{"id":68199,"date":"2012-12-28T04:43:00","date_gmt":"2012-12-28T09:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mereja.com\/amharic\/?guid=d56327c000a70b23ec6fadd51c3b5411"},"modified":"2012-12-28T04:43:00","modified_gmt":"2012-12-28T09:43:00","slug":"%e1%8a%a8%e1%89%b0%e1%88%9c%e1%8b%8d%e1%8a%95-%e1%8a%93%e1%8d%8d%e1%89%86%e1%89%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/68199","title":{"rendered":"\u12a8\u1270\u121c\u12cd\u1295 \u1293\u134d\u1246\u1275"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\">\u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u120b\u12ed \u1290\u12ce\u1275\u1364 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1295 \u1208\u1240\u12cd \u12c8\u12f0 \u120c\u120b \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1313\u12d9 \u1290\u12cd\u1364 \u1262\u1313\u12d9 \u1262\u1313\u12d9 \u1240\u1325\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1263\u1260\u1241\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a0\u120d\u12f0\u1228\u1231\u121d\u1364 \u1308\u1320\u1229 \u1228\u12dd\u121e\u1265\u12ce\u1273\u120d\u1364 \u2039\u12a5\u1295\u12f4 \u12ed\u1205 \u1200\u1308\u122d \u1308\u1320\u122d \u1265\u127b \u1290\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f4?\u203a \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u120a\u1320\u12ed\u1241 \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1263\u12ae\u1275\u1295 \u12dd\u121d \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u12ed\u1313\u12d9 \u1308\u1293 \u1265\u12d9 \u12e8\u1308\u1320\u122d \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u12ed\u1240\u122d\u12ce\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1275\u1295\u123d \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12eb\u1308\u1299 \u1218\u1235\u120e\u12ce \u1348\u1308\u130d \u120a\u1209 \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u1209\u1364 \u12a0\u12ed\u121e\u1299 \u1348\u1308\u130d\u1273\u12ce\u1275 \u12a8\u12a8\u1295\u1348\u122d\u12ce\u1275 \u12d8\u120e\u1364 \u134a\u1275\u12ce\u1275\u1295 \u12a8\u121b\u12f3\u1228\u1231 \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u12eb\u127d \u12a5\u12eb\u1208\u1349\u1275\u1275 \u12eb\u1208\u127d\u12cd \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a8\u1218\u1245\u1345\u1260\u1275 \u12a8\u12a5\u12ed\u1273\u12ce\u1275 \u1270\u1230\u12cd\u122b \u1260\u12f5\u130b\u121a \u12a8\u121b\u12eb\u120d\u1240\u12cd \u1308\u1320\u122d \u1270\u1240\u120b\u1245\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f2\u1205 \u1218\u1260\u122d\u1273\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\">\u134d\u1321\u122b\u1295 \u1260\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u1232\u1296\u1229 \u1218\u1230\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1348\u120d\u1308\u12cd \u12a5\u1293 \u1270\u1348\u1243\u1245\u12f0\u12cd \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u120b\u12ed \u1218\u1296\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u1200\u1245 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1230\u12cd \u120d\u1305 \u1263\u1205\u122a\u121d \u1265\u127b \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12e8\u1230\u12cd \u120d\u1306\u127d \u12ed\u1204\u1295 \u1241\u122d\u129d\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a0\u1265\u122e \u1218\u1296\u122d \u12a0\u1320\u1293\u12ad\u1228\u12cd \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1260\u1208\u1320 \u12a0\u1325\u1265\u1240\u12cd \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a0\u1265\u1228\u12cd \u12ed\u1296\u1229\u1260\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d\u121d \u12e8\u12da\u1205 \u130d\u1295\u1291\u1290\u1275 \u1240\u1325\u1270\u129b \u12cd\u1324\u1276\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1271 \u12e8\u121a\u1348\u1320\u1229\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u1232\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1271 \u12a5\u1293 \u1232\u12c8\u12f5\u1219 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1308\u1293 \u1232\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1271\u1364 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a0\u12cd\u122e\u1353\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u12a0\u1246\u1323\u1320\u122d \u12602008 \u12d3.\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1273\u1275 \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1275 \u1208\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u130a\u12dc \u12a8\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12a8\u130d\u121b\u123d \u12e8\u121a\u1260\u120d\u1320\u12cd \u1260\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1296\u122d \u12a0\u12c8\u1300\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1270\u121c\u12cd \u12d3\u1208\u121d\u1295 \u12a8\u1308\u1320\u122c\u12cd \u1270\u1228\u12a8\u1260\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><strong>\u12a8\u1270\u121c (Urbanism)<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\">\u12e8\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u12a5\u12e8\u1328\u1218\u1228 \u1260\u1218\u1323 \u1241\u1325\u122d \u1260\u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1228\u12cd \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1241\u1325\u122d\u121d \u12a5\u12e8\u1328\u1218\u1228 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1218\u1323\u1364 \u1218\u1228\u1303\u12ce\u1279\u1295 \u1270\u1218\u120d\u12ad\u1276 \u1218\u1308\u1295\u12d8\u1265 \u12ed\u127b\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1204\u121d \u12a8\u1270\u121c\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u12a8\u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u130b\u122d \u1260\u1240\u1325\u1273 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1308\u1293\u129d \u121b\u1235\u1228\u1303 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1265\u12d9 \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1290\u12cb\u122a \u1260\u1270\u1348\u1320\u1228 \u1241\u1325\u122d \u12e8\u12db\u127d \u1200\u1308\u122d \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u1260\u1270\u123b\u1208 \u1218\u1235\u1218\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u1290\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121b\u1208\u1275\u1361\u1361 &nbsp;Bert&nbsp; Hoselitz, \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1209 \u121d\u1201\u122d &#8216;The Role of Cities in the Economic Growth of Underdeveloped Countries&#8217; \u1263\u1209\u1275 \u1218\u1345\u1203\u134b\u1278\u12cd:<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><em>\u201cCities are sources of innovation, loci of and providers of motivation for change, and centers where a peasant may go to remove himself from the constricting political organization and static economy of the countryside.\u201d<\/em><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\">\u12ed\u120b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u12e8\u1200\u1233\u1265 \u1218\u134d\u1208\u1242\u12eb\u1363 \u12e8\u1348\u1320\u122b \u1218\u1218\u1295\u132b \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1291 \u12a5\u1293 \u1208\u1308\u1320\u122c\u12cd\u121d \u1308\u1320\u122d \u12a8\u1270\u1230\u129d\u12cd \u2039\u12a5\u1235\u122d \u1264\u203a\u1275 \u12c8\u1325\u1276 \u12c8\u12f0 \u2039\u1290\u1343\u1290\u1275 \u121d\u12f5\u122d\u203a \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1263\u1260\u1275 \u1260\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u1343\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1204\u121d \u1235\u120d\u1323\u1294 \u12a8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a5\u1295\u1305 \u12a8\u1308\u1320\u122d \u12a0\u1275\u1240\u12f3\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1200\u1233\u1265 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1320\u1293\u12ad\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1270\u121c \u1230\u134a\u12cd\u1295 \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u1260\u121b\u12c8\u1241 \u1270\u1320\u1243\u121a\u1290\u1271 \u12ed\u130e\u120b\u120d\u1364 \u12d3\u1208\u121d\u1295\u121d \u1208\u1218\u12a8\u1270\u120d \u12eb\u1270\u130b\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><strong>\u1308\u1320\u122c<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\">\u1260\u120c\u120b \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u12d3\u1208\u121d\u1295 \u1208\u1228\u1305\u121d \u12d8\u1218\u1293\u1275 \u1290\u130d\u1236\u1263\u1275 \u12e8\u1296\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u1308\u1320\u122c\u1290\u1275 \u12ed\u1275\u1260\u1203\u120d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1308\u1320\u122c \u1263\u1205\u120d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u130e\u120d\u1276 \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u12e8\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u1260\u1270\u1290 \u12a0\u1297\u1297\u122d\u1363 \u1208\u1208\u12cd\u1325 \u12f5\u1295\u1309\u1325 \u1218\u1206\u1295 (Change Resistant)\u1363 \u12e8\u1295\u1345\u1228\u1270 \u12a0\u1208\u121d (World Outlook) \u1218\u1325\u1260\u1265 \u12cb\u1290\u129b\u12ce\u1279 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1291 \u1263\u1208\u1219\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u12eb\u1235\u1228\u12f3\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1291\u12cd \u1218\u1260\u1270\u1295\u121d \u1200\u1233\u1265 \u1260\u130b\u122b \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u1265\u120b\u120b \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1200\u1233\u1265 \u134d\u132d\u1276\u127d (Thesis Vs. Antithesis) \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u1200\u1233\u1265 (Synthesis) \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u1348\u1325\u1229 \u12eb\u130d\u12f3\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12cd\u1325\u1295 \u1218\u134d\u122b\u1271 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1260\u1275\u1293\u1295\u1275 \u1260\u122c \u1208\u121b\u1228\u1235 \u1218\u123b\u1275\u1295\u1363 \u12db\u122c\u1295 \u1218\u122d\u1233\u1275\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d \u1208\u1290\u1308 \u1263\u12d5\u12f5 \u1218\u1206\u1295\u1295 \u12ed\u1348\u1325\u122d\u1260\u1273\u120d \u1208\u1308\u1320\u122c\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u120c\u120b \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12e8\u1308\u1320\u122c\u12cd \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12a8\u12a0\u122b\u1271 \u130b\u122b\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u1208\u1218\u12dd\u1208\u1209 \u12e8\u1273\u1348\u1290 \u12a5\u1293 \u120c\u120b\u12cd\u1295 \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12e8\u121b\u12eb\u12cd\u1245\u1364 \u122b\u1231\u1295\u121d \u12a8\u120c\u120b\u12cd \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u1290\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u121b\u12eb\u12cb\u1205\u12f5 \u2039\u12f0\u1234\u1275\u203a \u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1308\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u12ce \u1215\u12ed\u12c8\u1275 \u1260\u1308\u1320\u122d \u1260\u1263\u1205\u122d \u1270\u12a8\u1260\u1260\u127d \u12f0\u1234\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u1208\u127d \u121a\u1322\u1322 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1290\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u130d\u1295 \u1308\u1320\u122c \u1201\u1208-\u132d\u134d\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u130d\u121d\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u122d \u1290\u12cd \u1208\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><strong>\u1308\u1320\u122c\u12cd \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1295 \u1232\u123b<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\">\u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f6\u127d \u1308\u1320\u122c\u12cd \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1218\u130d\u1263\u1271 \u12a0\u12ed\u1240\u122d\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1235\u1260\u1275 \u1200\u12ed\u1209 (Center of Gravity) \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1290\u12cd\u1293 \u1308\u1320\u122c\u12cd \u1260\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1200\u1233\u1265 \u12ed\u1233\u1263\u120d\u1364 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u121d \u12ed\u1308\u1263\u120d\u1364 \u122b\u1231\u1295\u121d \u1260\u12a8\u1270\u121c \u1200\u1233\u1265 \u1208\u1218\u1245\u1228\u1345 \u12ed\u1325\u122b\u120d \u12a8\u1270\u121c\u121d \u12ed\u1206\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1308\u1320\u122c\u12cd \u12a8\u1270\u121c \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u121d\u1295 \u12ed\u1348\u1320\u122b\u120d? \u1235\u1295\u120d May Diaz and Jack Potter \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1209 \u1340\u1203\u134d\u1275 &#8216;Introduction: The Social Life of Peasants&#8217;, in Peasant Society \u1263\u1209\u1275 \u1218\u1345\u1203\u134b\u1278\u12cd \u120b\u12ed \u2039\u2039\u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1241\u1325\u1325\u122d \u12ed\u1260\u1323\u1320\u1235\u120d\u1364 \u1218\u1295\u12f0\u1229 \u130d\u1295 \u12ed\u1296\u122b\u120d\u203a\u203a &#8211;&nbsp;<em>\u201cThe state apparatus could disappear overnight and an individual village could still manage to survive\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;\u12ed\u1209\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1308\u1320\u122c\u12cd \u1260\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1218\u123b\u1271 \u2039\u130d\u1208\u1230\u1261\u1295 \u1230\u12cd\u203a \u12a8\u1275\u1262\u12eb \u1348\u120d\u130e \u12e8\u121b\u12cd\u1323\u1275\u1295 \u1218\u120b \u12ed\u121b\u122b\u120d\u1364 \u12d3\u1208\u121d\u1295 \u12eb\u12cd\u1243\u120d\u1364 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1308\u1293\u121d \u12d3\u1208\u121d\u1295 \u12eb\u1230\u134b\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><strong>\u1308\u1320\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\">\u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a0\u1218\u1230\u122b\u1228\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u1260\u1240\u12f3\u121a\u12ce\u1279 \u12d8\u1218\u1293\u1275 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12e8 \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12a0\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u1235\u120d\u1323\u1294 \u1218\u12ad\u1230\u121d \u1260\u128b\u120b \u1260\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u1345\u1295\u1230 \u1200\u1233\u1265 \u1328\u122d\u1236 \u1320\u134d\u1276 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1364 \u12e8\u1290\u1308\u1235\u1273\u1271 \u130d\u12db\u1275\u121d \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u12e8\u1320\u1260\u1260 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a8\u1218\u1295\u12f0\u122d \u12eb\u120d\u12d8\u1208\u1208 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12eb\u1235\u1228\u12f3\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1326\u122d\u1290\u1275\u121d \u12e8\u1290\u1308\u1235\u1273\u1271 \u1218\u1240\u1218\u132b \u12e8\u1206\u1291\u1275\u1295 \u2039\u12d3\u121d\u1263\u12ce\u127d\u203a \u1230\u1265\u122e \u12e8\u1308\u1263 \u1200\u12ed\u120d \u1235\u120d\u1323\u1291\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u12eb\u12dd \u12ed\u1240\u120d\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1364 \u12f5\u1209\u1295\u121d \u12d3\u121d\u1263\u12ce\u1279\u1295 \u1219\u1209 \u1208\u1219\u1209 \u1260\u121b\u12cd\u12f0\u121d \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u1345 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1204\u121d \u12d3\u121d\u1263\u12ce\u1279 \u130e\u120d\u1265\u1270\u12cd \u12c8\u12f0\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1238\u130b\u1308\u1229\u1260\u1275\u1295 \u12a5\u12f5\u120d \u1260\u12a5\u1305\u1309 \u12a0\u1240\u132d\u132e\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1290\u1308\u1235\u1273\u1271 \u12c8\u1295\u12dd\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u1270\u122b\u122b\u1295 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u1260\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1271\u1275 \u12e8\u1218\u1293\u1308\u123b \u2039\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12ce\u127d\u121d\u203a \u1208\u12a0\u132d\u122d \u130a\u12dc \u12e8\u121a\u1246\u12e9 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u130d\u1263 \u120a\u1263\u1209 \u12e8\u121a\u127d\u1209 \u12a0\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1229\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205\u121d \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121c\u1290\u1275 \u12eb\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1228\u1364 \u1265\u1245 \u1232\u120d\u121d \u1260\u1290\u1308\u1235\u1273\u1271 \u130d\u1265\u130d\u1265 \u2039\u2039\u1328\u122d\u1236 \u12a0\u1320\u134b\u203a \u1260\u121a\u1263\u120d \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u12a0\u1218\u12f5 \u1232\u1206\u1291 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1290\u12cd&nbsp;<em>\u201cDuring the past millennium in Ethiopia, the state and not the city has been &#8216;the decisive criterion of civilization\u201d&nbsp;<\/em>\u1232\u1209 Eric&nbsp; Wolf \u12e8\u121a\u1293\u1308\u1229\u1275\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\">\u12ed\u1204\u121d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u1260\u1308\u1320\u122d \u1218\u1296\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u1364 \u1260\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u129d\u12cd\u1295 \u1325\u1245\u121d \u12a8\u121b\u1323\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u121d \u1260\u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u2039\u120e\u120c\u203a \u1201\u1290\u12cd \u1296\u1228\u12cb\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u2039\u1290\u132d-\u1291\u130d\u1364\u1325\u1241\u122d \u12c8\u1270\u1275; \u12cd\u1208\u12f5 \u12a5\u12eb\u1208 \u2039\u12a5\u122d\u134d \u12a0\u1238\u12ad\u121e-\u1305\u122b\u134d \u12a0\u1295\u130d\u1276\u203a \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1295 \u1232\u1230\u122b\u1293 \u1232\u12eb\u1348\u122d\u1235 \u1290\u1260\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121b\u1208\u1275\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><strong>\u12a8\u134a\u12cd\u12f3\u1209 \u12c8\u12f0 \u120b\u1265 \u12a0\u12f0\u1229 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a0\u122d\u1236 \u12a0\u12f0\u1229<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\">\u1260\u134a\u12cd\u12f3\u120b\u12ca \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1271 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u1308\u1320\u122c\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1308\u1263\u122d \u1208\u1218\u12b3\u1295\u1295\u1271 \u1270\u12f0\u120d\u12f5\u120e \u1260\u1309\u120d\u1260\u1271 \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u120b\u1261 \u12e8\u1218\u1233\u134d\u1295\u1271 \u120e\u120c \u1206\u1296 \u1296\u1228\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u121d\u1295 \u12a5\u1228\u1308\u1323\u1208\u1201? \u12a8\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12ed\u120d\u1245 \u2039\u130d\u1265\u122d \u1260\u12db\u1265\u129d\u203a \u12e8\u121a\u1209 \u1275\u1295\u123d \u12a0\u1218\u1346\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u12e8\u1266\u1273\u12cd \u12a0\u1235\u1290\u1235\u1276 \u12a8\u1238\u1348\u1361\u1361 \u1219\u1209 \u12e8\u1218\u1265\u1275 \u1325\u1260\u1243 \u12ed\u12f0\u1228\u130d\u120d\u129d \u120a\u120d \u12a0\u120d\u127b\u1208\u121d\u1364 \u1308\u1320\u122c \u1290\u12cd\u1293\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u120d\u1241\u1295\u1235&nbsp; \u1270\u121b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u2039\u1218\u122c\u1275 \u1208\u12a0\u122b\u1239\u1363 \u1208\u120b\u1265 \u12a0\u134d\u1233\u1239\u203a \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u1308\u1320\u122c\u12cd \u1218\u1265\u1275 \u12ed\u1320\u1260\u1245 \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u1270\u1290\u1231 \u12a5\u1293\u121d \u134a\u12cd\u12f3\u120b\u12ca\u12cd\u1295 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1308\u1228\u1230\u1231\u1275\u1364 \u1260\u120b\u1263\u12f0\u1229 \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u122b \u12a8\u1270\u121b-\u1270\u12a8\u120d \u12a0\u1265\u12ee\u1275\u121d \u1273\u12c8\u1300\u1364 \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u1229 \u1260\u1218\u1203\u120d \u1308\u1265\u1276 \u1290\u1308\u1229\u1295 \u1201\u1209 \u12a0\u1348\u1228\u1230\u12cd\u1364 \u1205\u120d\u1219\u1295 \u12a0\u12f0\u1348\u1228\u1230\u12cd\u1364 \u1208\u1235\u1219 \u130d\u1295 \u12a5\u1294\u121d \u1208\u120b\u1263\u12f0\u1229 \u1290\u129d \u1265\u120e \u1308\u1320\u122c\u12cd\u1295 \u1308\u1238\u123d \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1308 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275\u121d \u12d8\u1228\u130b\u1361\u1361\u1308\u1320\u122c\u12cd\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122b\u12ca\u12cd \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1260\u1230\u1348\u122b \u1355\u122e\u130d\u122b\u1219 \u12a0\u121b\u12ab\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u1275\u1293\u1295\u123d \u12a0\u12f3\u130a \u1218\u1295\u12f0\u122e\u127d\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u134d\u1320\u122d \u1219\u12a8\u122b \u12a0\u12f0\u1228\u1308 &#8211; \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u1233\u12ab\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12e8\u1308\u1320\u122c\u12cd \u1241\u1325\u122d \u1260\u134a\u12cd\u12f3\u1209 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u130a\u12dc \u12a8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u1260\u1275\u1295\u1239 \u120a\u1240\u1290\u1235 \u127d\u120e \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\">\u1260\u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122b\u12ca\u12cd \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1270\u12ab\u12cd \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u12a0\u1265\u12ee\u1273\u12ca \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u12eb\u12ca \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1275 (\u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d) \u12a0\u122d\u1236\/\u12a0\u122d\u1265\u1276-\u12a0\u12f0\u1229\u1295 \u1260\u120c\u120b \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1308\u1320\u122c\u12cd\u1295 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1308 \u12f2\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u12eb\u12ca\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1260\u1208\u1340\u1308\u127d \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1295 \u12a5\u1348\u1325\u122b\u1208\u1201 \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u130d\u1265\u122d\u1293 \u1218\u122d \u12e8\u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a \u1235\u1275\u122b\u1274\u1302\u1295 \u1290\u12f0\u1348\u1364 \u1235\u1295\u1276\u127d \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1275\u130d\u120d \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u12c8\u1321 \u1232\u1240\u1229 \u12a5\u1294 \u12a0\u122d\u1236 \u12a0\u12f0\u1229 \u12db\u134d \u134d\u122c \u12a0\u1348\u122b\u1201 \u12a0\u1208\u1361\u1361 \u1308\u1320\u122c\u12cd\u121d \u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u12a2\u12ae\u1296\u121a\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed \u1208\u1218\u121d\u122b\u1275 \u1260\u1275\u1228 &#8211; \u1219\u1234\u12cd\u1295 \u1328\u1260\u1320\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><strong>\u1308\u1320\u122c\u12cd \u12ed\u1218\u122b\u120d\u1295?<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\">\u12a8\u12db\u122c 50 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u1308\u12f0\u121b (\u12601959 \u12d3.\u121d) \u1260\u121b\u12a5\u12a8\u120b\u12ca \u1235\u1273\u1275\u1235\u1272\u12ad\u1235 \u1263\u1208\u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1260\u12c8\u1323\u12cd \u1218\u1228\u1303 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12e8\u12db\u122c\u12cb\u1295 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1328\u121d\u122e \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12cd\u1235\u1325 248 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229 \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cd \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1265\u12db\u1275\u121d \u12a8\u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u1215\u12dd\u1265 8 \u1260\u1218\u1276\u12cd\u1295 \u1265\u127b \u12ed\u12ed\u12dd \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361&nbsp; \u12602004 \u12d3.\u121d \u1260\u12c8\u1323\u12cd \u12e8\u121b\u12a5\u12a8\u120b\u12ca \u1235\u1273\u1275\u1235\u1272\u12ad\u1235 \u1263\u1208\u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1218\u1228\u1303 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1260\u1218\u120b \u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 973 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u12eb\u1209 \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u12a8\u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u1215\u12dd\u1261\u121d 17 \u1260\u1218\u1276 \u12e8\u121a\u1206\u1290\u12cd \u1260\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12ed\u1296\u122b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1240\u122a\u12cd 83 \u1260\u1218\u1276\u12cd \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12a0\u1201\u1295\u121d \u1308\u1320\u122c \u1290\u12cd \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<br \/>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\">\u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1260\u12eb\u12d8\u1260\u1275 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u12a8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd 86 \u1260\u1218\u1276 \u12e8\u1308\u1320\u122d \u1290\u12cb\u122a \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u122d\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12603 \u1260\u1218\u1276 \u1265\u127b \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1290\u1230\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u12d3\u1208\u121b\u127d\u1295 \u12ad\u134d\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1229 \u1308\u1320\u122c\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u12a0\u1201\u1291 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u12f5\u1205\u1228-\u1308\u1320\u122c (Post-Peasant)\u1364 \u121b\u1208\u1275\u121d \u12a8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u130b\u122d \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1241\u122d\u129d\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1348\u1325\u1229 \u1290\u12cb\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12f0\u1228\u1231 \u1218\u1228\u1303\u12ce\u127d \u12eb\u1218\u1208\u12ad\u1273\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1204\u121d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1260\u1240\u1323\u12ed \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a8\u1270\u121c\u1290\u1275 \u122b\u1233\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u1240\u12e8\u122d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a5\u122d\u121d\u1303 \u12c8\u12f0\u134a\u1275 \u1202\u12f0\u12cb\u120d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1308\u1320\u122c \u12ed\u1204\u1295 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u1218\u12cd\u1323\u1275 \u1300\u121d\u122f\u120d \u1262\u120d\u121d\u1364 \u126020 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12a8\u1273\u12e8\u12cd \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121c\u1290\u1275 \u1309\u12de \u12a0\u1295\u1343\u122d \u1270\u1218\u120d\u12ad\u1270\u12cd \u2039\u12a0\u12ed \u12a0\u12ed\u1218\u1235\u1208\u1295\u121d\u203a \u12e8\u121a\u1209 \u12c8\u1308\u1296\u127d \u12a0\u1209\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\">Frederick&nbsp; Gamst &nbsp;\u1235\u1208 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b-\u1308\u1320\u122d \u1270\u12c8\u1235\u12a6 \u1232\u12eb\u12c8\u1231:<br \/>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><em>\u201cLack of urbanism is found to be hindering the rate of modernization in Ethiopia where nonliterate [sic] people are still gradually making the transition into peasants.\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;\u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121c\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u1208\u121b\u12f0\u130d \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1295 \u12a8\u12d8\u1218\u1293\u12ca\u1290\u1275 \u1309\u12de\u12cb \u12a0\u1245\u1267\u1273\u120d\u1364 \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u121b\u1228\u12cd \u1215\u1265\u1228\u1270\u1230\u1265\u121d \u1308\u1320\u122c \u12a5\u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u1290\u12cd \u12a5\u12eb\u1209 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<br \/>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\">\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1260\u1260\u12a9\u1209 \u1260\u1270\u12f0\u130b\u130b\u121a \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1308\u120d\u1340\u12cd \u2039\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1274\u1364 \u1230\u134a\u12cd \u12a0\u122d\u1236 \u12a0\u12f0\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u203a \u12ed\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u2039\u12e8\u12f2\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232 \u1270\u124b\u121b\u1275\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u120d\u121b\u1275 \u12a0\u12cd\u1273\u122e\u127d\u1295 \u12e8\u121d\u12d8\u1228\u130b\u12cd \u12ed\u1204\u1295 \u12a0\u122d\u1236\u12a0\u12f0\u122d \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u130c \u1290\u12cd\u121d\u203a \u12ed\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a0\u12c8\u12db\u130b\u1262 \u12e8\u121d\u122d\u132b \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u2039\u12a0\u1218\u1294\u1273 \u1260\u1308\u1320\u122c\u12cd \u120b\u12ed \u1290\u12cd\u203a \u12ed\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u1308\u1320\u122c\u1290\u1275 \u1208\u1200\u1308\u122d \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u2039\u12a5\u12f3\u203a \u1290\u12cd \u12ed\u1209\u1273\u120d \u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 \u1260\u1260\u12a9\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u2039\u2039\u12e8\u1270\u1260\u1270\u1290\u1363 \u1208\u12cd\u1325-\u1320\u120d \u12a5\u1293 \u12d3\u1208\u1218-\u1320\u1263\u1261\u1295 \u1308\u1320\u122c \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1218\u12a8\u1273 \u1218\u12eb\u12dd \u12a0\u12ed\u1308\u1263\u121d\u1364 \u12ed\u120d\u1241\u1295\u121d \u1308\u1320\u122c\u12cd\u1295 \u12a0\u12d8\u121d\u1296 \u12a8\u1270\u121c \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u1290\u12cd \u12f5\u1209\u203a\u203a \u12ed\u120b\u1209 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u12ab\u120b\u1275\u1361\u1361<br \/>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\">\u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1320\u1240\u1235\u1293\u1278\u12cd&nbsp; Frederick&nbsp; Gamst &nbsp;\u2018Peasantries and Elites without Urbanism: The Civilization of Ethiopia\u2019&nbsp; \u1263\u1209\u1275 \u1345\u1201\u134b\u1278\u12cd \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121c\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u1208\u121b\u12f0\u130d\u1295 \u1320\u1245\u1230\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1240\u122d\u1261\u1275\u1295 \u1202\u1235 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1308\u1293 \u12a5\u1295\u1325\u1240\u1235\u1361<br \/>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\"><em>\u201cLack of urbanism prevents in Ethiopia the beginnings of a concentration of a pool of laborers who are without bonds to the land. Such a labor pool is necessary for industrialization, and thus for the ensuing general modernization of all of the ways of life in Ethiopia. Lack of urbanism will [\u2026] insulate Ethiopia and its peasants from fundamental changes in traditional ways of life.\u201d<\/em><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding: 0px;\">\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1309\u12df\u127d\u1295 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a \u12a8\u1206\u1290 \u1218\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1260\u134d\u1245\u122d \u12e8\u12c8\u12f0\u1240\u1208\u1275 \u1308\u1320\u122c\u12cd \u1275\u120d\u1245 \u1218\u1230\u1293\u12ad\u120d \u1290\u12cd \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u12e8\u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a \u120d\u121b\u1275\u1295 (Industrialization) \u12a0\u1218\u1323\u1208\u1201 \u1265\u120e\u1364 \u1260\u120c\u120b \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u2039\u1308\u1320\u122c\u12cd\u1295 \u12a0\u1275\u1295\u12a9\u1265\u129d\u203a \u12a5\u12eb\u1208 \u1218\u1295\u1273 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u120b\u12ed \u1246\u121e\u120d\u1364 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a5\u130d\u1229\u1295 \u1260\u130d\u122b\u1363 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a5\u130d\u1229\u1295 \u1260\u1240\u129d \u1260\u12a9\u120d\u121d \u12a5\u12e8\u1208\u1320\u1320 \u12ed\u1308\u129b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b\u12cd\u1235? \u12e8\u1208\u12cd\u1325 \u1348\u122d \u1240\u12f3\u1301\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u121c\u1235 \u1218\u127d \u12ed\u1240\u122d\u1260\u12cb\u120d? \u1218\u1278\u1235 \u1308\u1320\u122c\u12cd\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u121c \u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1308\u12cb\u120d? \u1290\u12cd \u1325\u12eb\u1244\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u120b\u12ed \u1290\u12ce\u1275\u1364 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1295 \u1208\u1240\u12cd \u12c8\u12f0 \u120c\u120b \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1313\u12d9 \u1290\u12cd\u1364 \u1262\u1313\u12d9 \u1262\u1313\u12d9 \u1240\u1325\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1263\u1260\u1241\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a0\u120d\u12f0\u1228\u1231\u121d\u1364 \u1308\u1320\u1229 \u1228\u12dd\u121e\u1265\u12ce\u1273\u120d\u1364 \u2039\u12a5\u1295\u12f4 <\/p>\n<div class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/68199\">Read more &#8250;<\/a><\/div>\n<p><!-- end of .read-more --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[100,16,1242,18,20,1243,223,1244,1238,1245,1246,1239,1247],"class_list":["post-68199","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-amharic","tag-addis-ababa","tag-amharic","tag-election","tag-ethiopia","tag-ethiopians","tag-export","tag-health","tag-immigration","tag-importexport","tag-market","tag-money-transfer","tag-politics","tag-scholarship"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68199","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=68199"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68199\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=68199"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=68199"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=68199"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}