{"id":518837,"date":"2017-10-24T05:14:00","date_gmt":"2017-10-24T10:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mereja.com\/amharic\/?guid=2a0f240d51b03cee7ab67be7ebd9b855"},"modified":"2017-10-24T05:14:00","modified_gmt":"2017-10-24T10:14:00","slug":"%e1%8b%a8%e1%88%9d%e1%88%ad%e1%8c%ab-%e1%88%b5%e1%88%ad%e1%8b%93%e1%89%b1-%e1%88%98%e1%88%bb%e1%88%bb%e1%88%8d-%e1%8c%89%e1%8b%b3%e1%8b%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/518837","title":{"rendered":"\u12e8\u121d\u122d\u132b \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1271 \u1218\u123b\u123b\u120d \u1309\u12f3\u12ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u1265\u12d9 \u1230\u12cd \u127d\u120b \u1265\u120e\u1273\u120d\u1362 \u12e8\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u1353\u122d\u1272\u12ce\u1279 \u130d\u1295 “\u1218\u12f0\u122b\u12f0\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u1295” \u1240\u1325\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u12a8\u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u130b\u122d \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u122b\u12f0\u1229 \u12eb\u1209\u1275 \u1353\u122d\u1272\u12ce\u127d \u121d\u1295\u121d \u1215\u12dd\u1263\u12ca \u1245\u1261\u120d\u1290\u1275\/\u12cd\u12ad\u120d\u1293 \u12e8\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u121d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12ed\u127b\u120b\u120d\u1362 \u1208\u12da\u12eb \u1290\u12cd “\u12f5\u122d\u12f5\u1229” \u1306\u122e \u12eb\u1323\u12cd\u1362 \u12de\u122e \u12de\u122e \u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d “\u12f5\u122d\u12f5\u1229\u1295” \u1232\u1320\u122b \u1260\u1270\u1290\u1233\u1260\u1275 \u12d3\u120b\u121b \u120a\u1320\u1293\u1240\u1245 \u1270\u12f3\u122d\u1237\u120d\u1362 \u12e8\u121d\u122d\u132b \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1271\u1295 \u121b\u123b\u123b\u120d\u1362 \u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u12cd\u1324\u1271\u1295 “\u1260\u12f5\u122d\u12f5\u122d” \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1298 \u1208\u121b\u1235\u1218\u1230\u120d \u1235\u1208\u1348\u1208\u1308 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u1240\u12f5\u121e\u12cd\u1295\u121d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1271\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u123b\u123b\u120d \u12c8\u1235\u1297\u120d\u1362 \u1208\u121d\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a5\u1295\u12f4\u1275?<\/p>\n

\u1369) \u1240\u12f3\u121a \u12a0\u1233\u120b\u134a (First Past The Post \/FPTP) \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u1201\u1291 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u12f5\u121d\u1345 \u12a0\u1263\u12ab\u129d \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1290\u1308\u1229\u1295 \u1260\u121d\u1233\u120c \u1208\u121b\u1235\u1228\u12f3\u1275 \u12e8\u121d\u122d\u132b 2002 \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12cd\u1324\u1275\u1295 \u12a5\u1293\u1218\u1323\u1208\u1295\u1362 \u1260\u12c8\u1245\u1271 \u12a8\u1218\u1228\u1321 \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1290\u12cb\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 54% \u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d\u1295 \u1218\u1228\u1321\u1363 37% \u1218\u12f5\u1228\u12ad\u1295 \u1218\u1228\u1321\u1363 9% \u120c\u120e\u127d \u1270\u1243\u12cb\u121a\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1218\u1228\u1321\u1362 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12a8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1270\u1243\u12cb\u121a \u1260\u1235\u1270\u1240\u122d \u1353\u122d\u120b\u121b \u1263\u1208\u1218\u130d\u1263\u1271 \u1260\u1325\u1245\u1209 \u12e846% \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1218\u122b\u132e\u127d \u12f5\u121d\u1345 \u1263\u12ad\u1296 \u1240\u122d\u1277\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n

\u136a) \u1265\u12d9 \u1218\u122b\u132d \u1263\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u121d\u122d\u132b \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u1265\u12d9 \u12f5\u121d\u1345 \u12eb\u1308\u1299 \u1270\u12c8\u12f3\u12f3\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u1232\u12c8\u12f5\u1241\u1363 \u1275\u1295\u123d \u1218\u122b\u132d \u1263\u1208\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u121d\u122d\u132b \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u12eb\u1209 \u1270\u12c8\u12f3\u12f3\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u1263\u1290\u1230 \u12f5\u121d\u1345 \u12a0\u120d\u1348\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c \u1260\u12da\u12eb\u12cd \u12e82002 \u121d\u122d\u132b \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12e8\u121d\u122d\u132b \u12ad\u120d\u120d 42,555 \u12f5\u121d\u1345 \u12eb\u1308\u1299\u1275 \u12e8\u1218\u12f5\u1228\u12ad \u1270\u12c8\u12f3\u12f3\u122a \u12a0\u1276 \u12d1\u122d\u130c\u1233 \u12cb\u12ac\u1294 \u1353\u122d\u120b\u121b \u12a0\u120d\u1308\u1261\u121d\u1364 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u120c\u120b \u121d\u122d\u132b \u12ad\u120d\u120d 12,753 \u12f5\u121d\u1345 \u12eb\u1308\u1299\u1275 \u12e8\u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u1270\u12c8\u12f3\u12f3\u122a \u12f6\/\u122d \u12a5\u120d\u134d\u1290\u123d \u1283\u12ed\u120c \u1353\u122d\u120b\u121b \u1308\u1265\u1270\u12cd \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362<\/p>\n

\u136b) \u12e8\u121d\u122d\u132b \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1271 \u1270\u1218\u1323\u1323\u129d \u12cd\u12ad\u120d\u1293 (proportional representation \/PR\/) \u1262\u1206\u1295 \u1296\u122e \u1208\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u1270\u12c9\u1275 23 \u12e8\u121d\u12ad\u122d \u1264\u1275 \u12c8\u1295\u1260\u122e\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 12\u1271 \u1260\u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d\u1363 9\u1299 \u1260\u1218\u12f5\u1228\u12ad \u12a5\u1293 \u1240\u122a\u12ce\u1279 \u1201\u1208\u1271 \u1208\u120c\u120e\u127d \u1270\u1243\u12cb\u121a\u12ce\u127d \u12ed\u1214\u12f1 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 (\u1260\u12da\u12eb\u12cd \u12602002\u1271 \u121d\u122d\u132b)<\/p>\n

\u12ed\u1214 \u1245\u122c\u1273 \u1232\u1290\u1233 \u1230\u1295\u1265\u1276 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 \u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u130d\u1295 \u1263\u1208\u1349\u1275 \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u121d\u122d\u132b\u12ce\u127d \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u1263\u1308\u1298\u12cd \u12f5\u121d\u1345 \u1218\u1220\u1228\u1275 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1271 \u1270\u1218\u1323\u1323\u129d \u12cd\u12ad\u120d\u1293 \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d \u1296\u122e \u121b\u1208\u1349 \u12a0\u12ed\u1240\u122d\u121d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1271\u121d\u1363<\/p>\n

\u1200) \u12a8\u121d\u122d\u132b 97 \u12c8\u12f2\u1205 \u1218\u122b\u1329 \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1260\u121d\u122d\u132b\u12cd \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u12eb\u12ca\u1290\u1275 \u1270\u1235\u134b \u1246\u122d\u1327\u120d\u1362 \u1208\u1218\u121d\u1228\u1325 \u12e8\u121a\u1214\u12f1\u1275\u121d \u12c8\u12ed \u12e8\u1240\u1260\u120c \u1263\u1208\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1293\u1275\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1348\u1229 \u1270\u1243\u12cb\u121a\u12ce\u127d\u1363 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12e8\u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u12f0\u130b\u134a\u12ce\u127d\u1363 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1325\u1242\u1275 \u1260\u121d\u122d\u132b \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u1218\u1241\u1228\u1325 \u12eb\u1243\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u1218\u122b\u132e\u127d \u1265\u127b \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n

\u1208) \u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u121d\u122d\u132b\u12cd \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1232\u1240\u1228\u12cd \u1308\u1208\u120d\u1270\u129b \u121a\u12f2\u12eb\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12a8\u1260\u134a\u1271 \u12e8\u1260\u1208\u1320 \u1260\u121b\u1348\u1295 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1260\u121b\u1308\u12f5\u1363 \u130b\u12dc\u1320\u129e\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12a8\u129e\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u1230\u122d\u1363 \u12e8\u1270\u1243\u12cb\u121a \u1353\u122d\u1272\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u1230\u1295\u1320\u1245 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u121a\u12f5\u12eb\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1270\u124b\u121b\u1275\u1295 \u1208\u1245\u1235\u1240\u1233 \u1260\u1218\u1320\u1240\u121d \u122b\u1231\u1295 \u1265\u1278\u129b \u1270\u12c8\u12f3\u12f3\u122a \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u130e \u12eb\u1240\u122d\u1263\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n

\u1210) \u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u1208\u1273\u12ed\u1273 \u12eb\u12ad\u120d \u1270\u1243\u12cb\u121a \u12e8\u1353\u122d\u120b\u121b \u12a0\u1263\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1296\u1228\u12cd \u1262\u1348\u120d\u130d\u121d\u1363 \u1260\u12e8\u121d\u122d\u132b \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1220\u121b\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u12ab\u12f5\u122c\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u1219\u1209 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u120b\u12ed \u120b\u1208\u1218\u1308\u121d\u1308\u121d \u1232\u1209 \u1260\u122b\u1233\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u121d\u122d\u132b \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d\u1295 \u12a0\u1238\u1293\u134a \u1208\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u12e8\u1275\u121d \u134d\u132a\u12cd \u12f1\u1244\u1271\u1295 \u12a0\u121d\u132a\u12cd \u12d8\u12f4 \u1270\u1320\u1245\u1218\u12cd \u12eb\u1238\u1295\u134b\u1209\u1362 100% \u12cd\u1324\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1298\u12cd \u1260\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1270\u1295\u12ae\u120e\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u12d8\u12f4\u12ce\u127d \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n

\u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205 (\u1210) \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u1240\u1230\u12cd \u127d\u130d\u122d \u1233\u12ed\u1348\u1320\u122d (\u12ab\u12f5\u122c\u12ce\u1279 \u12a0\u1209\u1273\u12ca \u130d\u121d\u1308\u121b \u1233\u12ed\u1240\u122d\u1265\u1263\u1278\u12cd) \u1270\u1243\u12cb\u121a \u1353\u122d\u120b\u121b \u12e8\u121b\u1235\u1308\u1262\u12eb\u12cd \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u12e8”\u1270\u1218\u1323\u1323\u129d \u12cd\u12ad\u120d\u1293” \u1260\u1218\u1320\u1240\u121d \u1218\u1206\u1291\u1295 \u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u1270\u1228\u12f5\u1277\u120d\u1362 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12f5\u1295\u1308\u1275 \u12e8\u121d\u122d\u132b 97 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1270\u12a8\u1235\u1276 \u1260\u1240\u120b\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u1243\u12cb\u121a\u12ce\u127d \u12f3\u130d\u121b\u12ca \u1218\u1290\u1243\u1243\u1275 \u1260\u1270\u1218\u1323\u1323\u129d \u12cd\u12ad\u120d\u1293 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1298\u12cd \u12cd\u1324\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1243\u12cb\u121a\u12ce\u1279\u1295 \u12f5\u121d\u1345 \u12f5\u121d\u122d \u12a8\u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u120a\u12eb\u1235\u1260\u120d\u1320\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u127d\u120d \u12eb\u12cd\u1243\u120d\u1362 \u1208\u12da\u1205 \u1290\u12cd “\u1245\u12ed\u1325 \u1275\u12ed\u12e9” (Mixed-Parallel) \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u120d \u12e8\u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u121b\u123b\u123b\u12eb \u12ed\u12de \u12e8\u1218\u1323\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n

\u1260\u1323\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1233\u12dd\u1290\u12cd \u1270\u1243\u12cb\u121a\u12ce\u127d “\u1245\u12ed\u1325 \u1275\u12ed\u12e9” \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u121d\u122d\u132b \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u121d\u1295 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u12a0\u1208\u121b\u12c8\u1243\u1278\u12cd \u1265\u127b \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u1235\u1228\u12f3\u1278\u12cd \u1218\u1320\u12e8\u1243\u1278\u12cd\u121d \u132d\u121d\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n

\u1260\u1270\u1218\u1323\u1323\u129d \u12cd\u12ad\u120d\u1293 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u12a8\u130d\u120d \u1270\u12c8\u12f3\u12f3\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12cd\u132a \u1353\u122d\u1272\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12c8\u12ad\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1240\u122d\u1261 \u130d\u1208\u1230\u1266\u127d \u12a0\u12ed\u1296\u1229\u121d\u1362 \u1353\u122d\u1272\u12ce\u1279 \u1263\u1308\u1299\u1275 \u12cd\u1324\u1275 \u120d\u12ad \u1290\u12cd \u1208\u12c8\u1295\u1260\u122e\u1279 \u1230\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u12f5\u1261\u1275\u1362 \u1245\u12ed\u1325 \u1275\u12ed\u12e9 \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u1230\u1291 \u12c8\u1295\u1260\u122e\u127d \u1260\u1245\u12f5\u121a\u12eb \u12a0\u120b\u134a \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275\u1363 \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u1230\u1291 \u12c8\u1295\u1260\u122e\u127d \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1260\u1270\u1218\u1323\u1323\u129d \u12cd\u12ad\u120d\u1293 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u129d\u1260\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u1201\u1208\u1271\u1295\u121d \u12e8\u121d\u122d\u132b \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1276\u127d \u130e\u1295 \u1208\u130e\u1295 \u121b\u1235\u12ac\u12f5 \u12e8\u121a\u127b\u120d\u1260\u1275 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u121d\u122d\u132b \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1353\u122d\u1272 \u1208\u1228\u12e5\u121d \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12e8\u1308\u12db\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u12a0\u1308\u122e\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1270\u1209\u1275 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed \u12e8\u121d\u122d\u132b \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u1279\u1295 \u1260\u12f0\u130b\u134a\u12ce\u1279 \u12a0\u1230\u134b\u1348\u122d \u121b\u12c8\u1240\u122d (gerrymandering) \u12e8\u127b\u1208 \u1353\u122d\u1272 \u12d8\u120b\u1208\u121d \u12a0\u1238\u1293\u134a  \u12e8\u121a\u1206\u1295\u1260\u1275 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n

\u1270\u1243\u12cb\u121a\u12ce\u1279 \u1235\u1208\u1270\u1320\u1246\u1218\u12cd \u12e8\u121d\u122d\u132b \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u12ab\u1265\u122b\u122b\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u128b\u120b \u1290\u12cd “\u1218\u12f0\u122b\u12f0\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u1295” \u12e8\u1240\u1320\u1209\u1275\u1362 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 11 \u1353\u122d\u1272\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12eb\u1240\u1348\u12cd \u1261\u12f5\u1295 60:40 (\u121b\u1208\u1275\u121d 60% \u1240\u12f3\u121a \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u120d\u134d\u1260\u1275\u1363 40% \u1270\u1218\u1323\u1323\u129d \u12cd\u12ad\u120d\u1293) \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1206\u1295 “\u12e8\u1218\u12f0\u122b\u12f0\u122a\u12eb” \u121d\u1325\u1325\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u1245\u1228\u1265 “\u1245\u12ed\u1325 \u1275\u12ed\u12e9” \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275\u1295 \u1270\u1240\u1265\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n

\u1260\u1260\u12a9\u120c\u1363 \u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u1208\u129b\u12cd “\u1215\u12dd\u1263\u12ca \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275” \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12ab\u12cd \u1260\u121d\u122d\u132b\u12cd \u12cd\u1324\u1275 \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u121d\u122d\u132b\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u1263\u1208\u12cd \u1215\u12dd\u1263\u12ca \u1270\u1233\u1275\u134e \u1290\u12cd \u1265\u12ec \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121b\u121d\u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12eb\u1208 \u1232\u126a\u120d \u121b\u1285\u1260\u122b\u1275\u1363 \u12eb\u1208 \u1308\u1208\u120d\u1270\u129b \u1265\u12d9\u1283\u1295 \u1218\u1308\u1293\u129b\u1293 \u1208\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12c8\u1308\u1295\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u1206\u1291 \u1270\u124b\u121b\u1275 \u1260\u120c\u1209\u1260\u1275 \u12ed\u1233\u12ab\u120d \u1265\u12ec \u12a0\u120b\u121d\u1295\u121d\u1362 \u1206\u1296\u121d\u1363 \u12e8\u121d\u122d\u132b \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1271\u121d \u1240\u120b\u120d \u1241\u121d \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1290\u12cd \u1265\u12ec \u12a0\u120b\u1235\u1265\u121d\u1362 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205\u1363 \u1208\u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u129b \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1271 \u12a0\u1308\u122d \u12f5\u121d\u1345 \u12a0\u1263\u12ab\u1299 \u1240\u12f5\u121e \u12a0\u120b\u134a \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u12a0\u12cb\u132d \u1290\u12cd \u1265\u12ec \u12a0\u120b\u121d\u1295\u121d\u1362 \u12e8\u1270\u123b\u1208\u12cd \u1270\u1218\u1323\u1323\u129d \u12cd\u12ad\u120d\u1293 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u130d\u1295 \u1240\u12f5\u121e\u121d \u12e8\u12ed\u1235\u1219\u120b \u1260\u1270\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u12f5\u122d\u12f5\u122d\u1363 \u1260\u1353\u122d\u1272\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u120b\u12cb\u1242\u1290\u1275 \u1233\u1262\u12eb \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u1206\u1297\u120d\u1362 \u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u1260\u122b\u1231 \u134d\u120b\u130e\u1275 \u12e8\u1300\u1218\u1228\u12cd\u1295 \u12f5\u122d\u12f5\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u134d\u120b\u130e\u1271 \u12a5\u12e8\u1328\u1228\u1230\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ብዙ ሰው ችላ ብሎታል። የፖለቲካ ፓርቲዎቹ ግን “መደራደራቸውን” ቀጥለዋል። ከኢሕአዴግ ጋር እየተደራደሩ ያሉት ፓርቲዎች ምንም ሕዝባዊ ቅቡልነት\/ውክልና የላቸውም ማለት ይቻላል። ለዚያ ነው “ድርድሩ” ጆሮ ያጣው። ዞሮ ዞሮ ኢሕአዴግ “ድርድሩን” ሲጠራ በተነሳበት ዓላማ ሊጠናቀቅ ተዳርሷል። የምርጫ ስርዓቱን ማሻሻል። ኢሕአዴግ ውጤቱን “በድርድር” የተገኘ ለማስመሰል ስለፈለገ እንጂ ቀድሞውንም ስርዓቱን ለማሻሻል ወስኗል። ለምን እና እንዴት?<\/p>\n

፩) ቀዳሚ አሳላፊ (First Past The Post \/FPTP) የተባለው የአሁኑ ስርዓት ድምፅ አባካኝ ነው። ነገሩን በምሳሌ ለማስረዳት የምርጫ 2002 የአዲስ አበባ ውጤትን እናመጣለን። በወቅቱ ከመረጡ የአዲስ አበባ ነዋሪዎች ውስጥ 54% ኢሕአዴግን መረጡ፣ 37% መድረክን መረጡ፣ 9% ሌሎች ተቃዋሚዎችን መረጡ። ነገር ግን ከአንድ ተቃዋሚ በስተቀር ፓርላማ ባለመግባቱ በጥቅሉ የ46% የአዲስ አበባ መራጮች ድምፅ ባክኖ ቀርቷል።<\/p>\n

፪) ብዙ መራጭ ባላቸው የምርጫ ክልሎች ብዙ ድምፅ ያገኙ ተወዳዳሪዎች ሲወድቁ፣ ትንሽ መራጭ ባለባቸው የምርጫ ክልሎች ያሉ ተወዳዳሪዎች ባነሰ ድምፅ አልፈዋል። ለምሳሌ በዚያው የ2002 ምርጫ ወቅት በአንድ የምርጫ ክልል 42,555 ድምፅ ያገኙት የመድረክ ተወዳዳሪ አቶ ዑርጌሳ ዋኬኔ ፓርላማ አልገቡም፤ ነገር ግን በሌላ ምርጫ ክልል 12,753 ድምፅ ያገኙት የኢሕአዴግ ተወዳዳሪ ዶ\/ር እልፍነሽ ኃይሌ ፓርላማ ገብተው ነበር።<\/p>\n

፫) የምርጫ ስርዓቱ ተመጣጣኝ ውክልና (proportional representation \/PR\/) ቢሆን ኖሮ ለአዲስ አበባ ከተተዉት 23 የምክር ቤት ወንበሮች ውስጥ 12ቱ በኢሕአዴግ፣ 9ኙ በመድረክ እና ቀሪዎቹ ሁለቱ ለሌሎች ተቃዋሚዎች ይሔዱ ነበር። (በዚያው በ2002ቱ ምርጫ)<\/p>\n

ይሔ ቅሬታ ሲነሳ ሰንብቶ ነበር። ኢሕአዴግ ግን ባለፉት ሁለት ምርጫዎች ወቅት ባገኘው ድምፅ መሠረት ስርዓቱ ተመጣጣኝ ውክልና ቢሆንም ኖሮ ማለፉ አይቀርም ነበር። ምክንያቱም፣<\/p>\n

ሀ) ከምርጫ 97 ወዲህ መራጩ ሕዝብ በምርጫው ስርዓት ዴሞክራሲያዊነት ተስፋ ቆርጧል። ለመምረጥ የሚሔዱትም ወይ የቀበሌ ባለሥልጣናትን የሚፈሩ ተቃዋሚዎች፣ ወይም የኢሕአዴግ ደጋፊዎች፣ ወይም ጥቂት በምርጫ ፖለቲካ መቁረጥ ያቃታቸው መራጮች ብቻ ናቸው።<\/p>\n

ለ) ኢሕአዴግ ምርጫው አንድ ዓመት ሲቀረው ገለልተኛ ሚዲያዎችን ከበፊቱ የበለጠ በማፈን ወይም በማገድ፣ ጋዜጠኞች እና ፖለቲከኞችን በማሰር፣ የተቃዋሚ ፓርቲዎችን በመሰንጠቅ እና የመንግሥት ሚድያዎችን እና የመንግሥት ተቋማትን ለቅስቀሳ በመጠቀም ራሱን ብቸኛ ተወዳዳሪ አድርጎ ያቀርባል።<\/p>\n

ሐ) ኢሕአዴግ ለታይታ ያክል ተቃዋሚ የፓርላማ አባል እንዲኖረው ቢፈልግም፣ በየምርጫ ክልሎች የሚያሠማራቸው ካድሬዎች በሙሉ በኋላ ላይ ላለመገምገም ሲሉ በራሳቸውን የምርጫ ክልል ኢሕአዴግን አሸናፊ ለማድረግ የትም ፍጪው ዱቄቱን አምጪው ዘዴ ተጠቅመው ያሸንፋሉ። 100% ውጤት የተገኘው በነዚህ ተንኮሎች እና ዘዴዎች ነው።<\/p>\n

ስለዚህ (ሐ) ላይ የተጠቀሰው ችግር ሳይፈጠር (ካድሬዎቹ አሉታዊ ግምገማ ሳይቀርብባቸው) ተቃዋሚ ፓርላማ የማስገቢያው መንገድ የ”ተመጣጣኝ ውክልና” በመጠቀም መሆኑን ኢሕአዴግ ተረድቷል። ነገር ግን ደግሞ ድንገት የምርጫ 97 ዓይነት ነገር ተከስቶ በቀላል የተቃዋሚዎች ዳግማዊ መነቃቃት በተመጣጣኝ ውክልና የሚገኘው ውጤት የተቃዋሚዎቹን ድምፅ ድምር ከኢሕአዴግ ሊያስበልጠው እንደሚችል ያውቃል። ለዚህ ነው “ቅይጥ ትይዩ” (Mixed-Parallel) የሚባል የስርዓት ማሻሻያ ይዞ የመጣው።<\/p>\n

በጣም የሚያሳዝነው ተቃዋሚዎች “ቅይጥ ትይዩ” የተባለው የምርጫ ስርዓት ምን ዓይነት እንደሆነ አለማወቃቸው ብቻ ሳይሆን፣ ኢሕአዴግ እንዲያስረዳቸው መጠየቃቸውም ጭምር ነው።<\/p>\n

በተመጣጣኝ ውክልና ስርዓት ከግል ተወዳዳሪዎች ውጪ ፓርቲዎችን ወክለው የሚቀርቡ ግለሰቦች አይኖሩም። ፓርቲዎቹ ባገኙት ውጤት ልክ ነው ለወንበሮቹ ሰው የሚመድቡት። ቅይጥ ትይዩ የተባለው ስርዓት የተወሰኑ ወንበሮች በቅድሚያ አላፊ ስርዓት፣ የተወሰኑ ወንበሮች ደግሞ በተመጣጣኝ ውክልና የሚገኝበት እና ሁለቱንም የምርጫ ስርዓቶች ጎን ለጎን ማስኬድ የሚቻልበት ስርዓት ነው። ይህ የምርጫ ስርዓት አንድ ፓርቲ ለረዥም ዓመታት የገዛባቸው አገሮች የተከተሉት ስርዓት ነው። በተለይ የምርጫ ክልሎቹን በደጋፊዎቹ አሰፋፈር ማወቀር (gerrymandering) የቻለ ፓርቲ ዘላለም አሸናፊ  የሚሆንበት ስርዓት ነው።<\/p>\n

ተቃዋሚዎቹ ስለተጠቆመው የምርጫ ስርዓት ኢሕአዴግ ካብራራላቸው በኋላ ነው “መደራደራቸውን” የቀጠሉት። አሁን 11 ፓርቲዎችን ያቀፈው ቡድን 60:40 (ማለትም 60% ቀዳሚ የሚያልፍበት፣ 40% ተመጣጣኝ ውክልና) እንዲሆን “የመደራደሪያ” ምጥጥን በማቅረብ “ቅይጥ ትይዩ” ስርዓትን ተቀብለዋል።<\/p>\n

በበኩሌ፣ ትክክለኛው “ሕዝባዊ ስርዓት” የሚለካው በምርጫው ውጤት ሳይሆን በምርጫዎች መካከል ባለው ሕዝባዊ ተሳትፎ ነው ብዬ ነው የማምነው። ይህ ደግሞ ያለ ሲቪል ማኅበራት፣ ያለ ገለልተኛ ብዙኃን መገናኛና ለሕዝብ ወገንተኛ የሆኑ ተቋማት በሌሉበት ይሳካል ብዬ አላምንም። ሆኖም፣ የምርጫ ስርዓቱም ቀላል ቁም ነገር ነው ብዬ አላስብም። ስለዚህ፣ ለእንደኛ ዓይነቱ አገር ድምፅ አባካኙ ቀድሞ አላፊ ስርዓት አዋጭ ነው ብዬ አላምንም። የተሻለው ተመጣጣኝ ውክልና ነበር። ይህ ግን ቀድሞም የይስሙላ በተባለው ድርድር፣ በፓርቲዎች አላዋቂነት ሳቢያ የማይሆን ሆኗል። ኢሕአዴግ በራሱ ፍላጎት የጀመረውን ድርድር እንደፍላጎቱ እየጨረሰው ነው።<\/p><\/div>\n

Read more ›<\/a><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,22,24],"tags":[16,17,18,19,20,21],"class_list":["post-518837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-amharic","category-amharic-news-2","category-ethiopian-news","tag-amharic","tag-amharic-news","tag-ethiopia","tag-ethiopian-news-in-amharic","tag-ethiopians","tag-news-in-amharic"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/518837","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=518837"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/518837\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=518837"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=518837"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=518837"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}