{"id":518787,"date":"2018-06-04T05:52:00","date_gmt":"2018-06-04T10:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mereja.com\/amharic\/?guid=a52282b08d41a94dc9cd36fd6cc0fa47"},"modified":"2018-06-04T05:52:00","modified_gmt":"2018-06-04T10:52:00","slug":"%e1%89%a0%e1%88%9b%e1%8a%95%e1%8a%90%e1%89%b5-%e1%88%9b%e1%8d%88%e1%8a%93%e1%89%80%e1%88%8d%e1%8a%95-%e1%8a%a5%e1%8a%95%e1%8b%b4%e1%89%b5-%e1%88%98%e1%89%80%e1%8a%90%e1%88%b5-%e1%8b%ad%e1%89%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/518787","title":{"rendered":"\u1260\u121b\u1295\u1290\u1275 \u121b\u1348\u1293\u1240\u120d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f4\u1275 \u1218\u1240\u1290\u1235 \u12ed\u127b\u120b\u120d? (\u12e8\u130d\u120d \u1325\u1246\u121b)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\n
(\u12a8\u1273\u127d \u12eb\u1235\u1240\u1218\u1325\u12b3\u1278\u12cd \u1325\u1246\u121b\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u1325\u1293\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u1220\u1228\u1271 \u12e8\u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214 \u1210\u1233\u1266\u127d \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1291 \u1260\u130d\u120d \u1275\u12dd\u1265\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u1246\u1219 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u121d\u1235\u1209 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u12e8\u12cd (\u134e\u1276: \u1274\u12ce\u12f5\u122e\u1235 \u12a0\u12eb\u120c\u12cd) \u12601977 \u12f5\u122d\u1245 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u12f0\u122d\u130d \u1244\u1208\u121d \u12c8\u1208\u130b \u12a0\u1235\u134d\u122f\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1270\u1348\u1293\u1245\u1208\u12cd \u12a0\u120b\u121b\u1323 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1299 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u121d\u1235\u1209 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1273\u12e8\u12cd \u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12ce\u1279 \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u1208\u12f1\u1275 \u12a5\u12da\u12eb\u12cd \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u12c8\u120b\u1306\u127b\u1278\u12cd \u12a5\u1293 \u12a0\u12eb\u1276\u127b\u1278\u12cd \u1293\u1278\u12cd \u12a8\u12a0\u120b\u121b\u1323 \u1290\u1260\u122d \u1244\u1208\u121d \u12c8\u1208\u130b \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1230\u134d\u1229 \u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1309\u1275\u1362)<\/span><\/div>\n

<\/span><\/div>\n
\u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u12cd\u1235\u1325 ‘\u12e8\u121b\u1295\u1290\u1275’ \u12a5\u1293 ‘\u12e8\u1265\u1214\u122d’ \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u1270\u121d\u1273\u1270\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u1265\u12d9 \u130d\u12dc \u1201\u1209\u121d \u1290\u1308\u122d ‘\u12e8\u1265\u1214\u122d \u1325\u12eb\u1244’ \u1290\u12cd\u1364 \u1218\u120d\u1231\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1298\u12cd ‘\u1260\u1265\u1214\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275’ \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u12a8\u121b\u1295\u1290\u1275 \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u12eb\u12eb\u12d8\u12cd\u1295 \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12eb\u12f5\u1260\u1230\u1265\u1230\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u12cd\u121d \u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f4 \u1265\u1214\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u127d\u130d\u1229\u1295 \u120a\u12eb\u1263\u1265\u1230\u12cd \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1362 \u12e8\u121b\u1295\u1290\u1275 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12e8\u1265\u1214\u122d \u1275\u122d\u1309\u1219\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201 \u12e8\u1270\u121d\u1273\u1273 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1271\u121d \u121b\u1295\u1290\u1275\u121d \u12ed\u1201\u1295 \u1265\u1214\u122d \u1260\u1270\u1208\u121d\u12f6 \u12e8\u121a\u1260\u12e8\u1290\u12cd \u1260\u124b\u1295\u124b \u120b\u12ed \u1270\u1218\u1225\u122d\u1276 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1260\u1270\u121d\u1273\u1273 \u1275\u122d\u1309\u121d \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u1220\u1228\u1270 \u1265\u1214\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275\u121d \u1208\u1270\u1233\u1233\u1270 \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12e8\u1270\u1233\u1233\u1270 \u1218\u120d\u1235 \u1208\u1218\u1235\u1320\u1275 \u12ed\u12f3\u122d\u130b\u120d\u1362 \u121b\u1295\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u124b\u1295\u124b \u120a\u1218\u1220\u1228\u1275 \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1364 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u124b\u1295\u124b \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1293\u1308\u1229 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e8 \u121b\u1295\u1290\u1275 \u12eb\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u130d\u1208\u1230\u1266\u127d \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u12a0\u1209\u1362 \u121b\u1295\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u1346\u1273 \u1265\u127b \u120a\u12c8\u1230\u1295 \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1362 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1260\u1346\u1273\u12ca \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u121d\u122d\u132b \u120a\u12c8\u1230\u1295 \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1362 \u1260\u1218\u120d\u12ad \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1260\u1246\u12f3 \u1240\u1208\u121d\u1362 \u12c8\u12d8\u1270\u2026 \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c \u12eb\u12ad\u120d \u1271\u1275\u1232\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u1201\u1271\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a \u1206\u1290\u12cd\u1363 \u120d\u12e9\u1290\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1218\u120d\u12ad (\u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12f5\u122d\u123b) \u1290\u12cd\u1362\u00a0<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u134c\u12f4\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121e\u127d \u12e8\u12a0\u12c8\u1243\u1240\u122d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u121d\u1295\u121d \u1262\u1218\u1235\u120d\u1363 \u12cb\u1290\u129b \u12d3\u120b\u121b\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u1265\u1214\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1276\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12cd\u1325\u1228\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u12a8\u134b\u1348\u120d \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u121b\u130b\u122b\u1275 \u121b\u122d\u1308\u1265 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12e8\u12a5\u129b\u12cd \u130d\u1295 \u12cd\u1325\u1228\u1271\u1295 \u121d\u1293\u120d\u1263\u1275\u121d \u12a0\u1263\u1265\u1236\u1273\u120d \u12a0\u120d\u12eb\u121d \u1308\u1200\u12f5 \u12a0\u12cd\u1325\u1276\u1273\u120d\u1362 \u1260\u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1271 \u1263\u12ed\u1230\u134d\u122d\u121d “\u12e8\u12a5\u1295\u1275\u1295 \u12ad\u120d\u120d\u1363 \u1208\u12a5\u1290 ‘\u12a5\u1295\u1276\u1294’" \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u133b\u1348 \u1215\u130d \u12a0\u1208\u1362 ‘\u12a5\u1295\u1276\u1294\u1290\u1275’ \u12a8\u12c8\u120b\u1306\u127d \u1260\u12f0\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u12c8\u1228\u1235 \u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201 \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u133b\u1348 \u1215\u130d \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205 \u1260\u12a5\u1295\u1275\u1295 \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12eb\u1209 \u12a8\u12a5\u1290 \u12a5\u1295\u1276\u1294 \u12cd\u132a \u12eb\u1209 \u1290\u12cb\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u1219\u1209 \u12e8\u1218\u1308\u1208\u120d\u1363 \u12e8\u1218\u1320\u1243\u1275\u1363 \u12e8\u1218\u1230\u12f0\u12f5 \u12d5\u12f5\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u1230\u134a \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u12a5\u122d\u130d\u1325 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1218\u1230\u1209 \u1325\u1243\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u1235\u12f0\u1275 \u1260\u1270\u12f0\u130b\u130b\u121a \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1241\u1275 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed \u1260\u1265\u12d9 \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u1260\u1270\u1291\u1275 \u1265\u1214\u1228\u1230\u1265 \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1362 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12ed\u1214 \u12d5\u1323 \u12eb\u120d\u1308\u1320\u1218\u12cd \u12a0\u1208 \u1208\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12ed\u12a8\u1265\u12f3\u120d\u1362 \u1263\u1208\u1348\u12cd \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u12a8\u1236\u121b\u120c \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1293\u1240\u1209\u1275 600 \u123a\u1215 \u12e8\u12a6\u122e\u121e \u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1306\u127d \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u122a\u12a8\u122d\u12f5 \u120a\u1206\u1295 \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1362 \u12ed\u1201\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12e8\u12a0\u121b\u122b \u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1306\u127d \u12e8\u1218\u1348\u1293\u1240\u120d \u12dc\u1293\u1295 \u1218\u1235\u121b\u1275\u121d \u1208\u1306\u122e \u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f3 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1362 \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u1206\u1296 \u12db\u122c \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12eb\u1209 \u12e8\u12a0\u1308\u122d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1270\u1348\u1293\u1243\u12ee\u127d \u1241\u1325\u122d 1 \u121a\u120a\u12ee\u1295 \u1270\u12a9\u120d \u1308\u12f0\u121b \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u12e8\u12d8\u12cd\u1309 \u1270\u130e\u122b\u1263\u127e\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u12a0\u1295\u12f1\u1295 \u1260\u12cd\u1283 \u12a5\u1293 \u130d\u1326\u123d\/\u12a5\u122d\u123b \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u121b\u1325\u1243\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u121b\u1348\u1293\u1240\u120d \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u1363 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1260\u1208\u1320 \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u12ca \u12a5\u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u12e8\u1218\u1323 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u121b\u1295\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u1218\u1220\u1228\u1275 \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1309 \u1218\u1348\u1293\u1240\u120e\u127d \u1260\u1270\u12a8\u1230\u1271 \u1241\u1325\u122d \u12e8\u12d8\u12cd\u1309\u1295 \u1261\u12f5\u1295 \u12a5\u12e8\u1246\u1320\u1229 \u12e8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12c8\u1308\u1295 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u1265\u127b \u121b\u1235\u1218\u1230\u1209 \u1208\u1265\u1214\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u12ed\u1260\u1305 \u12ed\u1206\u1293\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u127d\u130d\u1229\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u1245\u1228\u134d \u12a5\u121d\u1265\u12db\u121d \u12a0\u12ed\u1260\u1305\u121d\u1362 \u120d\u1265 \u1260\u1209\u1363 \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1293\u1240\u1209\u1275 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u121b\u1295\u1290\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12a5\u1235\u12a8\u1206\u1290 \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1293\u1243\u12ee\u1279\u1295 \u121b\u1295\u1290\u1275\u121d \u12ed\u1201\u1295 \u12e8\u12a0\u1348\u1293\u1243\u12ee\u1279\u1295 \u121b\u1295\u1290\u1275 \u1218\u1325\u1240\u1231 \u120b\u12ed \u127d\u130d\u122d \u12e8\u1208\u12cd\u121d\u1362 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u1208\u1265\u1214\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u1275\u122d\u134d \u1232\u1263\u120d \u1265\u127b \u1290\u1308\u1229 \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1275 \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1308 \u134d\u1325\u132b \u121b\u1235\u1218\u1230\u120d \u12a5\u1233\u1271 \u120b\u12ed \u1290\u12f3\u1305 \u121b\u122d\u12a8\u134d\u12a8\u134d \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12a8\u12da\u12eb\u121d \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u127d\u130d\u1229\u1295 \u1260\u1308\u1208\u120d\u1270\u129b \u12d3\u12ed\u1295 \u12a0\u12ed\u1270\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u12a8\u120b\u12a8\u1209\u1275 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1325\u1265\u1245\u1293 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u1246\u1219\u1208\u1275 \u12ed\u1308\u134b\u120d\u1362<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c\u1363 \u1260\u1264\u1295\u123b\u1295\u1309\u120d-\u1309\u1219\u12dd \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1240\u1260\u120c \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1293\u1240\u1209 \u12e8\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u1309\u12f3\u12ed "\u12e8\u1264\u1295\u123b\u1295\u1309\u120d-\u1309\u1219\u12dd \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12e8\u12a0\u121b\u122b\u1295 \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12a0\u1348\u1293\u1240\u1208" \u1265\u120e \u1218\u12d8\u1308\u1265 \u12e8\u1270\u1233\u1233\u1270 \u121d\u1235\u120d \u12a8\u1218\u1235\u1320\u1271\u121d \u1260\u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1271 \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u1218\u1243\u1243\u122d \u12ed\u1348\u1325\u122d\u1293 \u1260\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u1240\u1260\u120c\u12ce\u127d \u1290\u12cb\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1206\u1291 \u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u12ce\u127d\u1295\u121d \u1208\u1260\u1208\u1320 \u1325\u1243\u1275 \u120a\u12f3\u122d\u130d \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1362 \u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f4 \u1218\u1348\u1293\u1240\u120e\u1279 \u12e8\u121a\u12a8\u1230\u1271\u1275 \u1260\u1240\u1260\u120c\u12ce\u1279 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122e\u127d \u1206\u1296 \u1233\u1208\u1363 \u12e8\u1215\u12dd\u1261 \u1225\u122b \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u1235\u120e \u121b\u1245\u1228\u1261\u121d \u1290\u12cb\u122a\u12ce\u1279\u1295 \u12a8\u130e\u1228\u1264\u1276\u127b\u1278\u12cd \u130b\u122d \u121b\u1240\u12eb\u12e8\u121d \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u127d\u130d\u1229 \u12a5\u1295\u12f4\u1275 \u12ed\u1240\u1228\u134d?<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u1260\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12e8\u127d\u130d\u1229\u1295 \u121d\u1295\u132d \u1260\u12a0\u130d\u1263\u1261 \u1218\u1348\u1270\u123d \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u120b\u130a \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12cb\u1290\u129b\u12cd \u127d\u130d\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u1235\u1208\u129d \u12e8\u12a0\u1235\u1270\u1233\u1230\u1265 \u1290\u12cd\u1362\u00a0<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
1\u129b\u1363 \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u12e8\u1275\u129b\u12cd\u121d \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1305 \u1260\u12ad\u120d\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1218\u1296\u122d \u1218\u1265\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1208\u12cd \u1218\u1240\u1260\u120d\u1293 \u1218\u1265\u1271\u1295 \u121b\u1228\u130b\u1308\u1325 \u12a0\u1208\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1362<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u12e8\u1275\u129b\u12cd\u121d \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12e8\u12e8\u1275\u129b\u12cd\u121d \u1265\u1214\u1228\u1230\u1265 \u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1305 \u12e8\u130d\u120d \u1295\u1265\u1228\u1275 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1362 \u12e8\u1275\u129b\u12cd\u121d \u1265\u1214\u1228\u1230\u1265 \u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1306\u127d \u1260\u12e8\u1275\u129b\u12cd\u121d \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a8\u12e8\u1275\u129b\u12cd\u121d \u1265\u1214\u1228\u1230\u1265 \u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1305 \u12e8\u1260\u1208\u1320 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12eb\u1290\u1230 \u1218\u1265\u1275 \u12e8\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u121d\u1362 \u12e8\u12a2\u134c\u12f4\u122a \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 32\/1 "\u121b\u1295\u129b\u12cd\u121d \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12ca \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1260\u1215\u130b\u12ca \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u1200\u1308\u122a\u1277 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u129d \u12e8\u12cd\u132d \u12a0\u1308\u122d \u12dc\u130b \u1260\u1218\u1228\u1320\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u12e8\u1218\u12d8\u12cb\u12c8\u122d\u1293 \u12e8\u1218\u1296\u122a\u12eb \u1266\u1273 \u12e8\u1218\u1218\u1225\u1228\u1275\u1363" \u1218\u1265\u1275 \u12a0\u1208\u12cd \u12ed\u120b\u120d\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u12f0\u130d\u1290\u1271 \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1271 \u12a0\u12ad\u1265\u122e\u1273\u120d \u12a0\u1295\u1302 \u1263\u12eb\u12a8\u1265\u1228\u12cd\u121d \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u123b\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1325\u122e \u1215\u130d \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u1240\u122d\u1276 \u1260\u12a0\u1308\u122b\u1275 \u12f5\u1295\u1260\u122e\u127d \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u1218\u1308\u12f0\u1265 \u12a8\u1270\u1348\u1325\u122e \u1215\u130d \u12eb\u1348\u1290\u1308\u1320\u1363 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u1208\u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 (order) \u1232\u1263\u120d \u12e8\u121d\u1295\u1273\u1308\u1230\u12cd \u1215\u130d \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u12a8\u120d\u1265 \u1218\u1240\u1260\u120d \u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u130b\u120d\u1362 \u1260\u1215\u130d \u12a5\u1293 \u12f0\u1295\u1266\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1270\u1308\u1260\u122d\u1260\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u12ed\u1218\u127b\u127b\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u1260\u120d\u12e9\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u12f0\u120d\u1260\u1275\/\u12e8\u121a\u1290\u1348\u130d\u1260\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u120a\u1296\u122d \u12a0\u12ed\u1308\u1263\u121d\u1362\u00a0<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u1219 \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u121b\u12a8\u1208 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u1348\u1325\u122f\u120d\u1362 (\u1260\u134c\u12f4\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u1219 \u12a0\u12c8\u12db\u130b\u1262\u12cd \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u12a0\u12a8\u120b\u1208\u1209 \u12d8\u12cd\u130d-\u1270\u12ae\u122d \u1218\u1206\u1291 \u120b\u12ed \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12ed\u1214 \u133d\u1211\u134d \u1218\u12cb\u1245\u1229 \u1233\u12ed\u1208\u12c8\u1325 \u127d\u130d\u1229\u1295 \u1218\u1245\u1228\u134d \u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u1270\u12ae\u1228 \u1235\u1208\u1206\u1290 \u12c8\u12f0\u12db \u12cd\u12dd\u130d\u1265 \u12a0\u1295\u1308\u1263\u121d\u1362) \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122e\u127d \u1260\u12a5\u12e8\u122d\u12a8\u1291 \u1263\u1209 \u12e8\u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u12ad\u134d\u120e\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u1290\u12cb\u122a\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1241\u1325\u122d \u12a8\u130d\u121d\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12eb\u1235\u1308\u1263 \u12e8\u1265\u12d9\u1283\u1295 \u12a0\u1218\u122b\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12f5\u1200\u1323\u1295\u1295 \u1218\u1265\u1275 \u12e8\u121b\u12ad\u1260\u122d \u130d\u12f4\u1273 \u12a0\u1208\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1362 \u1265\u12d9\u1283\u1291 \u12e8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a \u12a8\u1206\u1290 \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12cd \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u12e8\u1225\u122b \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1263\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12b3 \u12e8\u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u12ad\u134d\u1209 \u12e8\u1225\u122b \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12ed\u1296\u122d\u1260\u1273\u120d\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u130d\u1295 \u1208\u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u1245\u120d\u1325\u134d\u1293 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u1218\u1265\u1275\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u12a8\u134b\u1348\u120d \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1362 \u12f5\u1200\u1323\u1291 \u12a8\u1265\u12d9\u1283\u1291 \u12d5\u12a9\u120d \u1218\u1265\u1276\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u12d5\u12f5\u120e\u127d \u120a\u1296\u122f\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u130d\u12f5 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u1215\u130b\u12ca \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u1218\u1296\u122a\u12eb \u1266\u1273 \u12e8\u121b\u130d\u1298\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1218\u1225\u122b\u1275 \u1218\u1265\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12eb\u1208\u1241\u1325\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12eb\u1208\u121b\u1295\u1290\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u1308\u12f0\u1265 \u120a\u12a8\u1260\u122d\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u12ed\u1308\u1263\u120d\u1362 \u12e8\u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122e\u127d \u12ed\u1205 \u12a0\u1228\u12f3\u12f5 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1230\u122d\u1343\u1278\u12cd \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u124b\u1228\u1320 \u12e8\u1265\u12d9\u1283\u1295 \u1218\u1308\u1293\u129b\u12ce\u127d \u12d8\u1218\u127b \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u130d\u1295\u12db\u1264 \u121b\u1235\u1260\u132b \u1225\u120d\u1320\u1293\u12ce\u127d \u120a\u1230\u1327\u1278\u12cd \u12ed\u1308\u1263\u120d\u1362 (\u1260\u1290\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295 \u120b\u12ed \u1260\u1265\u12d9 \u12ad\u120d\u120b\u12ca \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122e\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a \u1290\u12cb\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12eb\u1209 \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d\u1363 \u12a8\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u12ce\u1279 \u1241\u1325\u122d \u12eb\u1290\u1230 \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a \u12eb\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1225\u122b \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1291 \u120c\u120e\u1279 \u12e8\u1206\u1291\u1260\u1275 \u1265\u12d9 \u121d\u1233\u120c \u12a0\u1208\u1362 \u12e8\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u12ce\u1279 \u1241\u1325\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u12a0\u1230\u134b\u1348\u122d \u12a5\u1235\u12a8\u1348\u1240\u12f0 \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u120d\u12e9 \u12e8\u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u12de\u1295\u1363 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1270\u12f0\u122b\u1262 \u12e8\u1225\u122b \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u127d\u120d\u1260\u1275 \u1215\u130b\u12ca \u12a0\u130d\u1263\u1265 \u12e8\u1208\u121d\u1362)<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
2\u129b\u1363 \u12a8\u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f5 \u12ad\u120d\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u12cd\u132a \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1229 \u130d\u1208\u1230\u1266\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1229\u1260\u1275\u1295 \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1215\u130d \u12a5\u1293 \u12f0\u1295\u1266\u127d (\u134d\u1275\u1213\u12ca \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1260\u1201\u1209\u121d \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1323\u1209 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8\u1206\u1291 \u12f5\u1228\u1235) \u121b\u12ad\u1260\u122d \u12a0\u1208\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1362\u00a0<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f5 \u12a8\u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f5 \u1240\u12ec\u12a0\u1278\u12cd \u12cd\u132a \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1229 \u12dc\u130e\u127d\u1363 \u121b\u1285\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1264 \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1229\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u1208\u12f1\u1260\u1275\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1229\u1260\u1275\u1295 \u1240\u12ec \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1362 \u12ed\u1263\u1235 \u1265\u120e \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u1208\u12f1\u1260\u1275\u1363 \u12eb\u12f0\u1309\u1260\u1275\u1295 \u1240\u12ec \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u12c8\u120b\u1306\u127b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12f0\u121d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f5 \u1240\u12ec \u1246\u1325\u1228\u12cd \u1240\u12ec\u12ec \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1245\u1231 \u12a0\u1209\u1362 "\u12e8\u1294" \u12e8\u121a\u1209\u1275\u1295 \u121b\u1285\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1265 \u1218\u121d\u1228\u1325 \u12e8\u130d\u120d \u12f5\u122d\u123b\u1278\u12cd \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u134b\u12cd \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1229\u1260\u1275\u1295 \u121b\u1285\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1265 \u12e8\u121a\u1295\u1241 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u1296\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205\u129e\u1279\u1363 \u1260\u121a\u1296\u1229\u1260\u1275 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u12e8\u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u127d\u130d\u122d \u1232\u12f0\u122d\u1235\u1263\u1278\u12cd ‘\u12a0\u1264\u1275’ \u12e8\u121a\u1209\u1275 \u1208\u121a\u1296\u1229\u1260\u1275 \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u12e8\u120b\u12ed\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u1208\u1218\u1321\u1260\u1275 \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u121b\u12a8\u1208 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u12e8\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u12ad\u134d\u134d\u120d\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u130b\u134b \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12cd\u1325\u1228\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1290\u130d\u1225 \u12a0\u12ab\u1214\u12f5 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u1264\u1292\u123b\u1295\u1309\u120d-\u1309\u1219\u12dd \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1240\u1260\u120c \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122b\u12ca \u1260\u12f0\u120d \u12e8\u12f0\u1228\u1230\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u12dc\u130e\u127d\u1363 \u12a8\u12da\u12eb \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u120b\u1208\u12cd \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u134c\u12f4\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1271 \u12eb\u1218\u1208\u12ad\u1273\u1209 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u1208\u1218\u1321\u1260\u1275\/\u1208\u121a\u12c8\u1208\u12f1\u1260\u1275 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u121b\u1218\u120d\u12a8\u1275 \u12e8\u1208\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u121d\u1362\u00a0<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u12dc\u130e\u127b\u127d\u1295 \u12a0\u1308\u122d \u1208\u1240\u12cd \u1232\u12c8\u1321\u1363 \u12e8\u121a\u1240\u1260\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a0\u1308\u122d \u1263\u1215\u120d\u1293 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u12a0\u12ad\u1265\u1228\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1296\u1229 \u1201\u1209\u1363 \u1260\u12a0\u1308\u122d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a8\u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u1240\u12ec \u12c8\u12f0\u120c\u120b\u12cd \u1232\u1214\u12f1\u1363 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u1208\u121a\u1296\u1229\u1260\u1275 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u120d\u121b\u12f5 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a0\u1220\u122b\u122d (\u1218\u1220\u1228\u1273\u12ca \u1218\u1265\u1276\u127b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a5\u1235\u12ab\u120d\u1308\u1348\u1349 \u12f5\u1228\u1235) \u1270\u1308\u12e2 \u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12ed\u1296\u122d\u1263\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u12e8\u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12cd\u1295 \u12f0\u1295\u1265\u1293 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u12a0\u1208\u121b\u12ad\u1260\u122d \u12e8\u130d\u132d\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d \u12e8\u1218\u1348\u1293\u1240\u120d \u1218\u1295\u1235\u12d4 \u1235\u1208\u1206\u1290 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u1218\u12a8\u120b\u12a8\u120d\u121d \u12ed\u127b\u120b\u120d\u1362<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
3\u129b\u1363 \u1265\u1214\u122d\u1270\u129e\u127d \u1265\u1214\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u12d8\u12cd\u130d \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u12ad\u120d\u120d \u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u1233\u1230\u1261\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12c8\u1235\u1295 \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u12a0\u1208\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1362\u00a0<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u12d8\u12cd\u130d \u1265\u1214\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 (ethno-nationalism) \u12a8\u12ad\u120d\u120e\u1279 \u1225\u12eb\u121c \u12ed\u1300\u121d\u122b\u120d\u1362 \u12a0\u121b\u122b\u1363 \u1236\u121b\u120a\u1363 \u12a0\u134b\u122d\u1363 \u1210\u122b\u122a\u1363 \u1264\u1292\u123b\u1295\u1309\u120d-\u1309\u1219\u12dd \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c \u1260\u12ad\u120d\u120e\u1279 \u1260\u121a\u1296\u1228\u12cd \u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u1230\u12cd \u12d8\u12cd\u130d \u1225\u12eb\u121c \u1290\u12cd \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u1279 \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1229\u1275\u1362 \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u1260\u1270\u123b\u1208 \u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb\u1363 \u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed\u1363 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12a5\u1293 \u12f0\u1261\u1265 \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u12d0\u1243\u134a \u12a0\u1308\u120b\u1208\u133d \u12a0\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u1362 \u12ed\u1201\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12a5\u1290\u122d\u1231\u121d \u1265\u1214\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12ad\u120d\u120b\u12ca (territorial-nationalism) \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1362 \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c \u1260\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u1308\u12e2\u12cd \u1353\u122d\u1272 \u12a6\u1215\u12f4\u12f5 (\u12e8\u12a6\u122e\u121e \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u12eb\u12ca \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1275) \u12a5\u1295\u1302 "\u12e8\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d" \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u1263\u1208\u121d\u1362 \u1260\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1229\u1275 \u130d\u1295 \u12e8\u12a6\u122e\u121e \u1265\u1214\u122d \u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1306\u127d \u1265\u127b \u1263\u1208\u1218\u1206\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u12d0\u1243\u134a\u1290\u1275 \u12ed\u130e\u12f5\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u1260\u12da\u12eb\u12cd \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1270\u1243\u12cb\u121a\u12cd \u12a6\u134c\u12ae (\u12e8\u12a6\u122e\u121e \u134c\u12f4\u122b\u120a\u1235\u1275 \u12ae\u1295\u130d\u1228\u1235) \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12e8\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u12a0\u1208\u1218\u1206\u1291 \u1265\u1214\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1271 \u1260\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u12eb\u1209\u1275\u1295 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u12d8\u12cd\u130e\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12eb\u1245\u134d \u12a8\u1225\u1219 \u1300\u121d\u122e \u12a5\u1295\u1245\u134b\u1275 \u12ed\u1206\u1293\u120d\u1362 \u12e8\u120c\u120b \u12d8\u12cd\u130d \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275 \u1208\u1218\u1265\u1276\u127b\u1278\u12cd \u1208\u1218\u1273\u1308\u120d \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205\u1295 \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1276\u127d \u1218\u1240\u120b\u1208\u1240\u120d \u12a0\u12ed\u127d\u1209\u121d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u1265\u12a0\u12f4\u1295\u121d \u1270\u1218\u1233\u1233\u12ed \u127d\u130d\u122d \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121d\u1295\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1270\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u12a0\u1228\u1293 \u121d\u1295\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u130d\u1263\u122d \u1263\u12ed\u1233\u12ab\u1208\u1275\u121d \u1260\u12a0\u1235\u1270\u1233\u1230\u1265 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12ad\u120d\u120b\u12ca \u1353\u122d\u1272 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u1290\u12cb\u122a \u12a5\u1235\u12a8\u1206\u1291 \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u1275\u130d\u122b\u12cb\u12ed \u12eb\u120d\u1206\u1291 \u1230\u12ce\u127d\u121d \u12a0\u1228\u1293\u1295 \u1218\u1240\u120b\u1240\u120d \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u1209\u1362\u00a0<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u1265\u1214\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u12ad\u120d\u120b\u12ca \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u1260\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a8\u1265\u12d9\u1283\u1291 \u12d8\u12cd\u130d \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u12c8\u1208\u12f1 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12cd\u12ad\u120d\u1293 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1296\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u130b\u120d\u1362 \u1265\u12d9\u12ce\u1279 \u1218\u1348\u1293\u1240\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u12a8\u1230\u1271\u1275 \u1230\u12ce\u1279\u1295 \u12e8\u120c\u120b \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1230\u12cd \u1293\u1278\u12cd \u1265\u120e \u12a8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1265 \u1260\u1218\u1290\u1328 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u1233\u1230\u1265 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u1295 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u1218\u122d\u1320\u12cd \u1260\u1215\u130d \u12a0\u130d\u1263\u1265 \u1290\u12cb\u122a \u12a5\u1235\u12a8\u1206\u1291 \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u1218\u12c8\u12a8\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u122d\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u121a\u1296\u1229\u1260\u1275 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u1325\u1208\u12cd\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u1321\u1275 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u1208\u1260\u1275\u121d\u1362 \u1265\u1214\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12ad\u120d\u120b\u12ca \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u1290\u12cb\u122a\u12ce\u1279 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12d8\u12cd\u130d \u12cd\u1325\u1228\u1275 \u12ed\u1240\u1295\u1233\u120d\u1362 \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c \u12eb\u12ad\u120d \u1260\u12a6\u122e\u121d\u12eb \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u120b\u1209 \u12a0\u121b\u122b\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u12a0\u121b\u122b \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1265\u1214\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u1290\u12cd \u1325\u1265\u1245\u1293 \u12e8\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u1265\u1214\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1206\u1295 \u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u130b\u120d\u1362\u00a0<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
4\u129b\u1363 \u12e8\u134c\u12f4\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1271 \u12a8\u1240\u12ec \u1208\u1218\u1230\u12f0\u12f5 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12a0\u1308\u122d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u134d\u120d\u1230\u1275 \u1356\u120a\u1232 \u1218\u1245\u1228\u1345 \u12a0\u1208\u1260\u1275\u1362\u00a0<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u12f5\u121b\u1235 \u130b\u12dc\u1323 \u12e8\u1320\u12e8\u1243\u1278\u12cd \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1270\u1348\u1293\u1243\u12ed \u12c8\u12f0\u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f5 \u1218\u1295\u12f0\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u1208\u121d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121b\u12ed\u1214\u12f1 \u1232\u1293\u1308\u1229 \u12a8\u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f5 \u1240\u12eb\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u1230\u12f0\u12f1\u1275 \u12e8\u12a5\u122d\u123b \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u12a0\u1325\u1270\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u1270\u1293\u130d\u1228\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u1260\u122d\u130d\u1325\u121d \u12e8\u12a0\u1308\u122d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u134d\u120d\u1230\u1275 \u12cb\u1290\u129b\u12cd \u1218\u1295\u1235\u12d4 \u12e8\u12a5\u122d\u123b \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u1208\u120d\u1305 \u120d\u1306\u127d \u1232\u1270\u120b\u1208\u134d \u12a5\u12e8\u1320\u1260\u1260 \u1264\u1270\u1230\u1265 \u121b\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u1263\u1208\u1218\u127b\u1209 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u1260\u120c\u120b \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u1265\u12d9 \u130d\u12dc \u1260\u1218\u1273\u1228\u1231 \u1218\u122c\u1271 \u12a5\u12e8\u1290\u1320\u1348 \u122b\u1233\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u120c\u120b \u1266\u1273 \u1214\u12f0\u12cd \u121b\u1228\u1235 \u1235\u1208\u121a\u1308\u12f0\u12f1 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12a8\u1240\u12eb\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u127d\u130d\u122d \u12e8\u1348\u1208\u1231 \u12dc\u130e\u127d \u120c\u120e\u127d \u1218\u1295\u12f0\u122e\u127d \u12a5\u12e8\u1214\u12f1 \u132b\u12ab\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u1218\u1295\u1320\u122d\u1363 \u12e8\u130d\u1326\u123d \u1218\u122c\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u12cd\u1228\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u120c\u120e\u127d\u121d \u1215\u130b\u12ca \u1260\u1206\u1291\u1293 \u1263\u120d\u1206\u1291 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f6\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1240\u12ed\u1231\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u12f0\u122d \u12a8\u1214\u12f1\u1260\u1275 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u130b\u122d \u130d\u132d\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a5\u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1235\u1208\u1206\u1290\u121d \u12ed\u1205 \u127d\u130d\u122d \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1263\u1230 \u12ed\u1214\u12f5 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12a5\u12e8\u1240\u1290\u1230 \u12e8\u121a\u1214\u12f5 \u12a0\u12ed\u1218\u1235\u120d\u121d\u1362 \u1206\u1296\u121d \u12e8\u134c\u12f4\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1271 \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u12a0\u1245\u1323\u132b \u1208\u121b\u1235\u12eb\u12dd \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u127d\u120d \u1356\u120a\u1232 \u12e8\u1208\u12cd\u121d\u1362 \u127d\u130d\u1229 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u121d \u12a8\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1265\u12db\u1275 \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12eb\u12dd \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12ed\u1201\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12eb\u1208\u1349\u1275 \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u12e8\u12d5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u1275\u122b\u1295\u1235\u134e\u122d\u121c\u123d\u1295 \u12d5\u1245\u12f6\u127d \u12e8\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1265\u12db\u1275\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1270\u121d \u12ed\u1201\u1295 \u12e8\u12a0\u1308\u122d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u134d\u120d\u1230\u1275\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1270 \u12eb\u1235\u1240\u1218\u1321\u1275 \u12a0\u1245\u1323\u132b \u12e8\u1208\u121d\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u1208\u1240\u12cd\u1231 \u1218\u1263\u1263\u1235 \u1265\u127b \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u12a0\u134b\u1323\u129d \u12e8\u12a5\u122d\u121d\u1275 \u12a5\u122d\u121d\u1303 \u1218\u12cd\u1230\u12f5 \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u127b\u120d \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u1313\u120d\u1362\u00a0<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
5\u129b\u1363 \u1218\u1320\u1263\u1260\u1242\u12eb \u1348\u1295\u12f5 \u1218\u1218\u12f0\u1265\u1362<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u121d\u1295\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u12cb\u1293\u12cd \u1225\u122b \u1218\u1348\u1293\u1240\u120d\u1295 \u1218\u12a8\u120b\u12a8\u120d \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d \u12a8\u1206\u1290 \u1260\u128b\u120b\u121d \u1230\u1265\u12a0\u12ca \u12a5\u122d\u12f3\u1273 \u1208\u1270\u1348\u1293\u1243\u12ee\u1279 \u1260\u12a0\u1235\u1278\u12b3\u12ed \u120a\u12f0\u122d\u1235\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u12ed\u1308\u1263\u120d\u1362 \u1260\u1260\u1300\u1275 \u1228\u1308\u12f5 \u121d\u1295 \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1220\u122b \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u12a0\u120b\u12cd\u1245\u121d\u1362 \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u1206\u1296 \u12e8\u12d8\u1295\u12f5\u122e\u1295 \u12eb\u12ad\u120d \u12e8\u12a8\u134b \u1263\u12ed\u1206\u1295\u121d \u1218\u1348\u1293\u1240\u120d \u1260\u12a5\u12e8\u12d3\u1218\u1271 \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1230\u1270 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u12a0\u1201\u1291 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u1265\u12d9\u12ce\u1279 \u1270\u1348\u1293\u1243\u12ee\u127d \u1260\u130a\u12dc\u12eb\u12ca \u1218\u1320\u1208\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1362 \u130d\u12dc\u12eb\u12ca \u1218\u1320\u1208\u12eb\u12ce\u1279 \u1218\u1220\u1228\u1273\u12ca \u134d\u120b\u130e\u1276\u127b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1208\u121f\u121f\u120b\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12b3 \u12a0\u12ed\u127d\u1209\u121d\u1362 \u12e8\u1295\u1345\u1205\u1293 \u1218\u1320\u1260\u1242\u12eb \u12a5\u1293 \u1218\u1340\u12f3\u1303 \u1225\u134d\u122b\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u1218\u127b\u1279\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u121d\u1362 \u12a8\u121d\u130d\u1265\u1293 \u1218\u1320\u1325 \u12a5\u1325\u1228\u1271 \u1260\u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a \u1218\u1220\u1228\u1273\u12ca \u12e8\u1215\u12ad\u121d\u1293 \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120e\u1275 \u121b\u130d\u1298\u1275 \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u127d\u1209\u1260\u1275 \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u12da\u12eb \u120b\u12ed \u130a\u12dc\u12eb\u12ca \u1218\u1320\u1208\u12eb\u12ce\u1279 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1233\u12ed\u1308\u1261 \u1260\u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12cd \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u1270\u1320\u130d\u1270\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1229\u121d \u12a0\u1209\u1362 \u12a8\u127d\u130d\u1229 \u12a0\u1233\u1233\u1262\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u1343\u122d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1218\u1320\u1263\u1263\u1242\u12eb \u1260\u1300\u1275 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1225\u121d \u121b\u12d8\u130b\u1300\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1230\u1265\u12a0\u12ca \u12a5\u122d\u12f3\u1273 \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d \u1218\u120d\u1236 \u121b\u124b\u124b\u121d \u12ed\u1296\u122d\u1260\u1273\u120d\u1362\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\n
(ከታች ያስቀመጥኳቸው ጥቆማዎች በጥናት ላይ የተመሠረቱ የመፍትሔ ሐሳቦች ሳይሆኑ በግል ትዝብት የተጠቆሙ ናቸው። በምስሉ ላይ የሚታየው (ፎቶ: ቴዎድሮስ አያሌው) በ1977 ድርቅ ወቅት ደርግ ቄለም ወለጋ አስፍሯቸው የነበሩ እና አሁን ተፈናቅለው አላማጣ የሚገኙ ናቸው። በምስሉ እንደሚታየው አብዛኛዎቹ የተወለዱት እዚያው አካባቢ ሲሆን፣ ወላጆቻቸው እና አያቶቻቸው ናቸው ከአላማጣ ነበር ቄለም ወለጋ እንዲሰፍሩ የተደረጉት።)<\/span><\/div>\n

<\/span><\/div>\n
በኢትዮጵያ ፖለቲካ ውስጥ ‘የማንነት’ እና ‘የብሔር’ ፖለቲካ ወይም ጥያቄ ተምታተዋል። ብዙ ግዜ ሁሉም ነገር ‘የብሔር ጥያቄ’ ነው፤ መልሱም የሚገኘው ‘በብሔርተኝነት’ ነው የሚባለው ጉዳይ ከማንነት ጋር የተያያዘውን ጥያቄ ያድበሰብሰዋል። እንዲያውም አንዳንዴ ብሔርተኝነት ችግሩን ሊያባብሰው ይችላል። የማንነት ወይም የብሔር ትርጉሙም እንዲሁ የተምታታ ነው። ምክንያቱም ማንነትም ይሁን ብሔር በተለምዶ የሚበየነው በቋንቋ ላይ ተመሥርቶ ነው። ስለዚህም በተምታታ ትርጉም ላይ የተመሠረተ ብሔርተኝነትም ለተሳሳተ ጥያቄ የተሳሳተ መልስ ለመስጠት ይዳርጋል። ማንነት በቋንቋ ሊመሠረት ይችላል፤ ነገር ግን አንድ ቋንቋ እየተናገሩ የተለያየ ማንነት ያላቸው ግለሰቦች ወይም ሕዝቦች አሉ። ማንነት በፆታ ብቻ ሊወሰን ይችላል። ወይም ደግሞ በፆታዊ ግንኙነት ምርጫ ሊወሰን ይችላል። በመልክ ወይም በቆዳ ቀለም። ወዘተ… ለምሳሌ ያክል ቱትሲዎች እና ሁቱዎች አንድ ቋንቋ ተናጋሪ ሆነው፣ ልዩነታቸው የመልክ (እና የታሪክ ድርሻ) ነው። <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
ፌዴራሊዝሞች የአወቃቀር ስርዓታቸው ምንም ቢመስል፣ ዋነኛ ዓላማቸው በብሔርተኝነቶች መካከል ውጥረቶችን ሥልጣን በማከፋፈል እና በማጋራት ማርገብ ነው። የእኛው ግን ውጥረቱን ምናልባትም አባብሶታል አልያም ገሀድ አውጥቶታል። በሕገ መንግሥቱ ባይሰፍርም “የእንትን ክልል፣ ለእነ ‘እንቶኔ'” የሚል ያልተጻፈ ሕግ አለ። ‘እንቶኔነት’ ከወላጆች በደም የሚወረስ መሆኑም እንዲሁ ያልተጻፈ ሕግ ነው። ስለዚህ በእንትን ክልል ያሉ ከእነ እንቶኔ ውጪ ያሉ ነዋሪዎች በሙሉ የመገለል፣ የመጠቃት፣ የመሰደድ ዕድላቸው ሰፊ ነው። በእርግጥ በዚህ መሰሉ ጥቃት እና ስደት በተደጋጋሚ የሚጠቁት ሰዎች በተለይ በብዙ ክልሎች የተበተኑት ብሔረሰብ አባላት ናቸው። ነገር ግን ይሔ ዕጣ ያልገጠመው አለ ለማለት ይከብዳል። ባለፈው ዓመት ከሶማሌ የተፈናቀሉት 600 ሺሕ የኦሮሞ ተወላጆች ጉዳይ ሪከርድ ሊሆን ይችላል። ይሁን እንጂ የአማራ ተወላጆች የመፈናቀል ዜናን መስማትም ለጆሮ እንግዳ አይደለም። የሆነ ሆኖ ዛሬ በኢትዮጵያ ያሉ የአገር ውስጥ ተፈናቃዮች ቁጥር 1 ሚሊዮን ተኩል ገደማ ነው። በየዘውጉ ተጎራባቾች አንዱ አንዱን በውኃ እና ግጦሽ\/እርሻ መሬት ማጥቃት እና ማፈናቀል የነበረ፣ እና የበለጠ ፖለቲካዊ እየሆነ የመጣ ነገር ነው። ማንነትን መሠረት ያደረጉ መፈናቀሎች በተከሰቱ ቁጥር የዘውጉን ቡድን እየቆጠሩ የአንድ ወገን ጉዳይ ብቻ ማስመሰሉ ለብሔተኝነት ፖለቲካ ይበጅ ይሆናል እንጂ ችግሩን ለመቅረፍ እምብዛም አይበጅም። ልብ በሉ፣ የተፈናቀሉት ሰዎች በማንነታቸው እስከሆነ ድረስ የተፈናቃዮቹን ማንነትም ይሁን የአፈናቃዮቹን ማንነት መጥቀሱ ላይ ችግር የለውም። ነገር ግን ለብሔርተኝነት ትርፍ ሲባል ብቻ ነገሩ በሁለት ሕዝቦች መካከል የተደረገ ፍጥጫ ማስመሰል እሳቱ ላይ ነዳጅ ማርከፍከፍ ነው። ከዚያም በላይ ሰዎች ችግሩን በገለልተኛ ዓይን አይተው እንዳይከላከሉት ወይም ጥብቅና እንዳይቆሙለት ይገፋል።<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
ለምሳሌ፣ በቤንሻንጉል-ጉሙዝ ክልል አንድ ቀበሌ ውስጥ የተፈናቀሉ የአማርኛ ተናጋሪዎች ጉዳይ “የቤንሻንጉል-ጉሙዝ ሕዝብ የአማራን ሕዝብ አፈናቀለ” ብሎ መዘገብ የተሳሳተ ምስል ከመስጠቱም በተጨማሪ በሁለቱ ሕዝቦች መካከል መቃቃር ይፈጥርና በክልሉ ሌሎች ቀበሌዎች ነዋሪዎች የሆኑ አማርኛ ተናጋሪዎችንም ለበለጠ ጥቃት ሊዳርግ ይችላል። አንዳንዴ መፈናቀሎቹ የሚከሰቱት በቀበሌዎቹ አስተዳደሮች ሆኖ ሳለ፣ የሕዝቡ ሥራ አስመስሎ ማቅረቡም ነዋሪዎቹን ከጎረቤቶቻቸው ጋር ማቀያየም ነው።<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
ችግሩ እንዴት ይቀረፍ?<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
በመጀመሪያ ደረጃ የችግሩን ምንጭ በአግባቡ መፈተሽ አስፈላጊ ነው። ዋነኛው ችግር የሚመስለኝ የአስተሳሰብ ነው። <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
1ኛ፣ ክልሎች የየትኛውም ክልል ተወላጅ በክልላቸው የመኖር መብት እንዳለው መቀበልና መብቱን ማረጋገጥ አለባቸው።<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
የትኛውም ክልል የየትኛውም ብሔረሰብ ተወላጅ የግል ንብረት አይደለም። የትኛውም ብሔረሰብ ተወላጆች በየትኛውም ክልል ውስጥ ከየትኛውም ብሔረሰብ ተወላጅ የበለጠ ወይም ያነሰ መብት የላቸውም። የኢፌዴሪ ሕገ መንግሥት አንቀፅ 32\/1 “ማንኛውም ኢትዮጵያዊ ወይም በሕጋዊ መንገድ ሀገሪቷ ውስጥ የሚገኝ የውጭ አገር ዜጋ በመረጠው የአገሪቱ አካባቢ የመዘዋወርና የመኖሪያ ቦታ የመመሥረት፣” መብት አለው ይላል። ይህ ደግነቱ ሕገ መንግሥቱ አክብሮታል አንጂ ባያከብረውም የማይሻር የተፈጥሮ ሕግ ነው። በክልሎች ቀርቶ በአገራት ድንበሮች ይህንን መገደብ ከተፈጥሮ ሕግ ያፈነገጠ፣ ነገር ግን ለስርዓት (order) ሲባል የምንታገሰው ሕግ ነው። ይህንን ከልብ መቀበል ያስፈልጋል። በሕግ እና ደንቦች የሚተገበርበት መንገድ ይመቻቻል እንጂ በልዩነት የሚታደልበት\/የሚነፈግበት መንገድ ሊኖር አይገባም። <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
ፌደራሊዝሙ ያልተማከለ አስተዳደር ፈጥሯል። (በፌዴራሊዝሙ አወዛጋቢው ጉዳይ አከላለሉ ዘውግ-ተኮር መሆኑ ላይ ነው። ይሔ ጽሑፍ መዋቅሩ ሳይለወጥ ችግሩን መቅረፍ ላይ ያተኮረ ስለሆነ ወደዛ ውዝግብ አንገባም።) እነዚህ አስተዳደሮች በእየርከኑ ባሉ የአስተዳደር ክፍሎች ውስጥ የነዋሪዎችን ቁጥር ከግምት ውስጥ ያስገባ የብዙኃን አመራር እና የድሀጣንን መብት የማክበር ግዴታ አለባቸው። ብዙኃኑ የአንድ ቋንቋ ተናጋሪ ከሆነ ቋንቋው የክልሉ የሥራ ቋንቋ ባይሆን እንኳ የአስተዳደር ክፍሉ የሥራ ቋንቋ መሆን ይኖርበታል። ይህ ግን ለአስተዳደር ቅልጥፍና እንጂ መብትን ለማከፋፈል አይደለም። ድሀጣኑ ከብዙኃኑ ዕኩል መብቶች እና ዕድሎች ሊኖሯቸው የግድ ነው። በሕጋዊ መንገድ መኖሪያ ቦታ የማግኘት እና የመሥራት መብታቸው ያለቁጥራቸው ወይም ያለማንነታቸው ገደብ ሊከበርላቸው ይገባል። የአካባቢ አስተዳደሮች ይህ አረዳድ እንዲሰርፃቸው ያልተቋረጠ የብዙኃን መገናኛዎች ዘመቻ እና የግንዛቤ ማስበጫ ሥልጠናዎች ሊሰጧቸው ይገባል። (በነገራችን ላይ በብዙ ክልላዊ አስተዳደሮች ውስጥ በርካታ አማርኛ ተናጋሪ ነዋሪዎች ያሉ ቢሆንም፣ ከአማርኛ ተናጋሪዎቹ ቁጥር ያነሰ ተናጋሪ ያላቸው ቋንቋዎች የሥራ ቋንቋ ሳይሆኑ ሌሎቹ የሆኑበት ብዙ ምሳሌ አለ። የአማርኛ ተናጋሪዎቹ ቁጥር እና አሰፋፈር እስከፈቀደ ድረስ ልዩ የአስተዳደር ዞን፣ ወይም ተደራቢ የሥራ ቋንቋ መሆን የማይችልበት ሕጋዊ አግባብ የለም።)<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
2ኛ፣ ከትውልድ ክልላቸው ውጪ የሚኖሩ ግለሰቦች የሚኖሩበትን ክልል ሕግ እና ደንቦች (ፍትሓዊ ወይም በሁሉም ላይ የተጣሉ እስከሆኑ ድረስ) ማክበር አለባቸው። <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
አንዳንድ ከትውልድ ቀዬአቸው ውጪ የሚኖሩ ዜጎች፣ ማኅበረሰቤ ብለው የሚጠሩት የተወለዱበትን እንጂ የሚኖሩበትን ቀዬ አይደለም። ይባስ ብሎ የተወለዱበት፣ ያደጉበትን ቀዬ ሳይሆን የወላጆቻቸውን ደም እና የትውልድ ቀዬ ቆጥረው ቀዬዬ ብለው የሚጠቅሱ አሉ። “የኔ” የሚሉትን ማኅበረሰብ መምረጥ የግል ድርሻቸው ቢሆንም የሚያስከፋው ነገር የሚኖሩበትን ማኅበረሰብ የሚንቁ ሰዎች መኖራቸው ነው። እነዚህኞቹ፣ በሚኖሩበት አካባቢ የአስተዳደር ችግር ሲደርስባቸው ‘አቤት’ የሚሉት ለሚኖሩበት ክልል አስተዳደር የላይኛው ክፍል ሳይሆን፣ ለመጡበት ክልል አስተዳደር ነው። ይህ ያልተማከለ አስተዳደር የሥልጣን ክፍፍልን የሚጋፋ እና በክልሎች መካከል ውጥረት የሚያነግሥ አካሔድ ነው። በቤኒሻንጉል-ጉሙዝ ክልል አንድ ቀበሌ ውስጥ አስተዳደራዊ በደል የደረሰባቸው ዜጎች፣ ከዚያ በላይ ላለው አስተዳደር ወይም ፌዴራል መንግሥቱ ያመለክታሉ እንጂ ለመጡበት\/ለሚወለዱበት ክፍል ማመልከት የለባቸውም። <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
ዜጎቻችን አገር ለቀው ሲወጡ፣ የሚቀበላቸውን አገር ባሕልና ስርዓት አክብረው እንደሚኖሩ ሁሉ፣ በአገር ውስጥ ከአንዱ ቀዬ ወደሌላው ሲሔዱ፣ አዲስ ለሚኖሩበት አካባቢ ልማድ እና አሠራር (መሠረታዊ መብቶቻቸውን እስካልገፈፉ ድረስ) ተገዢ መሆን ይኖርባቸዋል። የአካባቢውን ደንብና ስርዓት አለማክበር የግጭት እንዲሁም የመፈናቀል መንስዔ ስለሆነ በዚህ መንገድ መከላከልም ይቻላል።<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
3ኛ፣ ብሔርተኞች ብሔርተኝነት በዘውግ ሳይሆን በክልል ላይ አስተሳሰቡን እንዲወስን ማድረግ አለባቸው። <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
ይህ የዘውግ ብሔርተኝነት (ethno-nationalism) ከክልሎቹ ሥያሜ ይጀምራል። አማራ፣ ሶማሊ፣ አፋር፣ ሐራሪ፣ ቤኒሻንጉል-ጉሙዝ ክልሎች ለምሳሌ በክልሎቹ በሚኖረው አብዛኛው ሰው ዘውግ ሥያሜ ነው ክልሎቹ የሚጠሩት። ከዚህ በተሻለ ኦሮሚያ፣ ትግራይ፣ ጋምቤላ እና ደቡብ ሕዝቦች ዐቃፊ አገላለጽ አላቸው። ይሁን እንጂ እነርሱም ብሔርተኝነታቸው ክልላዊ (territorial-nationalism) አይደለም። ለምሳሌ በኦሮሚያ ገዢው ፓርቲ ኦሕዴድ (የኦሮሞ ሕዝቦች ዴሞክራሲያዊ ድርጅት) እንጂ “የኦሮሚያ ሕዝቦች” አልተባለም። በኦሮሚያ የሚኖሩት ግን የኦሮሞ ብሔር ተወላጆች ብቻ ባለመሆናቸው ዐቃፊነት ይጎድለዋል። በዚያው ክልል ተቃዋሚው ኦፌኮ (የኦሮሞ ፌዴራሊስት ኮንግረስ) ነው። የኦሮሚያ አለመሆኑ ብሔርተኝነቱ በክልሉ ያሉትን ሌሎች ዘውጎች እንዳያቅፍ ከሥሙ ጀምሮ እንቅፋት ይሆናል። የሌላ ዘውግ አባላት ለመብቶቻቸው ለመታገል እነዚህን ድርጅቶች መቀላለቀል አይችሉም ማለት ነው። በብአዴንም ተመሳሳይ ችግር ነው የምንመለከተው። በትግራይ አረና ምንም እንኳን በተግባር ባይሳካለትም በአስተሳሰብ ደረጃ ክልላዊ ፓርቲ ነው። የክልሉ ነዋሪ እስከሆኑ ድረስ ትግራዋይ ያልሆኑ ሰዎችም አረናን መቀላቀል ይችላሉ። <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
ብሔርተኝነትን ክልላዊ ማድረግ በክልሉ ውስጥ ከብዙኃኑ ዘውግ ያልተወለዱ ሰዎች በክልሉ ውስጥ ውክልና እንዲኖራቸው ያደርጋል። ብዙዎቹ መፈናቀሎች የሚከሰቱት ሰዎቹን የሌላ ክልል ሰው ናቸው ብሎ ከሚያስብ በመነጨ አስተሳሰብ ነው። ነገር ግን ሰዎች አንድን አካባቢ መርጠው በሕግ አግባብ ነዋሪ እስከሆኑ ድረስ መወከል የሚኖርባቸው በሚኖሩበት አካባቢ እንጂ ጥለውት በመጡት አካባቢ መሆን የለበትም። ብሔርተኝነት ክልላዊ ሲሆን በነዋሪዎቹ መካከል ያለውን የዘውግ ውጥረት ይቀንሳል። ለምሳሌ ያክል በኦሮምያ ክልል ላሉ አማራዎች የአማራ ክልል ብሔርተኝነት ነው ጥብቅና የኦሮሚያ ብሔርተኝነት እንዲሆን ያደርጋል። <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
4ኛ፣ የፌዴራል መንግሥቱ ከቀዬ ለመሰደድ እና የአገር ውስጥ ፍልሰት ፖሊሲ መቅረፅ አለበት። <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
አዲስ አድማስ ጋዜጣ የጠየቃቸው አንድ ተፈናቃይ ወደትውልድ መንደራቸው ለምን እንደማይሔዱ ሲናገሩ ከትውልድ ቀያቸው የተሰደዱት የእርሻ መሬት አጥተው እንደሆነ ተናግረዋል። በርግጥም የአገር ውስጥ ፍልሰት ዋነኛው መንስዔ የእርሻ መሬት ለልጅ ልጆች ሲተላለፍ እየጠበበ ቤተሰብ ማስተዳደር ባለመቻሉ ሲሆን፣ በሌላ በኩል ብዙ ግዜ በመታረሱ መሬቱ እየነጠፈ ራሳቸውን ለማስተዳደር ሌላ ቦታ ሔደው ማረስ ስለሚገደዱ ነው። እነዚህ ከቀያቸው በችግር የፈለሱ ዜጎች ሌሎች መንደሮች እየሔዱ ጫካዎችን በመመንጠር፣ የግጦሽ መሬቶችን በመውረር እና በሌሎችም ሕጋዊ በሆኑና ባልሆኑ መንገዶች የሚቀይሱት መንደር ከሔዱበት አካባቢ ሰዎች ጋር ግጭት ውስጥ እየከተታቸው ነው። ስለሆነም ይህ ችግር እየተባባሰ ይሔድ እንደሆነ እንጂ እየቀነሰ የሚሔድ አይመስልም። ሆኖም የፌዴራል መንግሥቱ ይህንን ጉዳይ አቅጣጫ ለማስያዝ የሚያስችል ፖሊሲ የለውም። ችግሩ አንድም ከሕዝብ ብዛት ጋር የሚያያዝ ነው። ይሁን እንጂ ያለፉት ሁለት የዕድገት እና ትራንስፎርሜሽን ዕቅዶች የሕዝብ ብዛትን በተመለከተም ይሁን የአገር ውስጥ ፍልሰትን በተመለከተ ያስቀመጡት አቅጣጫ የለም። ይህ ለቀውሱ መባባስ ብቻ ሳይሆን አፋጣኝ የእርምት እርምጃ መውሰድ እንኳን እንዳይቻል አድርጓል። <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
5ኛ፣ መጠባበቂያ ፈንድ መመደብ።<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
ምንም እንኳን ዋናው ሥራ መፈናቀልን መከላከል ቢሆንም ከሆነ በኋላም ሰብአዊ እርዳታ ለተፈናቃዮቹ በአስቸኳይ ሊደርስላቸው ይገባል። በበጀት ረገድ ምን እየተሠራ እንደሆነ አላውቅም። የሆነ ሆኖ የዘንድሮን ያክል የከፋ ባይሆንም መፈናቀል በእየዓመቱ እየተከሰተ ነው። በአሁኑ ወቅት ብዙዎቹ ተፈናቃዮች በጊዜያዊ መጠለያዎች ውስጥ ናቸው። ግዜያዊ መጠለያዎቹ መሠረታዊ ፍላጎቶቻቸውን ለሟሟላት እንኳ አይችሉም። የንፅህና መጠበቂያ እና መፀዳጃ ሥፍራዎች አልተመቻቹላቸውም። ከምግብና መጠጥ እጥረቱ በተጨማሪ መሠረታዊ የሕክምና አገልግሎት ማግኘት የማይችሉበት ሁኔታ ውስጥ ናቸው። በዚያ ላይ ጊዜያዊ መጠለያዎቹ ውስጥ ሳይገቡ በአካባቢው ሰዎች ተጠግተው የሚኖሩም አሉ። ከችግሩ አሳሳቢነት አንፃር መንግሥት መጠባባቂያ በጀት በዚህ ሥም ማዘጋጀት እና የሰብአዊ እርዳታ ማድረግ እንዲሁም መልሶ ማቋቋም ይኖርበታል። <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Read more ›<\/a><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,22,24],"tags":[16,17,18,19,20,21],"class_list":["post-518787","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-amharic","category-amharic-news-2","category-ethiopian-news","tag-amharic","tag-amharic-news","tag-ethiopia","tag-ethiopian-news-in-amharic","tag-ethiopians","tag-news-in-amharic"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/518787","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=518787"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/518787\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=518787"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=518787"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=518787"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}