{"id":518763,"date":"2018-08-01T09:04:00","date_gmt":"2018-08-01T14:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mereja.com\/amharic\/?guid=5be19ba3c1892773c71434b6554cddec"},"modified":"2018-08-01T09:04:00","modified_gmt":"2018-08-01T14:04:00","slug":"%e1%8b%a8%e1%89%b5%e1%8c%8d%e1%88%ab%e1%8b%ad-%e1%8d%96%e1%88%88%e1%89%b2%e1%8a%ab-%e1%8a%a5%e1%8a%95%e1%8b%b0%e1%88%9d%e1%8a%95-%e1%8b%88%e1%8b%b0%e1%8b%b3%e1%88%ad-%e1%8a%a0%e1%8c%88%e1%88%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/518763","title":{"rendered":"\u12e8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121d\u1295 \u12c8\u12f0\u12f3\u122d \u12a0\u1308\u122d \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u1270\u1308\u134b?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1225\u122d\u12c8 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1218\u1290\u123b \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u1209 (core state \u12e8\u121a\u1209\u1275) \u1230\u121c\u1295 \u120b\u12ed \u1290\u1260\u122d – \u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d\u1362 \u1240\u1235 \u1260\u1240\u1235 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12f0\u1261\u1265 \u12a5\u12eb\u1348\u1308\u1348\u1308 \u126019\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u121b\u1308\u1263\u12f0\u1303 \u120b\u12ed \u1238\u12cb \u120b\u12ed \u12a8\u1275\u121e \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u12db\u122c \u12d8\u120d\u124b\u120d\u1362 <\/span>‘\u12e8\u12db\u122c\u12ea\u1271 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb’ \u1260\u12a0\u1201\u1291 \u1245\u122d\u1345\u12cb \u12e8\u1270\u1220\u122b\u127d\u12cd \u126019\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u1208\u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u121b\u1308\u1263\u12f0\u1303 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 <\/span>\u12a8\u12db\u122c\u12ea\u1271 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u127d\u12cd ‘\u1273\u122a\u12ab\u12ca\u1277 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb’ \u1290\u127d\u1362 \u1273\u122a\u12ab\u12ca\u1277 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u120c\u120e\u1279 \u12e8\u12d3\u1208\u121b\u127d\u1295 \u1325\u1295\u1273\u12ca \u12a0\u1308\u122b\u1275 \u1201\u1209\u1363 \u12f5\u1295\u1260\u122d \u12a0\u120d\u1290\u1260\u122b\u1275\u121d – \u12e8\u1270\u1345\u12d5\u1296 \u12a0\u12f5\u121b\u1235 \u12a5\u1295\u1302\u1362  \u12e8\u1270\u1345\u12d5\u1296 \u12a0\u12f5\u121b\u1237 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u12a5\u1293 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1290\u130b\u1239 \u12a0\u1245\u121d \u1232\u1230\u134b\u1293 \u1232\u1320\u1265 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u12a8\u1228\u1218\u12cd\u1362 <\/span><\/p>\n
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<\/span>\u1273\u122a\u12ab\u12ca\u1277 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u122d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u12ce\u127d <\/span>\u1260\u12cb\u1290\u129d\u1290\u1275<\/span> \u12e8\u121a\u12d8\u12cd\u122f\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u1228\u127d\u1362 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed \u126019\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1218\u1263\u127b \u12c8\u12f2\u1205 \u12eb\u1208\u127d\u12cd \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1271 \u1349\u12ad\u12ad\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u121b\u1218\u127b\u1218\u127d (compromise) \u1290\u1260\u122d \u12e8\u1246\u1218\u127d\u12cd\u1362 \u12f3\u130d\u121b\u12ca \u121d\u1292\u120d\u12ad \u12f0\u1261\u1261\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u121d\u1225\u122b\u1241\u1295 \u12e8\u12db\u122c\u12ea\u1271 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12a0\u12ab\u120d \u1263\u12f0\u1228\u1309\u1260\u1275 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u1241\u1325\u122d \u12a8\u1275\u130d\u122d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u12ce\u1279 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a8\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u12ce\u1279 \u12e8\u121a\u1260\u120d\u1321 \u12a6\u122e\u121e\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u12a0\u1308\u1228 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1271 \u12a0\u12ab\u120d \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1365 \u12a6\u122e\u121d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u12a8\u1290\u1260\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u1270\u1240\u1293\u1243\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u1260\u1208\u1320 \u1283\u12ed\u120d \u12a0\u130d\u129d\u1270\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u12ad\u1235\u1270\u1275 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1295 \u1226\u1235\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1270\u134e\u12ab\u12ab\u122a \u12a5\u1295\u12f5\u1273\u1308\u129d \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u1313\u1273\u120d\u1362 (\u12ed\u1205 \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u130d\u1295 \u12a8\u12da\u12eb \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u12a6\u122e\u121e\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u12a0\u1308\u1228 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1271 \u12a0\u12ab\u120d \u12a0\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1229\u121d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1364 \u1238\u12cb \u1240\u12f5\u121e\u12cd\u1295\u121d \u1245\u12ed\u1325 \u12a8\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u1263\u123b\u1308\u122d\u1363 \u126016\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 ‘\u1273\u120b\u1241 \u12e8\u12a6\u122e\u121e \u134d\u120d\u1230\u1275’ \u12e8\u12a6\u122e\u121d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u1230\u121c\u1291\u1295 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u1270\u1240\u120b\u1245\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u12e8\u12c8\u120e\u1293 \u12e8\u1301 \u12a6\u122e\u121e \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12a8\u129e\u127d\u1295 \u12a0\u134d\u122d\u1277\u120d\u1362 \u1260\u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12c8\u12f0\u128b\u120b \u1260\u1290\u130e\u12f5\u1295 \u1241\u1325\u122d \u1273\u122a\u12a9 \u12ed\u1208\u12cb\u12c8\u1323\u120d\u1364 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205 \u122d\u1240\u1295 \u1263\u1295\u1214\u12f5 \u1325\u1229 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12e8\u12da\u1205 \u133d\u1211\u134d \u12d3\u120b\u121b\u121d \u12db\u122c\u1295 \u1260\u121a\u132b\u1291 \u12e8\u1245\u122d\u1265 \u130a\u12dc \u1273\u122a\u12ab\u12ca \u1218\u1240\u1293\u1240\u1296\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u121b\u1270\u12ae\u122d \u1265\u127b \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u12cd\u121d \u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u134e\u12ab\u12ab\u122a \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u12e8\u1290\u1320\u1209 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12a9\u1290\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u1218\u1208\u12e8\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1362)<\/span>
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<\/span>\u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b (\u1263\u1215\u122d \u121d\u120b\u1238) \u12e8\u1323\u120d\u12eb\u1295 \u1245\u129d \u130d\u12db\u1275 \u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12cb\u12e9\u1295 \u1241\u1325\u122d \u1260\u130d\u121b\u123d \u1262\u1240\u1295\u1230\u12cd\u121d \u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1218\u1290\u123b \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120d \u1260\u1218\u1290\u1260\u122f \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12e8\u1218\u1210\u120d \u12a0\u1308\u122d \u12e8\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1349\u12ad\u12ad\u1229 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1270\u1345\u12d5\u1296\u12cb \u1233\u12ed\u1240\u1295\u1235 \u12a8\u122d\u121f\u120d\u1362 \u1260\u12f3\u130d\u121b\u12ed \u121d\u1292\u120d\u12ad \u1230\u12d0\u1275 \u1275\u120d\u1241 \u1283\u12ed\u120d \u12a5\u1293 \u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1238\u12cb \u120b\u12ed \u1270\u12a8\u121b\u127d\u1276 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228 \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d\u1363 \u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u12a5\u1293 \u12f0\u1261\u1261\u121d \u1260\u12e8\u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u1295\u1309\u1221 \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u1230\u1290 \u1290\u133b\u1290\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u1240\u12f3\u121b\u12ca \u1283\u12ed\u1208\u1225\u120b\u1234 (\u1240\u1283\u1225) \u130d\u12dc \u130d\u1295 \u12e8\u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u1201\u1209 \u12a8\u1235\u1218\u12cd \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120b\u12ca\u1290\u1275 \u1230\u1348\u1290\u1362 \u1240\u1283\u1225 \u12e8\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1218\u1235\u1205\u1261\u1295 \u1201\u1209 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u120b\u12ed – \u1260\u1218\u12f3\u134b\u1278\u12cd \u1225\u122d \u12a0\u1296\u1229\u1275\u1362 <\/span>
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<\/span>\u12f0\u122d\u130d\u121d \u12e8\u1240\u1320\u1208\u1260\u1275 \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1291 \u12e8\u1240\u1283\u1225 \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u12e8\u1270\u121b\u12a8\u1208 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u12ca \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u1232\u1218\u1323 \u121d\u1295\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u1260\u134c\u12f4\u122b\u120d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u12e8\u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120b\u12ca \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1271\u1295 \u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1260\u1215\u130d (de jure) \u1208\u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u1262\u12eb\u12a8\u134b\u134d\u120d\u121d \u1260\u1270\u130d\u1263\u122d (de facto) \u1275\u120d\u1241 \u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120b\u12ca \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1271 \u1241\u1325\u1325\u122d \u1225\u122d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 \u12e8\u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u12eb\u12ca \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120b\u12ca\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u12a5\u1305 \u12a0\u12d9\u122d \u12e8\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1291\u1295 \u1241\u1325\u1325\u122d \u1208\u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u1348\u120b\u132d \u1246\u122b\u132e\u1279 \u1275\u1215\u1290\u130d\u12a6\u127d (TPLFs) \u1235\u120b\u130e\u1293\u1340\u1348 \u1218\u1250\u1208\u1295 \u12a8\u12a0\u122b\u1275 \u12aa\u120e \u12eb\u120b\u1290\u1230 \u1263\u1208 \u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u1313\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 <\/span>
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<\/span>\u12e8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12a8\u129e\u127d \u12e8\u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120b\u12ca \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u12cd\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u1246\u1323\u1320\u122d \u1263\u12f0\u1228\u1309\u1275 \u1275\u130d\u120d\u1365 \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1275\u130d\u122b\u12cb\u12ee\u127d \u12f5\u130b\u134d \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u120d\u1313\u1278\u12cd \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 <\/span>\u12ed\u1201\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12e8\u1275\u1215\u1290\u130d \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u1262\u12eb\u1295\u1235 \u1260\u1215\u130d \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1320\u1293\u12ad\u122d \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291 \u1218\u120d\u1236 \u122b\u1231\u1295 \u1260\u120d\u1276\u1273\u120d\u1362 \u1240\u12f5\u121e \u12eb\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1229 \u12e8\u12a6\u122e\u121d\u12eb \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12a0\u121b\u122b \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u1263\u1208\u1349\u1275 \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u12d0\u1225\u122d\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12e8\u122b\u1233\u1278\u12cd \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u12ca \u1218\u12cb\u1245\u122d\u1363 \u12e8\u122b\u1233\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1340\u1325\u1273 \u1283\u12ed\u120d \u12a5\u1293 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122b\u12ca \u1218\u12cb\u1245\u122e\u127d \u12d8\u122d\u130d\u1270\u12cd \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f5 \u1232\u12eb\u1233\u120d\u1349 \u12e8\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1241\u1325\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12ad\u120d \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12ed\u12d8\u12cd \u1270\u1290\u1231\u1362 \u12e8\u1275\u1215\u1290\u130d \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u134c\u12f4\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u1219\u1295 \u1345\u1295\u1230 \u1210\u1233\u1265 \u1232\u1290\u12f5\u1349 \u12c8\u1245\u1273\u12ca \u12e8\u1260\u120b\u12ed\u1290\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12d8\u120b\u1242 \u12cd\u1324\u1271\u1295 \u12e8\u1320\u1228\u1320\u1229 \u12a0\u12ed\u1218\u1235\u1208\u129d\u121d\u1362 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12f3\u122d \u12e8\u1218\u1308\u134b\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12cd\u1324\u1275 \u1218\u1240\u1260\u120d \u1232\u12eb\u12f3\u130d\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u121b\u12e8\u1274 \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u12a0\u120d\u12a9 \u12a5\u1295\u1302\u1365 \u121d\u1293\u120d\u1263\u1275 \u1232\u1300\u121d\u1229\u1275 \u12a0\u130d\u1263\u1265 \u1290\u12cd \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u12a0\u121d\u1290\u12cd\u1260\u1275\u121d \u120a\u1206\u1295 \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1362 \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u1206\u1296 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1260\u130d\u120d\u133d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121d\u1293\u1235\u1270\u12cd\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u12a6\u122e\u121e \u12a5\u1293 \u12a0\u121b\u122b \u1325\u121d\u1228\u1275 \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275\u1295 \u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1270\u1246\u1293\u1325\u1327\u120d\u1362 \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u1218\u1240\u120d\u1260\u1235 \u12e8\u121a\u127d\u120d \u1283\u12ed\u120d \u1260\u1245\u122d\u1265 \u130d\u12dc \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u1323 \u12a0\u12ed\u1218\u1235\u1208\u129d\u121d\u1362<\/span>
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<\/span>\u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ab\u12ca\u1277 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u130d\u12db\u1270 \u12d0\u1344 \u12a8\u1270\u1218\u1220\u1228\u1270\u1260\u1275 \u130d\u12dc \u1300\u121d\u122e \u12a0\u1238\u1293\u134a\u12cd \u1270\u1238\u1293\u134a\u12cd\u1295 \u12a5\u12e8\u12cb\u1320 \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u12f0\u1228\u1230\u12cd \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12a0\u1308\u1228 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275\u1365 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u121d\u12d5\u122b\u134d \u120b\u12ed \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u12f6\u1293\u120d\u12f5 \u120c\u126a\u1295 \u12a0\u1308\u120b\u1208\u133d \u1260\u12a0\u121b\u122b\u12cd \u12a0\u1295\u1265\u122e (thesis) \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u12a6\u122e\u121e\u12cd \u1270\u1343\u122d\u122e (anti-thesis) \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1290\u1263\u127d\u12cd ‘\u1273\u120b\u124b \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb’ (\u12e8\u12db\u122c\u12ea\u1271 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1265\u12ec \u1290\u12cd \u12a5\u1294 \u12e8\u121d\u1228\u12f3\u12cd) \u12e8\u12c8\u1275\u122e \u12e8\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1270\u1240\u1293\u1243\u129e\u1279\u1295 (\u12e8\u1275\u130d\u122d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u12ce\u1279\u1295) \u12a8\u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120b\u12ca\u12cd \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1308\u1208\u120d \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u130e\u1363 \u1270\u1228\u129b \u12a5\u1293 <\/span>\u12cb\u1290\u129b<\/span> \u12d8\u12cb\u122a\u12ce\u1279 \u1201\u1208\u1271 \u12f5\u121d\u122d \u1265\u12d9\u1283\u1295\u1363 \u121b\u1208\u1275\u121d \u12e8\u12a6\u122e\u121d\u129b \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12a0\u1295\u130d\u1227\u120d\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u1208\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u1262\u1328\u1293\u1308\u134d \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u1208\u12a0\u1308\u122b\u12ca \u1240\u12cd\u1235 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a0\u1208\u1218\u1228\u130b\u130b\u1275 \u12ed\u12f3\u122d\u130b\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12a0\u12ed\u1340\u1293\u121d\u1362 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u12e8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u12e8\u12f3\u122d \u12a0\u1308\u122d \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u12cd \u1260\u121a\u12a8\u1270\u1209\u1275 \u1226\u1235\u1275 \u12cb\u1293 \u12cb\u1293 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1276\u127d \u1290\u12cd\u1366 \u12a0\u1295\u12f0\u129b \u12e8\u1218\u1293\u1308\u123b \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cd \u12a8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u1270\u1290\u1245\u120e \u12c8\u12f0 \u12f0\u1261\u1265 \u1260\u1218\u1313\u12dd \u1260\u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b \u1238\u12cb \u120b\u12ed \u1218\u1345\u1293\u1271 \u1302\u12a6\u130d\u122b\u134a\u12eb\u12ca \u134b\u12ed\u12f3\u12cb\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u1240\u1290\u1231\u1363 \u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1245\u129d \u1218\u1308\u12db\u1275 \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u122d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u12cd\u1295 \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1241\u1325\u122d \u1218\u1240\u1290\u1231 \u12a5\u1293 \u1226\u1235\u1270\u129b \u1260\u134c\u12f4\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u1219 \u12e8\u12a6\u122e\u121d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u134b\u1348\u1209 \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12a0\u1308\u122e\u127d \u1270\u1240\u120b\u1245\u1208\u12cd \u1265\u12d9 \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12e8\u12eb\u12d9 (\u12a5\u1293 \u1218\u12f0\u122b\u12f0\u122a\u12eb \u12e8\u1206\u1293\u1278\u12cd) \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u1218\u1348\u1320\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1362 \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121d\u1293\u12e8\u12cd \u1260\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u12c8\u12f0\u12f3\u122d \u1218\u1308\u134b\u1275 \u12e8\u1275\u1215\u1290\u130d \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u12e8\u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b\u12cd\u1295 \u1218\u12cb\u132e \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u1309\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 <\/span>
<\/span>
<\/span>\u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1260\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1265\u12db\u1275 \u1226\u1235\u1270\u129b \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1299\u1275 \u1236\u121b\u120a\u12ce\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1362 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121d\u1293\u1235\u1270\u12cd\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u1236\u121b\u120a \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u12a8\u130a\u12dc \u12c8\u12f0\u130a\u12dc \u1218\u12f0 \u1218\u1210\u120d (mainstream) \u12a5\u12e8\u1218\u1323 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u1270\u1243\u122b\u1292\u12cd \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u12a8\u1218\u1210\u120d \u12c8\u12f0 \u12f3\u122d (periphery) \u12a5\u12eb\u1348\u1308\u1348\u1308 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205 \u1260\u1218\u132a\u12ce\u1279 \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u1226\u1235\u1275 \u12d0\u1225\u122d\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u122d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u1270\u1345\u12d5\u1296 \u12a5\u12e8\u1240\u1290\u1230 \u12e8\u1218\u1214\u12f5 \u12d5\u12f5\u1209 \u1260\u1323\u121d \u1230\u134a \u1290\u12cd\u1364 \u12a8\u1275\u130d\u122d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12ed\u120d\u1245 \u1236\u121b\u120a\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12c8\u12f0 \u1218\u1210\u120d \u12ed\u1240\u122d\u1263\u1209\u1362 \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u12eb\u12ca \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u134d\u1295 \u12a8\u1206\u1290 \u1260\u1265\u12d9\u1283\u1295 \u12a0\u1218\u122b\u122d (majority rule) \u1218\u122d\u1215 \u1275\u120d\u1241\u1295 \u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1246\u1323\u1320\u1229\u1275 \u12e8\u12a6\u122e\u121d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u1325\u121d\u1228\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u134c\u12f4\u122b\u120d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1271 \u1245\u122d\u1345 \u1262\u1240\u12eb\u12e8\u122d\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12e8 \u1218\u120d\u12a9\u121d \u1262\u1206\u1295 \u1218\u1240\u1320\u1209 \u12a0\u12ed\u1240\u122d\u121d\u1362 <\/span>
<\/span>
<\/span>\u1260\u120c\u120b \u1260\u12a9\u120d\u1363 \u12e8\u12a6\u122e\u121d\u129b \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u12ce\u1279 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1325\u121d\u1228\u1275 \u1208\u1218\u1218\u1225\u1228\u1275 \u1218\u1235\u121b\u121b\u1275 \u1262\u12eb\u1245\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u121d \u12e8\u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b\u12ce\u1279 \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u130d\u1295\u1263\u122e\u127d (frontiers) \u12a5\u1290\u122d\u1231 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u12f3\u122d \u12a0\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u130b\u122d \u1260\u121b\u134d\u122b\u1275 \u1260\u1348\u1228\u1243 \u1309\u120d\u1205 (dominant) \u12f5\u122d\u123b \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u1321 \u12ed\u1240\u1325\u120b\u1209\u1362 \u12a8\u1201\u1208\u1271 \u1218\u1210\u120d \u12eb\u120d\u12c8\u1321 \u1261\u12f5\u1296\u127d \u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1246\u1323\u1320\u1229\u1260\u1275 \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u1320\u1263\u1265 \u12d5\u12f5\u120d \u1262\u1296\u122d\u121d\u1365 \u12e8\u1201\u1208\u1271\u1295 \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u134d\u120b\u130e\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u1260\u121b\u1235\u1270\u1293\u1308\u12f5 \u12ed\u1320\u1218\u12f3\u1209\u1362 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12a0\u1308\u1228 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12d5\u1323 \u1348\u1295\u1273 \u130d\u1295 \u12e8\u1201\u1208\u1271 \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u134d\u120b\u130e\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12cd\u1233\u1294 \u12c8\u12f2\u12eb \u12c8\u12f2\u1205 \u12a5\u12eb\u120b\u130b\u12cd \u1208\u1228\u12e5\u121d \u130d\u12dc \u1218\u1313\u12d9 \u12a0\u12ed\u1240\u122d\u121d\u1362<\/span>

<\/span>\u12e8\u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u12ad\u1348\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1293\u1275 \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u12ca \u1212\u12f0\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u1201\u1291 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u123d\u130d\u130d\u122d \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u1270\u1235\u1270\u12cd\u120f\u120d\u1362 \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12a8\u129e\u127d \u12e8\u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122b\u12ca \u12a0\u1245\u121b\u1278\u12cd\u121d \u12ed\u1201\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u121b\u1235\u1348\u122b\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1201\u1208\u1271\u1295 \u1265\u12d9\u1283\u1295 \u1325\u121d\u1228\u1275 \u121b\u1238\u1290\u134d \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u127b\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u121d\u1362 \u1208\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12a8\u129e\u127d \u123d\u1295\u1348\u1275 \u12e8\u1275\u1215\u1290\u130d \u122b\u1235\u1295 \u1260\u122b\u1235 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1320\u134b \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u12e8\u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u1275\u122d \u12a0\u1233\u122d\u134f\u120d\u1362 \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u12a5\u12cd\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u130b\u1348\u1325 \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u129e\u127d \u1290\u1263\u1229\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u1210\u120d \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12a8\u129b \u12a0\u1328\u12cb\u12c8\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u1240\u12e8\u122d \u12e8\u12f3\u122d \u12a0\u1308\u122d \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u1218\u132b\u12c8\u1275 \u12ed\u1296\u122d\u1263\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1362 <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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የኢትዮጵያ ሥርወ መንግሥት መነሻ ማዕከሉ (core state የሚሉት) ሰሜን ላይ ነበር – አክሱም። ቀስ በቀስ ወደ ደቡብ እያፈገፈገ በ19ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን ማገባደጃ ላይ ሸዋ ላይ ከትሞ እስከ ዛሬ ዘልቋል። <\/span>‘የዛሬዪቱ ኢትዮጵያ’ በአሁኑ ቅርፅዋ የተሠራችው በ19ኛው ክፍለዘመን ማገባደጃ ነው። <\/span>ከዛሬዪቱ ኢትዮጵያ በፊት የነበረችው ‘ታሪካዊቷ ኢትዮጵያ’ ነች። ታሪካዊቷ ኢትዮጵያ እንደሌሎቹ የዓለማችን ጥንታዊ አገራት ሁሉ፣ ድንበር አልነበራትም – የተፅዕኖ አድማስ እንጂ።  የተፅዕኖ አድማሷ ደግሞ እንደ ጊዜው እና እንደ ነጋሹ አቅም ሲሰፋና ሲጠብ ነው የከረመው። <\/span><\/p>\n
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<\/span>ታሪካዊቷ ኢትዮጵያ የአማርኛ ተናጋሪዎች እና የትግርኛ ተናጋሪዎች <\/span>በዋነኝነት<\/span> የሚዘውሯት ነበረች። በተለይ በ19ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን መባቻ ወዲህ ያለችው ኢትዮጵያ በሁለቱ ፉክክር እና ማመቻመች (compromise) ነበር የቆመችው። ዳግማዊ ምኒልክ ደቡቡን እና ምሥራቁን የዛሬዪቱ ኢትዮጵያ አካል ባደረጉበት ወቅት ግን በቁጥር ከትግርኛ ተናጋሪዎቹ እና ከአማርኛ ተናጋሪዎቹ የሚበልጡ ኦሮሞዎች የአገረ መንግሥቱ አካል በመሆናቸው፥ ኦሮምኛ ተናጋሪዎች በፊት ከነበራቸው ተቀናቃኝነት የበለጠ ኃይል አግኝተዋል። ይህ ክስተት ኢትዮጵያን ሦስተኛ የሥልጣን ተፎካካሪ እንድታገኝ አድርጓታል። (ይህ ማለት ግን ከዚያ በፊት ኦሮሞዎች የአገረ መንግሥቱ አካል አልነበሩም ማለት አይደለም፤ ሸዋ ቀድሞውንም ቅይጥ ከመሆኑም ባሻገር፣ በ16ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን ‘ታላቁ የኦሮሞ ፍልሰት’ የኦሮምኛ ተናጋሪዎች ሰሜኑን የኢትዮጵያ ክፍል ተቀላቅለዋል። ይህም የወሎና የጁ ኦሮሞ ፖለቲከኞችን አፍርቷል። በዘመን ወደኋላ በነጎድን ቁጥር ታሪኩ ይለዋወጣል፤ ስለዚህ ርቀን ባንሔድ ጥሩ ነው። የዚህ ጽሑፍ ዓላማም ዛሬን በሚጫኑ የቅርብ ጊዜ ታሪካዊ መቀናቀኖች ላይ ማተኮር ብቻ ነው። እንዲያውም ትግራይን ከተፎካካሪ ሕዝቦች የነጠሉ የታሪክ ኩነቶችን መለየት ነው።)<\/span>
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<\/span>የኤርትራ (ባሕር ምላሸ) የጣልያን ቅኝ ግዛት መሆን የትግራዋዩን ቁጥር በግማሽ ቢቀንሰውም ትግራይ የመንግሥት መነሻ ማዕከል በመነበሯ ምክንያት የመሐል አገር የሥልጣን ፉክክሩ ውስጥ ተፅዕኖዋ ሳይቀንስ ከርሟል። በዳግማይ ምኒልክ ሰዐት ትልቁ ኃይል እና ሥልጣን ሸዋ ላይ ተከማችቶ የነበረ ቢሆንም፣ ትግራይ እና ደቡቡም በየአካባቢ ንጉሡ የተወሰነ ነጻነት ነበረው። በቀዳማዊ ኃይለሥላሴ (ቀኃሥ) ግዜ ግን የአካባቢ ነገሥታት ሁሉ ከስመው ማዕከላዊነት ሰፈነ። ቀኃሥ የሥልጣን መስህቡን ሁሉ አዲስ አበባ ላይ – በመዳፋቸው ሥር አኖሩት። <\/span>
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<\/span>ደርግም የቀጠለበት ይህንኑ የቀኃሥ እጅግ የተማከለ መንግሥታዊ ስርዓት ነው። ኢሕአዴግ ሲመጣ ምንም እንኳን በፌዴራል ስርዓት የማዕከላዊ መንግሥቱን ሥልጣን በሕግ (de jure) ለክልሎች ቢያከፋፍልም በተግባር (de facto) ትልቁ ሥልጣን ግን በማዕከላዊ መንግሥቱ ቁጥጥር ሥር ነበር። የኢሕአዴግ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ማዕከላዊነት በእጅ አዙር የሥልጣኑን ቁጥጥር ለኢሕአዴግ ፈላጭ ቆራጮቹ ትሕነግኦች (TPLFs) ስላጎናፀፈ መቐለን ከአራት ኪሎ ያላነሰ ባለ ሥልጣን አድርጓት ነበር። <\/span>
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<\/span>የትግራይ ፖለቲከኞች የማዕከላዊ ፖለቲካውን ለመቆጣጠር ባደረጉት ትግል፥ የኤርትራ ትግራዋዮች ድጋፍ አስፈልጓቸው ነበር። <\/span>ይሁን እንጂ የትሕነግ ፖለቲካ ቢያንስ በሕግ ደረጃ ክልሎችን የሚያጠናክር በመሆኑ መልሶ ራሱን በልቶታል። ቀድሞ ያልነበሩ የኦሮምያ እና የአማራ ክልሎች ባለፉት ሁለት ዐሥርት ዓመታት የራሳቸው መንግሥታዊ መዋቅር፣ የራሳቸውን የፀጥታ ኃይል እና አስተዳደራዊ መዋቅሮች ዘርግተው አንድ ትውልድ ሲያሳልፉ የሕዝብ ቁጥራቸውን የሚያክል ጥያቄ ይዘው ተነሱ። የትሕነግ ሰዎች የፌዴራሊዝሙን ፅንሰ ሐሳብ ሲነድፉ ወቅታዊ የበላይነታቸውን እንጂ ዘላቂ ውጤቱን የጠረጠሩ አይመስለኝም። አሁን ወደ ዳር የመገፋታቸውን ውጤት መቀበል ሲያዳግታቸው በማየቴ ይህንን አልኩ እንጂ፥ ምናልባት ሲጀምሩት አግባብ ነው ብለው አምነውበትም ሊሆን ይችላል። የሆነ ሆኖ አሁን በግልጽ እንደምናስተውለው የኦሮሞ እና አማራ ጥምረት የመንግሥትን ሥልጣን ተቆናጥጧል። ይህንን መቀልበስ የሚችል ኃይል በቅርብ ግዜ የሚመጣ አይመስለኝም።<\/span>
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<\/span>የታሪካዊቷ ኢትዮጵያ ግዛተ ዐፄ ከተመሠረተበት ግዜ ጀምሮ አሸናፊው ተሸናፊውን እየዋጠ እዚህ የደረሰው የኢትዮጵያ አገረ መንግሥት፥ አሁን አዲስ ምዕራፍ ላይ ነው። በዶናልድ ሌቪን አገላለጽ በአማራው አንብሮ (thesis) እና በኦሮሞው ተፃርሮ (anti-thesis) የተገነባችው ‘ታላቋ ኢትዮጵያ’ (የዛሬዪቱ ኢትዮጵያ ብዬ ነው እኔ የምረዳው) የወትሮ የሥልጣን ተቀናቃኞቹን (የትግርኛ ተናጋሪዎቹን) ከማዕከላዊው መንግሥት ገለል አድርጎ፣ ተረኛ እና <\/span>ዋነኛ<\/span> ዘዋሪዎቹ ሁለቱ ድምር ብዙኃን፣ ማለትም የኦሮምኛ እና የአማርኛ ተናጋሪዎችን አንግሧል። ይህ ለጊዜው ቢጨናገፍ እንኳን ለአገራዊ ቀውስ እና አለመረጋጋት ይዳርጋል እንጂ አይፀናም። <\/span><\/p>\n

የትግራይ ፖለቲካ የዳር አገር ፖለቲካ የሆነው በሚከተሉት ሦስት ዋና ዋና ምክንያቶች ነው፦ አንደኛ የመናገሻ ከተማው ከትግራይ ተነቅሎ ወደ ደቡብ በመጓዝ በመጨረሻ ሸዋ ላይ መፅናቱ ጂኦግራፊያዊ ፋይዳዋን በመቀነሱ፣ ሁለተኛ የኤርትራ ቅኝ መገዛት የትግርኛ ተናጋሪውን ሕዝብ ቁጥር መቀነሱ እና ሦስተኛ በፌዴራሊዝሙ የኦሮምኛ ተናጋሪ እና የአማርኛ ተናጋሪ የተከፋፈሉ ክፍለ አገሮች ተቀላቅለው ብዙ ሕዝብ የያዙ (እና መደራደሪያ የሆናቸው) ክልሎች መፈጠራቸው ናቸው። እዚህ እንደምናየው በትግራይ ወደዳር መገፋት የትሕነግ ፖለቲካ የመጨረሻውን መዋጮ ማድረጉን ነው። <\/span>
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<\/span>አሁን በሕዝብ ብዛት ሦስተኛ ደረጃ ላይ የሚገኙት ሶማሊዎች ናቸው። እንደምናስተውለው የሶማሊ ፖለቲካ ከጊዜ ወደጊዜ መደ መሐል (mainstream) እየመጣ ነው። በተቃራኒው የትግራይ ፖለቲካ ከመሐል ወደ ዳር (periphery) እያፈገፈገ ነው። ስለዚህ በመጪዎቹ ሁለት እና ሦስት ዐሥርት ዓመታት በኢትዮጵያ ፖለቲካ ውስጥ የትግርኛ ተናጋሪዎች የፖለቲካ ተፅዕኖ እየቀነሰ የመሔድ ዕድሉ በጣም ሰፊ ነው፤ ከትግርኛ ተናጋሪዎች ይልቅ ሶማሊኛ ተናጋሪዎች ወደ መሐል ይቀርባሉ። ከዚህ በኋላ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ስርዓት በኢትዮጵያ የሚሰፍን ከሆነ በብዙኃን አመራር (majority rule) መርሕ ትልቁን ሥልጣን የሚቆጣጠሩት የኦሮምኛ ተናጋሪዎች እና የአማርኛ ተናጋሪዎች ጥምረት ነው። ይህ የፌዴራል ስርዓቱ ቅርፅ ቢቀያየርም እንኳን በተለየ መልኩም ቢሆን መቀጠሉ አይቀርም። <\/span>
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<\/span>በሌላ በኩል፣ የኦሮምኛ እና የአማርኛ ተናጋሪዎቹ አንድ ጥምረት ለመመሥረት መስማማት ቢያቅታቸውም የመጨረሻዎቹ ሁለት ግንባሮች (frontiers) እነርሱ በመሆናቸው የዳር አገር አጋር በማፍራት በፈረቃ ጉልህ (dominant) ድርሻ እየተወጡ ይቀጥላሉ። ከሁለቱ መሐል ያልወጡ ቡድኖች ሥልጣን የሚቆጣጠሩበት እጅግ ጠባብ ዕድል ቢኖርም፥ የሁለቱን ሕዝቦች ፍላጎት እና ጥያቄ በማስተናገድ ይጠመዳሉ። የኢትዮጵያ አገረ መንግሥት ዕጣ ፈንታ ግን የሁለቱ ሕዝቦች ፍላጎት እና ውሳኔ ወዲያ ወዲህ እያላጋው ለረዥም ግዜ መጓዙ አይቀርም።<\/span>

<\/span>የእነዚህ ሁለት ክፈለ ዘመናት ፖለቲካዊ ሒደት በአሁኑ የኢትዮጵያ የሽግግር ፖለቲካ ተስተውሏል። የትግራይ ፖለቲከኞች የወታደራዊ አቅማቸውም ይሁን በተለያዩ ማስፈራሪያዎች የሁለቱን ብዙኃን ጥምረት ማሸነፍ አልተቻላቸውም። ለዚህ የትግራይ ፖለቲከኞች ሽንፈት የትሕነግ ራስን በራስ የሚያጠፋ ፖለቲካ የመጨረሻውን በትር አሳርፏል። ይህንን እውነት በመጋፈጥ የትግራይ ፖለቲካኞች ነባሩን የመሐል ፖለቲከኛ አጨዋወታቸውን በመቀየር የዳር አገር ፖለቲካ መጫወት ይኖርባቸዋል። <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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