{"id":481030,"date":"2016-01-20T23:30:00","date_gmt":"2016-01-21T04:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mereja.com\/amharic\/?guid=9a63f44c7b37c163af31ca196531b728"},"modified":"2016-01-20T23:30:00","modified_gmt":"2016-01-21T04:30:00","slug":"%e1%8d%95%e1%88%ae%e1%8d%8c%e1%88%b0%e1%88%ad-%e1%8a%a0%e1%89%a2%e1%88%ad-%e1%8a%a5%e1%8a%93-%e1%8d%95%e1%88%ae%e1%8d%8c%e1%88%b0%e1%88%ad-%e1%88%80%e1%8c%8b%e1%8b%ad-%e1%8a%a4%e1%88%ad%e1%88%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/481030","title":{"rendered":"\u1355\u122e\u134c\u1230\u122d \u12a0\u1262\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u1355\u122e\u134c\u1230\u122d \u1200\u130b\u12ed \u12a4\u122d\u120a\u12ad"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u12a0\u1348\u1295\u12f2 \u1219\u1270\u1242<\/span><\/div>\n
—<\/span><\/div>\n
\u12e8\u1235\u122b \u130d\u12f4\u1273\u12ec \u1206\u1296 \u12a8\u1205\u12f3\u122d \u12c8\u122d 2007 (November 2014) \u1300\u121d\u122e \u1260\u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u1208\u129b\u12cd \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12d9\u122a\u12eb \u12e8\u1270\u133b\u1349 \u1230\u1290\u12f6\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u12e8\u1218\u1228\u1218\u122d\u12a9 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205\u121d \u12f5\u122e \u12e8\u121b\u120b\u12cd\u1243\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a0\u1235\u12f0\u1293\u1242\u1293 \u12a0\u1235\u1308\u122b\u121a \u1273\u122a\u12ae\u127d \u1208\u121b\u12c8\u1245 \u127d\u12eb\u1208\u1201\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u1228\u1305\u121d \u130a\u12dc \u12a5\u1295\u1246\u1245\u120d\u123d \u1206\u1290\u12cd \u1232\u12eb\u1235\u1278\u130d\u1229\u129d \u1208\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u1309\u12f3\u12ee\u127d\u121d \u121d\u120b\u123d \u12a0\u130d\u129d\u127b\u1208\u1201\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u1265\u12d9 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1235\u1348\u120d\u130b\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275\u1295 \u121d\u122d\u1325 \u1218\u133b\u1215\u134d\u1275\u1295\u121d \u12a0\u130d\u129d\u127c \u12ed\u12d8\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u1245\u122d\u1260\u1275 \u1208\u121b\u12c8\u1245 \u127d\u12eb\u1208\u1201\u1361\u1361 <\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0 <\/span><\/div>\n
\u1273\u12f2\u12eb \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u121d\u122d\u1218\u122b\u12ec \u12eb\u1235\u1270\u12cb\u120d\u12b3\u1278\u12cd \u120c\u120e\u127d \u1309\u12f3\u12ee\u127d\u121d \u12a0\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1290\u122d\u1231\u121d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f5 \u132e\u120c\u12ce\u127d \u1273\u122a\u12ad\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u133b\u134d \u1235\u121d \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1238\u12a8\u1228\u12ad\u1229\u1260\u1275 \u1325\u1260\u1265 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12da\u1205 \u12cb\u1262 \u12ed\u1206\u1290\u129d \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u12e8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1200\u1308\u122d \u12dc\u130b \u12e8\u1206\u1291 \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295\u1295 \u120d\u1325\u1240\u1235\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
—-<\/span><\/div>\n
\u121e\u122d\u12f4\u12bb\u12ed \u12a0\u1262\u122d (Mordechai Abir) \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u120d \u1235\u121d \u1273\u12cd\u1243\u120b\u127d\u1201?\u2026. \u12a0\u12ce\u1295! \u1235\u1208 \u201c\u12d8\u1218\u1290 \u1218\u1233\u134d\u1295\u1275\u201d \u12e8\u1270\u133b\u1349 \u133d\u1211\u134e\u127d\u1295 \u12eb\u1290\u1260\u1260 \u1230\u12cd \u201c\u12a0\u1262\u122d\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1235\u121d \u1260\u12f0\u1295\u1265 \u12eb\u1235\u1273\u12cd\u1233\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u129d\u1205 \u1230\u12cd \u12e8\u1240\u12f5\u121e\u12cd \u201c\u1240\u12f3\u121b\u12ca \u1283\u12ed\u1208 \u1225\u120b\u1224 \u12e9\u1292\u1268\u122d\u1232\u1272\u201d (\u12e8\u12a0\u1201\u1291 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12e9\u1292\u1268\u122d\u1232\u1272) \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1355\u122e\u134c\u1230\u122d \u1290\u1260\u1229\u1361\u1361 \u12f0\u122d\u130d \u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u1246\u1323\u1320\u1228 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a5\u1235\u122b\u12a4\u120d \u1260\u1218\u1313\u12dd \u1260\u12a2\u12e8\u1229\u1233\u120c\u121d \u1260\u121a\u1308\u1298\u12cd \u12e8\u1202\u1265\u1229 \u12e9\u1292\u1268\u122d\u1232\u1272 \u1218\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1262\u122d \u201cThe Era of Princes\u201d \u1260\u121a\u120d \u122d\u12d5\u1235 \u12e8\u133b\u1349\u1275 \u1218\u133d\u1210\u134d \u1260\u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1270\u1240\u1263\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u1208\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1294\u121d \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 (\u12e8\u12db\u122c \u12a0\u1235\u122d \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1308\u12f0\u121b) \u1218\u133d\u1210\u1349\u1295 \u12a0\u1295\u1265\u1264\u12cd \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00a0\u12a0\u1262\u122d \u1260\u1323\u121d \u12dd\u1290\u129b \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u120c\u120b \u1218\u133d\u1210\u134d\u121d \u12a0\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u122d\u12d5\u1231 \u201cEthiopia and the Red Sea\u201d \u12ed\u1230\u129b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12e8\u1275\u129b\u12cd\u121d \u12c8\u1308\u1295 \u1206\u1296 \u1235\u1208\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12e8\u121a\u133d\u134d \u1230\u12cd \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u1218\u133d\u1210\u134d \u12a5\u12e8\u12f0\u130b\u1308\u1218 \u12ed\u1320\u1245\u1233\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1273\u12f0\u1230 \u1273\u121d\u122b\u1275\u1363 \u122a\u127b\u122d\u12f5 \u1353\u1295\u12ad\u1228\u1235\u1275\u1363 \u1290\u130b\u1236 \u130a\u12f3\u12f3\u1363 \u1218\u122d\u12d5\u12f5 \u12c8\u120d\u12f0 \u12a0\u1228\u130b\u12ed\u1363 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u12f5 \u1210\u1220\u1295\u1363 \u120b\u1335\u1236 \u12f5\u120c\u1266\u1363 \u12a1\u120d\u122a\u127d \u1265\u122b\u12cd\u12ac\u121d\u1350\u122d\u1363 \u12a0\u1263\u1235 \u1210\u1302 \u1308\u1290\u121e\u1363 \u12a0\u120c\u1233\u1295\u12f5\u122e \u130e\u122a \u12a5\u1293 \u120c\u120e\u127d\u121d \u1355\u122e\u134c\u1230\u122e\u127d \u12e8\u12a0\u1262\u122d\u1295 \u1218\u133d\u1210\u134d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u121d\u1295\u132d \u12ed\u1320\u1240\u1219\u1260\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1230\u1208\u1230\u121c\u1295 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u1235\u1208\u12f0\u1261\u1261 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u1260\u1270\u133b\u1348 \u1218\u133d\u1210\u134d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u201cAbir\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1235\u121d \u1260\u130d\u122d\u130c \u121b\u1235\u1273\u12c8\u123b \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u1218\u133d\u1210\u1349 \u121b\u1323\u1240\u123b \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u121b\u12e8\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u1218\u12f0 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u201cEthiopia and the Red Sea\u201d\u1295 \u1208\u1228\u1305\u121d \u130a\u12dc \u12a0\u12ed\u127c\u12cd \u1235\u1208\u121b\u120b\u12cd\u1245 \u1260\u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u1270\u1218\u122b\u132d \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u1260\u1275\u1295 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u1208\u1218\u1228\u12f3\u1275 \u1235\u1278\u1308\u122d \u1246\u12ed\u127b\u1208\u1201\u1361\u1361 \u12d8\u1295\u12f5\u122e \u130d\u1295 \u1348\u1323\u122a \u1265\u120e\u120d\u129d\u00a0 \u12a0\u130d\u129d\u127c\u12cb\u1208\u1201\u1361\u1361\u00a0 \u1265\u12d9 \u130a\u12dc \u12a5\u12e8\u1218\u120b\u1208\u1235\u12a9 \u12ab\u12e8\u1201\u1275 \u1260\u128b\u120b\u121d \u1218\u133d\u1210\u1349 \u1260\u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1270\u1240\u1263\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12eb\u1308\u1298\u1260\u1275\u1295 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u1208\u1218\u1228\u12f3\u1275 \u127d\u12eb\u1208\u1201!!<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12a0\u12ce\u1295! \u1355\u122e\u134c\u1230\u122d \u12a0\u1262\u122d \u12a8\u120d\u1261 \u121d\u1201\u122d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u12cd\u1290\u1270\u129b \u121d\u1201\u122d! \u1218\u133d\u1210\u134b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12eb\u1320\u1293\u1240\u1229\u1275 \u1260\u12a5\u12cd\u1290\u1270\u129b \u121d\u1201\u122b\u12ca \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1265\u12d9\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u1245 \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u130e \u120a\u12eb\u1230\u121d\u1323\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u1308\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u12a2-\u121d\u1201\u122b\u12ca \u1238\u134d\u1325\u1293 \u12cd\u1295\u1265\u12f5\u1293 \u1260\u1218\u133d\u1210\u134b\u1278\u12cd \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u12f5\u120e\u1363 \u1218\u1228\u1303 \u121b\u121d\u1273\u1273\u1275\u1363 \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1308\u12f0 \u12a5\u12ed\u1273\u1363 \u121b\u1235\u1218\u1230\u120d\u1363 \u1218\u1238\u1348\u1325 \u1302\u1295\u1292 \u1300\u1261\u1272 \u1260\u1218\u133d\u1210\u1349 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a0\u12ed\u1273\u12e9\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u201cEthiopia and the Red Sea\u201d \u1260\u1205\u12ed\u12c8\u1274 \u12a8\u1308\u1320\u1219\u129d \u12a0\u1303\u12d2\u1260\u129b \u1218\u133b\u1215\u134d\u1275 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u130c \u1218\u12dd\u130d\u1264\u12cb\u1208\u1201\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u12cd\u1240\u1275\u1295 \u1218\u1308\u1265\u12e8\u1275 \u1208\u121a\u123b \u1230\u12cd \u130d\u1229\u121d \u1218\u121b\u122a\u12eb \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u1270\u1218\u122b\u121b\u122a\u12ce\u127d\u1293 \u1208\u1270\u121b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u1260\u1323\u121d \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u120b\u130a \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u121b\u1323\u1240\u123b \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u1355\u122e\u134c\u1230\u122d \u12a0\u1262\u122d \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u120b\u12ed \u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1275 \u1218\u133b\u1215\u134d\u1275\u1295 \u133d\u1348\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1201\u1209\u121d \u1218\u133b\u1215\u134d\u1275 \u1260\u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12a8\u1260\u122c\u1273 \u12a0\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1290\u122d\u1231 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1320\u1240\u1235\u12b3\u1278\u12cd \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u1218\u133b\u1215\u134d\u1275 \u12e8\u12d3\u1208\u121b\u127d\u1295 \u1241\u1325\u122d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a2\u1295\u1233\u12ed\u12ad\u120e\u1352\u12f2\u12eb \u1260\u1206\u1290\u12cd \u201c\u12a2\u1295\u1233\u12ed\u12ad\u120e\u1352\u12f2\u12eb \u1265\u122a\u1273\u1292\u12ab\u201d \u1240\u12f3\u121a \u12e8\u121b\u1323\u1240\u123b \u121d\u1295\u132e\u127d \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1295 recommend \u1270\u12f0\u122d\u1308\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/div>\n
\u1355\u122e\u134c\u1230\u122d \u12a0\u1262\u122d \u12a5\u1235\u122b\u12a4\u120b\u12ca \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1273\u12f2\u12eb \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u120b\u12ed \u121d\u122d\u121d\u122d \u1232\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1309 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u12a5\u1235\u122b\u12a4\u120b\u12ca \u12a5\u1233\u1278\u12cd \u1265\u127b \u12a0\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1229\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u120c\u120e\u127d\u121d \u1260\u12d8\u122d\u1349 \u1265\u12d9 \u1235\u122b\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12a0\u1245\u122d\u1260\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1290\u122d\u1231\u121d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u1200\u130b\u12ed \u12a4\u120d\u122a\u12ad \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u201c\u1210\u130b\u12ed \u12a4\u122d\u120a\u12ad\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1235\u121d \u12ab\u12c8\u1245\u12a9 \u12a0\u1235\u122b \u12a0\u121d\u1235\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12a0\u120d\u134f\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12a8\u1218\u133d\u1210\u134e\u1279 \u12eb\u1290\u1260\u1265\u12a9\u1275 Ethiopia and the Middle East \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u122d\u12d5\u1235 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1265\u127b \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1200\u130b\u12ed \u12a8\u1218\u133d\u1210\u134e\u1279 \u12ed\u120d\u1245 \u1260\u1234\u121a\u1293\u122e\u127d\u1293 \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12a0\u1240\u134d \u12ae\u1295\u1348\u1228\u1295\u1236\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1240\u122d\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u12a0\u132b\u132d\u122d \u133d\u1211\u134e\u127d\u1295 \u1290\u12cd \u12eb\u1290\u1260\u1265\u12a9\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1205\u12f3\u122d 2007 \u12c8\u12f2\u1205 \u1263\u1208\u12cd \u130a\u12dc \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u130d\u1295 \u1236\u1235\u1275 \u12eb\u1205\u120d \u1218\u133d\u1210\u134e\u1279\u1295 \u12a0\u12ed\u127c\u1208\u1273\u1208\u1201\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1293\u121d \u12a0\u1303\u12d2\u1265 \u12a0\u120d\u12a9!! <\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00a0 \u12ed\u1308\u122d\u121b\u120d!! \u1355\u122e\u134c\u1230\u122d \u1203\u130b\u12ed \u12a0\u12c8\u12db\u130b\u1262 \u1230\u12cd \u1206\u1296 \u1265\u1245 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u1260\u1245\u122d\u1265 \u12d8\u1218\u1293\u1275 \u1260\u121a\u133d\u134b\u1278\u12cd \u133d\u1211\u134e\u1279 \u12ed\u1218\u1235\u1208\u129d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u1230\u12cd\u12e8\u12cd \u12a8\u1218\u1290\u123b\u12cd \u1300\u121d\u122e \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1308\u12f0 \u12a5\u12ed\u1273 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u1218\u1206\u1291\u1295 \u1290\u12cd \u12eb\u1235\u1270\u12cb\u120d\u12a9\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u121d\u1201\u122b\u12ca \u12cd\u1295\u1265\u12f5\u1293 \u1260\u1218\u133d\u1210\u134e\u1279 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a5\u130d\u1229\u1295 \u12a0\u1295\u1230\u122b\u134d\u1277\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1200\u130b\u12ed \u1218\u133d\u1210\u134d \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u127d \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12a5\u12cd\u1240\u1275 \u12a0\u12ed\u1328\u1260\u1325\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12f0\u130d\u121e\u121d \u12e8\u1265\u12d9\u12ce\u1279 \u1218\u133b\u1215\u134d\u1275 \u132d\u1265\u1325 \u201c\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u122b\u1237\u1295 \u12ab\u120d\u1320\u1260\u1240\u127d \u1260\u1219\u1235\u120a\u121d \u12a0\u12ad\u122b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u120d\u1275\u12cb\u1325 \u1275\u127d\u120b\u1208\u127d\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1263\u132d\u1229 \u201c\u1203\u130b\u12ed\u201d \u12e8\u12a5\u1235\u122b\u12a4\u1209 \u121e\u1233\u12f5 \u1260\u129b \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u121b\u1235\u1348\u122b\u122a\u12eb \u1233\u12ed\u12ae\u120e\u1302\u1235\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u121d\u1201\u122d \u1206\u1296 \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u1308\u1298\u121d\u1361\u1361 <\/span><\/div>\n
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\u1260\u1323\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u122d\u1218\u12cd \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1203\u130b\u12ed \u120c\u120e\u127d \u1340\u1210\u134a\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1348\u122d\u1305\u1260\u1275 \u12f5\u134d\u1228\u1271 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u1295 \u12ad\u1235\u1270\u1275 \u12a8\u122d\u1231 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12e8 \u12a0\u12b3\u128b\u1295 \u1208\u133b\u1349 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 \u1260\u1276\u120e \u1235\u121d \u12eb\u12c8\u1323\u120b\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1230\u12cd\u12ec\u12cd \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295 \u12a8\u1206\u1290 \u201c\u12ae\u121a\u1292\u1235\u1273\u12ca \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u1233\u1230\u1265 \u1235\u120b\u1208\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u201d \u12ed\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1219\u1235\u120a\u121d \u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295\u1295 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u1230\u121e\u127d\u1295 \u12ed\u1238\u120d\u121b\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1338\u1210\u134a\u12cd \u12e8\u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u1208\u129b\u12cd \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1230\u12cd \u12a8\u1206\u1290 \u201cFanatic writer\u201d \u12ed\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1340\u1210\u134a\u12cd \u12e8\u12d8\u1218\u1293\u127d\u1295 \u1230\u12cd \u12a8\u1206\u1290 \u130d\u1295 \u201cRadical Islamist writer\u201d \u12ed\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u122d\u1231 \u12e8\u121a\u1243\u1228\u1295 \u1275\u122d\u12ad\u1275 \u12e8\u133b\u1349 \u1230\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u1265\u120e \u1260\u121a\u1348\u122d\u1305 \u1230\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u133b\u1348 \u1218\u133d\u1210\u134d \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u121b\u1323\u1240\u123b \u12e8\u121a\u1206\u1295\u1260\u1275 \u12a0\u130d\u1263\u1265 \u1260\u132d\u122b\u123d \u12e8\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12e8\u1200\u130b\u12ed \u12e8\u120b\u1238\u1240 \u121d\u1201\u122b\u12ca \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1265\u127b \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1273 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1218\u1228\u1303\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1208\u122b\u1231 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1218\u1278\u12cd \u12a5\u12e8\u1308\u1208\u1263\u1260\u1320 \u12ed\u133d\u134b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c \u1245\u12f1\u1235 \u1241\u122d\u12a3\u1295 \u12e8\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u1275\u122d\u1309\u121d \u1260\u1265\u12d9 \u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 \u1270\u1233\u1275\u134e \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u12c8\u1290 \u1206\u1296 \u1233\u1208 (\u12cb\u1290\u129e\u1279 \u1270\u122d\u1313\u121a\u12ce\u127d \u123c\u12bd \u1230\u12ed\u12f5 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u12f5 \u1233\u12f2\u1245 \u12a5\u1293 \u1203\u1302 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u12f5 \u1223\u1292 \u1210\u1262\u1265 \u1262\u1206\u1291\u121d) \u12a5\u122d\u1231 \u130d\u1295 \u201c\u1275\u122d\u1309\u1219\u1295 \u12eb\u12a8\u1293\u12c8\u1291\u1275 \u1203\u1302 \u12e9\u1231\u134d \u12d0\u1265\u12f1\u122b\u1215\u121b\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u201d \u12ed\u1208\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1200\u130b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1203\u1302 \u12e9\u1231\u134d\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u12f5\u1290\u1245 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u120d\u1206\u1290 \u120d\u1265 \u1260\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295\u121d \u1275\u1228\u12ab \u12e8\u1348\u1320\u1228\u12cd \u12a5\u122d\u1231 \u1260\u12a0\u12f5\u1293\u1246\u1275 \u12a0\u1245\u1209\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1235\u1275\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u123c\u12bd \u12d0\u1265\u12f1\u120b\u1202 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u12f5 (\u12d0\u1265\u12f1\u120b\u1202 \u12a0\u120d-\u1210\u1260\u123a) \u12601948 \u12a8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1228\u1229\u1275 \u1203\u1302 \u12e9\u1231\u134d \u12d0\u1265\u12f1\u122b\u1215\u121b\u1295 \u1260\u12f6\u1208\u1271\u1275 \u1234\u122b \u1290\u12cd \u1260\u121a\u120d \u1208\u121a\u12d8\u1260\u12dd\u1260\u12cd \u1275\u1228\u12ab \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121b\u1235\u1228\u1303 \u1208\u1218\u1320\u1240\u121d \u1348\u120d\u130e \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1295\u1263\u1262\u12eb\u1295 \u201c\u1203\u1302 \u12e9\u1231\u134d \u1240\u12f3\u121b\u12ca \u1283\u12ed\u1208 \u1225\u120b\u1224\u1295 \u12a0\u1263\u1265\u1208\u12cd \u123c\u12bd \u12d0\u1265\u12f1\u120b\u1202 \u12a8\u1200\u1308\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1320\u1349 \u12e8\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u12a0\u1245\u121d \u1290\u1260\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f4\u201d \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u1232\u1320\u12ed\u1241 \u12e8\u1203\u130b\u12ed \u12a4\u122d\u120a\u12ad \u133d\u1211\u134d \u201c\u1230\u12cd\u12ec\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u12ed\u1245\u122d\u1293 \u1260\u1245\u1264 \u121d\u120b\u1233\u1278\u12cd \u1295\u1309\u1221\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u1233\u1218\u1295 \u1245\u12f1\u1235 \u1241\u122d\u12a3\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1270\u1228\u130e\u121d \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1309 \u123c\u12bd \u1290\u1260\u1229\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1218\u120d\u1235 \u12ed\u1230\u1323\u1278\u12cb\u120d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205\u127a \u1290\u127d \u12d8\u12f4!! \u12ed\u1205\u127a \u1290\u127d \u1238\u134d\u1325!!<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u1260\u120c\u120b \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u1203\u130b\u12ed \u12a4\u122d\u120a\u12ad \u1260\u1240\u1325\u1273 \u1320\u1265 \u132b\u122a\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1295\u1338\u1263\u122d\u1241 \u133d\u1211\u134e\u127d\u1295\u121d \u12ed\u133d\u134b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c \u12e8\u1203\u130b\u12ed \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u133d\u1211\u134d \u201cThe Grandchildren of Abraha\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u122d\u12d5\u1235 \u12a0\u1208\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1265\u1228\u1203 \u1290\u1262\u12e9 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u12f5 (\u1230.\u12d0.\u12c8) \u1260\u1270\u12c8\u1208\u12f1\u1260\u1275 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u1295 \u1232\u1308\u12db \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u1295\u1309\u1225 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u122b\u1234 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1273\u12f2\u12eb \u1200\u130b\u12ed \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u133d\u1211\u134d \u12e8\u12a0\u1201\u1296\u1279\u1295 \u12e8\u1205\u12dd\u1263\u12ca \u12c8\u12eb\u1290 \u1213\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u1218\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u201c\u12e8\u12a0\u1265\u1228\u1203 \u12e8\u120d\u1305 \u120d\u1306\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u201d \u12ed\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u1293 \u201c\u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1300\u130d\u1296\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u1235\u134b\u134a\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12a0\u12ad\u122b\u122a\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12a5\u1235\u120d\u121d\u1293 \u1302\u1203\u12f2\u1235\u1276\u127d \u12f5\u1263\u1245 \u1218\u121d\u1273\u1275 \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u1209\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u12a5\u12f5\u121d\u1273 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u1275\u1228\u12ab \u12ed\u1270\u1228\u1275\u122b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1265\u1228\u1203 \u12e8\u1325\u1295\u1271 \u12e8\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u1295\u1309\u1223\u12ca \u130d\u12db\u1275 \u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1305 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1290\u1260\u1228 \u121b\u1295\u121d \u12a0\u12ed\u12ad\u12f5\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1201\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12e8\u12db\u122c\u12ce\u1279\u1295 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1308\u12e5\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u12a0\u1265\u1228\u1203 \u12dd\u122d\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u121b\u1208\u1275\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u12e8\u1325\u1295\u1277 \u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u120c\u130b\u1232 \u12a0\u1235\u1240\u1323\u12ed \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u130e \u121b\u1245\u1228\u1265 \u1235\u1205\u1270\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1325\u1295\u1277 \u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u1260\u121b\u1205\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u1235\u1265\u1325\u122f \u1205\u1265\u1228-\u1265\u1204\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12e8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1265\u1204\u122d \u1200\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1228\u127d\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u130d\u12db\u1277 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u1263\u123b\u1308\u122d \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u1295\u1363 \u1230\u121c\u1295 \u121d\u1235\u122b\u1243\u12ca \u1231\u12f3\u1295\u1293 \u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129e\u1279\u1295 \u12e8\u1230\u121c\u1295 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u12ed\u1320\u1245\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u00a0\u12a0\u1265\u1228\u1203 \u12a8\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1201\u1209 \u130d\u12db\u1276\u127d \u1260\u12e8\u1275\u129b\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1270\u12c8\u1208\u12f0 \u1260\u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u120d \u12a0\u12ed\u1273\u12c8\u1245\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12e8\u12d8\u1218\u1293\u127d\u1295 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1218\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1325\u1295\u1271 \u12a0\u1265\u1228\u1203 \u120c\u130b\u1232 \u12c8\u122b\u123e\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1265\u120d \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad\u1293 \u12e8\u12a0\u1295\u1275\u122e\u1356\u120e\u1302 \u121b\u1235\u1228\u1303 \u12e8\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 <\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u12e8\u133d\u1211\u1349 \u12a0\u12f0\u1308\u129b\u1290\u1275 \u130d\u1295 \u12ed\u1205 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1203\u130b\u12ed \u121d\u1201\u122b\u12ca \u1238\u134d\u1325 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u134b\u12cd \u1325\u1295\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1338\u1218\u1295 \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12ab\u1208\u12cd \u1302\u12a6-\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u12ca \u1275\u122d\u121d\u1235 \u130b\u122d \u12a5\u12e8\u1240\u120b\u1240\u1208 \u12e8\u1320\u1265 \u132b\u122a\u1290\u1275 \u1235\u121c\u1275\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u1295\u1308\u1225 \u1260\u1218\u1323\u1229 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u121d\u1201\u122d \u12cb\u1290\u129b \u130d\u1265 \u12e8\u1230\u12cd \u120d\u1306\u127d \u1275\u1293\u1295\u1275 \u12e8\u1348\u1338\u121f\u1278\u12cd \u1235\u1205\u1270\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u12f0\u130d\u1219 \u121b\u1235\u1270\u121b\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u12f5\u122e \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u130e \u12e8\u12a0\u12d5\u121d\u122e\u1293 \u12e8\u121b\u1274\u122a\u12eb\u120d \u12a5\u1234\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u1320\u1265\u1240\u12cd \u12c8\u12f0 \u1240\u1323\u12e9 \u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f5 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u1235\u1270\u120b\u120d\u1349 \u121b\u1235\u127b\u120d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1200\u130b\u12ed \u130d\u1295 \u1273\u122a\u12ad\u1295 \u1238\u122d\u1293 \u1265\u1325\u1265\u1325\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u12cd\u1228\u1235 \u1232\u120d \u1265\u127b \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1240\u121d\u1260\u1275 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u1235\u1208\u12cd\u1361\u1361 <\/span><\/div>\n
—-<\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1320\u1240\u1235\u12b3\u1278\u12cd \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 (\u121e\u122d\u12f4\u12bb\u12ed \u12a0\u1262\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u1200\u130b\u12ed \u12a4\u122d\u120a\u12ad) \u12ed\u1201\u12f2\u12ce\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u1201\u1208\u1271\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e8 \u121d\u1201\u122b\u12ca \u120d\u1240\u1275\u1293 \u122d\u1275\u12a5 \u12eb\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u1206\u1290\u12cd \u1270\u1308\u129d\u1270\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 \u201c\u12e8\u12a0\u1262\u122d\u1295 \u1218\u133d\u1210\u134d \u121b\u1295\u1260\u1265 \u12a0\u1208\u1265\u1205\u201d \u12a5\u12eb\u1209 \u1232\u1293\u1308\u1229 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u201c\u1260\u12a0\u1262\u122d \u1218\u133d\u1210\u134d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a5\u12cd\u1240\u1275 \u12a0\u1208\u120d\u1205\u201d \u121b\u1208\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u1308\u1265\u1276\u129b\u120d\u1361\u1361\u00a0 \u1200\u130b\u12ed \u12a4\u122d\u120a\u12ad \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1235\u121d \u133d\u12ee\u1293\u12ca \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1230\u122b\u132d \u1238\u134d\u1320\u129b \u1290\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12e8\u121d\u1201\u122d \u201c\u12b3\u120a\u1272\u201d \u12e8\u1208\u12cd\u121d\u1361\u1361 <\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12a0\u1208\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1201\u12f2 \u1260\u1219\u1209 \u1218\u1325\u134e \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1209 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u1235\u1205\u1270\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1323\u121d \u1235\u1205\u1270\u1275!! \u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u12a0\u12f6\u120d\u134d \u1212\u1275\u1208\u122d\u1293 \u12e8\u1218\u1230\u120e\u1279 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u1233\u1230\u1265 \u1290\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12e8\u1324\u1293\u121b \u1230\u12cd \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u1233\u1230\u1265 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u12ed\u1201\u12f5 \u1260\u1219\u1209 \u1218\u1325\u134e \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u120d\u1206\u1290 \u1208\u1218\u1228\u12f3\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u123b \u1230\u12cd \u12e8\u1355\u122e\u134c\u1230\u122d \u12a0\u1262\u122d\u1295 \u1218\u133d\u1210\u134d \u1265\u127b \u121b\u1295\u1260\u1265 \u12ed\u1260\u1243\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1205\u12dd\u1265\u1295 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1293\u1309\u1275\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1200\u130b\u12ed \u12a4\u122d\u120a\u12ad \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1276\u1279\u1295 \u1218\u1230\u122a \u1338\u1210\u134a\u12ce\u127d \u130d\u1295 \u1320\u1295\u1240\u1245 \u1260\u120f\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361\u00a0 <\/span><\/div>\n
—–<\/span><\/div>\n
First written on August 13\/2015<\/div>\n
Re-written on January 19\/2016<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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አፈንዲ ሙተቂ<\/p>\n

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—<\/p>\n

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የስራ ግዴታዬ ሆኖ ከህዳር ወር 2007 (November 2014) ጀምሮ በመካከለኛው ዘመን የኢትዮጵያ ታሪክ ዙሪያ የተጻፉ ሰነዶችን እየመረመርኩ ነው፡፡ በዚህም ድሮ የማላውቃቸውን አስደናቂና አስገራሚ ታሪኮች ለማወቅ ችያለሁ፡፡ ለረጅም ጊዜ እንቆቅልሽ ሆነው ሲያስቸግሩኝ ለነበሩት ጉዳዮችም ምላሽ አግኝቻለሁ፡፡ ለብዙ ዓመታት ስፈልጋቸው የነበሩትን ምርጥ መጻሕፍትንም አግኝቼ ይዘታቸውን በቅርበት ለማወቅ ችያለሁ፡፡ <\/p>\n

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ታዲያ በዚህ ምርመራዬ ያስተዋልኳቸው ሌሎች ጉዳዮችም አሉ፡፡ ከነርሱም አንዱ አንዳንድ ጮሌዎች ታሪክን በመጻፍ ስም ፖለቲካን የሚያሸከረክሩበት ጥበብ ነው፡፡ ለዚህ ዋቢ ይሆነኝ ዘንድ የአንድ ሀገር ዜጋ የሆኑ ሁለት ምሁራንን ልጥቀስ፡፡<\/p>\n

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—-<\/p>\n

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ሞርዴኻይ አቢር (Mordechai Abir) የሚባል ስም ታውቃላችሁ?…. አዎን! ስለ “ዘመነ መሳፍንት” የተጻፉ ጽሑፎችን ያነበበ ሰው “አቢር” የሚለውን ስም በደንብ ያስታውሳል፡፡ እኝህ ሰው የቀድሞው “ቀዳማዊ ኃይለ ሥላሤ ዩኒቨርሲቲ” (የአሁኑ አዲስ አበባ ዩኒቨርሲቲ) የታሪክ ፕሮፌሰር ነበሩ፡፡ ደርግ ስልጣን ከተቆጣጠረ በኋላ ደግሞ ወደ እስራኤል በመጓዝ በኢየሩሳሌም በሚገኘው የሂብሩ ዩኒቨርሲቲ መምህርነት አገልግለዋል፡፡ አቢር “The Era of Princes” በሚል ርዕስ የጻፉት መጽሐፍ በምሁራን ዘንድ ከፍተኛ ተቀባይነት አለው፡፡ እኔም በአንድ ወቅት (የዛሬ አስር ዓመት ገደማ) መጽሐፉን አንብቤው ነበር፡፡<\/p>\n

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 አቢር በጣም ዝነኛ የሆነ ሌላ መጽሐፍም አላቸው፡፡ ርዕሱ “Ethiopia and the Red Sea” ይሰኛል፡፡ በየትኛውም ወገን ሆኖ ስለኢትዮጵያ ታሪክ የሚጽፍ ሰው ይህንን መጽሐፍ እየደጋገመ ይጠቅሳል፡፡ ታደሰ ታምራት፣ ሪቻርድ ፓንክረስት፣ ነጋሶ ጊዳዳ፣ መርዕድ ወልደ አረጋይ፣ ሙሐመድ ሐሠን፣ ላጵሶ ድሌቦ፣ ኡልሪች ብራውኬምፐር፣ አባስ ሐጂ ገነሞ፣ አሌሳንድሮ ጎሪ እና ሌሎችም ፕሮፌሰሮች የአቢርን መጽሐፍ እንደ ምንጭ ይጠቀሙበታል፡፡ ሰለሰሜን ኢትዮጵያም ሆነ ስለደቡቡ ክፍል በተጻፈ መጽሐፍ ውስጥ “Abir” የሚለውን ስም በግርጌ ማስታወሻ እና በመጽሐፉ ማጣቀሻ ክፍል ውስጥ ማየት የተለመደ ነው፡፡ ነገር ግን “Ethiopia and the Red Sea”ን ለረጅም ጊዜ አይቼው ስለማላውቅ በምሁራን ዘንድ ተመራጭ የሆነበትን ምክንያት ለመረዳት ስቸገር ቆይቻለሁ፡፡ ዘንድሮ ግን ፈጣሪ ብሎልኝ  አግኝቼዋለሁ፡፡  ብዙ ጊዜ እየመላለስኩ ካየሁት በኋላም መጽሐፉ በምሁራን ዘንድ ከፍተኛ ተቀባይነት ያገኘበትን ምክንያት ለመረዳት ችያለሁ!!<\/p>\n

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አዎን! ፕሮፌሰር አቢር ከልቡ ምሁር ናቸው፡፡ እውነተኛ ምሁር! መጽሐፋቸውን ያጠናቀሩት በእውነተኛ ምሁራዊ መንገድ ነው፡፡ ብዙዎችን እንቅ አድርጎ ሊያሰምጣቸው የሚታገላቸው ኢ-ምሁራዊ ሸፍጥና ውንብድና በመጽሐፋቸው ውስጥ የለም፡፡ አድሎ፣ መረጃ ማምታታት፣ የተወላገደ እይታ፣ ማስመሰል፣ መሸፈጥ ጂንኒ ጀቡቲ በመጽሐፉ ውስጥ አይታዩም፡፡ በመሆኑም “Ethiopia and the Red Sea” በህይወቴ ከገጠሙኝ አጃዒበኛ መጻሕፍት መካከል አንዱ አድርጌ መዝግቤዋለሁ፡፡ እውቀትን መገብየት ለሚሻ ሰው ግሩም መማሪያ ነው፡፡ ለተመራማሪዎችና ለተማሪዎች እጅግ በጣም አስፈላጊ የሆነ ማጣቀሻ ነው፡፡<\/p>\n

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ፕሮፌሰር አቢር በኢትዮጵያ ጉዳይ ላይ ስድስት መጻሕፍትን ጽፈዋል፡፡ ሁሉም መጻሕፍት በምሁራን ዘንድ ከፍተኛ ከበሬታ አላቸው፡፡ ከነርሱ መካከል ከላይ የጠቀስኳቸው ሁለት መጻሕፍት የዓለማችን ቁጥር አንድ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ በሆነው “ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ ብሪታኒካ” ቀዳሚ የማጣቀሻ ምንጮች በመሆን recommend ተደርገዋል፡፡<\/p>\n

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ፕሮፌሰር አቢር እስራኤላዊ ናቸው፡፡ ታዲያ በኢትዮጵያ ታሪክ ላይ ምርምር ሲያደርጉ የነበሩት እስራኤላዊ እሳቸው ብቻ አልነበሩም፡፡ ሌሎችም በዘርፉ ብዙ ስራዎችን አቅርበዋል፡፡ ከነርሱም አንዱ ሀጋይ ኤልሪክ ነው፡፡ “ሐጋይ ኤርሊክ” የሚለውን ስም ካወቅኩ አስራ አምስት ዓመታት አልፏል፡፡ ነገር ግን ከመጽሐፎቹ ያነበብኩት Ethiopia and the Middle East የሚል ርዕስ ያለውን ብቻ ነው፡፡ ሀጋይ ከመጽሐፎቹ ይልቅ በሴሚናሮችና ዓለም አቀፍ ኮንፈረንሶች ላይ የሚያቀርባቸውን በርካታ አጫጭር ጽሑፎችን ነው ያነበብኩት፡፡ ከህዳር 2007 ወዲህ ባለው ጊዜ ውስጥ ግን ሶስት ያህል መጽሐፎቹን አይቼለታለሁ፡፡ እናም አጃዒብ አልኩ!! <\/p>\n

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  ይገርማል!! ፕሮፌሰር ሃጋይ አወዛጋቢ ሰው ሆኖ ብቅ ያለው በቅርብ ዘመናት በሚጽፋቸው ጽሑፎቹ ይመስለኝ ነበር፡፡ ነገር ግን ሰውየው ከመነሻው ጀምሮ የተወላገደ እይታ ያለው መሆኑን ነው ያስተዋልኩት፡፡ ምሁራዊ ውንብድና በመጽሐፎቹ ውስጥ እግሩን አንሰራፍቷል፡፡ ከሀጋይ መጽሐፍ ፖለቲካ እንጂ አንዳች የታሪክ እውቀት አይጨበጥም፡፡ ደግሞም የብዙዎቹ መጻሕፍት ጭብጥ “ኢትዮጵያ ራሷን ካልጠበቀች በሙስሊም አክራሪዎች ልትዋጥ ትችላለች” የሚል ነው፡፡ ባጭሩ “ሃጋይ” የእስራኤሉ ሞሳድ በኛ ላይ የተከለው የማስፈራሪያ ሳይኮሎጂስት እንጂ የታሪክ ምሁር ሆኖ አልተገኘም፡፡ <\/p>\n

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በጣም የሚገርመው ደግሞ ሃጋይ ሌሎች ፀሐፊዎችን የሚፈርጅበት ድፍረቱ ነው፡፡ አንድን ክስተት ከርሱ በተለየ አኳኋን ለጻፉ የታሪክ ምሁራን በቶሎ ስም ያወጣላቸዋል፡፡ ሰውዬው ክርስቲያን ከሆነ “ኮሚኒስታዊ አስተሳሰብ ስላለው ነው” ይለዋል፡፡ ሙስሊም ምሁራንን ደግሞ ሁለት ሰሞችን ይሸልማቸዋል፡፡ ጸሐፊው የመካከለኛው ዘመን ሰው ከሆነ “Fanatic writer” ይለዋል፡፡ ፀሐፊው የዘመናችን ሰው ከሆነ ግን “Radical Islamist writer” ይለዋል፡፡ ከርሱ የሚቃረን ትርክት የጻፉ ሰዎችን እንዲህ ብሎ በሚፈርጅ ሰው የተጻፈ መጽሐፍ የታሪክ ማጣቀሻ የሚሆንበት አግባብ በጭራሽ የለም፡፡<\/p>\n

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የሀጋይ የላሸቀ ምሁራዊ በዚህ ብቻ የተገታ አይደለም፡፡ የታሪክ መረጃዎችን ለራሱ እንደሚመቸው እየገለባበጠ ይጽፋል፡፡ ለምሳሌ ቅዱስ ቁርኣን የአማርኛ ትርጉም በብዙ ምሁራን ተሳትፎ የተከወነ ሆኖ ሳለ (ዋነኞቹ ተርጓሚዎች ሼኽ ሰይድ ሙሐመድ ሳዲቅ እና ሃጂ ሙሐመድ ሣኒ ሐቢብ ቢሆኑም) እርሱ ግን “ትርጉሙን ያከናወኑት ሃጂ ዩሱፍ ዐብዱራሕማን ነው” ይለናል፡፡ ሀጋይ እንዲህ የሚለው ሃጂ ዩሱፍን ለማድነቅ እንዳልሆነ ልብ በሉ፡፡ ይህንንም ትረካ የፈጠረው እርሱ በአድናቆት አቅሉን የሚስትላቸው ሼኽ ዐብዱላሂ ሙሐመድ (ዐብዱላሂ አል-ሐበሺ) በ1948 ከኢትዮጵያ የተባረሩት ሃጂ ዩሱፍ ዐብዱራሕማን በዶለቱት ሴራ ነው በሚል ለሚዘበዝበው ትረካ እንደማስረጃ ለመጠቀም ፈልጎ ነው፡፡ አንባቢያን “ሃጂ ዩሱፍ ቀዳማዊ ኃይለ ሥላሤን አባብለው ሼኽ ዐብዱላሂ ከሀገር እንዲጠፉ የማድረግ አቅም ነበራቸው እንዴ” ብለው ሲጠይቁ የሃጋይ ኤርሊክ ጽሑፍ “ሰውዬው እንዲያ ማድረግ ይቅርና በቅቤ ምላሳቸው ንጉሡን በማሳመን ቅዱስ ቁርኣን እንዲተረጎም ያደረጉ ሼኽ ነበሩ” የሚል መልስ ይሰጣቸዋል ማለት ነው፡፡ ይህቺ ነች ዘዴ!! ይህቺ ነች ሸፍጥ!!<\/p>\n

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በሌላ በኩል ሃጋይ ኤርሊክ በቀጥታ ጠብ ጫሪነትን የሚያንጸባርቁ ጽሑፎችንም ይጽፋል፡፡ ለምሳሌ የሃጋይ አንዱ ጽሑፍ “The Grandchildren of Abraha” የሚል ርዕስ አለው፡፡ አብረሃ ነቢዩ ሙሐመድ (ሰ.ዐ.ወ) በተወለዱበት ዘመን የመንን ሲገዛ የነበረው የአክሱም ንጉሥ እንደራሴ ነው፡፡ ታዲያ ሀጋይ በዚህ ጽሑፍ የአሁኖቹን የህዝባዊ ወያነ ሓርነት ትግራይ መሪዎች “የአብረሃ የልጅ ልጆች ናቸው” ይላቸውና “እነዚህ ጀግኖች የተስፋፊውን የአክራሪውን የእስልምና ጂሃዲስቶች ድባቅ መምታት ይችላሉ” የሚል እድምታ ያለው ትረካ ይተረትራል፡፡ አብረሃ የጥንቱ የአክሱም ንጉሣዊ ግዛት ተወላጅ እንደነበረ ማንም አይክድም፡፡ ይሁን እንጂ የዛሬዎቹን የኢትዮጵያ ገዥዎች የአብረሃ ዝርያዎች ማለትም ሆነ የጥንቷ አክሱም ሌጋሲ አስቀጣይ አድርጎ ማቅረብ ስህተት ነው፡፡ የጥንቷ አክሱም በማህበራዊ ስብጥሯ ህብረ-ብሄር እንጂ የአንድ ብሄር ሀገር አልነበረችም፡፡ ግዛቷ ደግሞ ከትግራይ ባሻገር ኤርትራን፣ ሰሜን ምስራቃዊ ሱዳንና አብዛኞቹን የሰሜን ኢትዮጵያ ክልሎች ይጠቅላል፡፡  አብረሃ ከነዚህ ሁሉ ግዛቶች በየትኛው እንደተወለደ በትክክል አይታወቅም፡፡ በሁለተኛ ደረጃ የዘመናችን የኢትዮጵያ መሪዎች የጥንቱ አብረሃ ሌጋሲ ወራሾች ናቸው የሚያስብል የታሪክና የአንትሮፖሎጂ ማስረጃ የለም፡፡ <\/p>\n

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 የጽሑፉ አደገኛነት ግን ይህ አይደለም፡፡ የሃጋይ ምሁራዊ ሸፍጥ የሚያስከፋው ጥንት የተፈጸመን ታሪክ አሁን ካለው ጂኦ-ፖለቲካዊ ትርምስ ጋር እየቀላቀለ የጠብ ጫሪነት ስሜትን ለማንገሥ በመጣሩ ነው፡፡ የታሪክ ምሁር ዋነኛ ግብ የሰው ልጆች ትናንት የፈጸሟቸው ስህተቶችን እንዳይደግሙ ማስተማር እና ድሮ የነበራቸውን በጎ የአዕምሮና የማቴሪያል እሴቶችን ጠብቀው ወደ ቀጣዩ ትውልድ እንዲያስተላልፉ ማስቻል ነው፡፡ ሀጋይ ግን ታሪክን ሸርና ብጥብጥን ለማውረስ ሲል ብቻ የሚጠቀምበት ነው የሚመስለው፡፡ <\/p>\n

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—-<\/p>\n

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ከላይ የጠቀስኳቸው ሁለት ምሁራን (ሞርዴኻይ አቢር እና ሀጋይ ኤርሊክ) ይሁዲዎች ናቸው፡፡ ነገር ግን ሁለቱም የተለያየ ምሁራዊ ልቀትና ርትእ ያላቸው ሆነው ተገኝተዋል፡፡ ምሁራን “የአቢርን መጽሐፍ ማንበብ አለብህ” እያሉ ሲናገሩ የነበሩት “በአቢር መጽሐፍ ውስጥ እውቀት አለልህ” ማለታቸው እንደሆነ ገብቶኛል፡፡  ሀጋይ ኤርሊክ ግን በታሪክ ስም ጽዮናዊ ፖለቲካውን የሚያሰራጭ ሸፍጠኛ ነው እንጂ የምሁር “ኳሊቲ” የለውም፡፡ <\/p>\n

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አንድ ነገር ግን አለ፡፡ ይሁዲ በሙሉ መጥፎ ነው የሚሉ ሰዎች አሉ፡፡ ስህተት ነው፡፡ በጣም ስህተት!! ይህ የአዶልፍ ሒትለርና የመሰሎቹ አስተሳሰብ ነው እንጂ የጤናማ ሰው አስተሳሰብ አይደለም፡፡ አይሁድ በሙሉ መጥፎ እንዳልሆነ ለመረዳት የሚሻ ሰው የፕሮፌሰር አቢርን መጽሐፍ ብቻ ማንበብ ይበቃዋል፡፡ የህዝብን አንድነት የሚያናጉትን እንደ ሀጋይ ኤርሊክ ዓይነቶቹን መሰሪ ጸሐፊዎች ግን ጠንቀቅ በሏቸው፡፡  <\/p>\n

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—–<\/p>\n

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First written on August 13\/2015<\/div>\n
Re-written on January 19\/2016<\/div>\n

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Read more ›<\/a><\/div>\n

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