{"id":478608,"date":"2015-12-28T13:52:36","date_gmt":"2015-12-28T18:52:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mereja.com\/amharic\/?p=478608"},"modified":"2015-12-28T13:52:36","modified_gmt":"2015-12-28T18:52:36","slug":"%e1%8a%a0%e1%8b%b2%e1%88%b5-%e1%8a%a0%e1%89%a3%e1%89%a3-%e1%88%b5%e1%88%88%e1%88%9d%e1%8a%95-%e1%89%b3%e1%8b%88%e1%8b%9b%e1%8c%8d%e1%89%a3%e1%88%88%e1%89%bd-%e1%89%a0%e1%8b%98%e1%88%8b%e1%88%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/478608","title":{"rendered":"\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1263\u1263 \u1235\u1208\u121d\u1295 \u1273\u12c8\u12db\u130d\u1263\u1208\u127d? \u1260\u12d8\u120b\u1208\u121d \u12ad\u1265\u1228\u1275"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1263\u1263 \u1235\u1208\u121d\u1295 \u1273\u12c8\u12db\u130d\u1263\u1208\u127d? \u1260\u12d8\u120b\u1208\u121d \u12ad\u1265\u1228\u1275<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u1215\u1229\u12ed \u121a\u1293\u1235 \u12a0\u1235\u12f0\u1293\u1242 \u1230\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1308\u1260\u122c \u120d\u1305\u1363 \u1260\u12a0\u1235\u122b\u12ce\u1279 \u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12e8\u1308\u1263\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12db\u121d \u12e8\u12a0\u1265\u1290\u1275 \u1270\u121b\u122a \u1206\u1290\u1293 \u1245\u12f3\u1234\u1293 \u1245\u1294 \u121e\u12ab\u12a8\u1228\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1231 \u12a0\u120d\u1206\u1295 \u1232\u1208\u12cd \u130e\u12f3\u1293 \u12c8\u1325\u1276 \u130e\u12f3\u1293 \u12a0\u12f3\u122a \u1206\u1290\u1361\u1361 \u1240\u1320\u1208\u1293 \u12e8\u1208\u121b\u129d \u1218\u122a (sighted guide) \u1206\u1290\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1231\u121d \u1232\u12eb\u120d\u134d \u2039\u1208\u121d\u1295 \u12a0\u120d\u121b\u122d\u121d?\u203a \u1265\u120e \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1270\u121b\u1228\u1293 \u12e9\u1295\u1268\u122d\u1232\u1272 \u1260\u1308\u1263 \u1260\u12d3\u1218\u1271 \u2039\u121b\u122d\u12ad\u1232\u1235\u1275\u203a \u1206\u1290\u1361\u1361 \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1271\u1295\u121d \u1208\u12a0\u1262\u12ee\u1271 \u1232\u1263\u120d \u1270\u12c8\u12cd\u1293 \u1218\u1345\u1203\u134d \u1290\u130b\u12f4 \u1206\u1290\u1361\u1361 \u121b\u122d\u12ad\u1232\u1235\u1275 \u1290\u130b\u12f4! \u2039\u12a8\u12c8\u1308\u1265 \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u1273\u1266\u1275\u1363 \u12a8\u12c8\u1308\u1265 \u1260\u1273\u127d \u1323\u12a6\u1275\u203a \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1209 \u12e8\u1275\u1293\u1295\u1275 \u1240\u12f3\u1239 \u1215\u1229\u12ed \u12db\u122c \u121b\u122d\u12ad\u1235\u12da\u121d\u1295 \u12c8\u12f0\u12f0\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1215\u1229\u12ed \u121b\u122d\u12ad\u1232\u12dd\u121d \u12a8\u1275\u1293\u1295\u1275 \u121b\u1295\u1290\u1271 \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12e8 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u12c8\u1230\u12f0\u12cd\u1363 \u12e8\u1218\u1345\u1203\u134d \u12a0\u122d\u1273\u12a2\u1290\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1218\u1345\u1203\u134d \u1232\u12eb\u1290\u1265\u1363 \u1232\u1270\u1228\u1309\u121d\u1363 \u1232\u1345\u134d\u1293 \u12e8\u12a0\u122d\u1275\u12a6 \u1235\u122b \u1232\u1230\u122b \u12cd\u120e \u132b\u1275 \u12ed\u1245\u121b\u120d\u1364 \u1260\u12db \u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u1228\u1244\u121d \u12ed\u121e\u12ab\u12ad\u122b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b \u12a0\u1260\u12f0\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12db \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u1215\u12ed\u12c8\u1271 \u121d\u12d5\u122b\u134d \u1265\u12d9 \u12eb\u1233\u12dd\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u1260\u128b\u120b \u12a8\u12a0\u12d5\u121d\u122e \u1215\u1218\u1219 \u1232\u12eb\u1308\u130d\u121d \u130d\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u122d\u121d \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u1361\u1361 \u2039\u12a5\u1265\u12f5\u203a \u12a5\u12eb\u1208 \u1232\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u130b\u1278\u12cd \u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275\u1295\u1293 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1273\u12cd\u1233\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1290\u1308\u122e\u127d \u1201\u1209 \u1260\u1270\u122d\u1273 \u1345\u134e \u2039\u12a5\u1265\u12f1\u203a \u1260\u121a\u120d \u122d\u12d5\u1235 \u1218\u1345\u1203\u134d \u12a0\u1233\u1270\u1218\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u1218\u1345\u1203\u1349 \u1208\u1215\u1229\u12ed \u12a8\u1265\u12d9 \u1235\u122b\u12ce\u1279 \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1235\u1208 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1208\u1218\u1343\u134d \u12a8\u1215\u1229\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u123b\u1208 \u121d\u1233\u120c \u121b\u130d\u129d\u1275 \u12ed\u12a8\u1265\u12f3\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1231\u121d \u2039\u12c8\u12ed \u12d0\u12f2\u1235 \u12d3\u1260\u1263\u203a \u1260\u121a\u120d \u122d\u12d5\u1235 (\u12a5\u12cd\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1308) \u1218\u1345\u1203\u134d \u1345\u134e \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1229\u1245 \u1232\u12eb\u12ed\u12cb\u1275 \u121d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121d\u1275\u1218\u1235\u120d \u12ed\u1270\u122d\u12ab\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1215\u1229\u12ed \u12e8\u1308\u1320\u122d \u1215\u12ed\u12c8\u1275 \u12a0\u12ed\u1295 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1308\u1290\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u1228\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u1215\u1229\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u12cd\u121d \u1260\u1218\u12f0\u1290\u1245 \u2039\u2039\u1208\u12ab \u12e8\u12d0\u12f2\u1235 \u12d3\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u1230\u12cd \u134e\u1276 \u12a5\u12eb\u1290\u1231 \u1290\u12cd \u12c8\u12f0 \u1308\u1320\u122d \u2039\u121d\u1235\u1208 \u1218\u120b\u12d5\u12ad\u1275\u1293 \u1230\u121b\u12d5\u1275\u203a \u12a5\u12eb\u1209 \u12e8\u121a\u120d\u12a9\u120d\u1295\u203a\u203a \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a5\u1231 \u12a8\u121a\u12eb\u12cd\u1240\u12cd \u1308\u1320\u122d\u1293 \u1215\u12dd\u1261 \u12a0\u1295\u1343\u122d \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1308\u1290\u1275\u1363 \u1290\u12cb\u122a\u12ce\u127f\u121d \u1218\u120d\u12d3\u12ad\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1291 \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u1343\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1308\u1290\u1275 \u1206\u1293 \u12a8\u1229\u1245 \u12e8\u1273\u12e8\u127d\u12cd \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1232\u1308\u1263\u1263\u1275 \u130e\u12f3\u1293 \u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u129d\u1273\u12cb\u120b\u127d\u1363 \u2039\u12a0\u1262\u12ee\u1270\u129b\u203a \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u130b\u12cb\u1208\u127d\u1363 \u12a0\u1233\u1265\u12f3 \u12a0\u1235\u1208\u134d\u120d\u134b\u12cb\u1208\u127d \u2026 \u1260\u1235\u1270\u122d\u1305\u1293\u12cd\u121d \u2039\u12a8\u130b\u122b \u12ae\u1295\u12f6\u121a\u1292\u12e8\u121d \u1264\u1276\u127f\u203a \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u12ed\u1296\u122d \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u1348\u1245\u12f3\u1208\u1273\u1208\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u1215\u1229\u12ed \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1263\u1263\u1295 \u12a8\u1229\u1245 \u12a0\u12ed\u1276 \u130e\u121d\u1305\u1276\u1263\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u1309\u12eb\u12cb \u1235\u122d \u1206\u1296\u121d \u1270\u1230\u1243\u12ed\u1276\u1263\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12db\u122c \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1215\u1229\u12ed\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12a8\u1263\u12a8\u1265\u12bb\u1208\u1201 \u12a5\u12eb\u1208\u127d\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1215\u1229\u12ed \u121a\u1293\u1235 &#8211; \u122b\u1231\u1295 \u2039\u12a0\u12cd\u130d\u1278\u12cd \u1270\u1228\u1348\u203a \u1265\u120e \u12e8\u1230\u12e8\u1218 \u1230\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u1215\u1229\u12ed \u1265\u127b \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1265\u12d9 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12ca\u12eb\u1295\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u1302\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12ca \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u12a8\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u121d \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1235\u120d\u1323\u1294 \u121d\u120d\u12ad\u1275 \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u130e \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1246\u1325\u122b\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u12cd\u121d \u120c\u120e\u127d \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u1219\u1275 \u12a8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u1321 \u1290\u12cb\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12dd\u1293\u1291\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u1201\u1209 \u12a5\u1235\u12aa\u1218\u1235\u120d \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u12e8\u120c\u120e\u127d \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d\u1295 \u12d5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u1201\u1209 \u12c8\u1233\u129f \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a5\u12e8\u1206\u1290\u127d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12cd\u132d \u1263\u1209 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12ce\u127d \u2039\u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f6\u127d \u1218\u1325\u1270\u12cb\u120d\u203a \u12a8\u1270\u1263\u1208 \u1290\u1308\u1229 \u1275\u120d\u1245 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f4\u121b \u2039\u12a5\u1237 \u12a5\u12ae \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1264\u1275 \u12a0\u120b\u1275\u203a \u1232\u1263\u120d \u1201\u1209 \u1290\u12cd \u1203\u1265\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1246\u1320\u1228\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1265\u127b \u1290\u127d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a8\u1263\u12f5 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u1215\u12dd\u1265 3.6 \u1260\u1218\u1276\u12cd \u1265\u127b \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1228\u12cd \u1240\u122a\u12cd \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12eb\u1208 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u121d\u1295\u12f5\u1295 \u1290\u12cd? \u12a5\u1235\u12aa\u1263\u120d \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1208\u1270\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12e8\u1235\u1260\u1275 \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120d (center of gravity) \u1293\u1275\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><span class=\"_5yi-\">1. &#8220;Addis Ababa: The 3rd most \u2018Primate City\u2019 on earth&#8221;<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u1305\u12a6\u130d\u122b\u1348\u1229 <a href=\"http:\/\/l.facebook.com\/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fcommons.emich.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1001%26context%3Dbooks&amp;h=uAQHbOfgz&amp;s=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u121b\u122d\u12ad \u1300\u1348\u122d\u1230\u1295<\/a> \u1260\u130e\u122d\u130e\u122e\u1233\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u12a0\u1246\u1323\u1320\u122d \u12601939 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u121d\u1325\u1325\u1295 (balance) \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u120d\u1345 \u1203\u1233\u1265 \u12ed\u12de \u1265\u1245 \u12a0\u1208\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a0\u12cd\u122b \u12a8\u1270\u121b (Primate City) \u1345\u1295\u1230 \u1203\u1233\u1265\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1300\u1348\u122d\u1230\u1295 \u12a0\u1308\u120b\u1208\u1345 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1260\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12ab\u1209\u1275 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u1260\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1241\u1325\u122d \u1275\u120d\u1241 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1293 \u12e8\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1241\u1325\u1229\u121d \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12a8\u121a\u12a8\u1270\u1208\u12cd \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1260\u12a5\u1325\u134d \u1232\u1260\u120d\u1325 \u12eb \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u2039\u12a0\u12cd\u122b \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u203a (<a href=\"http:\/\/l.facebook.com\/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F209944%3Fseq%3D1%23page_scan_tab_contentshttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F209944%3Fseq%3D1%23page_scan_tab_contents&amp;h=FAQGKmnFJ&amp;s=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Primate City<\/a>) \u12ed\u1263\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 (\u1260\u128b\u120b \u1260\u1300\u122d\u1218\u1293\u12ca\u12cd \u1305\u12a6\u130d\u122b\u1348\u122d \u12cb\u120d\u1270\u122d \u12ad\u122b\u12ed\u1235\u1275\u1208\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1320\u1228\u12cd \u12e8Central Place Theory (CPT) \u1260\u1260\u12a9\u1209 \u12a0\u12cd\u122b\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12ab\u12cd \u12a0\u12cd\u122b\u12cd \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a8\u1270\u12a8\u1273\u12e9 \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1275 \u12d5\u1325\u134d \u12a8\u1260\u1208\u1320 \u1290\u12cd \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u120c\u120b \u1218\u12a8\u122b\u12a8\u122a\u12eb \u12a0\u1245\u122d\u1267\u120d)\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u121b\u1295\u129b\u12cd\u121d \u1300\u1348\u122d\u1230\u1295 \u12ed\u1204\u1295 \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a0\u12cd\u122b\u1290\u1275 \u1218\u1235\u1348\u122d\u1275 (primacy rule) \u12ab\u1235\u1240\u1218\u1320 \u12a8\u12a0\u1235\u122d \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u1260\u1270\u1208\u121d\u12f6 \u2018Zipf\u2019s law\u2019 \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u1208\u12cd\u1293 \u1260\u1233\u12ed\u1295\u1233\u12ca\u12cd \u12a0\u1320\u122b\u122d \u2018<a href=\"http:\/\/l.facebook.com\/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statisticalconsultants.co.nz%2Fblog%2Fthe-rank-size-rule-of-city-populations.htmlhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.statisticalconsultants.co.nz%2Fblog%2Fthe-rank-size-rule-of-city-populations.html&amp;h=tAQGa-KCo&amp;s=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">Rank Size Rule<\/a>\u2019 \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1208 \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u122b\u12cd \u12e8\u121d\u1325\u1325\u1295 (proportionality) \u1202\u1233\u1265 \u1260\u12a0\u121c\u122a\u12ab\u12ca\u12cd \u12e8\u1235\u1290 \u124b\u1295\u124b \u121d\u1201\u122d \u1306\u122d\u1305 \u12da\u1352\u134d \u1265\u1245 \u12a0\u1208\u1361\u1361 \u12da\u1352\u134d \u121d\u1325\u1325\u1291\u1295 \u12a8\u124b\u1295\u124b \u130b\u122d \u12a0\u12eb\u12ed\u12de \u12eb\u1240\u1228\u1260\u12cd \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12c8\u12f0\u120c\u120e\u127d \u1309\u12f3\u12ee\u127d\u121d \u12a0\u12f5\u1313\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12da\u1352\u134d \u120e\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1200\u1308\u122d \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u1324\u1290\u129b \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1200\u1308\u122d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12ab\u1208\u12cd \u1260\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1241\u1325\u1229 \u1275\u120d\u1241 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1240\u1325\u120e \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u129d\u12cd \u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1260\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1275\u120d\u1241 \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u12cd\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u130d\u121b\u123d \u12eb\u12ad\u120d \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12ed\u1296\u122d\u1260\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1236\u1235\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u1275\u120d\u1245 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12e8\u1275\u120d\u1241\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1232\u1236 \u12eb\u1205\u120d \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u120a\u1296\u122d\u1260\u1275 \u12ed\u1308\u1263\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u122b\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u1275\u120d\u1245 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12e8\u1275\u120d\u1241\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1229\u1265 \u12eb\u1205\u120d \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u120a\u1296\u122d\u1260\u1275 \u12ed\u1308\u1263\u120d\u2026 \u12a5\u12eb\u1208 \u121d\u1325\u1325\u1291\u1295 \u12ed\u1240\u1325\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f2\u1205 \u12ed\u1204\u1295 \u1205\u120d\u12ee\u1273\u12ca \u1218\u1290\u123b \u12ed\u12d8\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a0\u12cd\u122b \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1218\u1296\u122d \u121d\u1295\u1295 \u12eb\u1218\u120b\u12ad\u1273\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u1235\u1293\u12ed \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u1215\u120d\u12ee\u1276\u1279 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1208\u1345\u120d\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1200\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u12cd\u122b \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a0\u120b\u1275 \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a0\u12cd\u122b \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u12e8\u1275\u12a9\u1228\u1275 \u1290\u1325\u1265 (national focal point) \u1290\u12cd \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12db\u121d \u1263\u1208\u1348 \u12eb \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271\u1295 \u121b\u1215\u1260\u122b\u12ca\u1363 \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u12ca\u1293 \u12a2\u12ae\u1296\u121a\u12eb\u12ca \u1309\u12f3\u12ee\u127d \u1260\u12cb\u1290\u129b\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u12eb\u129d (strong pull factor) \u1290\u12cd \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u120c\u120b \u12a0\u1290\u130b\u1308\u122d \u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u12e8\u1295\u1309\u1233\u12ca \u130d\u122d\u121b (King Effect) \u1230\u1208\u1263 \u1290\u127d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1235\u1208 \u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u121b\u12cd\u122b\u1275 \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1235\u1208 \u12a0\u12cd\u122b\u12cd \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u121b\u12cd\u122b\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205\u121d \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u12d3\u12a8\u1209 (center) \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u12f3\u122d \u1200\u1308\u1229 (periphery) \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12e8\u12a5\u12a9\u120d\u1290\u1275 \u121a\u12db\u1295 \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u1270\u12db\u1265\u1277\u120d (imbalance) \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><span class=\"_5yi-\">1.1. \u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b \u12a8\u1270\u121b (Secondary City)<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u1260\u120c\u120b \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a8\u1245\u122d\u1265 \u130a\u12dc \u12c8\u12f2\u1205 \u12e8\u12a0\u12cd\u122b \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1295 \u1348\u1270\u1293 \u1208\u1218\u12a8\u120b\u12a8\u120d\u1293 \u134d\u1275\u1203\u12ca \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1296\u122d \u1232\u1263\u120d \u12e8\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u1263\u1295\u12ad\u1295 \u1328\u121d\u122e \u1265\u12d9 \u1356\u120a\u1232 \u12a0\u12cd\u132d\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b \u12a8\u1270\u121b (Secondary City) \u12a0\u121b\u122b\u132d\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u1245\u1228\u1265 \u120b\u12ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wilsoncenter.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fcivis_secondary_cities_final.pdfhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.wilsoncenter.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fcivis_secondary_cities_final.pdf&amp;h=jAQEoylDa&amp;s=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u12ed\u1308\u129b\u1209<\/a>\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a8\u1275\u120d\u1241 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1263\u1208\u1348 \u1260\u1200\u1308\u122b\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a8\u1275\u120d\u1241 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1265\u12d9\u121d \u12eb\u120d\u122b\u1241 (\u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f6\u127d \u12a8500,000 \u2013 3,000,000 \u1290\u12cb\u122a \u12eb\u1208\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u1232\u1209 \u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u12eb\u1265\u122b\u122b\u1209) \u12a0\u121b\u122b\u132d \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d\u1295 \u1218\u134d\u1320\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12f0\u1261\u1265 \u121d\u1235\u122b\u1245 \u12a5\u1235\u12eb \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u1260\u1323\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u1233\u12ab\u1208\u1275 \u12e8\u12d3\u1208\u121b\u127d\u1295 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><span class=\"_5yi-\">1.2. \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1235? <\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1295 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u1235\u1295\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1275 \u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12a8\u1240\u1228\u1261\u1275 \u1215\u120d\u12ee\u1276\u127d\u1293 \u12e8\u1356\u120a\u1232 \u12a0\u12cd\u132d\u12ce\u127d \u121d\u12ad\u1228 \u1203\u1233\u1265 \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u1260\u1270\u1243\u122b\u1292\u12cd \u12a5\u1293\u1308\u129b\u1273\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120b\u12ca \u1235\u1273\u1275\u1235\u1272\u12ad\u1235 \u1263\u1208\u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1260\u1203\u121d\u120c 2007 \u1263\u12c8\u1323\u12cd \u122a\u1356\u122d\u1275 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb 973 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u120f\u1275 \u12e8\u1308\u1208\u1340 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1364 \u12a8\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u1215\u12dd\u1265\u121d 19 \u1260\u1218\u1276 \u12e8\u121a\u1206\u1290\u12cd (\u12ed\u1205 \u12a0\u1203\u12dd \u12a0\u12a8\u122b\u12ab\u122a \u1290\u12cd) \u1260\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12ed\u1296\u122b\u120d \u12ed\u120b\u120d \u122a\u1356\u122d\u1271\u1361\u1361 \u121d\u1295\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb 973 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u1262\u1296\u122f\u1275\u121d \u12a8\u12a0\u121d\u1235\u1271 \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1290\u12cb\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u1260\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1228\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u120c\u120b \u12a0\u1290\u130b\u1308\u122d \u1260\u12a0\u1201\u1291 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12cd\u1235\u1325 (\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u1233\u12ed\u1328\u121d\u122d) \u12a8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1218\u1276 \u123a\u1205 \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u12a0\u1235\u122b \u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u12eb\u1209 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1364 \u12e8\u12a0\u1235\u122b \u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1271 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1270\u12f0\u121d\u122e \u12a8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u130b\u122d \u12a5\u12a9\u120d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12e8\u121b\u122d\u12ad \u1300\u1348\u122d\u1230\u1295\u1295 \u12e8\u12a0\u12cd\u122b\u1290\u1275 \u1215\u130d (primacy rule) \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u121d\u1325\u1270\u1295 \u1235\u1295\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1275 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u12a8\u12a0\u12cd\u122b\u121d \u12a0\u12cd\u122b \u1206\u1293 \u12a5\u1293\u1308\u129b\u1273\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1204\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u1206\u1290\u12cd \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1200\u1308\u122d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u1275\u120d\u1245 \u12a8\u1270\u121b (\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263) \u1260\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12ab\u1208\u12cd \u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b \u1275\u120d\u1245 \u12a8\u1270\u121b (\u1260\u1203\u121d\u120c\u12cd \u12e8\u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120b\u12ca \u1235\u1273\u1275\u1235\u1272\u12ad\u1235 \u1263\u1208\u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u122a\u1356\u122d\u1275 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12a0\u12f3\u121b \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1293\u1275 \u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b\u12cb \u1265\u12d9 \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u122d\u1263\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u121b) \u1260\u12a5\u1325\u134d \u12a8\u1260\u1208\u1320 \u12a0\u12cd\u122b \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1263\u120d \u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u12e8\u1295 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1235\u120c\u1275 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275\u121d \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u12a8\u1273\u12e9 \u12a0\u12f3\u121b \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a0\u1235\u122b \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a5\u1325\u134d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121d\u1275\u1260\u120d\u1325\u1293 \u12ed\u1204\u121d \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1273\u12ed\u120b\u1295\u12f7\u1363 \u1263\u1295\u12ae\u12ad\u1293 \u12a8\u1354\u1229\u12cb \u120a\u121b \u1240\u1325\u120b \u1260\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u120b\u12ed <a href=\"http:\/\/l.facebook.com\/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.urbanistdispatch.com%2F2393%2Fplanet-of-the-primate-cities%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.urbanistdispatch.com%2F2393%2Fplanet-of-the-primate-cities%2F&amp;h=4AQEhdeKV&amp;s=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u1236\u1235\u1270\u129b\u12cb<\/a> \u12a0\u12cd\u122b \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1232\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u130b\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a0\u1295\u12f0\u129b\u12cb \u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u130b\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u120c\u120b \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12ed\u1205 \u130d\u12dd\u1348\u1277 \u12e8\u12da\u12ae\u134d\u1295 \u12e8\u121d\u1325\u1325\u1295 \u120e\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u1218\u1270\u130d\u1260\u122d \u121b\u1230\u1265\u121d \u12a8\u1263\u12f5 \u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1308\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u1270\u12db\u1263 \u121d\u1325\u1325\u1295 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1218\u1218\u1235\u1228\u1277 \u1300\u121d\u122e \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1320\u1228 \u1290\u12cd \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a8\u1263\u12f5 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a0\u1208\u1348\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u1276 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u1265\u1295\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1275 \u12601910 \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1215\u12dd\u1265 65,000 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228 \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u12ed\u1205 \u1241\u1325\u122d\u121d \u1260\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u12a8\u1200\u1228\u122d \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u130b\u122d \u12a5\u12a9\u120d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1203\u12eb \u12a0\u121d\u1235\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1260\u128b\u120b 1935 \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1215\u12dd\u1265 100,000 \u1206\u1290\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u120c\u120b \u1203\u12eb \u12a0\u121d\u1235\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12601961 \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1215\u12dd\u1265 443,728 \u12f0\u1228\u1230\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1201\u1295\u121d \u12a8\u120c\u120b \u1203\u12eb \u12a0\u121d\u1235\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275\u121d \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12601984 \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1215\u12dd\u1265 1,423,111 \u12f0\u1228\u1230\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b\u121d \u12a835 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12602015 \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12a8\u12a5\u1325\u134d \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u1328\u121d\u122e \u12db\u122c 3,194,000 \u12f0\u122d\u1237\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1218\u1276 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u1260\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u1260\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1241\u1325\u122d \u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b \u12a8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u127d\u12cd \u12e8\u1200\u1228\u122d \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u130b\u122d \u1270\u1218\u1323\u1323\u129d \u1241\u1325\u122d \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12db\u122c \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12a8\u121d\u1275\u1308\u129d\u12cd \u12a0\u12f3\u121b \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a0\u1235\u122b \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a5\u1325\u134d \u1260\u120d\u1323 \u1260\u12a0\u12cd\u122b \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u1229\u1245 \u1270\u1240\u121d\u1323\u1208\u127d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u1235\u1273\u1295\u120a \u1265\u1229\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1209 \u1340\u1203\u134a \u2039\u2039\u12e8\u12a0\u12cd\u122b \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1218\u1296\u122d \u1260\u122b\u1231 \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u1324\u1293\u121b \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u120d\u1206\u1290\u1293 \u12e8\u1270\u12db\u1263 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u121b\u1233\u12eb \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1204\u121d \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u1209 (center) \u12a8\u12f3\u1229 (periphery) \u12a0\u1208\u1218\u1218\u1323\u1320\u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12eb\u1235\u1308\u1290\u12dd\u1260\u1293\u120d\u203a \u12ed\u120b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f2\u1205 \u12e8\u12a0\u1201\u1297 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1295 \u134d\u1275\u1203\u12ca\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1260\u12f0\u1295\u1265 \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1308\u120d\u1343\u1275 \u12ed\u1218\u1235\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1260\u1273\u122a\u12b3 \u1236\u1235\u1275 \u130a\u12dc \u12a8\u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1290\u1277 \u12e8\u1218\u1240\u12e8\u122d \u12a5\u1323 \u134b\u1295\u1273 \u1270\u130b\u122d\u1326\u1263\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121d\u1295\u121d \u12a0\u120d\u134b\u12cb\u1208\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb\u12cd \u1260\u12a0\u1344 \u121d\u1292\u120d\u12ad \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12cb \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u121b\u1308\u12f6 \u12a5\u1295\u1328\u1275 \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1241 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cd \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u1208\u1218\u1240\u12e8\u122d \u1260\u1273\u1230\u1260\u1260\u1275 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u1263\u1205\u122d \u12db\u134d \u12a8\u12a0\u12cd\u1235\u1275\u122b\u120a\u12eb \u1218\u1325\u1276 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u12a8\u1218\u1240\u12e8\u122d \u12a0\u12f5\u1297\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b \u130a\u12dc \u1323\u120a\u12eb\u1295 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u1246\u1323\u1320\u1228\u1260\u1275 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1270\u122b\u122b\u121b \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u120b\u12ed \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1297 \u1323\u120a\u12eb\u1296\u1279 \u12e8\u122b\u1233\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1245\u129d \u130d\u12db\u1275 \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b (colonial city) \u1260\u12f0\u1261\u1265 \u121d\u12d5\u122b\u1265 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u1208\u1218\u1218\u1235\u1228\u1275 \u1325\u1228\u1275 \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u1308\u12cd \u1260\u134b\u12ed\u1293\u1295\u1235 \u12a5\u1325\u1228\u1275 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u120a\u1270\u12c9\u1275 \u127d\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d \u12a0\u1344 \u1283\u12ed\u1208\u1235\u120b\u1234 \u12e8\u1240\u12f0\u1218\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u1295\u1240\u1233\u1243\u123d \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b (roving cities) \u120d\u121d\u12f5 \u1208\u121b\u1235\u1240\u1320\u120d\u1293 \u12e8\u122b\u1233\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1208\u121b\u124b\u124b\u121d \u1260\u121b\u1230\u1265 \u1263\u1205\u122d\u12f3\u122d\u1295 \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1278\u12cd \u1208\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u12a0\u1235\u1260\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1290\u1260\u122d \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1340\u1203\u134a\u12cd \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u130d\u12f0\u12ed \u2039\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12eb\u1265\u1263\u120d \u1308\u1293\u203a \u1263\u1209\u1275 \u1218\u1345\u1203\u134b\u1278\u12cd \u120b\u12ed \u12ed\u1320\u1241\u121b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12db\u122c \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1265\u127b \u1233\u1275\u1206\u1295 \u2039\u1200\u1308\u122d\u203a \u1293\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1260\u1273\u127e\u127f\u1295 \u1260\u1229\u1245 \u12e8\u121d\u1273\u12ed \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u1260\u120c\u120b \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u12a5\u1290 \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u1263\u1295\u12ad \u12a5\u12eb\u1235\u1270\u12cb\u12c8\u1241\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u129d\u12cd \u12e8\u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b \u12a8\u1270\u121b (Secondary City) \u1345\u1295\u1230 \u1203\u1233\u1265\u121d \u1260\u12a0\u1201\u1297 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1266\u1273 \u12e8\u120c\u1208\u12cd \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u1293 \u12e8\u1295\u130d\u12f5 \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120d\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u12a0\u12cd\u122b\u12cb\u1295 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u121a\u12db\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1364 \u1270\u1235\u134b \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a0\u1208 \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1260\u1323\u121d \u12a8\u1263\u12f5 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a0\u12cd\u122b\u1290\u1275\u121d \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb\u1295 \u1260\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1260\u1290\u12cb\u122a \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12e8\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1273\u12ca \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120e\u1276\u127d \u1260\u1240\u120b\u1209 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u129d\u1263\u1275 (the highest concentration of basic service facilities per population) \u1240\u12f3\u121a \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u1313\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1204\u121d \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb\u1295 \u2018privileged position\u2019 \u12eb\u1230\u1323\u1275 \u12a8\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u120c\u120b\u1364 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u130d\u12d9\u134d\u1293 \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u12f0\u1228\u1235\u1263\u1275 \u12a0\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u1313\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u121d\u1235\u1228\u1273 \u130b\u122d \u1270\u12eb\u12ed\u12d8\u12cd \u12a8\u121a\u1290\u1308\u1229 \u12a0\u1348 \u1273\u122a\u12ae\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1\u1363 \u12e8\u12a0\u1344 \u121d\u1292\u120d\u12ad \u1203\u12ed\u1208 \u1218\u1208\u12ae\u1275 \u12a0\u12eb\u1275 \u12e8\u1206\u1291\u1275 \u1295\u1309\u1230 \u1238\u12cb \u1233\u1205\u1208\u1235\u120b\u1234 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u1309\u1208\u120c \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u129d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12db\u134d \u1235\u122d \u1241\u132d \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u2039\u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u12e8\u120d\u1305 \u120d\u1306\u127c \u1275\u120d\u1245 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1232\u1218\u1230\u122d\u1271 \u12ed\u1273\u12e8\u129b\u120d\u203a \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u1290\u1260\u122d \u12ed\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1233\u1205\u1208\u1235\u120b\u1234 \u12e8\u12db\u122c\u12cb\u1295 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1262\u12eb\u12e9 \u2039\u12a5\u1295\u12f4 \u12a5\u1294 \u1260\u122b\u12d5\u12ed \u12eb\u12e8\u1201\u1275 \u12a5\u12ae \u1200\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1290\u12cd\u203a \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u1218\u12f0\u1293\u1308\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1240\u122d \u12a0\u12ed\u1218\u1235\u1208\u129d\u121d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1200\u1308\u122e\u127d \u1270\u121e\u12ad\u122e \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u12eb\u1233\u12e8\u1295 \u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121d \u2039\u12a0\u12cd\u122b \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1295\u203a (Primate City) \u12eb\u1320\u134b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12f0\u1261\u1265 \u121d\u1235\u122b\u1245 \u1270\u121e\u12ad\u122e \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u12eb\u1233\u12e8\u1295 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u120d\u121b\u1273\u12ca \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1260\u12db \u12eb\u1209 \u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d\u1295 (Secondary Cities) \u12ed\u1348\u1325\u122b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u12cd\u122b\u12cb \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12e8\u12a0\u12cd\u122b\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u12cd\u122b \u12a5\u12e8\u1206\u1290\u127d \u12a5\u12e8\u1204\u12f0\u127d \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u12cd\u122b \u1265\u127b \u1233\u1275\u1206\u1295 \u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u121d (Secondary City) \u122b\u1237 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1290\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1265\u127b\u12cb\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u1308\u12dd\u134b \u12e8\u12a0\u12cd\u122b\u121d \u12a0\u12cd\u122b \u12a5\u1235\u12ad\u1275\u1206\u1295 \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u1356\u120a\u1232 \u12a0\u12cd\u132d\u12ce\u1279 \u12e8\u1275 \u1202\u12f0\u12cd \u1290\u12cd \u1265\u120e \u1218\u1320\u12e8\u1245 \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u130b\u122d \u1270\u1308\u1262 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a0\u1201\u1297 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1215\u130b\u12ca (Legal status) \u121d\u1295\u12f5\u1295 \u1290\u12cd \u1265\u1208\u1295\u121d \u1218\u1320\u12e8\u1245 \u1270\u1308\u1262 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><span class=\"_5yi-\">2. \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u121d\u1295\u12f5\u1295 \u1293\u1275? <\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275\u1295 \u1260\u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12a8\u1270\u1240\u1260\u1208\u127d \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u122d\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275\u1295 \u12a0\u1235\u1246\u1325\u122b\u1208\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275\u121d \u1260\u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12d8\u1320\u129d \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d\u1295\u1293 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d (\u12f5\u122c \u12f3\u12cb \u1260\u1236\u121b\u120c\u1293 \u1260\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u12ed\u1308\u1263\u129b\u120d \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u2039\u12d8\u120b\u1242 \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u1215\u130b\u12ca \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214 \u12a5\u1235\u12aa\u12eb\u1308\u129d\u203a \u1208\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u1270\u1320\u122a \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u12cb\u1305 \u1241\u1325\u122d 416\/1996 \u12e8\u1270\u124b\u124b\u1218\u127d \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u1293\u1275) \u1260\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u1270\u124b\u1241\u121f\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb\u1295 \u1260\u1215\u130d \u1208\u121b\u124b\u124b\u121d \u1260\u12c8\u1321\u1275 \u127b\u122d\u1270\u122e\u127d \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u1215\u130b\u12ca \u2039\u1235\u1273\u1270\u1235\u203a (\u12a8\u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1290\u1275 \u1263\u1208\u1348) \u1260\u130d\u120d\u1345 \u1263\u1208\u1218\u1240\u1218\u1321\u121d \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u2039\u1235\u1273\u1270\u1235\u203a \u1208\u1270\u1218\u1233\u1233\u12ed \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u1218\u120d\u1236\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u12e8\u1230\u1320 \u1240\u1325\u120f\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u120b\u12ed \u1263\u1209 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1276\u127d \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u1260\u121a\u12a8\u1270\u1209\u1275 \u1236\u1235\u1275 \u130e\u122b\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u120b\u12ed \u12ed\u1218\u12f0\u1263\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u122b\u1231\u1295 \u12e8\u127b\u1208 \u12ad\u120d\u120d (City State)\u1363 \u1260\u1215\u130d \u1260\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1240\u1320\u1293\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u12f0\u1260 \u12a8\u1270\u121b (Federal District)\u1363 \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u129d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a8\u1270\u121b (A City in A State)\u1361\u1361 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u121d \u1260\u1215\u130d \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275\u1295 \u12eb\u124b\u124b\u1218\u127d \u1200\u1308\u122d \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1297 \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1260\u12e8\u1275\u129b\u12cd \u130e\u122b \u1275\u1218\u12f0\u1263\u1208\u127d \u1208\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a0\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u1218\u120d\u1235 \u121b\u130d\u129d\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u1278\u130b\u122a \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u12a0\u1235\u1278\u130b\u122a \u1201\u1294\u1273\u121d \u1290\u12cd \u1260\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1293 \u1260\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u12cd\u12dd\u130d\u1265 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u1348\u1273 \u12a0\u12ed\u1290\u1270\u129b \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12cb\u1345\u12a6 \u12a5\u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1308 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12a8\u1270\u1320\u1240\u1231\u1275 \u1236\u1235\u1271 \u1218\u12f0\u1266\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u1343\u122d \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u2039\u1235\u1273\u1270\u1235 \u1218\u1218\u120d\u12a8\u1275\u203a \u1309\u12f3\u12e9\u1295 \u1260\u1260\u1208\u1320 \u12a5\u1295\u12f5\u1295\u1228\u12f3\u12cd \u12ed\u1228\u12f3\u1293\u120d\u1293 \u12a5\u1231\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u1218\u120d\u12a8\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u1218\u1206\u1291 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u121d\u1295\u12f5\u1295 \u1293\u1275?<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><span class=\"_5yi-\">2.1. \u122b\u1237\u1295 \u12e8\u127b\u1208\u127d \u12ad\u120d\u120d (City State) \u1293\u1275<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275\u1295 \u1270\u130d\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1309 \u1200\u1308\u122e\u127d \u12a8\u121a\u12eb\u130b\u1325\u121f\u1278\u12cd \u1348\u1270\u1293\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1295 \u1218\u121d\u1228\u1325\u1293 \u1218\u1230\u12e8\u121d \u1290\u12cd (\u12e8\u1235\u12ca\u12d8\u122d\u120b\u1295\u12f5 \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1260\u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a8\u1218\u1230\u12e8\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u1246\u1320\u1260\u12cd\u121d \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u12cd\u12dd\u130d\u1265 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u1290\u12cd)\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1235\u122d\u12a3\u1275 \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1235\u122b\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u1209 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u1260\u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u12a8\u134d\u120d \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291 \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb\u1295 \u12e8\u1275\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u120b\u12ed \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u12a0\u1208\u1265\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12a0\u12c8\u12db\u130b\u1262 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1300\u122d\u1218\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u1264\u120d\u1305\u12e8\u121d \u12eb\u1209 \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1200\u1308\u122e\u127d \u1208\u12da\u1205 \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214 \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u12eb\u1240\u1228\u1261\u1275 \u1200\u1233\u1265 \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cd\u1295 \u122b\u1231\u1295 \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u120d \u121b\u12d5\u1228\u130d \u1260\u1218\u1235\u1320\u1275 \u12a8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u1209\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u12a8\u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1273\u1275 \u1290\u1343 \u121b\u12cd\u1323\u1275\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u1260\u122d\u120a\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u1201\u1291 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u12a8\u12a0\u1235\u122b \u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1271 \u12e8\u1300\u122d\u1218\u1295 \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f7\u1293 \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1235\u1275\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u1264\u120d\u1300\u121f \u1265\u122b\u1230\u120d\u1235\u121d \u12a8\u1264\u120d\u1305\u12e8\u121d \u1236\u1235\u1275 \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f7 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u134e\u12ab\u12ab\u122a\u12ce\u1279 \u134d\u120c\u121a\u123d\u1293 \u12cb\u120e\u1295 \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u12a0\u1235\u1273\u122b\u1242 \u1201\u1293 \u1260\u1218\u1203\u120d \u1275\u1308\u129b\u1208\u127d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u1273\u12f2\u12eb \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u121e\u12f4\u120d \u130b\u122d \u121d\u1295 \u12a0\u1308\u1293\u129b\u1275? \u1260\u122d\u130d\u1325 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1260\u1235\u122b \u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u1215\u1308\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12eb\u124b\u124b\u1218\u12cd \u12d8\u1320\u129d \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d\u1295 \u1265\u127b \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a8\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u12cd\u132d \u1293\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u1260\u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1290\u1275 \u12eb\u124b\u124b\u1218\u12cd \u12e8\u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 49\u1295 \u1260\u1325\u120d\u1240\u1275 \u1235\u1295\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1275 \u1260\u1295\u12d1\u1235 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u122b\u1237\u1295 \u1260\u122b\u1237 \u12e8\u121b\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u1219\u1209 \u1218\u1265\u1275 \u12ed\u1230\u1323\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345\u121d \u1260\u123d\u130d\u130d\u122d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u12cb\u1305 \u1241\u1325\u122d 07\/1984 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u122b\u1235 \u1308\u12dd \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u124b\u124b\u1218\u127d\u12cd\u1295 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u1218\u1295\u1348\u1235 \u12eb\u1320\u1293\u12ad\u122b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1204\u1295\u121d \u1235\u1295\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1275 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1260\u1270\u130d\u1263\u122d (de facto) \u122b\u1237\u1295 \u12e8\u127b\u1208\u127d \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1275\u1218\u1235\u120b\u1208\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1290\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295 \u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u122b\u1237\u1295 \u127d\u120b \u1260\u1215\u130d \u12f0\u1228\u1303 (de jure) \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u12f5\u1275\u1206\u1295 \u12a8\u123d\u130d\u130d\u1229 \u130a\u12dc \u1300\u121d\u122e \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u12e8\u121a\u130e\u1270\u1309\u1271 \u12a0\u12ab\u120b\u1275 \u1265\u12d9 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><span class=\"_5yi-\">2.2. \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1240\u1320\u1293 (Federal District) \u1293\u1275<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u1260\u120c\u120b \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u121d\u1228\u1325 \u1348\u1270\u1293 \u1208\u121b\u1208\u134d \u1260\u12db \u12eb\u1209\u1275 \u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1200\u1308\u122e\u127d \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb\u1295 \u1260\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1240\u1320\u1293\u1290\u1275 (Federal District) \u1260\u1215\u130d \u1260\u1218\u12a8\u1208\u120d \u1270\u1320\u122a\u1290\u1277\u1295 \u1219\u1209 \u1208\u1219\u1209 \u1208\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12e8\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d\u1295 \u12a0\u1230\u122b\u122d \u12ed\u1320\u1240\u121b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12da\u1205 \u1325\u1229 \u121d\u1233\u120c \u12e8\u121a\u1206\u1291\u1275 \u12a0\u121c\u122a\u12ab\u1293 \u1215\u1295\u12f5 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u121c\u122a\u12ab \u12a8\u121c\u122a\u120b\u1295\u12f5\u1293 \u12a8\u1268\u122d\u1305\u1292\u12eb \u130d\u12db\u1276\u127d \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u12cd\u1230\u12f5 \u12cb\u123d\u1295\u130d\u1270\u1295 \u12f2\u1232\u1295 \u1260\u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1290\u1275 \u1230\u12ed\u121b (\u1235\u134b\u1271 \u12a8\u12a0\u1235\u122d \u121b\u12ed\u120d \u1218\u1265\u1208\u1325 \u12e8\u1208\u1260\u1275\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1308\u12f0\u1265 \u1260\u121b\u1235\u1240\u1218\u1325) \u1270\u1320\u122a\u1290\u1277\u1295 \u1208\u12ae\u1295\u130d\u1228\u1235 \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u130b\u1208\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u1215\u1295\u12f5\u121d \u12f4\u120d\u1202\u1295 \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1293 \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1240\u1320\u1293 \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u130b \u1270\u1320\u122a\u1290\u1271\u1295 \u1208\u121d\u12ad\u122d \u1264\u1275 \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u130b\u1208\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u12a0\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a0\u12f0\u1228\u1303\u1300\u1275 \u12e8\u122b\u1231 \u12e8\u1206\u1290 (\u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed\u121d \u12a8\u121d\u122d\u132b\u1363 \u130d\u1265\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u1218\u1265\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u1343\u122d) \u127d\u130d\u122e\u127d \u12eb\u1209\u1260\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1273\u127d \u1208\u121b\u12e8\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u1235\u1295\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1275 \u12e8\u1205\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 49 (3) \u12a5\u1293 (4) \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1270\u1320\u122a\u1290\u1277 \u1208\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u1209 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1218\u1206\u1291\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u130d\u1208\u1345 \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1240\u1320\u1293 \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1240\u1320\u1293 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u1260\u1270\u12d8\u12cb\u12cb\u122a \u12eb\u1235\u1228\u12f3\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u1265\u12d9 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1235\u121b\u1219\u1260\u1275 \u1203\u1233\u1265 \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d \u1270\u12eb\u12eb\u12e5 \u127d\u130d\u122e\u127d \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u12e8\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u1218\u1290\u1233\u1278\u12cd \u12a0\u120d\u1240\u1228\u121d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><span class=\"_5yi-\">2.3. \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1308\u129d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a8\u1270\u121b (A City in a State) \u1293\u1275<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u120c\u120b\u12cd \u12a8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a0\u1218\u1230\u122b\u1228\u1275 \u130b\u122d \u1270\u12eb\u12ed\u12de \u12e8\u121a\u1240\u122d\u1260\u12cd \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb\u1295 \u12a8\u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d (States) \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u120b\u12ed \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d\u1293 \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u1270\u1308\u1262\u12cd\u1295 \u1325\u1245\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u1308\u1299 \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12da\u1205 \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214 \u121d\u1233\u120c \u1270\u12f0\u122d\u130b \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1240\u122d\u1260\u12cd \u12ab\u1293\u12f3 \u1290\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12ab\u1293\u12f3\u12cb \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a6\u1273\u12cb \u12a8\u12ab\u1293\u12f3 \u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1275 \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f7 \u1260\u1206\u1290\u127d\u12cd \u12a6\u1295\u1273\u122a\u12ce \u130d\u12db\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1308\u129d \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1290\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u12a6\u1295\u1273\u122a\u12ce\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1218\u1240\u1218\u132b \u12ad\u120d\u120d\u1290\u1277 \u12a8\u12a6\u1273\u12cb \u121b\u130d\u129d\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1263\u1275 \u1325\u1245\u121d \u1260\u1215\u130d \u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u1290\u1308\u1308\u1293 \u12e8\u1340\u1293 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u12a0\u12ab\u1214\u12f5 \u1260\u120c\u120e\u127d \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u1245\u122c\u1273 \u12ed\u1348\u1325\u122b\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1275\u127d\u1275 \u12ed\u1240\u122d\u1265\u1260\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u1295\u1343\u122d \u1235\u1295\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1270\u12cd \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u1260\u1320\u1240\u1235\u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 49 (5) \u120b\u12ed \u2039\u12e8\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u12ad\u120d\u120d [\u2026] \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1260\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1218\u1203\u120d \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u129d \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291 [\u2026] \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u120d\u12e9 \u1325\u1245\u121d \u12ed\u1320\u1260\u1245\u1208\u1273\u120d\u203a \u12ed\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1204\u121d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1260\u120c\u120b \u12a0\u1290\u130b\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1260\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1308\u129d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1290\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><span class=\"_5yi-\">2.4. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/l.facebook.com\/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Furbanizationproject.org%2Fblog%2Fcharter-citieshttp%3A%2F%2Furbanizationproject.org%2Fblog%2Fcharter-cities&amp;h=VAQGQmxF_&amp;s=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span class=\"_5yi-\">\u127b\u122d\u1270\u122d\u12f5 \u12a8\u1270\u121b<\/span><\/a><span class=\"_5yi-\"> (Chartered City) \u1293\u1275 <\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1236\u1235\u1271\u1295\u121d \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1263\u1205\u122a \u12a0\u12f3\u1208 \u1260\u1218\u12eb\u12dd \u1260\u12e8\u1275\u129b\u12cd \u1215\u130b\u12ca \u2039\u1230\u1273\u1270\u1235\u203a \u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1208\u127d \u130d\u122b \u12e8\u121d\u1273\u130b\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1290\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u1260\u1263\u1230 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u1260\u122b\u1234 \u127b\u122d\u1270\u122d \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u12a8\u1270\u121b (Chartered City) \u1290\u129d \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u122b\u1237\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1218\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u127b\u122d\u1270\u122d 87\/1989 \u12a0\u124b\u1241\u121b\u1208\u127d (\u127b\u122d\u1270\u1229 \u12601995 \u1260\u12a0\u12cb\u1305 \u1241\u1325\u122d 311\/1995 \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u12a0\u12cb\u1305 \u1241\u1325\u122d 361\/1995 \u1219\u1209 \u1208\u1219\u1209 \u1270\u1238\u123d\u120f\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d \u12601996 \u1260\u12a0\u12cb\u1305 \u1241\u1325\u122d 408\/1996 \u1260\u12a8\u134a\u120d \u1270\u123b\u123d\u120f\u120d)\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u1260\u12cb\u1293\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u1201\u1291 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12e8\u12d3\u1208\u121b\u127d\u1295 \u12ad\u134d\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12f5\u1205\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u1240\u1290\u1235 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122b\u1274\u1305 \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u1230\u12f0 \u12eb\u1208 \u12e8\u12a0\u12c8\u1243\u1240\u122d \u12a0\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1208\u121d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1218\u1228\u1320\u127d\u12cd \u1265\u12d9\u121d \u130d\u120d\u1345 \u1263\u12ed\u1206\u1295\u121d\u1364 \u1260\u1201\u1209\u121d \u127b\u122d\u1270\u122e\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u12cb\u1290\u129b \u12d3\u120b\u121b\u12cd \u2039\u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1290\u12cb\u122a \u122b\u1231\u1295 \u1260\u122b\u1231 \u12e8\u121b\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u1219\u1209 \u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1208\u12cd [\u2026] \u1260\u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u1260\u1218\u12f0\u1295\u1308\u1309\u203a \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u1270\u1308\u120d\u1346 \u12a5\u1293\u1308\u129b\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u127b\u122d\u1270\u122d\u12f5 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1290\u127d \u121b\u1208\u1275\u121d \u12a8\u120b\u12ed 2.1 \u120b\u12ed \u1208\u121b\u1218\u120b\u12a8\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u121e\u12a8\u1228\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u120d \u121b\u12d5\u1228\u130d (status of state) \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1320\u1293\u12ad\u122d \u1203\u1233\u1265 \u1206\u1296 \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb\u1295 \u1235\u1273\u1270\u1235 \u1208\u1218\u12c8\u1230\u1295 \u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u12e8\u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1265\u12eb\u1294 \u12ad\u122d\u12ad\u122d \u12e8\u1260\u1208\u1320 \u12eb\u1326\u12d8\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f2\u1205 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u122b\u1237\u1295 \u12e8\u127b\u1208\u127d \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1293\u1275\u1363 \u1270\u1320\u122a\u1290\u1277 \u1208\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u127d \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1240\u1320\u1293 \u1293\u1275\u1363 \u1260\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1308\u129d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1293\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d \u1260\u122b\u1237 \u12e8\u1246\u1218\u127d \u127b\u122d\u1270\u122d\u12f5 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1290\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1209 \u12e8\u122b\u1233\u1278\u12cd \u12a0\u1233\u121b\u129d \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12eb\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u1218\u12a8\u122b\u12a8\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12ed\u1240\u122d\u1263\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u130d\u120d\u1345\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u130e\u12f0\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u2039\u1235\u1273\u1270\u1235\u121d\u203a \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb\u1295 \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u120d\u12ad\u1276 \u1208\u121a\u1290\u1231 \u12cd\u12dd\u130d\u1266\u127d \u1218\u1290\u123b\u1293 \u1218\u12f5\u1228\u123b \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><span class=\"_5yi-\">3. \u2039\u12e8\u12a0\u1295\u1270\u121d \u1270\u12cd\u1363 \u12a0\u1295\u127d\u121d \u1270\u12ed \u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121d\u203a \u12a5\u1293 \u1218\u12d8\u12d9<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">[\u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12ae\u121a\u123d\u1295] \u1230\u1265\u1233\u1262 [\u12a0\u1276 \u12ad\u134d\u120c \u12c8\u12f3\u1306] [\u12e8\u12ae\u121a\u123d\u1291] \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275 \u1270\u1233\u1275\u134e\u1293 \u12ae\u121a\u123d\u1295 \u12e8\u1225\u122b \u1212\u12f0\u1275 \u1260\u1270\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1270 \u12a0\u120d\u134e \u12a0\u120d\u134e \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275 \u1260\u1235\u1265\u1230\u1263 \u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u1208\u1218\u1308\u129d\u1275 \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u1260\u121b\u1233\u12e8\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1235\u122b \u1218\u1313\u1270\u1275 \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1230\u1270 \u1218\u1206\u1291\u1295\u1363 \u12a8\u1353\u1293\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1260\u1241 \u122a\u1356\u122d\u1276\u127d \u1260\u1270\u1348\u1208\u1308\u12cd \u130a\u12dc \u120a\u1240\u122d\u1261 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u120d\u127b\u1209\u1293 \u12ed\u12b8\u12cd\u121d \u12e8\u1353\u1293\u120d \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1276\u127d \u1260\u1235\u1265\u1230\u1263 \u12a0\u1208\u1218\u1308\u1298\u1275 \u12cb\u1290\u129b\u12cd \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u1218\u1206\u1291\u1295 \u1308\u120d\u1340\u12cd\u1363 \u1208\u1218\u132a\u12cd \u130a\u12dc \u1260\u12a5\u12eb\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f1 \u1235\u1265\u1230\u1263 \u1260\u121a\u1290\u1231 \u1309\u12f3\u12ee\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u1260\u1260\u1242 \u1260\u1218\u12d8\u130b\u1300\u1275 \u1208\u12cd\u1233\u1294 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1260\u1243 \u1230\u1348 \u130d\u1295\u12db\u1264 \u1260\u1218\u1328\u1260\u1325 \u1218\u1308\u1298\u1275 \u12a8\u12a5\u12eb\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f1 \u12a0\u1263\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1320\u1260\u1245 \u12a0\u1233\u1235\u1260\u12cd\u1363 [\u2026] \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u1293\u1308\u123b \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1290\u1275 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 (status) \u12a5\u1293 \u12c8\u12f0\u134a\u1275 \u12a0\u12a8\u120b\u1208\u1235 \u120a\u1296\u122b\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u127d\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1266\u1273 \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u120d\u12ad\u1276 \u1260\u121a\u12d8\u130b\u1300\u12cd \u12e8\u1218\u12c8\u12eb\u12eb \u1230\u1290\u12f5 (working paper) \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a5\u1295\u12f4\u1275 \u121b\u1235\u1240\u1218\u1325 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u127b\u120d \u12cd\u12ed\u12ed\u1275 \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u130d \u1308\u120d\u1340\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361\u203a\u203a<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12ed\u1205 \u1210\u1233\u1265 \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1208\u1340\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u1201\u1291\u1295 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1208\u121b\u122d\u1240\u1245 \u12e8\u1270\u124b\u124b\u1218\u12cd \u12e8\u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12ae\u121a\u123d\u1295 \u1230\u1265\u1233\u1262 \u1260\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u12a0\u1276 \u12ad\u134d\u120c \u12c8\u12f3\u1306 \u1333\u1309\u121c 1- 1985 \u1260\u12ae\u121a\u123d\u1291 39\u129b \u1218\u12f0\u1260\u129b \u1309\u1263\u12a4 \u120b\u12ed \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1230\u1265\u1233\u1262\u12cd \u1210\u1233\u1265 \u12a8\u1206\u1290 \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275\u1295 \u12eb\u1205\u120d \u1230\u1290\u12f5 \u1208\u121b\u122d\u1240\u1245 \u12e8\u1270\u12cb\u1240\u1228\u12cd \u12ae\u121a\u123d\u1295 \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275 \u1260\u12ae\u121a\u123d\u1291 \u1235\u1265\u1230\u1263 \u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u1208\u1218\u1308\u1298\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12a0\u1233\u1235\u1267\u1278\u12cd\u1293 \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 (status) \u1308\u1293 \u1233\u12ed\u12c8\u1235\u1291 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1218\u1246\u12e8\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12a0\u1233\u1235\u1267\u1278\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1230\u1265\u1233\u1262\u12cd \u12a0\u1276 \u12ad\u134d\u120c \u12ed\u1204\u1295 \u1262\u1209\u121d \u12ed\u1204\u1295 \u121b\u1235\u1320\u1295\u1240\u1242\u12eb \u1260\u1270\u1293\u1308\u1229\u1260\u1275 \u12a5\u1208\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u12a827 \u12e8\u12ae\u121a\u123d\u1291 \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u1235\u121d\u1295\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1206\u1291\u1275 \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u1308\u1299\u121d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u120d\u12ad\u1276 \u12e8\u1240\u1228\u1261\u1275 \u1309\u12f3\u12ee\u127d \u1260\u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1273\u12ca\u12cd \u1309\u1263\u12a4 \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u1230\u1290 \u12cd\u12ed\u12ed\u1275 \u1262\u12f0\u1228\u130d\u1260\u1275\u121d\u1363 \u1260\u12ae\u121a\u123d\u1295 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u1265\u12d9\u121d \u12cd\u12ed\u12ed\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u120d\u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u1260\u1275 \u1260\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u12e8\u12ae\u121a\u123d\u1291 \u12a0\u1263\u120d \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u12f6\/\u122d \u1290\u130b\u1236 \u130a\u12f3\u12f3 \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u1343\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f2\u1205 \u12eb \u1260\u1278\u120d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u1273\u1208\u1348 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u1290\u12cd \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u12e8\u12db\u122c\u12cd \u127d\u130d\u122d \u1218\u1290\u123b\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u120d\u121d\u1363 \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u130d\u12db\u1275\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d \u12e8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1218\u120d\u12ad \u12ed\u12db \u12a8\u1236\u1235\u1271 \u12a0\u1295\u12f1\u1295 \u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12a0\u1208\u1218\u127b\u120f \u1260\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u1232\u121f\u1308\u1271 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229 \u1201\u1209\u1295\u121d \u12a0\u12ab\u120b\u1275 \u1208\u121b\u1235\u12f0\u1230\u1275 \u1260\u121a\u120d \u12e8\u1273\u1208\u1348 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u12ed\u1218\u1235\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u120d\u12ad\u1276 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u1325\u12eb\u1244\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u12eb\u1290\u1231 \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u1218\u1218\u1208\u1235 \u12a0\u1208\u1218\u127b\u1209\u1295 \u120a\u12eb\u1233\u12e9\u1295 \u12ed\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1273\u12ca\u12ce\u1279\u1295 \u1325\u12eb\u1244\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u120b\u12ed \u121b\u1295\u1233\u1275 \u1270\u1308\u1262 \u1235\u1208\u121a\u1206\u1295 \u12a0\u1295\u1235\u1270\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u1218\u120d\u12a8\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">1. \u12e8\u12a0\u121c\u122a\u12ab \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u127d\u12cd \u12cb\u123d\u1295\u130d\u1270\u1295 \u12f2\u1232 \u1260\u1270\u124b\u124b\u1218\u127d\u1260\u1275 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u12a8\u121c\u122a\u120b\u1295\u12f5\u1293 \u12a8\u1268\u122d\u1305\u1292\u12eb \u1235\u1274\u1276\u127d \u1270\u1246\u122d\u1326 \u1270\u1230\u1325\u1277\u1275 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u124b\u124b\u1218\u127d\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1325\u1242\u1275 \u130a\u12dc \u1260\u128b\u120b \u130d\u1295 <a href=\"http:\/\/l.facebook.com\/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.virginiaplaces.org%2Fboundaries%2Fretrocession.htmlhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.virginiaplaces.org%2Fboundaries%2Fretrocession.html&amp;h=sAQHXA7dx&amp;s=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u1268\u122d\u1305\u1292\u12eb \u1218\u122c\u1274\u1295 \u1218\u120d\u123d\u120d\u129d<\/a> \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1218\u122c\u1277\u1295 \u1260\u1215\u12dd\u1260 \u12cd\u1233\u1294 \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u12e8\u121b\u1235\u1218\u1208\u1235 \u1212\u12f0\u1275 (retrocession) \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u120d\u1233\u1208\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u121c\u122a\u120b\u1295\u12f5\u121d \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12a0\u120d\u1320\u12e8\u1240\u127d\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u1265\u1275\u1320\u12ed\u1245 \u120d\u1273\u1308\u129d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121d\u1275\u127d\u120d \u12e8\u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u1343\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1308\u129d\u12cd \u1260\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u1260\u130d\u120d\u1345 \u12ed\u12f0\u1290\u130d\u130b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1273\u12f2\u12eb \u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u2039\u1218\u122c\u1274\u1295 \u122b\u1234 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f5\u122b\u1208\u1201\u203a \u1265\u1275\u120d \u1260\u121d\u1295 \u12a0\u130d\u1263\u1265 \u1290\u12cd \u1218\u120d\u1235 \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u1320\u12cd?<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">2. \u12a0\u1201\u1295\u121d \u12a5\u12db\u12cd \u12cb\u123d\u1295\u130d\u1270\u1295 \u12f2\u1232 \u12a5\u1295\u1246\u12ed\u1293 \u1263\u122b\u12ad \u12a6\u1263\u121b\u1295 \u1328\u121d\u122e \u1265\u12d9 \u12e8\u12a0\u121c\u122a\u12ab \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12a8\u129e\u127d \u12cb\u123d\u1295\u130d\u1270\u1295 \u12f2\u1232 \u122b\u1237\u1295 \u12e8\u127b\u1208\u127d \u1203\u121d\u1233 \u12a0\u1295\u12f0\u129b \u12e8\u12a0\u121c\u122a\u12ab \u2039\u1235\u1274\u1275\u203a \u1265\u1275\u1206\u1295 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fdc-politics%2Fobama-on-dc-statehood-im-for-it%2F2014%2F07%2F21%2F86536f3a-110d-11e4-9285-4243a40ddc97_story.htmlhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fdc-politics%2Fobama-on-dc-statehood-im-for-it%2F2014%2F07%2F21%2F86536f3a-110d-11e4-9285-4243a40ddc97_story.html&amp;h=gAQEit1A7&amp;s=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u134d\u120b\u130e\u1275<\/a> \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u120b\u1278\u12cd (\u12a8\u1218\u122b\u132d\u1290\u1275 \u1218\u1265\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u1343\u122d) \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u1343\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u1210\u1233\u1261 \u12c8\u12f0 \u134a\u1275 \u120a\u1270\u1308\u1260\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u127d\u120d \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290\u121d \u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 \u12a5\u12eb\u1235\u1228\u12f1 \u12ed\u1308\u129b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u122b\u1234\u1295 \u127d\u12ec \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u120d\u1201\u1295 \u1265\u1275\u120d \u1260\u121d\u1295 \u12a0\u130d\u1263\u1265 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1235\u1270\u1293\u1308\u12f0\u12cd \u1208\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12e8\u122b\u1235\u1295 \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12e8\u1218\u1218\u1235\u1228\u1275 \u1218\u1265\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u1320\u12cd \u12e8\u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 47 (2) \u1218\u1265\u1271\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u1320\u12cd \u2039\u1208\u1265\u1214\u122d\u1363 \u1265\u1214\u1228\u1230\u1266\u127d\u1293 \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d\u203a \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1260\u121d\u1295 \u130e\u122b \u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121d\u1273\u122d\u134d \u121d\u1295\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1208\u1340 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12e8\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">3. \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1263\u120b\u1275 \u1241\u1218\u1293 \u127b\u122d\u1270\u122d\u12f5 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290\u127d \u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u1208\u121b\u12e8\u1275 \u121e\u12ad\u1228\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u127b\u122d\u1270\u122d\u12f5 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d\u1295 (Chartered Cities) \u12a8\u120c\u120e\u127d \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d (General Law Cities) <a href=\"http:\/\/l.facebook.com\/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fcarnaclaw.com%2Fnews-and-events%2Fland-usemunicipal-law-real-estate%2Fthe-difference-between-a-charter-city-and-a-general-law-city%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fcarnaclaw.com%2Fnews-and-events%2Fland-usemunicipal-law-real-estate%2Fthe-difference-between-a-charter-city-and-a-general-law-city%2F&amp;h=wAQEVIQUw&amp;s=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12eb\u1278\u12cd<\/a> \u12cb\u1290\u129b\u12cd \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d\u1295\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1273\u1275\u1295 \u1323\u120d\u1243 \u1308\u1265\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u12c8\u130d\u12f5 \u12a0\u1230\u122b\u122d \u1218\u1270\u130d\u1260\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1273\u12f2\u12eb \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u127b\u122d\u1270\u122d\u12f5 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1218\u1206\u1297 \u2039\u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271\u1295 \u1323\u120d\u1243 \u1308\u1265\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u120d\u1348\u120d\u130d\u121d\u203a \u1265\u1275\u120d \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u121d\u1295 \u1218\u120d\u1235 \u12ed\u1230\u1323\u120d?<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205\u1295 \u1215\u120d\u12ee\u1273\u12ca \u1309\u12f3\u12ee\u127d \u12eb\u1290\u1233\u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u1201\u1291 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u134c\u12f0\u122c\u123d\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u130d\u1263\u122d \u12e8\u120c\u1208 \u1265\u127b \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u12c8\u1243\u1240\u122d \u12f0\u1228\u1303\u121d \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u1218\u120d\u1233\u1278\u12cd \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1273\u12ca \u1325\u12eb\u1244\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u1296\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u1218\u120b\u12a8\u1275 \u1290\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u1302\u1364 \u2039\u1320\u12eb\u1242\u121d \u1218\u120b\u123d\u121d\u203a \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u120c\u1208 \u1218\u1228\u12f3\u1275 \u12a8\u1263\u12f5 \u1206\u1296 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u121d \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u12ca\u1363 \u1215\u130b\u12ca \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d \u1218\u12cb\u1245\u122b\u12ca \u127d\u130d\u122e\u127f \u1230\u1295\u1308\u12cd \u1260\u12eb\u12df\u1275 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u1290\u12cd \u2039\u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1293 \u12d9\u122a\u12eb\u12cb \u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u120d\u12e9 \u12de\u1295 [\u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1293\u1300] \u12e8\u130b\u122b \u120d\u121b\u1275 \u1355\u120b\u1295\u203a \u1270\u1265\u120e \u12e8\u1270\u1230\u12e8\u1218\u12cd \u12e8\u1203\u12eb \u12a0\u121d\u1235\u1275 \u12a0\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12d5\u1245\u12f5 \u1265\u1245 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><span class=\"_5yi-\">4. \u2039[\u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1293\u1300] \u12e8\u130b\u122b \u120d\u121b\u1275 \u1355\u120b\u1295\u203a \u12a5\u1293 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><a href=\"http:\/\/l.facebook.com\/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fmirror.unhabitat.org%2Fdocuments%2FWUF6Report.pdfhttp%3A%2F%2Fmirror.unhabitat.org%2Fdocuments%2FWUF6Report.pdf&amp;h=2AQHV7wJf&amp;s=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1270\u129b\u12cd<\/a> \u12e8\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u134e\u1228\u121d \u1260\u1323\u120a\u12eb\u1295 \u1294\u1355\u120d\u1235 \u12a8\u1234\u1355\u1274\u121d\u1260\u122d 02 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 07 \u2013 2012 \u1290\u1260\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u12ab\u1214\u12f0\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u134e\u1228\u1219 \u1260\u1270\u1263\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1273\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u124b\u124b\u1218\u1260\u1275 \u12a82002 \u1300\u121d\u122e \u1263\u1209\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u122d \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1275 \u1208\u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1270\u129b \u130a\u12dc \u1235\u1265\u1230\u1263 \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u1309 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1218\u120b\u12cd \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12a8\u1218\u1321 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u1200\u1308\u122d \u1270\u12c8\u12ab\u12ee\u127d \u12a0\u121b\u12ab\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u1309\u12f3\u12ee\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u12eb\u12e8 \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u134e\u1228\u1219 \u12cb\u1290\u129b \u12a0\u1300\u1295\u12f3\u121d \u2039Urban Future\u203a \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u12cb\u1293\u1290\u1275\u121d \u12a0\u122b\u1275 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1273\u12ca \u1309\u12f3\u12ee\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1218\u12c8\u12eb\u12eb \u12ed\u12de \u1270\u12ab\u1202\u12f7\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u122b\u1275 \u12e8\u12cd\u12ed\u12ed\u1275 \u122d\u12d5\u1236\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u1240\u12f3\u121a\u12cd \u2039Urban Planning: Institutions and Regulations\u203a \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12cd\u12ed\u12ed\u1276\u1279 \u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b \u2039\u12e8\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u121b\u1295\u134c\u1235\u1276\u1295\u203a \u1328\u121d\u122e \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12e8\u12cd\u12ed\u12ed\u1271 \u12cd\u1324\u1276\u127d \u12ed\u134b \u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1309 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1364 \u12a8\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u12cd\u12ed\u12ed\u1271 \u12cd\u1324\u1276\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d\u121d \u12e8\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1293\u1300 \u12e8\u120d\u121b\u1275 \u12d5\u1245\u12f5\u1295 (Integrated Development Plan &#8211; IDP) \u1270\u130d\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1309 \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u12ad\u1228\u12cd (recommendation) \u12ed\u1308\u129d\u1260\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u1260\u1270\u1263\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1273\u1275 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12e8\u1240\u1228\u1260\u12cd \u12602012 \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d \u12a8\u12db \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u12602007 \u2018Leipzig Charter on Sustainable European Cities\u2019 \u12e8\u12a0\u12cd\u122e\u1353 \u1200\u1308\u122e\u127d \u12ed\u1204\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1293\u1300 \u12a0\u12ab\u1204\u12f5 \u1260\u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127b\u1278\u12cd \u1270\u130d\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1208\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u1270\u1235\u121b\u121d\u1270\u12cd \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u130a\u12dc \u12c8\u12f2\u1205 \u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f5 \u12e8\u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab \u1200\u1308\u122e\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1293\u1300\u12cd\u1295 \u12a0\u12ab\u1204\u12f5 \u1270\u130d\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u1232\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1309 \u1270\u1235\u1270\u12cd\u120f\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12f0\u1261\u1265 \u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab\u12cb \u12ac\u1355 \u1273\u12cd\u1295 (\u12a82012 -2017) \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12ac\u1292\u12eb\u12cb \u1293\u12ed\u122e\u1262 (\u12a82014 -2019) \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1228\u1308\u12f5 \u1270\u1320\u1243\u123e\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12f0\u1261\u1265 \u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u12cd\u121d \u1260\u1203\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u120b\u1209 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1293\u1300 \u12e8\u120d\u121b\u1275 \u12d5\u1245\u12f5\u1295 \u1270\u130d\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1309 \u1218\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u12a5\u1235\u12a8\u121b\u12cd\u1323\u1275 \u12f0\u122d\u1233\u1208\u127d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><span class=\"_5yi-\">4.1. \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1293\u1300 \u12e8\u120d\u121b\u1275 \u12d5\u1245\u12f5 (Integrated Development Plan &#8211; IDP) \u121d\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd? <\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a0\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12c8\u1325 \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u1218\u120d\u1235 \u121b\u130d\u129d\u1275 \u1263\u12ed\u127b\u120d\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u12a8\u1230\u1321\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e8 \u1275\u122d\u1309\u121d \u12a0\u1295\u1343\u122d \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1273\u12ca \u1290\u1308\u122e\u127d\u1295 \u121b\u130d\u1298\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u127d\u120b\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361 1. \u1201\u1209\u121d \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1270 \u120d\u121b\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u1229 \u12a0\u12ab\u120b\u1275 (\u12e8\u1275\u122b\u1295\u1235\u1356\u122d\u1275\u1363 \u12e8\u1218\u1265\u122b\u1275\u1363 \u12e8\u1264\u1276\u127d \u12c8\u12d8\u1270) \u1270\u1240\u1293\u1305\u1270\u12cd \u1208\u1270\u1218\u1233\u1233\u12ed \u130d\u1265 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1270\u1309 \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d\u1293 2. \u12a5\u1245\u12f1\u1295 \u12eb\u12c8\u1323\u12cd \u12a0\u12ab\u120d \u12a8\u12a5\u1245\u12f1 \u1263\u1208\u1264\u1275 (\u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cd \u1290\u12cb\u122a) \u130b\u122d \u12a0\u1233\u1273\u134a (participatory) \u1260\u1206\u1290 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u1260\u12e8\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u1260\u1218\u12c8\u12eb\u12e8\u1275 \u1270\u1240\u1293\u1305\u1276 \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u122b\u1260\u1275 \u12a0\u12ab\u1204\u12f5 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1293\u12ed\u122e\u1262 \u12eb\u1209 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u1260\u1270\u1240\u1293\u1300 \u12e8\u120d\u121b\u1275 \u12d5\u1245\u12f3\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1270 \u120d\u121b\u1275 \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120e\u1275 (\u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed\u121d \u1275\u122b\u1295\u1235\u1356\u122d\u1275) \u1260\u12d9\u122a\u12eb\u12cd \u12ab\u1209 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12ce\u127d (surroundings) \u130b\u122d\u121d \u1208\u121b\u1240\u1293\u1300\u1275 \u1219\u12a8\u122b \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u1308\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u1260\u12da\u1205 \u130a\u12dc \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u121d \u12601996 \u12a0\u12d8\u130b\u1305\u1273\u12cd \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u120d\u121b\u1275 \u12a5\u1245\u12f5 (\u121b\u1235\u1270\u122d \u1355\u120b\u1295) \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u1260\u122b \u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u12a5\u12eb\u1208\u1240 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1293 \u12e8\u122b\u1237\u1295 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12d5\u1245\u12f5 \u1208\u121b\u12d8\u130b\u1300\u1275 \u1262\u122e \u12a8\u134d\u1273 \u12a5\u1295\u1245\u1235\u1243\u1234 \u12e8\u1300\u1218\u1228\u127d\u1260\u1275 \u130a\u12dc \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1218\u1300\u1218\u122d \u1265\u127b\u121d \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u134e\u1228\u121d \u1260\u1270\u12ab\u1214\u12f0\u1260\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u1235\u12a8\u1228\u121d 2005 \u1208\u12a5\u1245\u12f1 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u1308\u12cd\u1295 \u1218\u1228\u1303 \u1208\u1240\u121b \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1320\u1293\u1240\u1240\u127d \u12ed\u134b \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u130b \u12a5\u1245\u12f1\u1295\u121d \u1260\u1325\u1242\u1275 \u12c8\u122b\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a0\u1320\u1293\u1245\u1244 \u12ed\u134b \u12a0\u12f0\u122d\u130b\u1208\u1201 \u1265\u120b \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1270\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u12a5\u1245\u12f1 \u1260\u1325\u1242\u1275 \u12c8\u122b\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1270\u1320\u1293\u1240\u1240 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1208\u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u1270\u1290\u1308\u1228 \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb\u12cd\u1295\u121d \u1270\u1243\u12cd\u121e \u1260\u130d\u1295\u1266\u1275 2005 \u12a8\u12a6\u122e\u121e \u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u1235\u1275 \u12ae\u1295\u130d\u1228\u1235 (\u12a6\u134c\u12ae) \u1260\u12c8\u1323 \u1218\u130d\u1208\u132b \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u1293\u130d\u12f3 \u12a8\u12db \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u12cd\u1293 \u12a5\u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u1201\u1209\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12cd\u1240\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u120b\u12ed \u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u1208\u129b\u12cd\u1295 \u12a0\u12a8\u122b\u12ab\u122a \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u1208\u1218\u1208\u12e8\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u127d\u120d \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u12e8\u12a5\u1245\u12f1\u1295 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12ed\u12d8\u1275 \u121b\u12e8\u1275 \u1270\u1308\u1262 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><span class=\"_5yi-\">4.2. \u2039\u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a\u12eb\u120b\u12ed\u12dc\u123d\u1295\u203a \u12d8\u1218\u1290\u129b\u12cd \u12ab\u122d\u12f5<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u2039\u2039\u12e8\u1205\u12dd\u1263\u127d\u1295 \u1291\u122e \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u12f0\u122d\u1230\u12cd \u12a0\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u12a2\u1295\u12f1\u1235\u1275\u122a \u12e8\u1260\u1208\u1340\u1308\u127d \u12a0\u1308\u122d \u1235\u1275\u1206\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u1208\u121d \u12a0\u1240\u134b\u12ca\u12cd \u12a2\u12ae\u1296\u121a\u12eb\u12ca \u1275\u1265\u1265\u122d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u122b\u1275 \u12f5\u122d\u123b\u1293 \u12a8\u12da\u1201 \u12e8\u121d\u1273\u1308\u129d\u12cd \u1325\u1245\u121d \u1260\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u120a\u12eb\u12f5\u130d \u12e8\u121a\u127d\u1208\u12cd \u1260\u12a2\u1295\u12f1\u1235\u1275\u122a \u12e8\u1260\u1208\u1340\u1308\u127d \u1235\u1275\u1206\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u12e8\u12a2\u12ae\u1296\u121a \u120d\u121b\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u1245\u1235\u1243\u1234\u12eb\u127d\u1295 \u130d\u1265 \u1260\u12a2\u1295\u12f1\u1235\u1275\u122a \u12e8\u1260\u1208\u1340\u1308\u127d \u12a0\u1308\u122d\u1295 \u1218\u134d\u1320\u122d \u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12a0\u1208\u1260\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u120c\u120b\u12cd \u1240\u122d\u1276 \u12e8\u130d\u1265\u122d\u1293\u1293 \u12e8\u1308\u1320\u122d \u120d\u121b\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u1245\u1235\u1243\u1234\u12eb\u127d\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b\u12cd \u130d\u1265 \u12a0\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u12a2\u1295\u12f1\u1235\u1275\u122a \u12e8\u1260\u1208\u1340\u1308\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f5\u1275\u1206\u1295 \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361\u203a\u203a<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12ed\u1205 \u1200\u1233\u1265 \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1208\u1340\u12cd \u12601994 \u1260\u12c8\u1323\u12cd \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u12a2\u1295\u12f1\u1235\u1275\u122a \u120d\u121b\u1275 \u1235\u1275\u122b\u1274\u1305 \u120b\u12ed \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1235\u1275\u122b\u1274\u1302\u12cd \u12e8\u130d\u1209\u1295 \u1263\u1208\u1203\u1265\u1275 \u12e8\u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a\u12eb\u120b\u12ed\u12dc\u123d\u1291 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d\u1293 \u130d\u1265\u122d\u1293\u12cd \u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a\u12cd\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1218\u122b\u12cd \u121b\u1235\u127b\u120d (Agriculture Development Led Industrialization &#8211; ADLI ) \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1273\u12ca \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u12a0\u1235\u1240\u121d\u1326 \u12eb\u120d\u134b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u1235\u1275\u122b\u1270\u1305 \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1270\u1209\u1275 \u12e8\u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275\u1293 \u12a5\u1293 \u1275\u122b\u1295\u1235\u134e\u122d\u121c\u123d\u1295 \u12a5\u1245\u12f6\u127d\u121d \u12d3\u120b\u121b\u1278\u12cd \u130d\u1265\u122d\u1293 \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u122b\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1295 \u12a2\u12ae\u1296\u121a \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a \u1218\u122d \u121b\u1238\u130b\u1308\u122d\u1295 (transformation) \u12d3\u120b\u121b \u12a0\u12f5\u1228\u1308\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1228\u1341 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1241\u1325\u122e\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1290\u130d\u1229\u1295 \u130d\u1295 \u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u1260\u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a\u12cd \u1218\u1235\u12ad \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u1233\u12ab\u1208\u1275\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a\u12cd \u12eb\u1208\u1349\u1275 50 \u12a0\u1218\u1273\u1275\u1295 \u1270\u1218\u1233\u1233\u12ed \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u12ed\u12de \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12d8\u130d\u121d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a\u12cd\u1295 \u12ed\u1218\u1229\u1273\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1209\u1275 \u130d\u1265\u122d\u1293 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u130d\u120d \u1263\u1208\u1203\u1265\u1271\u121d \u12a8\u1355\u122e\u1353\u130b\u1295\u12f3 \u1263\u1208\u1348 \u1265\u12d9\u121d \u1260\u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12cd \u12a0\u12ed\u1273\u12e9\u121d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a\u12cd \u12e8\u1275\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u120d\u12f0\u1228\u1230 \u12a5\u1293 \u2039\u1275\u122b\u1295\u1235\u134e\u122d\u121d\u203a \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u1265\u12d9\u121d \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u120c\u1208 \u12e8\u1270\u1228\u12f3\u12cd \u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u1260\u12f5\u1295\u130b\u1324 (frustration) \u12e8\u12f0\u1261\u1265 \u121d\u1235\u122b\u1245 \u12a5\u1235\u12eb \u1270\u121e\u12ad\u122e \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u12cd\u1295 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1218\u122d (statist) \u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a\u12eb\u120b\u12ed\u12dc\u123d\u1295 \u1270\u130d\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u1208\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1295\u1240\u1233\u1240\u1230 \u12ed\u1308\u129b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12a0\u1235\u122b \u12a0\u121d\u1235\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a\u12cd\u1295 \u12ed\u1218\u122b\u12cb\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u1308\u1260\u12eb\u1293 \u12e8\u130d\u120d \u1263\u1208\u1203\u1265\u1275\u121d \u12a8\u12a0\u1218\u122b\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u12c8\u122d\u12f0\u12cd \u1266\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u1228\u12ad\u1260\u12cd \u12ed\u1308\u129b\u1209\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f2\u1205 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u12e8\u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a\u12eb\u120b\u12ed\u12dc\u123d\u1295 \u12f5\u1295\u130b\u1324 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u1290\u12cd \u2039\u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1293 \u12d9\u122a\u12eb\u12cb \u12e8\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u120d\u12e9 \u12de\u1295 \u12e8\u130b\u122b [\u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1293\u1300] \u12e8\u120d\u121b\u1275 \u1355\u120b\u1295\u121d\u203a \u12e8\u1218\u1323\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1355\u120b\u1291 \u12cb\u1290\u129b \u130d\u1265 \u2039\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u12e8\u1230\u1290\u1240\u127d\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a \u123d\u130d\u130d\u122d \u12d5\u12cd\u1295 \u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12c8\u1233\u129d \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12cb\u1345\u12a6 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u130d \u12e8\u12a2\u1295\u12f1\u1235\u1275\u122a \u120d\u121b\u1275 \u121b\u1235\u1270\u1293\u1308\u12f5 [\u12e8\u121a\u127d\u120d \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1218\u134d\u1320\u122d]\u203a \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u1260\u12a5\u1245\u12f1 \u1218\u130d\u1262\u12eb \u120b\u12ed \u1270\u1308\u120d\u1346\u120d\u1361\u1361 (\u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u121d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u12c8\u12f0\u1273\u127d \u12e8\u121d\u1293\u12cd \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u1290\u12cd)\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a5\u1245\u12f1 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u1266\u1273\u12ce\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u2039\u2039\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271\u1295 \u12e8\u12d5\u12f5\u1308\u1275\u1293 \u1275\u122b\u1295\u1235\u134e\u122d\u121c\u123d\u1295 \u12d5\u1245\u12f5 \u1260\u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u12d5\u1245\u12f1 \u12cb\u1293 \u12a0\u12ab\u120d \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a \u123d\u130d\u130d\u122d \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed\u121d \u12a5\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u1228\u1308\u12f5 \u12c8\u1233\u129d \u121a\u1293 \u1218\u132b\u12c8\u1275 \u12ed\u1320\u1260\u1245\u1260\u1273\u120d\u203a\u203a\u1363 \u2039\u2039\u12a8\u130d\u1265\u122d\u1293 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a \u12e8\u121a\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u12cd\u1295 \u1325\u1228\u1275 \u121b\u1308\u12dd\u203a\u203a\u1363 \u2039\u2039\u12602030 \u1260\u121d\u1235\u122b\u1245 \u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab \u1270\u12c8\u12f3\u12f0\u122a \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u1293 \u1260\u12a2\u12ae\u1296\u121a \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1218\u122a \u121a\u1293 \u12e8\u121a\u132b\u12c8\u1275 \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120d \u1218\u134d\u1320\u122d\u203a\u203a\u1363 \u2039\u2039\u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12d9\u122a\u12eb \u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u1295 \u1260\u130b\u122b \u1260\u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab \u1240\u1295\u12f5 \u1240\u12f3\u121a \u12e8\u12a2\u1295\u12f1\u1235\u1275\u122a \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d\u203a\u203a \u12c8\u12d8\u1270 \u12e8\u121a\u1209 \u12e8\u12d5\u1245\u12f1 \u12cb\u1290\u129b \u1275\u12a9\u1228\u1275 \u2039\u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a\u12eb\u120b\u12ed\u12dc\u123d\u1295\u203a \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1218\u120b\u12ad\u1271 \u1309\u12f3\u12ee\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u1293\u12eb\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u1260\u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a\u121d \u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u12a8\u12eb\u12d8 \u12c8\u12f2\u1205 \u12e8\u12a0\u1201\u1291\u1295 \u1328\u121d\u122e \u1208\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12e8\u1270\u12d8\u130b\u1301\u1275\u1295 \u12a5\u1245\u12f6\u127d \u1235\u1295\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1275 \u2039\u12e8\u12d8\u1218\u1291 \u1218\u1295\u1348\u1235\u203a \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1218\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u12a5\u1293\u12eb\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb\u12cd\u1293 \u12601986 \u12e8\u1270\u12d8\u130b\u1300\u12cd \u12a5\u1245\u12f5 \u12cb\u1290\u129b \u1275\u12a9\u1228\u1271 \u2039\u1230\u120b\u121b\u12ca \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u203a \u1218\u1308\u1295\u1263\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1290\u1260\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1208\u1340 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1364 \u12601996 \u12e8\u1340\u12f0\u1240\u12cd \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u12e8\u120d\u121b\u1275 \u12a5\u1245\u12f5 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1260\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u12e8\u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u12cb\u1290\u129b \u121b\u1320\u1295\u1320\u129b \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u1295 \u2039\u12a2\u1295\u1268\u1235\u1275\u1218\u1295\u1275\u203a \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1308 \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb\u1295 \u1218\u122a \u1355\u120b\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u133d\u12f0\u1245 \u1260\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u1290\u130b\u122a\u1275 \u130b\u12dc\u1323 \u120b\u12ed \u1260\u12c8\u1323\u12cd \u12a0\u12cb\u1305 \u1241\u1325\u122d 17\/1996 \u120b\u12ed\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1270\u1308\u1208\u1340\u12cd \u2039\u2039[\u2026] \u12a2\u1295\u1268\u1235\u1275\u1218\u1295\u1275\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u1233\u1208\u1320\u1293 \u12cd\u1324\u1273\u121b \u1260\u1206\u1290 \u1218\u120d\u12a9 \u1208\u121b\u12ab\u1214\u12f5 [\u121b\u1235\u127b\u120d]\u2026\u203a\u203a \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u1270\u1308\u120d\u1346 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u2039\u12e8\u12d8\u1218\u1291 \u1218\u1295\u1348\u1235\u203a \u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a\u12eb\u120b\u12ed\u12dc\u123d\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u1293 \u12a5\u1245\u12f1 \u12cb\u1290\u129b \u1275\u12a9\u1228\u1271\u1295 \u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a \u120b\u12ed \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u1309 \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1260\u1245\u1293 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u122d\u121d \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u12e8\u121d\u1235\u122b\u1245 \u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab \u12e8\u12a2\u1295\u12f1\u1235\u1275\u122a \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120d \u1208\u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1308\u1290\u1263\u1260\u1275 \u1260\u1242 \u1266\u1273 \u12e8\u120b\u1275\u121d\u1293 \u12a0\u12c8\u12db\u130b\u1262\u12cd\u1295 \u1218\u1235\u134b\u134b\u1275 \u1208\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u1270\u1290\u1233\u127d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u127d\u120b\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1204 \u12a5\u1295\u12f4\u1275 \u1206\u1290?<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><span class=\"_5yi-\">4.3. \u1218\u122a \u12a5\u1245\u12f5 (Master Plan) \u12c8\u12ed\u1235 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12ad\u120d\u120d (New State)?<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u1230\u129e \u130d\u1295\u1266\u1275 18\u1363 2000 \u1260\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u121d\u12ad\u1275\u120d \u12a8\u1295\u1272\u1263 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u1276 \u1218\u12a9\u122a\u12eb \u1200\u12ed\u120c \u12a5\u1293 \u12a8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a0\u1235\u122b \u1230\u1263\u1275 \u12a5\u1205\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f7 \u1260\u1206\u1290\u127d\u12cd \u12e8\u1348\u1228\u1295\u1233\u12e9\u1363 \u12e8\u120a\u12ee\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u121d\u12ad\u1275\u120d \u12a8\u1295\u1272\u1263 Monsier Hubert Julien-Laferriere \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12e8\u1275\u1265\u1265\u122d \u1230\u1290\u12f5 \u1270\u1348\u1228\u1218\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1275\u1265\u1265\u122d \u1230\u1290\u12f1 \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1271 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u121d\u1235\u1275 \u1240\u1293\u1275 \u12cd\u12ed\u12ed\u1275 \u12cd\u1324\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12cd\u12ed\u12ed\u1271 \u12e8\u1218\u1290\u123b \u1203\u1233\u1265 \u12eb\u1240\u1228\u1260\u12cd \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u1355\u120b\u1295 \u12a2\u1295\u1235\u1272\u1275\u12e9\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u12cb\u1305 \u1241\u1325\u122d 450\/1997 \u12a8\u1270\u1230\u1321\u1275 \u1235\u120d\u1323\u1296\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u1320\u1240\u121d \u120a\u12ee\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u120d\u1275\u1228\u12f3 \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u127d\u120d\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u1236\u1235\u1275 \u12a0\u1300\u1295\u12f3\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12a0\u1240\u1228\u1260\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1236\u1235\u1275 \u12a0\u1300\u1295\u12f3\u12ce\u127d\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">1. \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1295 \u1218\u122a \u12a5\u1245\u12f5 (Master Plan) \u12e8\u1218\u12a8\u1208\u1235 \u1235\u122b\u1363<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">2. \u1260\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u1260\u130b\u122b \u1208\u1218\u134d\u1320\u122d \u1235\u1208\u1273\u1230\u1260\u12cd \u12ad\u120d\u120b\u12ca \u12a5\u1245\u12f5 (Regional Planning) \u12a5\u1293\u1363<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">3. \u1235\u1208 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12e8\u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u120d\u121b\u1275 \u1235\u122b (Local Development Plan &#8211; LDP) \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u1260\u12cd\u12ed\u12ed\u1271 \u121b\u1320\u1293\u1240\u1242\u12eb\u121d \u1260\u1236\u1235\u1271 \u1309\u12f3\u12ee\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u1235\u121d\u121d\u1290\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u1260\u1218\u12f0\u1228\u1231 \u12e8\u1201\u1208\u1271 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u12a0\u127b \u1263\u1208\u1235\u120d\u1323\u1293\u1275 \u12e8\u1275\u1265\u1265\u122d \u1230\u1290\u12f1\u1295 \u1270\u1235\u121b\u121d\u1270\u12cd \u1348\u1228\u1219\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1218\u122a \u12a5\u1245\u12f1 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u120d\u121b\u1275 \u1235\u122b\u12cd \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u1218\u12f1 \u1309\u12f3\u12ee\u127d \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u1265\u12d9\u121d \u130d\u122d\u1273\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1348\u1325\u1229 \u12a0\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1229\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb\u1293 \u1260\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u120a\u1348\u1320\u122d \u12e8\u1273\u1230\u1260\u12cd \u12ad\u120d\u120b\u12ca \u12e8\u120d\u121b\u1275 \u12a5\u1245\u12f5 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u1218\u12f0 \u1235\u120b\u120d\u1290\u1260\u122d \u12a0\u1348\u1343\u1340\u1219\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u12e8\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1313\u1313 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12da\u1205 \u12ad\u120d\u120b\u12ca \u12a5\u1245\u12f5 \u1218\u1290\u123b \u130d\u1295 \u12a0\u1201\u1295\u121d \u12c8\u12f0\u128b\u120b \u12c8\u12f0 1996 \u12ed\u12c8\u1235\u12f0\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12601996 \u12e8\u12c8\u1323\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u1290\u130b\u122a\u1271 \u2039\u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1218\u122a \u1355\u120b\u1295 \u12a0\u12d8\u1308\u1303\u1300\u1275\u1293 \u12a0\u12c8\u1323\u1325\u203a \u12a0\u12cb\u1305 \u1241\u1325\u122d 17\/1996 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 8 (2) \u120b\u12ed \u2039\u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1218\u12cb\u1245\u122b\u12ca \u1355\u120b\u1295 \u12a8\u1218\u12d8\u130b\u1300\u1271 \u1260\u134a\u1275 [\u12a8\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u130b\u122d] \u1260\u1348\u1243\u12f0\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u130b\u122b \u1235\u121d\u121d\u1290\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1270 \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1293 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12ce\u127d \u1355\u120b\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12d8\u130b\u1305 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u1229 \u1201\u1294\u1273\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12eb\u1218\u127b\u127b\u120d\u203a \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12ad\u120d\u120b\u12ca \u12a5\u1245\u12f5 \u1218\u1273\u1240\u12f5 \u12a8\u1300\u1218\u1228 \u1246\u12e8\u1275 \u12eb\u1208 \u130a\u12dc \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1235\u1246\u1320\u1228 \u12eb\u1218\u120b\u12ad\u1270\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12eb\u12d8\u130b\u1300\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1293\u1300 \u12e8\u130b\u122b \u12e8\u120d\u121b\u1275 \u12a5\u1245\u12f5 \u1230\u1290\u12f5\u121d (\u12e8\u12da\u1205 \u1345\u1201\u134d \u1340\u1203\u134a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F0Bxje6_I1ftWCc2pqMTd2VWd0cVU%2Fedithttps%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F0Bxje6_I1ftWCc2pqMTd2VWd0cVU%2Fedit&amp;h=eAQFHx1x4&amp;s=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u12a5\u12da\u1205<\/a> \u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u1308\u1298\u12cd \u1230\u1290\u12f5) \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205\u1295 \u12e8\u128b\u120b \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1260\u1218\u12eb\u12dd \u12ad\u120d\u120b\u12ca \u12a5\u1245\u12f5\u1295 (Regional Planning) \u12a8\u1218\u122a \u12a5\u1245\u12f5 (Master Plan) \u1260\u1218\u1240\u12e8\u1325 \u12e8\u1270\u12d8\u130b\u1300 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u12a0\u12ed\u1270\u1295 \u1275\u130d\u1260\u122b\u12cd \u121d\u1295 \u120a\u1218\u1235\u120d \u1290\u12cd \u1265\u1208\u1295 \u121b\u1230\u1265 \u12e8\u121a\u12a8\u1265\u12f0\u1295 \u12a0\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1245\u12f5\u121d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a5\u1245\u12f1 \u1235\u12eb\u121c \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u1218\u122a \u12a5\u1245\u12f5 (Master Plan) \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u12ad\u120d\u120b\u12ca \u12a5\u1245\u12f5 (Regional Plan) \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u130d\u1261\u121d \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u1260 100 \u12aa\u120e \u121c\u1275\u122d \u122c\u12f2\u12e8\u1235 \u12e8\u121a\u12a8\u1265 \u1230\u134a \u12ad\u120d\u120d\u1295 \u121b\u120d\u121b\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 36 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u12eb\u12ab\u1275\u1275\u121d \u1270\u1320\u1245\u1237\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u120c\u120b \u1260\u1235\u121d \u1260\u12a5\u1245\u12f1 \u120b\u12ed \u1270\u1320\u1245\u1230\u12cd \u12e8\u121d\u1293\u1308\u129b\u1278\u12cd \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d\u121d \u12f1\u12a8\u121d\u1363 \u1308\u120b\u1295\u1363 \u1230\u1260\u1273\u1363 \u12a0\u12cb\u123d\u1363 \u1208\u1308\u12f3\u12f2\u1363 \u1208\u1308\u1323\u134e (\u1201\u1209\u121d \u1260\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u12ad\u120d\u120d\u1363 \u12e8\u134a\u1295\u134a\u1294 \u12d9\u122a\u12eb \u120d\u12e9 \u12de\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d\u1295 \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd) \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u120d\u121b\u1275 \u12a5\u1245\u12f1 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u1270\u12ab\u1270\u1270\u12cd \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u121d 85 \u1260\u1218\u1276\u12cd \u1308\u1320\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d 15 \u1260\u1218\u1276\u12cd \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u1270\u1308\u120d\u133f\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d \u1260\u12a0\u121d\u1235\u1271 \u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u12ad\u120d\u120d\u1363 \u12e8\u134a\u1295\u134a\u1294 \u12d9\u122a\u12eb \u120d\u12e9 \u12de\u1295 \u12a0\u121d\u1235\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d\u1295 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u126025 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a830 \u123a\u1205 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 40 \u123a\u1205 \u1290\u12cb\u122a\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u121b\u1235\u1348\u122d\u1295 \u1260\u12a5\u1245\u12f5\u1290\u1275 \u12ed\u12df\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1204\u121d \u12d3\u120b\u121b \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u12cd \u2039\u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u1209\u1295 \u1290\u12cb\u122a \u12a8\u12a0\u1235\u12a8\u134a \u12f5\u1205\u1290\u1275 \u121b\u120b\u1240\u1245\u203a \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1364 \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u12e8\u1275\u129b\u12cd\u1295 \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1290\u12cb\u122a \u121b\u1208\u1273\u127d\u1295 \u1270\u1308\u1262 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205\u1295 \u1309\u12f3\u12ee\u127d \u1235\u1295\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1275\u121d \u12a5\u1245\u12f1 \u1260\u12cb\u1293\u1290\u1275 \u12ad\u120d\u120b\u12ca \u12a5\u1245\u12f5 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1218\u122a \u12a5\u1245\u12f5 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u120d\u1206\u1290 \u1208\u1218\u1228\u12f3\u1275 \u1265\u12d9\u121d \u12a0\u12eb\u12f3\u130d\u1270\u1295\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1230\u134a \u12e8\u1308\u1320\u122d \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u1295 (85 \u1260\u1218\u1276\u12cd \u12e8\u12a5\u1245\u12f1 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262) \u12a0\u12ab\u120d\u120e \u130d\u1261\u1295 \u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a\u12eb\u120b\u12ed\u12dc\u123d\u1295 \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u1309\u1295\u121d \u1235\u1293\u12ed \u2039\u130d\u12d9\u134f \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1260\u1270\u130d\u1263\u122d \u12f0\u1228\u1303 (de facto) \u12e8\u122b\u1237 \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u12ad\u120d\u120d (\u12a0\u1235\u1228\u129b\u12cb \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12ad\u120d\u120d) \u1208\u1218\u1218\u1235\u1228\u1275 \u1325\u1228\u1275 \u12a5\u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u127d \u1290\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f4?\u203a \u1265\u1208\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f5\u1295\u1320\u12ed\u1245 \u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1308\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1320\u1240\u1235\u1290\u12cd \u12a0\u12f0\u1293\u130b\u122a\u12cd \u1260\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1271 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u2039\u1235\u1273\u1270\u1235\u203a \u1309\u12f3\u12ed\u121d \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u120b\u12ed \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1273\u12ca\u12cd \u12e8\u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u1290\u1325\u1265 \u1206\u1296 \u12a5\u1293\u1308\u1298\u12cb\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><span class=\"_5yi-\">4.4. \u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb\u1363 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a5\u1293 \u2039\u12a5\u1245\u12f1\u203a<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u1260\u1270\u122b \u1241\u1325\u122d 3 \u120b\u12ed \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u1260\u1270\u1228\u1240\u1240\u1260\u1275 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u2039\u1235\u1273\u1270\u1235\u203a \u130d\u120d\u1345 \u12eb\u1208\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u127d\u130d\u122d\u1293 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u121d\u1275\u1308\u129d\u1260\u1275 \u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u122b\u1275\u1295 \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u130d\u120d\u1345 \u12eb\u1208\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u127d\u130d\u122d \u1215\u120d\u12ee\u1273\u12ca \u1325\u12eb\u1244\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u1295\u1233\u1275 \u1219\u12a8\u122b \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u1308\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u120b\u12ed \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1260\u1270\u130d\u1263\u122d \u12a5\u12eb\u130b\u1320\u1219 \u12eb\u1209 \u1278\u130d\u122e\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u1295\u1233\u1275 \u12e8\u12c8\u12f0\u134a\u1271\u1295 \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u1208\u121b\u12e8\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u121e\u12ad\u122d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1293 \u12e8\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12cd\u12dd\u130d\u1266\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1290\u1231\u1275 \u12a8\u12f5\u1295\u1260\u122d\u1293 \u12a8\u1209\u12d3\u120b\u12ca\u1290\u1275 \u130b\u122d \u1260\u1270\u12eb\u12eb\u12d9 \u1309\u12f3\u12ee\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12eb\u1208 \u1245\u1325 \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1235\u134b\u134b\u127d \u1290\u12cd\u1363 \u12e8\u12a6\u122e\u121e\u1295 \u1263\u1205\u120d\u1293 \u124b\u1295\u124b \u12a5\u12eb\u1320\u134b\u127d \u1290\u12cd\u1363 \u1260\u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u1208\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u1230\u1323\u1275 \u120d\u12e9 \u1325\u1245\u121d \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1260\u1215\u130d \u1263\u1208\u1218\u12c8\u1230\u1291 \u1309\u12f3\u12e9\u1295 \u12a0\u12c8\u1233\u1235\u1266\u1273\u120d \u12c8\u12d8\u1270 \u12e8\u121a\u1209 \u1275\u127d\u1276\u127d \u12a5\u12e8\u1240\u1228\u1261 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1240\u1325\u120f\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><span class=\"_5yi-\">4.4.1. \u12f5\u1295\u1260\u122d<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1235\u134b\u1275 \u1263\u1208\u1349\u1275 \u1203\u121d\u1233 \u12a0\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12a8\u12a5\u1325\u134d \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u12f5\u1313\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12601953 \u1260\u1214\u12ad\u1273\u122d 21,800 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12e8\u1246\u12f3 \u1235\u134b\u1275 \u12601986 \u12c8\u12f0 53,014 \u1214\u12ad\u1273\u122d \u1230\u134d\u1276\u1364 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u12e854,000 \u1214\u12ad\u1273\u122d \u1235\u134b\u1275 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12601996\u1271\u1295 \u1260\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u1218\u122a \u12d5\u1245\u12f5 \u12e8\u1270\u1230\u1348\u1228\u120b\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1200\u121d\u1233 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u1260\u12a5\u1325\u134d \u12eb\u12f0\u1308\u127d \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d \u1260\u12a0\u1208\u1349\u1275 \u1203\u12eb \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u130d\u1295 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12ab\u120b\u1275 \u1235\u134b\u1275 \u1265\u12d9\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12e8 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u120b\u1233\u12e8\u127d\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u12a8\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u130b\u122d \u12eb\u120b\u1275 \u12e8\u12f5\u1295\u1260\u122d \u12cd\u12dd\u130d\u1265 \u12cb\u1290\u129b \u1218\u1290\u123b \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u12f5\u1295\u1260\u1229 \u12a0\u1208\u1218\u12ab\u1208\u120d (demarcation \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205\u121d \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12cd\u12dd\u130d\u1266\u127d \u1260\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1290\u1231 \u12ed\u1230\u121b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1270\u123e\u1218 \u12eb\u121a \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1209 \u12e8\u1215\u130d \u1263\u1208\u1219\u12eb\u121d \u1260\u1309\u12f3\u12e9 \u120b\u12ed \u1263\u12f0\u1228\u1309\u1275 \u1325\u1293\u1275 \u12e8\u12ae\u120d\u134c-\u1240\u122b\u1292\u12ee \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a8\u1261\u122b\u12e9 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u130b\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d \u12e8\u1295\u134b\u1235 \u1235\u120d\u12ad-\u120b\u134d\u1276 \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a8\u1230\u1260\u1273 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u130b\u122d \u1260\u1245\u122d\u1265 \u130a\u12dc\u12eb\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u12f5\u1295\u1260\u122d \u12ed\u1308\u1263\u129b\u120d \u12cd\u12dd\u130d\u1265 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1308\u1261 \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u1343\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d \u12e8\u1308\u1262 \u121d\u1295\u132d\u1295 \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u120d\u12ad\u1276 \u12e8\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12e8\u121b\u12d5\u12f5\u1295 \u12a4\u1300\u1295\u1232 \u1262\u122e \u12a8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a0\u127b\u12cd \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u12db\u1308\u1260\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1209 \u12a0\u12eb\u12ed\u12d8\u12cd \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u1343\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205\u1295 \u127d\u130d\u122e\u127d \u130d\u1295 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1215\u130b\u12ca \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214 \u12a8\u1218\u1235\u1320\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1215\u130d \u12a0\u1348\u1273\u1271\u1295 \u12a8\u121b\u1233\u12f0\u130d \u12ed\u120d\u1245 \u1270\u1208\u1218\u12f0\u12cd\u1295 \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u12ca \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214 \u12a5\u12e8\u1230\u1320 \u127d\u130d\u1229 \u12a0\u1201\u1295\u121d \u1260\u12d8\u120b\u1242\u1290\u1275 \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u1348\u1273 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u1240\u1325\u120f\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12ab\u120b\u1275 \u1266\u1273 \u12cd\u132d (54,000 \u1214\u12ad\u1273\u122d \u12c8\u12ed\u121d 527 \u12aa\u121c \u1235\u12a9\u12e8\u122d) \u1218\u1235\u134b\u1275 \u12a0\u1275\u127d\u120d\u121d \u12c8\u12ed? \u1208\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u1215\u130b\u12ca \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214 \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u1320\u1295 \u12601996 \u12e8\u12c8\u1323\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u1290\u130b\u122a\u1271 \u2039\u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1218\u122a \u1355\u120b\u1295 \u12a0\u12d8\u1308\u1303\u1300\u1275\u1293 \u12a0\u12c8\u1323\u1325\u203a \u12a0\u12cb\u1305 \u1241\u1325\u122d 17\/1996 \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u12a0\u12cb\u1301\u121d \u2039\u2039[\u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12e8] \u1218\u1235\u134b\u134a\u12eb \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 [\u12e8\u121a\u1263\u1208\u12cd] \u1260\u121b\u1235\u1270\u122d \u1298\u120b\u1291 \u12e8\u1266\u1273 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u1260\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1270\u12a8\u120d\u120e \u1263\u1208 \u12e8\u12a0\u122d\u1236 \u12a0\u12f0\u122d \u12c8\u1228\u12f3\u12ce\u127d \u1235\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u129d \u12e8\u1208\u121b \u12a5\u1293 \u12c8\u12f0\u134a\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u121b \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u129d\u1260\u1275 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361\u203a\u203a \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12ab\u120b\u1275 \u1266\u1273 \u12cd\u132d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121b\u1275\u1235\u134b\u134b \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u1343\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u130b\u122d \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u120d\u12ad\u1276 \u1260\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1218\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u12e8\u1218\u1218\u1235\u1228\u127b \u127b\u122d\u1270\u122d 87\/1989\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u12ed\u1204\u1295 \u127b\u122d\u1270\u122d \u1219\u1209 \u1208\u1219\u1209 \u12eb\u123b\u123b\u1209\u1275 \u12a0\u12cb\u1305 \u1241\u1325\u122d 311\/1995 \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u12a0\u12cb\u1305 \u1241\u1325\u122d 361\/1995 \u12e8\u12f5\u1295\u1260\u1229 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u2039\u12c8\u12f0\u134a\u1275 \u1260\u12cd\u12ed\u12ed\u1275 \u12ed\u12ab\u1208\u120b\u120d\u203a \u12a8\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1260\u1235\u1270\u1240\u122d \u12eb\u1235\u1240\u1218\u1321\u1275 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12e8\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u120c\u120b \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1218\u1208\u1320\u1325 \u12eb\u1233\u1230\u1260\u12cd \u12a5\u1293 \u12ed\u1204\u121d \u1218\u1308\u1273\u1275 \u12a0\u1208\u1260\u1275 \u1265\u120e \u12eb\u1230\u1260\u12cd \u12e8\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12602000 \u12e8\u134a\u1295\u134a\u1294 \u12d9\u122a\u12eb \u12e8\u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u120d\u12e9 \u12de\u1295 \u1260\u121a\u120d \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12de\u1295 \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a6\u122e\u121a\u12eb \u12ad\u120d\u120d\u1295 \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u1208\u121b\u1233\u1208\u1325 \u1260\u121a\u120d \u1230\u1260\u1265 \u12a0\u124b\u1241\u121f\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12e8\u1240\u1228\u1260\u12cd \u2039\u12e8\u120d\u121b\u1275 \u12a5\u1245\u12f5\u203a \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12e8\u120d\u12e9 \u12de\u1291\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u1219\u1209 \u1208\u1219\u1209 \u1260\u121b\u1235\u1308\u1263\u1275 \u120c\u120b \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u1218\u12ab\u1228\u122d \u1348\u1325\u122f\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><span class=\"_5yi-\">4.4.2. \u124b\u1295\u124b<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12e8\u12a0\u121c\u122a\u12ab\u12cb \u1268\u122d\u1302\u1292\u12eb \u1235\u1274\u1275 \u1208\u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1273\u121b\u12cb \u12cb\u123d\u1295\u130d\u1270\u1295 \u12f2\u1232 \u12e8\u1230\u1320\u1201\u1275 \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u12ed\u1218\u1208\u1235\u120d\u129d \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1218\u122c\u1277\u1295 \u12601846 \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u120d\u1233\u1208\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u120c\u120b \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12eb\u1208\u127d\u12cd\u1293 \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u12a8\u121c\u122a\u120b\u1295\u12f5 \u2039\u1235\u1274\u1275\u203a \u12c8\u1235\u12f3 \u12e8\u1246\u1218\u127d\u12cd \u12cb\u123d\u1295\u130d\u1270\u1295 \u12f2\u1232 \u2039\u122b\u1237\u1295 \u12e8\u127b\u1208\u127d \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1275\u1201\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u121d\u203a \u1203\u1233\u1265 \u1265\u12d9\u121d \u1270\u1243\u12cd\u121e \u12a0\u12ed\u1240\u122d\u1265\u1260\u1275\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1208\u1235\u120b\u1233 \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u12cb\u1290\u129b\u12cd \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275\u121d \u12e8\u12cb\u123d\u1295\u130d\u1270\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12d9\u122a\u12eb\u12cb \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u1263\u1205\u120d\u1293 \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1218\u1218\u1233\u1230\u120d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u1260\u1270\u1243\u122b\u1292\u12cd \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1293\u1308\u1228\u12cd \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1260\u12d9\u122a\u12eb\u12cb \u12ab\u1208\u12cd \u124b\u1295\u124b \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12e8 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b\u1295 \u1273\u12c8\u122b\u1208\u127d \u12d9\u122a\u12eb\u12cb \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a6\u122e\u121d\u129b\u1295 \u12ed\u1293\u1308\u122b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u124b\u1295\u124b \u121d\u1201\u1229 \u1355\u122e\u134c\u1230\u122d \u1263\u12e8 \u12ed\u121b\u121d \u2039\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1208\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b\u1363 \u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u1208\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u203a \u1263\u1209\u1275 \u1345\u1201\u134b\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b\u1295\u1293 \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u1232\u12eb\u1235\u1228\u12f1\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u121d\u1225\u1228\u1273 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e8 \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a \u12e8\u1206\u1291 \u1265\u1214\u122d \u1265\u1214\u1228\u1230\u1266\u127d\u1293 \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u1260\u12e8\u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1271 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u1260\u1218\u130d\u1263\u1275 \u1260\u1309\u122d\u1265\u1275\u1293 \u12a0\u1265\u1228\u12cd \u1218\u1296\u122d\u1293 \u1218\u1225\u122b\u1275 \u1300\u1218\u1229\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e8 \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u1290\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12e8\u130b\u122b \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1270\u1320\u1243\u121a\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u1238\u130b\u1308\u1228:: \u120d\u1233\u1290 \u12cb\u1205\u12f5 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u1265\u1204\u1228\u1230\u1265 \u120d\u1233\u1290 \u12ad\u120d\u12d4 \u12a5\u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u1218\u1323\u1362 \u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u12a8\u1218\u127c\u12cd\u121d \u130a\u12dc \u12e8\u1260\u1208\u1320 \u12a8\u1270\u1218\u129b\u12cd\u1295 \u1201\u1209 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1308\u1293\u129d \u12e8\u130b\u122b \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1206\u1290\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1293 \u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b\u1363 \u1208\u122d\u1235\u1260\u122d\u1233\u1278\u12cd \u1265\u120e\u121d \u1208\u1218\u120b\u12cd \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u1208\u12cd\u1325 \u1270\u121d\u1233\u120c\u1275 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u12eb\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f1 \u1265\u1204\u1228\u1230\u1265 \u1260\u1264\u1271\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u1260\u12a0\u12f0\u1263\u1263\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1293\u1308\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u122b\u1231\u1295 \u124b\u1295\u124b\u1293 \u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b\u1295 \u1290\u12cd \u1208\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12ed\u127b\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u130d\u1295 \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u12ed\u1208\u12eb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a0\u12f0\u1263\u1263\u12ed \u1201\u1209\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u1293\u1228\u12cd \u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b\u1295 \u1290\u12cd \u1262\u1263\u120d \u121b\u130b\u1290\u1295 \u12a0\u12ed\u1206\u1295\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1218\u122d\u12ab\u1276 \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u121b\u12cd \u124b\u1295\u124b \u120c\u120b \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12e8\u1215\u1265\u1228-\u1265\u1214\u122b\u12ca\u1290\u1275 \u1270\u121d\u1233\u120c\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290\u127d \u1201\u1209\u1363 \u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b\u121d \u12e8\u12da\u1201 \u1218\u130d\u1208\u132b \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1201\u1209\u121d \u12ed\u12c8\u1235\u12f3\u120d\u1363 \u1218\u120d\u1236 \u1208\u1201\u1209\u121d \u12eb\u1230\u122b\u132b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1201\u1209\u1295\u121d \u12eb\u1308\u1293\u129b\u120d\u1363 \u12a8\u1201\u1209\u121d \u1243\u120d \u12ed\u12c8\u1235\u12f3\u120d\u1363 \u1208\u1201\u1209\u121d \u1243\u120d \u12ed\u1230\u1323\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u1343\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u1355\u122e\u134c\u1230\u1229 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1209\u1275 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u12eb\u1208 \u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u121b\u1230\u1265 \u1260\u134d\u1341\u121d \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u127b\u120d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1270\u1243\u122b\u1292\u12cd \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1260\u12d9\u122a\u12eb\u12cb \u12eb\u1209\u1275 \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1263\u1262\u12ce\u127d \u12a6\u122e\u121d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u2039\u12ed\u1205\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1265\u127b \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1235\u120d\u1323\u1294 \u121d\u120d\u12ad\u1275 \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u127d \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1273\u12ed \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1293\u1308\u1228\u12cd \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1260\u12d9\u122a\u12eb\u12cb \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u12a6\u122e\u121d\u129b \u124b\u1295\u124b \u12eb\u1328\u1241\u1290\u12cb\u120d\u203a \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1203\u1233\u1265 \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u1290\u12dd\u1229 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u1265\u12d9 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12ad\u120d\u120b\u12ca \u12e8\u120d\u121b\u1275 \u12a5\u1245\u12f5 \u1240\u122d\u1267\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1245\u12f1\u121d \u12a8\u124b\u1295\u124b \u130b\u122d \u1260\u1270\u1308\u1293\u129d \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1270\u1243\u12cd\u121e\u1293 \u12cd\u12dd\u130d\u1265 \u12e8\u1260\u1208\u1320 \u12a0\u12ad\u122d\u122e\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><span class=\"_5yi-\">4.4.3. \u12e8\u1308\u1260\u122c \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u1208\u12a8\u1270\u121c? <\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u12a8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1218\u1235\u134b\u134b\u1275 \u130b\u122d \u1270\u12eb\u12ed\u12de \u120c\u120b\u12cd \u12a5\u12e8\u1240\u1228\u1260 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1260\u1230\u134b\u127d \u1241\u1325\u122d \u1308\u1260\u122c\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u12eb\u1348\u1293\u1240\u1208\u127d \u1264\u1275 \u12a0\u120d\u1263 \u1273\u12f0\u122d\u130b\u1208\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u1325\u1293\u1276\u127d\u121d \u12ed\u1204\u1295 \u12eb\u1218\u120b\u12ad\u1273\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u1348\u12e8\u122b \u12a0\u1265\u12f2 \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1209 \u12a0\u1325\u129d \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u121d\u1235\u1228\u1273\u12cb \u1300\u121d\u122e \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12eb\u1208\u127d\u1260\u1275\u1295 \u1235\u134b\u1275 \u1208\u121c\u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u1260\u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u121b\u12ab\u129d 400 \u1214\u12ad\u1273\u122d \u12eb\u1205\u120d \u1235\u1275\u1230\u134b \u1290\u1260\u122d \u12ed\u120b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1263\u1208\u12cd \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u130d\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u1260\u1215\u130d \u12a0\u130d\u1263\u1265 \u120d\u1275\u1230\u134b \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u127d\u1208\u12cd \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u1260\u127b\u122d\u1270\u122d \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u1270\u124b\u124b\u1218\u127d\u1260\u1275 \u12a0\u12cb\u1305 \u1241\u1325\u122d 87\/1989 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1208\u1340\u12cd\u1295 \u2039\u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cd\u1295 \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u1218\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u1229 \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1299\u1275\u1295 \u1203\u12eb \u1236\u1235\u1275 \u12e8\u1308\u1320\u122d \u1240\u1260\u120c\u12ce\u127d \u12eb\u1320\u1243\u120d\u120b\u120d\u203a\u203a \u1270\u1265\u120e \u1260\u1270\u1308\u1208\u1340\u12cd \u12a0\u130d\u1263\u1265 \u12c8\u12f3\u1209\u1275 \u1203\u12eb \u1236\u1235\u1275 \u12e8\u1308\u1320\u122d \u1240\u1260\u120c\u12ce\u127d \u1265\u127b \u1290\u12cd \u120a\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u127d\u1208\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a2\u134c\u12f4\u122a \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 40 (4) \u120b\u12ed \u2039\u2039\u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12a0\u122d\u1236 \u12a0\u12f0\u122e\u127d \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u1260\u1290\u1343 \u12e8\u121b\u130d\u129d\u1275\u1293 \u12a8\u1218\u122c\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12eb\u1208\u1218\u1290\u1240\u120d \u1218\u1265\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1260\u1228 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361\u203a\u203a \u1270\u1265\u120e \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1308\u1260\u122c\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1218\u1265\u1275 \u12ed\u1325\u1233\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u1209 \u1265\u12d9 \u12c8\u1308\u1296\u127d \u12a0\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u12da\u1201 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 \u1295\u12d1\u1235 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 8 \u120b\u12ed \u2039\u2039\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1208\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1325\u1245\u121d \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u120b\u130a \u1201\u1296 \u1232\u12eb\u1308\u129d\u12cd \u1270\u1218\u1323\u1323\u129d \u12e8\u12ab\u1223 \u12ad\u134d\u12eb \u1260\u1245\u12f5\u121a\u12eb \u1260\u1218\u12ad\u1348\u120d [\u2026] [\u1218\u122c\u1271\u1295] \u120a\u12c8\u1235\u12f0\u12cd \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d\u203a\u203a \u1270\u1265\u120e \u1260\u1218\u12f0\u1295\u1308\u1309 \u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u1308\u1260\u122c\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u1265\u1275 \u1308\u12f0\u1265 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1203\u1233\u1265\u121d \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u120b\u12ed \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1273\u12ca \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12a5\u12e8\u1240\u1228\u1260 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u2039\u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1293\u1300 \u12e8\u130b\u122b \u12a5\u1245\u12f5\u203a \u12d3\u120b\u121b\u12cd \u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a\u12eb\u120b\u12ed\u12dc\u123d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u12eb\u1235\u1240\u1218\u1320 \u1232\u1206\u1295 1.1 \u121a\u120a\u12ee\u1295 \u1214\u12ad\u1273\u122d\u1295 \u12eb\u1240\u1348\u1293 17 \u12e8\u121a\u1206\u1291 \u12c8\u1228\u12f3\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12e8\u12eb\u12d8 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u1270\u1308\u120d\u1346\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1204\u121d \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u1265\u12d9 \u12e8\u1308\u1320\u122d \u1240\u1260\u120c\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u12eb\u12ab\u1275\u1275 \u130d\u120d\u1345 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a\u12eb\u120b\u12ed\u12dc\u123d\u1295\u1295 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1308 \u12a5\u1245\u12f5 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u12eb\u1205\u120d \u1266\u1273 \u1232\u1273\u1240\u12f5 \u1308\u1260\u122c\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u1308\u134d \u12a0\u12eb\u1348\u1293\u1245\u120d\u121d \u1265\u120e \u121b\u1230\u1265 \u122b\u1235\u1295 \u12a8\u121b\u121e\u1298\u1275 \u1263\u1208\u1348 \u134b\u12ed\u12f3 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1218\u1348\u1293\u1240\u1209\u1295\u121d \u2039\u1208\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1325\u1245\u121d \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u120b\u130a \u1201\u1296 \u1235\u1208\u1270\u1308\u1295\u203a \u1290\u12cd \u1265\u120e \u121b\u1230\u1265 \u12e8\u1263\u1230 \u121e\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1206\u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\">\u1232\u1320\u1243\u1208\u120d\u121d \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1260\u1270\u1233\u1233\u1270 \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u120d\u121b\u1275 \u1356\u120a\u1232 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u1260\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u1209\u121d \u12a5\u1235\u12aa\u1263\u120d \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u12eb\u1208\u120d\u12ad \u1308\u12dd\u134b\u1208\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205\u121d \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u12f0\u1228\u130d \u121b\u1295\u129b\u12cd\u121d \u12a5\u1245\u12f5 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12eb\u12ca \u12a5\u1245\u12f5 \u12a8\u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12ed\u120d\u1245 \u1200\u1308\u122b\u12ca \u12a5\u1245\u12f5 \u1290\u12cd \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12ed\u127b\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1203\u1209\u1293 \u1260\u12f3\u122d \u1200\u1308\u1229 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u120d\u12e9\u1290\u1275 \u1208\u121b\u1325\u1260\u1265 \u12a8\u1218\u1235\u122b\u1275 \u12ed\u120d\u1245 \u12a0\u1201\u1295\u121d \u1260\u1356\u120a\u1232 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u130d\u12d9\u134d\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u1260\u1208\u1320 \u12e8\u121b\u1235\u1240\u1320\u120d \u12a0\u12ab\u1214\u12f5 \u1290\u12cd \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u12ab\u1214\u12f0 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u12a0\u12ab\u1214\u12f5 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1260\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u120a\u1296\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1263\u12cd \u130d\u120d\u1345 \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u12f5\u1295\u1260\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u2039\u1235\u1273\u1270\u1235\u203a \u12ab\u1208\u1218\u1296\u1229 \u1300\u121d\u122e \u12e8\u1270\u1290\u1233 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1364 \u1260\u1270\u130d\u1263\u122d\u121d \u127d\u130d\u122e\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u12ca \u12cd\u1233\u1294 \u12a0\u12f5\u1260\u1235\u1265\u1236 \u12e8\u121b\u1208\u134d \u12cd\u1324\u1275 \u1232\u1320\u122b\u1240\u121d \u1246\u12ed\u1276 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u12f0\u1228\u1230 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u12e8\u1308\u12d8\u1348 \u12a5\u1245\u12f5\u1295 (\u12eb\u12cd\u121d \u2039\u1218\u122a \u12a5\u1245\u12f5\u203a \u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u2039\u12ad\u120d\u120b\u12ca \u12a5\u1245\u12f5\u203a \u1260\u130d\u120d\u1345 \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u1240\u1218\u1320 \u12a5\u1245\u12f5) \u12a8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u130b\u122d \u12a0\u12eb\u12ed\u12de \u121b\u1245\u1228\u1265\u121d \u1208\u1309\u120d\u1260\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1308\u12e5 \u120d\u1212\u1245 \u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a \u1203\u12ed\u120d \u1260\u1218\u1235\u1320\u1275 \u1308\u1260\u122c\u12cd\u1295 \u12a8\u122b\u1231 \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u132d\u1230\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u134b \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1206\u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u120b\u120d\u1270\u1233\u12ab \u12a2\u1295\u12f0\u1235\u1275\u122a\u12eb\u120b\u12ed\u12dc\u123d\u1295 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1273\u12ca \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214 \u12a8\u1218\u1348\u1208\u130d \u12ed\u120d\u1245 \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1235\u122d\u12a3\u1271\u1295 \u1260\u130d\u12f4\u1208\u123d\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u130d\u134b\u1275\u1293 \u1260\u1218\u1230\u1208\u129d \u1208\u121b\u1233\u12ab\u1275 \u1218\u121e\u12a8\u122d \u1290\u1308\u121d \u120c\u120b \u127d\u130d\u122d \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u12d8\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1215\u1229\u12ed \u121a\u1293\u1235\u1295 \u12a8\u1229\u1245 \u1308\u1290\u1275 \u1201\u1293 \u1260\u1218\u130d\u1290\u1322\u1233\u12ca \u1203\u12ed\u120f \u1235\u1263 \u1264\u1270\u129b \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u127d\u12cd \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1235 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u1218\u127c \u1290\u12cd \u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u1260\u1356\u120a\u1232 \u12ad\u123d\u1348\u1275 \u12a5\u12e8\u12c8\u12f0\u1240\u127d \u12eb\u1208\u127d\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e8 \u1348\u1270\u1293 \u1208\u121b\u1208\u134d \u1218\u1233\u122a\u12eb \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1206\u1290\u12cd? \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1271\u1235 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u1218\u127c \u1290\u12cd \u1215\u130b\u12ca\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u1233\u12ed\u1270\u12cb\u12c8\u1245 \u12e8\u121a\u12d8\u120d\u1240\u12cd?<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"_2cuy _3dgx _2vxa\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"irc_mi aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/14\/Addis_Abeba_montage_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"483\" height=\"396\" \/><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1263\u1263 \u1235\u1208\u121d\u1295 \u1273\u12c8\u12db\u130d\u1263\u1208\u127d? \u1260\u12d8\u120b\u1208\u121d \u12ad\u1265\u1228\u1275 \u1215\u1229\u12ed \u121a\u1293\u1235 \u12a0\u1235\u12f0\u1293\u1242 \u1230\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1308\u1260\u122c \u120d\u1305\u1363 \u1260\u12a0\u1235\u122b\u12ce\u1279 \u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12e8\u1308\u1263\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12db\u121d \u12e8\u12a0\u1265\u1290\u1275 \u1270\u121b\u122a \u1206\u1290\u1293 \u1245\u12f3\u1234\u1293 \u1245\u1294 \u121e\u12ab\u12a8\u1228\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1231 \u12a0\u120d\u1206\u1295 \u1232\u1208\u12cd \u130e\u12f3\u1293 \u12c8\u1325\u1276 \u130e\u12f3\u1293 \u12a0\u12f3\u122a \u1206\u1290\u1361\u1361 \u1240\u1320\u1208\u1293 \u12e8\u1208\u121b\u129d \u1218\u122a (sighted guide) \u1206\u1290\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1231\u121d &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/478608\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1263\u1263 \u1235\u1208\u121d\u1295 \u1273\u12c8\u12db\u130d\u1263\u1208\u127d? \u1260\u12d8\u120b\u1208\u121d \u12ad\u1265\u1228\u1275<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,22,24],"tags":[957,100,18,958],"class_list":["post-478608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-amharic","category-amharic-news-2","category-ethiopian-news","tag-addia-ababa-master-plan","tag-addis-ababa","tag-ethiopia","tag-zelalem-kibret-zone-9"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/478608","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=478608"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/478608\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=478608"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=478608"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=478608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}