{"id":476252,"date":"2015-12-08T11:52:43","date_gmt":"2015-12-08T16:52:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mereja.com\/amharic\/?p=476252"},"modified":"2015-12-08T11:52:43","modified_gmt":"2015-12-08T16:52:43","slug":"%e1%8c%8b%e1%88%9d%e1%89%a4%e1%88%8b-%e1%8b%a8%e1%8d%8c%e1%8b%b0%e1%88%ab%e1%88%8a%e1%8b%9d%e1%88%99-%e1%8a%ad%e1%88%bd%e1%8d%88%e1%89%b5-%e1%88%9b%e1%88%b3%e1%8b%ab-%e1%89%a0%e1%8b%98%e1%88%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/476252","title":{"rendered":"\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b: \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u1219 \u12ad\u123d\u1348\u1275 \u121b\u1233\u12eb? – \u1260\u12d8\u120b\u1208\u121d \u12ad\u1265\u1228\u1275"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b: \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u1219 \u12ad\u123d\u1348\u1275 \u121b\u1233\u12eb? – \u1260\u12d8\u120b\u1208\u121d \u12ad\u1265\u1228\u1275<\/div>\n
\u1210\u1219\u1235\u00a0 – \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12a5\u1201\u12f5\u1361 06 \u2013 07 \u2013 2007\u1363 \u1266\u120c \u12a0\u12cd\u122e\u1355\u120b\u1295 \u121b\u1228\u134a\u12eb\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u1230\u129e\u1363 \u1361 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b\u1363 \u121b\u1303\u1295\u130d \u12de\u1295\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
\u1260\u12a0\u1235\u1308\u122b\u121a \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u12e8\u1240\u12f5\u121e\u12cd \u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12ad\u120d\u120b\u12ca \u121d\u12ad\u122d \u1264\u1275 \u12a0\u1348 \u1309\u1263\u12a4\u1293 \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122c\u123d\u1295 \u121d\u12ad\u122d \u1264\u1275 \u12a0\u1263\u120d \u12a0\u1276 \u12a0\u123d\u1294 \u12a0\u1235\u1272\u1295 \u1260\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u121b\u1303\u1295\u130d \u12de\u1295 \u1218\u1295\u12f5\u123d \u12e8\u121d\u122d\u132b \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1260\u1270\u12ab\u1214\u12f0\u12cd \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u120d \u121d\u12ad\u122d \u1264\u1275 \u121d\u122d\u132b \u130b\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u1295\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u12c8\u12a8\u120d \u121d\u122d\u132b\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u1238\u1290\u134b\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u121d\u122d\u132b \u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u121d\u122d\u132b \u1345\u1205\u1348\u1275 \u1264\u1275 \u1203\u120b\u134a \u12a0\u1276 \u121b\u1274\u12ce\u1235 \u12a4\u134d\u122c\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1228\u1218 \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u122b\u132d\u1290\u1275 \u1218\u1273\u12c8\u1242\u12eb <\/a>\u12e8\u1270\u12d8\u130b\u1300\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u2039\u12e8\u1270\u1218\u122b\u1329 \u134a\u122d\u121b\u203a \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1266\u1273 \u120b\u12ed \u130d\u1295 \u134a\u122d\u121b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a0\u120b\u1233\u1228\u1349\u121d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u1208\u121d\u1295? \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1271\u121d \u12a0\u1276 \u12a0\u123d\u1294 \u12a0\u1235\u1272\u1295 \u12a8\u1218\u130b\u1262\u1275 06 – 2007 \u1300\u121d\u122e \u2039\u2039\u1218\u1240\u1218\u132b\u12cd\u1295 \u1200\u122c\u1293\u1363 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12ab\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u12cd \u122b\u1231\u1295 \u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1205\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u1290\u1343\u1290\u1275 \u1295\u1245\u1293\u1244 (\u130b\u1205\u1290\u1295) \u1265\u120e \u12a8\u121a\u1320\u122b \u12e8\u123d\u1265\u122d\u1270\u129b \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1275 \u130b\u122d \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u1348\u1325\u1228\u1203\u120d\u203a\u203a \u1270\u1265\u1208\u12cd \u1260\u1340\u1228-\u123d\u1265\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u1246\u1301 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u1270\u12a8\u1230\u12cd \u1260\u12a5\u1235\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u1235\u1208\u1206\u1291\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f2\u1205 \u12a0\u1276 \u12a0\u123d\u1294 \u12a0\u1235\u1272\u1295 \u121d\u122d\u132b \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u12f3\u12f0\u1229\u1275\u121d \u12eb\u1238\u1290\u1349\u1275\u121d \u1260\u120c\u1209\u1260\u1275 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1364 \u1260\u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b\u121d \u1260\u120c\u1209\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u121d\u12ad\u122d \u1264\u1275 \u1270\u1218\u122b\u132d \u1235\u1208\u1218\u1206\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u121d\u122d\u132b \u1266\u122d\u12f5 \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u122b\u132d\u1290\u1275 \u1218\u1273\u12c8\u1242\u12eb \u1270\u12d8\u130b\u1305\u1276\u120b\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
***<\/div>\n
\u12a1\u121e\u1275 \u12a1\u1263\u1295\u130d \u12602002 \u121d\u122d\u132b \u12a0\u1238\u1295\u134e \u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u12e8\u12eb\u12d8\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u121d\u12ad\u122d \u1264\u1275 \u12a0\u122b\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u1235\u122b \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12602003 \u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u120b\u12ed \u1232\u12a8\u134d\u1271 \u12a0\u123d\u1294 \u12a0\u1235\u1272\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u1348 \u1309\u1263\u12a4\u1290\u1275 \u12a8\u130e\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229 \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u12b3\u127d \u121b\u121e \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12e8\u121d\u12ad\u122d \u1264\u1275 \u12a0\u1263\u120d \u1201\u1290\u12cd \u12a8\u134a\u1275 \u1208\u134a\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u1270\u1240\u121d\u1320\u12cd \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u121d\u1235\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1263\u120d\u121e\u120b \u130a\u12dc \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a1\u121e\u1275 \u12a1\u1263\u1295\u130d \u12a8\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u1355\u122c\u12dd\u12f0\u1295\u1275\u1290\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u1270\u1290\u1235\u1270\u12cd \u1260\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u121a\u1292\u1235\u1275\u122d \u12f2\u12a4\u1273 \u1206\u1290\u12cd \u1262\u123e\u1219\u121d \u12e8\u12eb\u12d9\u1275\u1295 \u12ed\u12d8\u12cd \u12a8\u1200\u1308\u122d \u12ae\u1260\u1208\u1209\u1363 \u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1265\u1214\u122b\u12ca \u12ad\u120d\u120b\u12ca \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u121d\u12ad\u122d \u1264\u1275 \u12a0\u1348 \u1309\u1263\u12a4\u1293 \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122c\u123d\u1295 \u121d\u12ad\u122d \u1264\u1275 \u12a0\u1263\u120d \u12a0\u123d\u1294 \u12a0\u1235\u1272\u1295 \u1260\u123d\u1265\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u1270\u1320\u122d\u1325\u1228\u12cd \u1273\u1235\u1228\u12cd \u12ed\u1308\u129b\u1209\u1363 \u12e8\u121d\u12ad\u122d \u1264\u1275 \u12a0\u1263\u1209 \u1260\u12b3\u127d \u121b\u121e\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201 \u1260\u123d\u1265\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u1270\u1320\u122d\u1325\u1228\u12cd \u1260\u12a5\u1235\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u12ed\u1308\u129b\u1209\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u12a5\u12cd\u1290\u1275 \u12ed\u1205 \u1201\u1209 \u12e8\u121a\u1206\u1290\u12cd \u1205\u130d\u1293 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1263\u1208\u1260\u1275 \u1200\u1308\u122d \u1290\u12cd? \u1265\u120e \u1218\u1320\u12e8\u1245 \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u130b\u122d \u1270\u1308\u1262 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12a0\u1260\u1233 \u130d\u1295 \u12a8\u12da\u1205\u121d \u12ed\u120d\u1243\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
1. \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b<\/span><\/div>\n
\u12e8\u12a2\u134c\u12f4\u122a \u1215\u1308 – \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 47 \u12ab\u124b\u124b\u121b\u1278\u12cd \u12d8\u1320\u129d \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1218\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122e\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1265\u12db\u1271 \u1275\u1295\u123d \u12a8\u121a\u1263\u1209 \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u1232\u1206\u1295 (\u12e8\u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120b\u12ca \u1235\u1273\u1275\u1235\u1272\u12ad\u1235 \u1263\u1208\u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u12e8\u1203\u121d\u120c 2007 \u130d\u1218\u1273 \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1265\u12db\u1275 \u1236\u1235\u1275 \u1218\u1276 \u12d8\u1320\u1293 \u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1275 \u123a\u1205 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u12eb\u1233\u12eb\u120d)\u1363 \u1260\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u121a\u1308\u1299\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u122d \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12ce\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u2039\u1260\u12e8\u12ab \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u203a \u1265\u127b \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1228\u12cd \u1290\u12cb\u122a \u1260\u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u1260\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12a8\u121a\u1296\u1228\u12cd \u1290\u12cb\u122a \u1260\u12a5\u1305\u1309 \u12ed\u1260\u120d\u1323\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u120c\u120b \u12a0\u1290\u130b\u1308\u122d \u1260\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1228\u12cd \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12a8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1215\u12dd\u1265 0.4 \u1260\u1218\u1276\u12cd\u1295 \u1265\u127b \u12ed\u1238\u134d\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 (\u12e8\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1241\u1325\u1229 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u120d\u1202\u1243\u1295 \u1325\u122d\u1323\u122c \u12a0\u120b\u1278\u12cd) \u12e8\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1265\u12db\u1271 \u12a8\u1246\u12f3 \u1235\u134b\u1271 \u12a0\u1295\u1343\u122d \u1232\u1273\u12ed \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u1230\u134a \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1230\u1348\u1228\u1260\u1275 (sparsely populated) \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12e8\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1295\u1345\u1345\u122d \u1232\u1240\u122d\u1265\u121d \u1203\u121d\u1233 \u12a8\u121a\u1206\u1291\u1275 \u12e8\u12a0\u12cd\u122e\u1353 \u1200\u1308\u122b\u1275 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12a0\u1235\u122b \u1236\u1235\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1206\u1291\u1275\u1295 \u1260\u1246\u12f3 \u1235\u134b\u1275 \u12ed\u1260\u120d\u1323\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1218\u122c\u1271 \u1230\u134a\u1363 \u12e8\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1265\u12db\u1271 \u1275\u1295\u123d \u12a5\u1293 \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u1208\u121d \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u132d\u1246\u1293\u12cd\u1363 \u12e8\u1218\u1265\u1275 \u1325\u1230\u1271\u1363 \u1235\u12f0\u1271\u1293 \u1218\u12a8\u122b\u12cd \u12e8\u1260\u12db\u1260\u1275 \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12e8\u1208\u121d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1235\u1205\u1270\u1275 \u1290\u12cd \u12a0\u12eb\u1235\u1265\u120d\u121d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u12601980\u12ce\u1279 \u12a0\u130b\u121b\u123d Cultural Survival<\/a> \u1260\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1228\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12a0\u1299\u12cb \u12d8\u12cd\u130d \u2039\u12a0\u12f0\u130b \u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u1209 \u1261\u12f5\u1296\u127d\u203a \u12dd\u122d\u12dd\u122d (endangered groups list) \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12ab\u1235\u1308\u1263\u12cd \u130a\u12dc \u1300\u121d\u122e \u1235\u1208 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1235\u1243\u12ed\u1293 \u1218\u12a8\u122b \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 Genocide Watch, Survival International, Oakland Institute, Inclusive Development, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, International Consortium of Investigative Journalists<\/a> (ICIJ) \u12e8\u1218\u1233\u1230\u1209 \u1356\u120a\u1232 \u12a0\u134d\u120b\u1242\u12ce\u127d (think tanks)\u1363 \u12e8\u1218\u1265\u1275 \u1270\u12a8\u122b\u12ab\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d \u130b\u12dc\u1320\u129e\u127d \u1265\u12d9 \u122a\u1356\u122d\u1276\u127d\u1363 \u1218\u130d\u1208\u132b\u12ce\u127d\u1293 \u12d8\u1308\u1263\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u130a\u12dc\u12eb\u1275 \u12a0\u12cd\u1325\u1270\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u130d\u132d\u1275 \u1270\u1295\u1273\u129e\u127d (conflict analysts) \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1295 \u12e8\u130d\u132d\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u1235\u12a4\u1293 \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1204 \u1232\u1270\u1290\u1275\u1291 \u12a8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12e8\u1270\u123b\u1208 \u121d\u1233\u120c \u120a\u12eb\u1308\u1299 \u12a0\u120d\u127b\u1209\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u12da\u1205\u121d \u12a5\u12db\u121d \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1290\u12cd \u1260\u121d\u1233\u120c\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1240\u122d\u1260\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u121d\u1295 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b?<\/div>\n
2. \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b\u1293: \u2018\u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122c\u123d\u1291 \u1348\u1270\u1293\u2019?<\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u12d8\u12cd\u130d \u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121d\u1295 (ethnic federalism) \u1260\u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u1270\u1240\u1265\u120b \u1270\u130d\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u1260\u1300\u1218\u1228\u127d\u1260\u1275 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u1202\u12f0\u1271 \u12d8\u12cd\u130d \u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121d\u1295 \u1260\u1215\u130d \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12a8\u12a8\u1208\u12a8\u1209\u1275\u1293 \u12d8\u12cd\u130c \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u1353\u122d\u1272\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u1215\u130d \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12a8\u121a\u12eb\u130d\u12f1\u1275 \u12a8\u12a0\u1265\u12db\u1296\u1279 \u12e8\u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab \u1200\u1308\u122b\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12e8 (divergent) \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291 \u1275\u127d\u1275\u1293 \u12cd\u12f3\u1234 \u12a8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12a0\u12ab\u120b\u1275 \u12ed\u1240\u122d\u1265\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1270\u127d\u12ce\u127d \u12ed\u1205 \u1208\u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u1218\u1325\u134e \u121d\u1233\u120c (precedent) \u1290\u12cd \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a8\u134b\u134b\u12ed \u1290\u12cd \u1232\u1209 \u1232\u12eb\u1323\u1325\u1209\u1275\u1364 \u12a0\u12c8\u12f3\u123e\u1279 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab \u12a8\u1270\u12d8\u1348\u1240\u127d\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u130d\u132d\u1275 \u12a0\u12d9\u122a\u1275 \u1208\u1218\u12cd\u1323\u1275 \u1325\u1229 \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214 \u1290\u12cd \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1232\u12eb\u121e\u130d\u1231\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12d8\u12cd\u130c \u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121d \u12a8\u1203\u12eb \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1270\u127d\u12ce\u1279 \u1206\u1290 \u12c8\u12ed\u1235 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a0\u12c8\u12f3\u123e\u1271 \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u12a6\u12f2\u1272\u1295\u130d \u12e8\u12da\u1205 \u1345\u1201\u134d \u12d3\u120b\u121b \u1263\u1208\u1218\u1206\u1291 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1345\u1201\u134d \u1208\u121b\u12e8\u1275 \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u121e\u12a8\u1228\u121d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u2039\u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121d \u1265\u12d9 \u12cd\u12ed\u12ed\u1275 \u1233\u12ed\u12f0\u1228\u130d\u1260\u1275 \u1290\u12cd \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1263\u1208\u12cd \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1273\u12ca \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u12cd\u203a \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 \u1275\u127d\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1208 \u1206\u1296 \u12d8\u1320\u129d \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d\u1295\u1293 \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122e\u127d\u1295 (\u12f5\u122c\u12f3\u12cb\u1295 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u121b\u123b\u123b\u120d \u1233\u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u1308\u12cd \u1260\u12a0\u12cb\u1305 \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u130e \u1270\u1240\u1265\u120f\u1273\u120d) \u12ed\u12de \u1270\u130d\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u1206\u1297\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u1260\u12cb\u1290\u129b\u1290\u1275 \u12d8\u12cd\u130d\u1295 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u12cd \u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121d \u130d\u1295 \u12e8\u130d\u132d\u1275\u1293 \u1218\u1295\u1235\u12a4 \u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u1300\u1218\u1228\u12cd \u1260\u1270\u130d\u1263\u122b\u12ca\u1290\u1271 \u121b\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u134c\u12f0\u122c\u123d\u1295 \u12cb\u1290\u129b \u12e8\u130d\u132d\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u1235\u12a4 \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a0\u122b\u1271 \u1265\u12d9\u1203\u1291\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12c8\u12ad\u120d \u2039\u12a0\u12cd\u122b \u12d8\u12cd\u130d\u203a (dominant ethnic group) \u12e8\u120c\u1208\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u121b\u1208\u1275\u121d \u1260\u1264\u1292\u123b\u1295\u1309\u120d \u1309\u1219\u12dd \u12ad\u120d\u120d\u1363 \u1260\u12f0\u1261\u1265 \u1265\u1214\u122d \u1265\u1214\u1228\u1230\u1266\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u12ad\u120d\u120d\u1363 \u1260\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u1200\u1228\u122a \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u120c\u120b \u12a0\u1290\u130b\u1308\u122d \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u1240\u1231\u1275 \u12a0\u122b\u1275 \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u1270\u134e\u12ab\u12ab\u122a \u12d8\u12cd\u130e\u127d (competing ethnic groups) \u12eb\u1209\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1203\u1265\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1349\u12ad\u12ad\u1229 \u1290\u1308\u122e\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u1240\u120b\u1209 \u12c8\u12f0 \u130d\u132d\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u1218\u1229 \u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1313\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f2\u1205 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b\u121d \u12a8\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u122b\u1275 \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
2.1. \u2018\u12a0\u1299\u12cb\u2019 \u12a8\u2018\u1291\u12cc\u122d\u2019<\/span><\/div>\n
\u1260\u12a0\u1201\u1291 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u12eb\u1209\u1275 \u1201\u1209\u121d \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u1209\u1295 \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u1260\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d (\u1260\u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u12a8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u1209 \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1243\u120d \u1260\u1243\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u12f3) \u122b\u1233\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12a0\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u12ad\u120d\u120d\u121d \u12e8\u122b\u1231 \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12a0\u1208\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275\u1295 \u12a8\u120c\u120e\u127d \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u12a8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u1209 \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12e8 \u2039\u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u1218\u1235\u122b\u127d \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275\u203a (titular groups) \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1200\u1233\u1265 \u121b\u12ab\u1270\u1271 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u1265\u1214\u122b\u12ca \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 46 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u1265\u1214\u122b\u12ca \u12ad\u120d\u120b\u12ca \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1218\u1235\u122b\u127d \u1265\u1214\u122d \u1265\u1214\u1228\u1230\u1266\u127d \u12a0\u121d\u1235\u1275 \u1232\u1206\u1291 \u12e8\u12a0\u1299\u12cb \u1265\u1214\u1228\u1230\u1265\u1363 \u12e8\u1291\u12cc\u122d \u1265\u1214\u1228\u1230\u1265\u1363 \u12e8\u1218\u12e0\u1295\u1308\u122d \u1265\u1214\u1228\u1230\u1265\u1363 \u12e8\u12a6\u1356\u1293 \u12ae\u121e \u1265\u1214\u1228\u1230\u1266\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1218\u1235\u122b\u127d \u1265\u1214\u1228\u1230\u1266\u127d\u203a \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12e8\u12a0\u1299\u12cb\u1293 \u12e8\u1291\u12cc\u122d \u1265\u1214\u1228\u1230\u1266\u127d \u1260\u12f5\u121d\u1229 \u12a8\u12d8\u1320\u1293 \u1260\u1218\u1276 \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1206\u1290\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u1241\u1325\u122d \u1232\u12ed\u12d9 \u12a8\u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u1290\u12cb\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u1265\u1214\u1228\u1230\u1266\u127d \u12a8\u1201\u1208\u1275 \u1236\u1235\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u121a\u120d\u1240\u12cd\u1295 \u12ed\u12ed\u12db\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12cb\u1290\u129b \u12a5\u1323 \u134b\u1295\u1273 \u12e8\u121a\u12c8\u1230\u1290\u12cd \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1271 \u2039\u1218\u1235\u122b\u127d \u1265\u1214\u1228\u1230\u1266\u127d\u203a \u1270\u134e\u12ab\u12ab\u122a (competing) \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u1290\u12cd \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u1209\u1295 \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u12eb\u1320\u1291 \u130d\u1208\u1230\u1266\u127d\/\u1270\u124b\u121b\u1275 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b\u1295 \u1230\u120b\u121d \u12ab\u1233\u1327\u1275 \u127d\u130d\u122e\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1\u1293 \u12cb\u1290\u129b\u12cd \u1260\u12cd\u1235\u1321 \u12eb\u1209\u1275 \u12d8\u12cd\u130e\u127d \u12e8\u12d5\u122d\u1235 \u1260\u122d\u1235 \u1349\u12ad\u12ad\u122d\u1293 \u130d\u132d\u1275 (inter-ethnic conflict) \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u130d\u132d\u1275\u121d \u12e8\u1203\u1265\u1275\u1363 \u12e8\u1218\u122c\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u134d\u12ad\u12ad\u122d \u1290\u12cd \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12eb\u1265\u122b\u122b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u130d\u132d\u1276\u1279 \u1218\u1295\u1235\u12a4 \u1260\u12a0\u132d\u1229 \u12ed\u1204 \u1290\u12cd \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a8\u1263\u12f5 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d \u1260\u12cb\u1293\u1290\u1275 \u130d\u1295 \u130d\u132d\u1271\u1293 \u1241\u122d\u123e\u12cd \u1260\u12a0\u1299\u12cb\u1293 \u1291\u12cc\u122d \u12d8\u12cd\u130e\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u1325\u1293\u1275 \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1309 \u1261\u12f5\u1296\u127d \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u1343\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a0\u1299\u12cb \u12d8\u12cd\u130d \u120d\u1212\u1243\u1295 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1260\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12e8\u12a0\u1299\u12cb \u121d\u12f5\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290\u127d \u120c\u120e\u127d \u12d8\u12cd\u130e\u127d \u12a8\u12a0\u1201\u1297 \u12f0\u1261\u1265 \u1231\u12f3\u1295\u1293 \u12a8\u12a0\u130e\u122b\u1263\u127d \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u130a\u12dc\u12eb\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1218\u1321 \u1260\u1218\u130d\u1208\u1345 \u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1203\u1265\u1275\u1293 \u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1208\u1263\u1208\u1273\u122a\u12a9 (historical right) \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1308\u1263 \u1260\u1218\u130d\u1208\u1345 \u12ed\u121f\u1308\u1273\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1270\u1243\u122b\u1292\u12cd \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u12d8\u12cd\u1309 \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275 \u1260\u12f0\u1261\u1265 \u1231\u12f3\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1229\u1275 \u12e8\u1291\u12cc\u122d \u1265\u1214\u1228\u1230\u1265 \u120d\u1202\u1243\u1295 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12e8\u1201\u120b\u127d\u1295\u121d \u1293\u1275 \u12a8\u121a\u120d \u1218\u1290\u123b \u201c\u1218\u1324\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1235\u12eb\u121c \u12a0\u12ed\u1308\u1263\u1295\u121d \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1203\u1233\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12eb\u1240\u122d\u1263\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u1233\u12ed\u1295\u1235 \u121d\u1201\u1229 \u1218\u12f5\u1203\u1294 \u1273\u12f0\u1230 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u121d\u12f6 \u12e8\u12a0\u1299\u12cb -\u1291\u12cc\u122d \u130d\u132d\u1275 \u1260\u1291\u12cc\u122e\u127d \u2039\u1270\u1235\u134b\u134a\u1290\u1275\u203a\u1293 \u1260\u12a0\u1299\u12cb\u12ce\u127d \u12a8\u1218\u122c\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u130b\u122d \u1263\u1208 \u1325\u1265\u1245 \u1241\u122d\u129d\u1275 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1320\u1228 \u12a0\u1208\u1218\u1323\u1323\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u1232\u1308\u120d\u1341 \u2039\u2039Traditionally, the Anuak- Nuer conflict can be explained by the incompatibility (antithesis) of the expansionist nature of the Nuer and the Anuaks\u2019 strong emotional ties with their land\u203a<\/span>\u203a \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u12ed\u1205\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u134e\u12ab\u12ab\u122a \u12d8\u12cd\u130e\u127d \u12cd\u12dd\u130d\u1265 \u1208\u1218\u134d\u1273\u1275 \u1270\u12c8\u1230\u12f0\u12cd \u122d\u121d\u1303 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b\u1295 \u12e8\u1291\u12cc\u122d\u1363 \u12e8\u12a0\u1299\u12cb\u1293 \u12e8\u121b\u1303\u1295\u130d \u12de\u1296\u127d \u1265\u120e \u1260\u12d8\u12cd\u130d \u1218\u1235\u1218\u122d \u1260\u1236\u1235\u1275 \u12de\u1296\u127d \u1218\u12ad\u1348\u120d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214 \u12e8\u1260\u1208\u1321 \u12e8\u12f5\u1295\u1260\u122d \u1325\u12eb\u1244\u12ce\u127d\u1295\u1293 \u12a8\u1218\u134d\u1320\u122d \u1263\u1208\u1348\u1363 \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u1209\u1295 \u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u12eb\u12dd \u12e8\u121a\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u12cd\u1295 \u134d\u12ad\u12ad\u122d \u12e8\u1260\u1208\u1320 \u12a0\u1321\u12de \u12e8\u1263\u1230 \u127d\u130d\u122d \u12a8\u121b\u121d\u1323\u1275 \u1263\u1208\u1348 \u1208\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1215\u1218\u121d \u1218\u12f5\u1203\u1292\u1275 \u120a\u1206\u1293\u1275 \u12a0\u120d\u127b\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
2.2. \u2018\u1218\u1235\u122b\u127e\u1279\u2019 \u12a8\u2019\u1218\u1324\u12ce\u1279<\/span>\u2019<\/div>\n
\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u12f2\u121e\u130d\u122b\u134a \u1260\u12a0\u12ab\u12f3\u121a\u12eb\u12cd \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1325\u1293\u1275 \u1218\u1235\u12ad \u1270\u1246\u1325\u122e \u1218\u1320\u1293\u1275 \u12a8\u1300\u1218\u1228 \u12a8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a0\u1235\u122d\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1265\u12d9\u121d \u12a0\u120b\u1208\u1348\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1233\u12ed\u1295\u1231 \u1260\u12cb\u1293\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1320\u1293\u12cd \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u120d-\u12a2\u12ae\u1296\u121a \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1229 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u1230\u12ce\u127d (\u12c8\u1323\u1276\u127d\u1363 \u123d\u121b\u130d\u120c\u12ce\u127d\u1363 \u1234\u1276\u127d\u1363 \u12c8\u1295\u12f6\u127d\u1363 \u1215\u1343\u1293\u1275\u1363 \u12a0\u12ab\u120d \u1309\u12f3\u1270\u129e\u127d \u12c8\u12d8\u1270)\u1363 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12a5\u121d\u1290\u1276\u127d\u1363 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12d8\u12cd\u130e\u127d \u12c8\u12d8\u1270 \u1260\u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295\u1293 \u1260\u120c\u120e\u127d \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u12ca \u1201\u1294\u1273\u12ce\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u1235\u1208\u121a\u12eb\u1233\u12f5\u1229\u1275 \u1270\u1345\u12d5\u1296 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u1235\u12f0\u1275 (migration) \u12a5\u1293 \u1230\u1348\u122b (resettlement) \u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b\u1295 \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u12f2\u121e\u130d\u122b\u134a \u1260\u12cb\u1293\u1290\u1275 \u1263\u1208\u1349\u1275 \u1230\u120b\u1233 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1240\u12eb\u12ed\u1228\u12cd\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u12e8\u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u129d\u12cb-\u1291\u12cc\u122d \u12e8\u123b\u12a8\u1228 \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u12f0\u1261\u1265 \u1231\u12f3\u1295 \u1228\u12e5\u121d \u130a\u12dc \u12eb\u1235\u1246\u1320\u1228 \u130d\u132d\u1275 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1260\u1270\u1230\u12f0\u12f1 \u12e8\u1291\u12cc\u122d \u12d8\u12cd\u130d \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u1290\u12cd \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1265\u12d9 \u120a\u1243\u12cd\u1295\u1275 \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u1343\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12601980\u12ce\u1279 \u12e8SPLA \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122e\u127d \u12e8\u12eb\u1294\u12cd \u12a2\u1209\u1263\u1261\u122d \u12e8\u12a0\u1201\u1291 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u121d\u12f5\u122d \u1260\u1218\u130d\u1263\u1275 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u130a\u12dc\u12eb\u1275 \u12e8\u12a0\u1299\u12cb \u1265\u1214\u122d \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1308\u12f0\u1209 \u12e8\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u122a\u1356\u122d\u1276\u127d \u12eb\u1233\u12eb\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12e8 SPLA \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122e\u127d \u12c8\u12f0 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12e8\u1218\u130d\u1263\u1275 \u12a0\u120b\u121b\u121d \u12f0\u1261\u1265 \u1231\u12f3\u1295 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1260\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u1290\u1343\u1290\u1275 \u1275\u130d\u120d \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12a8\u12f0\u1261\u1265 \u1231\u12f3\u1295 \u1270\u1230\u12f0\u12cd \u12c8\u12f0 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12e8\u1308\u1261 \u12e8\u1291\u12cc\u122d \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12cd \u12ab\u1208 \u1325\u1243\u1275 \u1208\u1218\u12a8\u120b\u12a8\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u1291\u12cc\u122e\u127d \u12c8\u12f0 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1260\u1265\u12db\u1275 \u1218\u130d\u1263\u1275 \u1260\u1300\u1218\u1229\u1263\u1278\u12cd 1980\u12ce\u1279 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u12f2\u121e\u130d\u122b\u134a \u1218\u1240\u12e8\u122d \u1300\u1218\u1228\u1361\u1361 \u12db\u122c \u12a8\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u1290\u12cb\u122a\u12ce\u127d (\u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1246\u1320\u122b) \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12c8\u12f0 \u1203\u121d\u1233 \u1260\u1218\u1276 \u12e8\u121a\u1206\u1291\u1275 \u1290\u12cb\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1291\u12cc\u122d \u12d8\u12cd\u130d \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u1260\u120c\u120b \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u12a8\u1236\u126c\u1275 \u1215\u1265\u1228\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12e8\u1230\u1348\u122b \u1355\u122e\u130d\u122b\u121d \u1260\u1218\u12ae\u1228\u1305 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1215\u12dd\u1263\u12ca \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u12eb\u12ca \u122a\u1350\u1265\u120a\u12ad (\u12f0\u122d\u130d) \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12e81977\u1271\u1295 \u12f5\u122d\u1245\u1293 \u1228\u1203\u1265 \u1270\u12a8\u1275\u120e 1.5 \u121a\u120a\u12ee\u1295 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12ca\u12eb\u1295\u1295 \u12a8\u12f5\u122d\u1245 \u1270\u130e\u1305 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u121b\u1295\u1233\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u121d\u122d\u1273\u121b \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12ce\u127d \u1208\u121b\u1235\u1348\u122d \u1263\u12c8\u1323\u12cd \u12a5\u1245\u12f5 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12601978 \u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u1300\u121d\u122e \u12a8\u1230\u121c\u1293\u12ca \u12e8\u1203\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u12ad\u134d\u120e\u127d (\u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed\u121d \u12a8\u12c8\u120e\u1293 \u12a8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed) \u12a0\u130b\u121b\u123d \u120b\u12ed \u1260\u12f5\u122d\u1245 \u12a8\u1270\u130e\u12f1 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12ce\u127d \u1355\u122e\u134c\u1230\u122d \u1308\u1265\u1229 \u1273\u1228\u1240 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1209\u1275 \u1260\u12ae\u120e\u1294\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u1283\/\u121b\u122d\u121d\u12eb\u1293 \u12a0\u1276 \u1208\u1308\u1230 \u12a0\u1235\u134b\u12cd \u2039\u1260\u130d\u12f4\u1208\u123d\u1290\u1275\u203a \u1260\u1270\u1218\u1228\u1321 \u1230\u1263\u1275 \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12ce\u127d \u1230\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u121b\u1313\u1313\u12dd\u1293 \u121b\u1235\u1348\u122d \u1270\u1300\u1218\u1228\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1230\u1263\u1275 \u12e8\u1230\u1348\u122b \u1266\u1273\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1\u1293 \u12cb\u1290\u129b\u12cd \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u12601978 \u1265\u127b \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12ab\u120d\u1278\u122b\u120d \u1230\u122d\u126b\u12ed\u126b\u120d \u122a\u1356\u122d\u1275 17,553 \u12a0\u1263\u12c8\u122b\u12ce\u127d\u1293 \u12a5\u121b\u12c8\u122b\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1230\u1348\u1229 \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u12ed\u1204\u121d \u1260\u130d\u1208\u1230\u1265 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u1273\u121b\u129d \u1241\u1325\u122e\u127d \u12a860,000 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 70,000 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u12f0\u122d\u1235 \u1232\u1308\u120d\u1341 \u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f6\u127d \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 150,000 \u12ed\u12f0\u122d\u1233\u120d \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1241\u1325\u1229\u1295 \u12a8\u134d \u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1309\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1241\u1325\u122d \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b\u1295 \u12f2\u121e\u130d\u122b\u134a \u1201\u1290\u129b \u1260\u1206\u1290 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u1240\u12ed\u122e\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u2039\u1218\u1235\u122b\u127e\u127d – \u1218\u1324\u12ce\u127d\/\u12f0\u1308\u129e\u127d\u203a (titulars verses non-titulars) \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u1300\u1218\u1228\u12cd \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u130a\u12dc \u12c8\u12f2\u1205 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u121d\u1295\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u12e8\u1230\u134b\u122a\u12ce\u1279 \u1241\u1325\u122d \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1276\u127d \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u12e8\u1240\u1290\u1230 \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d \u12ed\u1205 \u2039\u1260\u12f0\u1308\u129e\u127d\u203a\u1293 \u2039\u1260\u1218\u1235\u122b\u127e\u127d\u203a \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12eb\u1208 \u130d\u132d\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u1260\u12a0\u1299\u12cb\u1293 \u1260\u121b\u12e3\u1295\u130d \u12de\u1296\u127d \u130e\u120d\u1276 \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u12ed \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u12e81996\u1271\u1295 \u12a5\u120d\u1242\u1275 \u1328\u121d\u122e \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u1260\u1323\u121d \u12e8\u1265\u12d9 \u12dc\u130e\u127d\u1295 \u1215\u12ed\u12c8\u1275 \u12e8\u1240\u1320\u1349 \u130d\u132d\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u1270\u1208\u1293 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12f5\u1228\u1235\u121d \u12e8\u1240\u1320\u1208 \u12c2\u1290\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1263\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f5 \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12ce\u127d\u121d \u1260\u1270\u123f\u121a \u1263\u1208\u1235\u120d\u1323\u1293\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u1263\u1263\u122a\u1290\u1275 \u1233\u12ed\u1240\u122d \u127d\u130d\u122e\u127d\u1293 \u1208\u12d8\u122d \u121b\u1325\u134b\u1275 \u12e8\u1240\u1228\u1261 \u12f5\u122d\u130a\u1276\u127d \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1340\u1219 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u12e8\u1245\u122d\u1265 \u130a\u12dc \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u130d\u132d\u1276\u127d \u121d\u1235\u12ad\u122e\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u12d8\u12cd\u130d\u1295 \u1260\u12cb\u1290\u129b\u1290\u1275 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1308 \u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121d \u1232\u12c8\u1325\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u1235\u122b\u127e\u127d\u1293 \u1260\u1218\u1324\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u120a\u1348\u1320\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u127d\u120d\u1295 \u127d\u130d\u122d \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u1348\u1273\u1293 \u1235\u1295\u12a9\u120d \u1201\u1296 \u12e8\u1270\u12d8\u130b\u1300 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1204\u1295 \u1235\u1295\u12a9\u120d\u1290\u1275 \u12f6\/\u122d \u12a0\u1235\u1293\u1240 \u12ad\u134d\u120c \u2039Federalism and Ethnic Conflict in Ethiopia: A Comparative Study of the Somali and Benishangul-Gumuz Regions> \u1263\u1209\u1275 \u12e8\u12f6\u12ad\u1275\u122c\u1275 \u121b\u121f\u12eb \u1345\u1201\u134b\u1278\u12cd \u120b\u12ed \u2039\u2039The makers of the federal constitution did not foresee how the institutionalisation of ethnic federalism would affect relationships between titular and non-titular communities\u203a\u203a<\/span> \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122c\u123d\u1291 \u12a0\u12c8\u1243\u1240\u122d \u12eb\u1218\u1323\u12cd \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u127d\u130d\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u1343\u1209\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
2.3. \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12a8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263<\/span><\/div>\n
\u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1265\u1214\u122b\u12ca \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12e82008 10\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u1265\u1214\u122d \u1265\u1204\u1228\u1230\u1266\u127d \u1240\u1295 \u1270\u1228\u129b \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u1293\u130b\u1305 \u1270\u1265\u120e \u12a0\u121d\u1293 \u1264\u1292\u123b\u1295\u1309\u120d \u120b\u12ed \u1260\u1270\u12a8\u1260\u1228\u12cd 9\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u1265\u1214\u122d \u1265\u1214\u1228\u1230\u1266\u127d \u1240\u1295 \u120b\u12ed \u1270\u1218\u122d\u1327\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f2\u1205 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1215\u12f3\u122d 29\/2008 10\u129b\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1265\u1214\u122d \u1265\u1214\u1228\u1230\u1266\u127d \u1260\u12d3\u120d \u1273\u12a8\u1265\u122b\u1208\u127d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u1260\u12d3\u120d \u12a8\u1270\u12a8\u1260\u1228 \u12a8\u12a0\u122b\u1275 \u1240\u1295 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u1273\u1205\u1233\u1235 03\/2008 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12e8\u12a0\u1299\u12cb \u12d8\u12cd\u130d \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275 12\u129b\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12a0\u1299\u12cb \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u12cd \u1260\u1290\u1231 \u12a0\u1320\u122b\u122d \u2039\u12e8\u12d8\u122d \u132d\u134d\u1328\u134b\u203a (genocide) \u12a0\u1235\u1260\u12cd \u12ed\u12cd\u120b\u1209\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u1273\u1215\u1233\u1235 03\/1996 \u1208\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12ad\u1349 \u1240\u1295 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u130d\u132d\u1275 \u1240\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u130d\u132d\u1271 \u1260\u12cb\u1293\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u2039\u1218\u1235\u122b\u127d\u203a \u12d8\u12cd\u130e\u127d (\u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed\u121d \u1260\u12a0\u129d\u12cb \u12d8\u12cd\u130d \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275) \u12a5\u1293 \u12a8\u120c\u120b \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12ad\u134d\u120e\u127d \u1218\u1325\u1270\u12cd \u1260\u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12cd \u1260\u1230\u1348\u1229 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u1260\u1270\u1348\u1320\u1228\u12cd \u130d\u132d\u1275 \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u12e8\u12a0\u1299\u12cb \u12d8\u12cd\u130d \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u12f0\u1209\u1260\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u130d\u132d\u1271 \u1218\u1295\u1235\u12a4 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12a0\u12ab\u120b\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1276\u127d \u1262\u1230\u1321\u1275\u121d \u1201\u1209\u121d \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u1218\u1235\u122b\u127d \u12d8\u12cd\u130d \u12a0\u129d\u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u120c\u120b \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u1260\u1218\u1321 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u1270\u1300\u121d\u122e \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u1323\u120d\u1243 \u1260\u1218\u130d\u1263\u1275 \u130d\u12f5\u12eb \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1348\u1340\u1218 \u12ed\u1235\u121b\u121b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12c8\u1245\u1271 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1320\/\u121a \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u1218\u1208\u1235 \u12dc\u1293\u12ca \u1208\u122e\u12ed\u1270\u122d\u1235 \u1260\u1230\u1321\u1275 \u1243\u120d \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u1218\u1276 \u12e8\u121a\u12f0\u122d\u1231 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121e\u1271 \u12e8\u1308\u1208\u1341 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u120b\u12ed \u12a8\u12c8\u1323 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u1260\u12a0\u12cb\u1305 \u1208\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u130a\u12dc \u12e8\u1270\u124b\u124b\u1218\u12cd \u12a0\u1323\u122a \u12ae\u121a\u123d\u1295 \u121b\u1208\u1275\u121d \u1260\u12a0\u12cb\u1305 \u1241\u1325\u122d 398\/1996 \u12e8\u1270\u124b\u124b\u1218\u12cd \u2039\u1273\u1215\u1233\u1235 3 \u1240\u1295 \u1260\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1265\u1214\u122b\u12ca \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1230\u1270\u12cd\u1295 \u130d\u132d\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1323\u122b \u12ae\u121a\u123d\u1295\u203a \u1309\u12f3\u12e9\u1295 \u1260\u122b\u1234 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u12a0\u1323\u122d\u127c \u1200\u121d\u1233 \u12d8\u1320\u129d \u12c8\u1295\u12f6\u127d\u1293 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1234\u1275 \u1265\u127b \u1293\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u12f0\u1209\u1275\u1363 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122e\u127d \u12a8\u1205\u130d \u12a0\u130d\u1263\u1265 \u12cd\u132d \u1260\u1218\u1204\u12f5 \u1309\u12f3\u1275 \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u1230\u12cb\u120d\u203a \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275<\/a> \u12e8\u127d\u130d\u1229\u1295 \u12cb\u1290\u129b \u1270\u12cb\u1293\u12ee\u127d \u1208\u1218\u1290\u12ab\u12ab\u1275 \u1219\u12a8\u122b \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u1313\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1212\u12cd\u121b\u1295 \u122b\u12ed\u1275\u1235 \u12ce\u127d \u1260\u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12cd \u1325\u120d\u1245 \u1325\u1293\u1275 \u1260\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u2039Targeting the Anuak: Human Rights Violations and Crimes Against Humanity in Ethiopia\u2019s Gambella Region<\/a>\u203a \u1260\u121a\u120d \u122d\u12d5\u1235 \u12601997 \u1263\u12c8\u1323\u12cd \u122a\u1356\u122d\u1275 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12e8\u121e\u1271\u1275 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u1265\u12db\u1275 424 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1291 \u1308\u120d\u133f\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u1290\u1343 \u12d3\u1208\u121b\u1240\u134d \u1270\u124b\u121b\u1275\u121d \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u1212\u12cd\u121b\u1295 \u122b\u12ed\u1275\u1235 \u12ce\u127d \u122a\u1356\u122d\u1275 \u130b\u122d \u1270\u1218\u1233\u1233\u12ed \u1241\u1325\u122d \u12eb\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u122a\u1356\u122d\u1276\u127d \u1290\u12cd \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u130a\u12dc \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1240\u122d\u1261\u1275\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f2\u1205 \u1273\u1205\u1233\u1235 03 \u2013 1996 \u12eb\u1208\u1349\u1275\u1295 \u12a0\u1235\u122d \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u12e8\u12c8\u1230\u1290\u127d \u12ad\u1349 \u1240\u1295 \u1290\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12db\u127d \u1240\u1295 \u12c8\u12f2\u1205 \u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b\u1295\u1293 \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u12ed\u1205\u127d\u1295 \u1240\u1295 \u1233\u12ed\u1320\u1245\u1231 \u1218\u1270\u1295\u1270\u1295\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u1218\u1290\u130b\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u12ed\u127b\u120d\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271\u1295\u1293 \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d\u1295 \u12e8\u12a0\u1208\u1243\u1293 \u121d\u1295\u12dd\u122d \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f5\u1293\u12ed \u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1308\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u12e8\u12a0\u1201\u1291 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1260\u1340\u12f0\u1240\u1260\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 1987 \u12d3.\u121d \u12a0\u121c\u122a\u12ab\u12ca\u1277 \u12e8\u123d\u130d\u130d\u122d \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab (transitional politics) \u120a\u1245 \u121b\u122a\u1293 \u12a6\u1273\u12cc \u1260Northeast African Studies \u1306\u122d\u1293\u120d \u120b\u12ed \u2039The Ethiopian Transition: Democratization or New Authoritarianism?\u203a \u1260\u121a\u120d \u122d\u12d5\u1235 \u1263\u1233\u1270\u1219\u1275 \u1345\u1201\u134b\u1278\u12cd \u2039\u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u1293 \u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121d\u1295 \u1208\u1290\u1308\u1229 \u1265\u127b \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12c8\u122b\u12cd\u1363 \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u1295\u1293 \u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121d\u1295 \u12a0\u12eb\u12cd\u1243\u1278\u12cd\u121d\u203a \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1203\u1233\u1265 \u1260\u1218\u1230\u1295\u12d8\u122d \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122c\u123d\u1291\u1295 \u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u1208\u129b\u1290\u1275 \u1270\u1320\u122b\u1325\u1228\u12cd \u1345\u1348\u12cd \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1203\u12eb \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1260\u128b\u120b\u121d \u12ed\u1205 \u12a5\u12cd\u1290\u1275 \u1270\u1240\u12ed\u122f\u120d \u1265\u120e \u12f0\u134d\u122e \u12e8\u121a\u1293\u1308\u122d \u121b\u130d\u129d\u1275 \u12a8\u1263\u12f5 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u2039\u1245\u120d\u1266\u127d\u203a \u12a8\u1218\u1206\u1293\u1278\u12cd\u121d \u1263\u1208\u1348 \u12e8\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u1290\u1343\u1290\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12a0\u1201\u1295\u121d \u12a0\u1320\u12eb\u12eb\u1242 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d\u1293 \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u12e8\u130e\u1295\u12ee\u123d \u12e8\u1270\u1295\u130b\u12f0\u12f0 \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 (vertical asymmetry) \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12e8\u1260\u1208\u1320 \u130e\u120d\u1276 \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u12ed\u1260\u1275 \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12a0\u1208 \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a0\u12ed\u127b\u120d\u121d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u12a8\u12eb\u12d8 \u12a8\u12a0\u1208\u1349\u1275 \u1203\u12eb \u12a0\u121d\u1235\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12c8\u12f2\u1205 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b\u1295 \u12ab\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u1229\u1275 (\u12e8\u123d\u130d\u130d\u1229\u1295 \u130a\u12dc \u1328\u121d\u122e) \u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1275 \u1355\u122c\u12da\u12f0\u1295\u1276\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12e8\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb\u12cd \u12a0\u130d\u12cb \u12a0\u1208\u1219 \u1260\u1203\u121d\u120c 1984 \u12a5\u1264\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122e\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u12f0\u1209 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u12a0\u122b\u1271 (\u1236\u1235\u1271 \u12a6\u12ac\u120e\u12ce\u127d\u1293 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b\u1295 \u1208\u1228\u1305\u121d \u130a\u12dc\u12eb\u1275 \u12eb\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u1229\u1275 \u12a0\u1276 \u12a1\u121e\u1275 \u12a1\u1263\u1295\u130d) \u12a8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12ae\u1265\u120d\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u12c8\u1321 \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u1201\u1209\u121d \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u2039\u12a5\u1295\u1300\u122b \u120d\u1305\u203a \u1260\u121b\u12e8\u1275 \u1260\u1348\u1208\u1308\u12cd \u130a\u12dc \u12e8PDO (Peoples Democratic Organizations) \u1355\u122e\u1300\u12ad\u1271\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1348\u1345\u121d\u1260\u1275\u1363 \u12e8\u1348\u1208\u1308\u12cd\u1295 \u1353\u122d\u1272\/\u130d\u1208\u1230\u1265\/\u12d8\u12cd\u130d \u12e8\u121a\u1290\u1245\u120d – \u12e8\u121a\u1270\u12ad\u120d\u1260\u1275 \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1290\u12cd \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275\u1363 \u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u12e8\u1235\u1243\u12ed\u1293 \u12e8\u1218\u12a8\u122b \u121d\u1233\u120c \u1290\u12cd \u12a5\u12eb\u1209 \u1260\u1270\u12f0\u130b\u130b\u121a \u1203\u1233\u1260\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u130a\u12dc\u12eb\u1275 \u1308\u120d\u1340\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1240\u12f5\u121e\u12ce\u1279 \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u1355\u122c\u12da\u12f0\u1295\u1276\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u1201\u1208\u1271 (\u12a6\u12ac\u120e \u129d\u130c\u120e\u1293 \u12a6\u12ac\u120e \u12a0\u12b3\u12ed) \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1295 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1208\u1203\u12ed\u120d \u1208\u121b\u1235\u12c8\u1308\u12f5 \u12a8\u121a\u1230\u1229 \u1203\u12ed\u120e\u127d \u130b\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1230\u1229 \u12a0\u12f0\u1263\u1263\u12ed \u121a\u1235\u1325\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1273\u12f2\u12eb \u12eb\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u1229\u1275 \u1201\u1209 \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u12f0\u1209\u1260\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u1270\u1230\u12f0\u12f1\u1260\u1275 \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12a8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12cd\u132d \u121b\u1295 \u12a0\u1208?<\/div>\n
2.4.<\/span> \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12a8India<\/span><\/div>\n
\u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12a0\u1246\u1323\u1320\u122d 2003 \u12d3\u1218\u1271\u1295 \u1219\u1209 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12e8\u12eb\u1294\u12cd \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u130d\u1265\u122d\u1293 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1308\u1320\u122d \u120d\u121b\u1275 \u121a\u1292\u1235\u1275\u122d \u12a0\u1276 \u1270\u1348\u122b \u12f0\u122d\u1260\u12cd \u2039\u1262\u12da\u203a \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228 \u121a\u1292\u1235\u1275\u122d \u12a0\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1228\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1276 \u1270\u1348\u122b \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u1218\u12f0\u12cd\u1295 \u1263\u1208 20 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 \u12e8\u1218\u122c\u1275 \u12aa\u122b\u12ed \u12cd\u120d \u1235\u121d\u121d\u1290\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12d3\u1208\u121b\u1275 (\u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed\u121d \u12a8\u1215\u1295\u12f5) \u12a8\u1218\u1321 \u1263\u1208\u1203\u1265\u1276\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u12a8\u1200\u1308\u122d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1263\u1208\u1203\u1265\u1276\u127d \u130b\u122d \u1232\u1348\u122b\u1228\u1219 (\u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c \u12eb\u12ad\u120d \u12a5\u12da\u1205<\/a>\u1293 \u12a5\u12da\u1205<\/a> \u12ed\u1218\u120d\u12a8\u1271) \u1290\u12cd \u12d3\u1218\u1271\u1295 \u12eb\u1233\u1208\u1349\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1218\u122c\u1271 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1260\u12cb\u1290\u129b\u1290\u1275 \u130d\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u129d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1265\u1214\u122b\u12ca \u12ad\u120d\u120b\u12ca \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1260\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 40\/6 \u120b\u12ed \u2039\u2039\u12e8\u1218\u122c\u1275 \u1263\u1208\u1264\u1275\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1218\u1206\u1291 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1270\u1320\u1260\u1240 \u1201\u1296 \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1208\u130d\u120d \u1263\u1208\u1200\u1265\u1276\u127d \u1260\u1215\u130d \u1260\u121a\u12c8\u1235\u1290\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u12eb \u1260\u1218\u122c\u1275 \u12e8\u1218\u1320\u1240\u121d \u1218\u1265\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u1265\u122d\u120b\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u2026\u203a\u203a \u1270\u1265\u120e \u1260\u1270\u12f0\u1290\u1308\u1308\u12cd \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12a8\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u1218\u122c\u1275 42 \u1260\u1218\u1276\u12cd\u1295<\/a> (\u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12602011 \u1208\u1202\u12cd\u121b\u1295 \u122b\u12ed\u1275\u1235 \u12ce\u127d \u1260\u1343\u1348\u12cd \u12f0\u1265\u12f3\u1264 \u12a8\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u1218\u122c\u1275 36 \u1260\u1218\u1276\u12cd\u1295<\/a> \u1265\u127b \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u1262\u1308\u120d\u1345\u121d) \u2039\u1208\u130d\u120d \u1263\u1208\u1200\u1265\u1276\u127d \u12eb\u12d8\u130b\u1300\u12cd\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u203a \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1208\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u2039\u12ed\u1204\u1295 \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u12a5\u1294\u1295 \u1201\u1290\u1205 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f5\u122d-\u12a0\u12a8\u122b\u12ed\u120d\u129d\u203a \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12602001 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u12e8\u1230\u1320\u12cd \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1364 \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271\u121d \u1260\u12a0\u1276 \u1270\u1348\u122b \u12f0\u122d\u1260\u12cd \u12a0\u121b\u12ab\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u1218\u12f0\u12cd\u1295 \u1263\u1208 \u1203\u12eb \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 \u12cd\u120d (\u12a82058 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 2061 \u1208\u121a\u12f0\u122d\u1231 50 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275) \u12a5\u12e8\u1348\u1228\u1218 (\u12ed\u1205 \u1345\u1201\u134d \u12a5\u1235\u12a8\u1270\u12d8\u130b\u1300\u1260\u1275 \u1215\u12f3\u122d 2008 \u12f5\u1228\u1235) \u1208\u12d8\u1320\u129d \u12e8\u12cd\u132d\u1293 \u1208\u1236\u1235\u1275 \u1218\u1276 \u1230\u121b\u1292\u12eb \u1201\u1208\u1275\/\u1230\u121b\u1292\u12eb \u12d8\u1320\u129d \u12e8\u130d\u120d \u1263\u1208\u1203\u1265\u1276\u127d \u1230\u1325\u1277\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12a9\u1263\u1295\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 Karituri (\u12ab\u122a\u1271\u122a \u1260\u1245\u122d\u1261 \u1208\u123d\u12eb\u132d \u1328\u1228\u1273 \u1240\u122d\u1267\u120d), Ruchi Soya Saniti Agro Farm Enterprise <\/a>(SAFE), BHO Agro Plc. Verdanta Harvest Plc \u12e8\u1218\u1233\u1230\u1209\u1275 \u12e8\u1215\u1295\u12f5 \u12a9\u1263\u1295\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u12a0\u1295\u1260\u1233\u12cd\u1295 \u12f5\u122d\u123b \u12ed\u12ed\u12db\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f2\u1205 \u12ed\u1205 \u1290\u12cd \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b\u1293 \u2039\u12e8\u1218\u122c\u1275 \u1245\u122d\u121d\u1275\u203a (land grab) \u12d3\u1208\u121b\u1240\u134d \u1329\u12b8\u1275 \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120d \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u130b\u1275\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u12a8\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u130d\u121b\u123d \u12e8\u121a\u1206\u1290\u12cd (\u1260\u120c\u120b \u12a0\u1290\u130b\u1308\u122d \u12e8\u1264\u120d\u1305\u12e8\u121d\u1295 \u130d\u121b\u123d \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1205\u120d \u1218\u122c\u1275) \u1208\u130d\u120d \u1263\u1208\u1203\u1265\u1275 \u120a\u1230\u1325 \u1270\u12d8\u130b\u1305\u1277\u120d\u1363 \u1260\u120c\u120b \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12c8\u12f0 45,000 \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1309 \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u1290\u12cb\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u1230\u1348\u122b (villagization) \u1235\u121d \u12a8\u1240\u12eb\u1278\u12cd \u1270\u1290\u1245\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1230\u1348\u122b\u12cd \u12cb\u1290\u129b \u12d3\u120b\u121b\u121d \u2039\u12ad\u120d\u1209\u1295 \u1208\u130d\u120d \u1263\u1208\u1203\u1265\u1276\u127d \u1260\u1235\u1326\u1273\u1290\u1275 \u1208\u121b\u12cb\u120d \u1290\u12cd\u203a \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12d3\u1208\u121b\u1240\u134d \u1270\u124b\u121b\u1275 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1295 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12a5\u12e8\u12c8\u1290\u1300\u1209 \u12ed\u1308\u129b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1260\u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a \u12e8\u130d\u120d \u1263\u1208\u1203\u1265\u1276\u1279 \u12f0\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u12cd\u12f0\u121d \u12e8\u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12cd\u1295 \u1235\u1290-\u121d\u1205\u12f3\u122d \u12a5\u12eb\u12db\u1261\u1275 \u1290\u12cd \u1260\u121a\u120d \u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a \u12cd\u1295\u1300\u120b\u12ce\u127d \u12ed\u1240\u122d\u1265\u1263\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1263\u1208\u1203\u1265\u1276\u1279 \u2039\u12e8Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) \u1218\u122d\u1206\u127b\u127d\u1295 \u1270\u130d\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u12a5\u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u130d\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u203a \u1262\u1209\u121d\u1363 \u1348\u1243\u12f5 \u1230\u132d\u12cd \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12a0\u12ab\u120d\u121d \u2039Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u130c \u1290\u12cd \u1348\u1243\u12f5 \u12e8\u121d\u1230\u1320\u12cd\u203a \u1262\u120d\u121d\u1363 \u12a8\u1245\u122d\u1265 \u130a\u12dc \u12c8\u12f2\u1205 \u12e8\u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12cd \u121b\u1205\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1265 \u2039\u12ed\u1205 \u12a0\u12cd\u12f3\u121a \u120d\u121b\u1275 (unwanted development) \u1290\u12cd\u203a \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1260\u1263\u1208\u1203\u1265\u1276\u1279 \u1295\u1265\u1228\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u1325\u1243\u1275 \u12a5\u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1230 \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275\u121d \u1208\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u1218\u122c\u1275 \u1245\u121a\u12eb \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1246\u121d \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u121b\u1245\u1228\u1265 \u1300\u121d\u122f\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u130d\u1295 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u2039\u12e8\u1265\u1214\u122d\u1363 \u1265\u1204\u1228\u1230\u1266\u127d\u1293 \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u1240\u1295\u1295\u203a \u12a5\u1295\u12f5\u1273\u12a8\u1265\u122d \u12a8\u1218\u121d\u1228\u1325 \u1263\u1208\u1348 \u1208\u1325\u12eb\u1244\u12ce\u1279 \u121d\u120b\u123d \u12a5\u12e8\u1230\u1320 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f2\u1205 \u1260\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u1235\u1328\u1293\u1242 \u1201\u1294\u1273\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12a5\u12e8\u1246\u12d8\u1218 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1201\u1209 \u127d\u130d\u122e\u127d \u12cd\u1324\u1275 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12ad\u120d\u1209\u1295 \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u128b\u120b \u1240\u122d \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u12cd \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u1203\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12eb\u1209 \u12f3\u1273\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u12eb\u1218\u120b\u12ad\u1271\u1275\u121d \u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1260\u12cd\u120d\u12f0\u1275 \u1218\u1320\u1295 (fertility rate) \u12a8\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b\u12cd\u1295 \u1241\u1325\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u12eb\u12d8 \u1232\u1308\u120d\u1345 \u12a8\u121a\u12c8\u1208\u12f1\u1275 \u1215\u1343\u1293\u1275 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d\u121d \u1265\u12d9\u12ce\u1279 \u12e8\u121a\u121e\u1271\u1260\u1275 (infant mortality rate) \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a4\u127d\u12a0\u12ed\u126a\/\u12a4\u12f5\u1235 \u1270\u1320\u1242\u1290\u1275\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u1243 \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12e8\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1245\u122d\u1265 \u130a\u12dc \u1218\u1228\u1303\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u12eb\u1233\u12e9\u1275 \u12a8\u1218\u1276 \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u1290\u12cb\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1271 \u1260\u12a4\u127d\u12a0\u12ed\u126a \u1270\u1320\u1242 \u1293\u1278\u12cd \u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a5\u1293\u1276\u127d \u121e\u1275\u1363 \u1260\u1218\u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1295 \u1241\u1325\u122d\u1363 \u1260\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1270 \u120d\u121b\u1275 \u12c8\u12d8\u1270 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12a8\u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u132d\u122b \u120b\u12ed \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121d\u1293\u1308\u129d\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214\u12cd\u1235? \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12a0\u12ab\u120b\u1275 \u1208\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275\u1363 \u1208\u1208\u130b\u123d \u1203\u1308\u122b\u1275\u1363 \u1260\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u1208\u121a\u1308\u1299 \u120d\u1212\u1243\u1295\u1363 \u1208\u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab \u1215\u1265\u1228\u1275 \u12e8\u1218\u1233\u1230\u1209\u1275 \u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b\u1295 \u12d8\u122d\u1348 \u1265\u12d9 \u127d\u130d\u122d \u1208\u1218\u134d\u1273\u1275 \u12ed\u1206\u1293\u1209 \u12eb\u120f\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u1203\u1233\u1266\u127d \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f6\u127d \u12eb\u1240\u122d\u1263\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f6\u127d \u1320\u134d\u1228\u12cd \u12a8\u12eb\u12df\u1275 \u127d\u130d\u122e\u127d \u1208\u121b\u120b\u1240\u1245 \u12ed\u1205 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u120d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214 \u121b\u1245\u1228\u1265 \u12a8\u1263\u12f5 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
3.<\/span> \u2039\u12a1\u121e\u1275\u1295 \u12a0\u1235\u122b\u127d\u1201 – \u12a1\u121e\u1275\u1295 \u134d\u1271\u120d\u1295\u203a<\/span><\/div>\n
\u1260\u1348\u1228\u1295\u1306\u1279 2005 \u1296\u122d\u12cc\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u129d\u12cd \u12e8\u1296\u1264\u120d \u12ae\u121a\u1274 \u2039\u1208\u1296\u1264\u120d \u12e8\u1230\u120b\u121d \u123d\u120d\u121b\u1275\u203a \u12a5\u1329 \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u130e \u12ab\u1240\u1228\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u130d\u1208\u1230\u1266\u127d\/\u1261\u12f5\u1296\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12e8\u12a0\u121c\u122a\u12ab\u12cd Public International Law and Policy Group<\/a> (PILPG) \u12ed\u1308\u129d\u1260\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1261\u12f5\u1291 \u1208\u12a5\u1329\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u1260\u1243\u12cd \u1260\u1215\u130d \u1228\u1308\u12f5 \u1208\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u1230\u120b\u121d \u120b\u1260\u1228\u12a8\u1270\u12cd \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12cb\u1345\u12a6 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1261\u12f5\u1291 \u12602005 \u12a8\u1230\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u1235\u122b\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d\u121d \u1260\u12f2\u1234\u121d\u1260\u122d 2003 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1260\u12a0\u129d\u12cb \u12d8\u12cd\u130d \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1208\u12f0\u1228\u1230\u12cd \u1260\u1230\u1265\u12d3\u12ca\u1290\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u1208\u1270\u1348\u1340\u1218 \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d (Crimes Against Humanity) \u1260\u1204\u130d \u1208\u121a\u1308\u129d\u12cd \u12d3\u1208\u121b\u1240\u1349 \u12e8\u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u127d\u120e\u1275 (International Criminal Court) \u12eb\u1240\u1228\u1260\u12cd \u12a0\u1264\u1271\u1273 \u12ed\u1308\u129d\u1260\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1263\u1208 26 \u1308\u1341 \u12a0\u1264\u1271\u1273<\/a> \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12e8\u1348\u1340\u121b\u1278\u12cd \u12d3\u1208\u121b\u1240\u134d \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120e\u127d \u1260\u127d\u120e\u1271 \u1270\u1323\u122d\u1270\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12a0\u12ab\u120b\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1320\u12e8\u1241 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1233\u1235\u1265 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1264\u1271\u1273\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u130b\u122b \u1260\u1301\u1295 13, 2005 \u1348\u122d\u1218\u12cd \u1260\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u12e8\u134d\u122d\u12f5 \u1264\u1271 \u12cb\u1293 \u12d3\u1243\u1264 \u1215\u130d \u1208\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u1208\u12dd\u1290\u129b\u12cd \u12a0\u122d\u1300\u1295\u1272\u1293\u12ca \u1209\u12ca\u1235 \u121e\u122a\u1295\u1206 \u12a6\u12ab\u121d\u1356 \u12eb\u1235\u1308\u1261\u1275 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12e8Anuak Justice Council<\/a> \u1203\u120b\u134a \u12a0\u1276 \u12a6\u1263\u1295\u130d \u121c\u1276 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u12ed\u1205 \u12a8\u1206\u1290 \u12a0\u1235\u122d \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1308\u12f0\u121b \u12a5\u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1364 \u12e82003\u1271 \u1201\u12a8\u1275\u1293 \u130d\u12f5\u12eb \u1232\u1348\u1340\u121d \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u1355\u122c\u12dd\u12f0\u1295\u1275 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275\u1293 \u130d\u12f5\u12eb\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u1243\u12c8\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u12c8\u1241\u1275 \u1296\u122d\u12cc\u1305\u12eb\u1291 \u12a0\u1276 \u12a6\u12ac\u120e \u12a0\u12b3\u12ed \u12db\u122c \u1260\u123d\u1265\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u1270\u1320\u122d\u1325\u1228\u12cd \u1260\u12a5\u1235\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u12ed\u1308\u129b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u130d\u12f5\u12eb\u12cd\u1295 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u1263\u1265\u1228\u12cb\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1209\u1275\u1293 \u1260\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u12e8\u1340\u1325\u1273 \u12d8\u122d\u134d \u1203\u120b\u134a \u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u12a0\u1276 \u12a1\u121e\u1275 \u12a1\u1263\u1295\u130d \u12a8\u1203\u1308\u122d \u12ae\u1265\u120d\u1208\u12cd \u121b\u1292\u120b\u1363 \u134a\u120a\u1352\u1295\u1235 \u12a8\u1275\u1218\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1264\u1271\u1273\u12cd\u1295 \u1208\u134d\u122d\u12f5 \u1264\u1271 \u12eb\u1240\u1228\u1261\u1275 \u12a0\u1276 \u12a6\u1263\u1295\u130d \u121c\u1276 \u1260\u120c\u1209\u1260\u1275 \u1260\u123d\u1265\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12ad\u1235 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u134d\u122d\u12f5 \u1264\u1275 15 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1270\u1348\u122d\u12f6\u1263\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a0\u129d\u12cb\u1295 \u1218\u130e\u12f3\u1275 \u1208\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u121b\u1205\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1265 \u1232\u12eb\u1233\u12cd\u1241 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u1353\u1235\u1270\u122d \u12a6\u121e\u1275 \u12a0\u130d\u12cb\u121d \u1260\u123d\u1265\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12ad\u1235 \u1270\u1320\u122d\u1325\u1228\u12cd \u1260\u12a5\u1235\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u12ed\u1308\u129b\u1209\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u1208\u130d\u12f5\u12eb\u12cd\u1293 \u1208\u1201\u12a8\u1271 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u12e8\u1240 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u121d \u12a0\u12ab\u120d \u12e8\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u129d\u12cb \u120d\u1202\u1243\u1295 \u2039\u12a6\u121e\u1275 \u12a6\u1263\u1295\u130d\u1295 \u12a0\u1235\u122b\u127d\u1201 – \u12a6\u121e\u1275 \u12a0\u130d\u12cb\u1295 \u134d\u1271\u120d\u1295\u203a \u12a5\u12eb\u1209 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1299\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1290\u12cd \u2039\u1260\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u1230\u120b\u121d\u1295 \u121b\u121d\u1323\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u1348\u1208\u1308 \u12e8\u134d\u1275\u1205 \u1218\u1235\u1348\u1295 \u1240\u12f3\u121a \u1290\u12cd\u203a \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1203\u1233\u1265\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u1290\u12dd\u1229\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1290\u12cd \u2039\u1260\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u130d\u134d \u12e8\u1348\u1340\u1219 \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d\u1293 \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1263\u1208\u1235\u120d\u1323\u1293\u1275 \u1233\u12ed\u1320\u12e8\u1241 \u1295\u1341\u1203\u1295\u1295 \u1260\u130d\u134d \u1260\u123d\u1265\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u12e8\u12a8\u1230\u1230\u1231 \u121b\u1230\u122d \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u1209\u1295 \u127d\u130d\u122d \u1262\u12eb\u1263\u1265\u1230\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u1305 \u120a\u12eb\u123b\u123d\u1208\u12cd \u12a0\u12ed\u127d\u120d\u121d\u203a \u12a5\u12eb\u1209 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1299\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u134d\u1275\u1205 \u1290\u12cd \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1204\u12cd?<\/div>\n
4.<\/span> \u120a\u1265\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121d?<\/span><\/div>\n
\u1260\u1273\u1215\u1233\u1235 2007 \u12a0\u1235\u122b \u12a0\u1295\u12f0\u129b\u12cd \u1260\u1260\u12d3\u1209 \u12a0\u12ad\u1263\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u1320\u122b\u122d \u2039\u12e8\u12a0\u1299\u12cb \u132d\u134d\u1328\u134b\u203a \u1218\u1273\u1230\u1262\u12eb \u1260\u121a\u12a8\u1260\u122d\u1260\u1275 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12e8\u12f0\u1261\u1265 \u1231\u12f3\u1295 \u12f5\u1228\u1308\u1346\u127d \u1260\u12a0\u1299\u12cb\u1293 – \u1291\u12cc\u122d \u120d\u1202\u1243\u1295 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u121e\u1245 \u12eb\u1208 \u12ad\u122d\u12ad\u122d\u1293 \u12cd\u12ed\u12ed\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12ad\u122d\u12ad\u1229\u1293 \u12cd\u12ed\u12ed\u1271 \u1218\u1290\u123b \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1291\u12cc\u1229 \u12f6\/\u122d Chuol Kompuok \u2039Dancing with a wolf: A Reflection on Gambella Politics<\/a>\u203a \u1260\u121a\u120d \u122d\u12d5\u1235 \u12e8\u1343\u1349\u1275 \u1345\u1201\u134d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12f6\u12ad\u1270\u1229 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1230\u120b\u121d \u1275\u1206\u1295 \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u12e8\u12a0\u1299\u12cb\u1293 \u1291\u12cc\u122d \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u1230\u120b\u121b\u12ca \u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1208\u1260\u1275 \u1308\u120d\u1340\u12cd \u1260\u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214\u1290\u1275 \u12eb\u1235\u1240\u1218\u1321\u1275 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed\u121d \u12a5\u12eb\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f1\u1295 \u130d\u1208\u1230\u1265 \u12a8\u1261\u12f5\u1291 \u1290\u1325\u1208\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u130d\u1208\u1230\u1265 \u1260\u121b\u12e8\u1275 \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u120d\u1293 \u1232\u126a\u120d \u1218\u1265\u1271\u1295 \u121b\u12ad\u1260\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u120a\u1265\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121d\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1323\u1245\u1235 \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12f6\u12ad\u1270\u1229 \u1260\u12e8\u12cb\u1205\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u12ad\u1208\u12cd\u121d \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1260\u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1208\u12da\u1205 \u1260\u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1230\u122b \u1260\u1218\u121d\u12a8\u122d \u1228\u1305\u1219\u1295 \u1345\u1201\u134b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12eb\u1320\u1293\u1245\u1243\u1209\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u1260\u1270\u12a8\u1273\u12ee\u1279 \u1240\u1293\u1275 \u130d\u1295 \u12f6\u12ad\u1270\u1229 \u120b\u1240\u1228\u1261\u1275 \u1203\u1233\u1265 \u12a8\u12a0\u1299\u12cb \u120d\u1202\u1243\u1295 \u1320\u1295\u12ab\u122b\u1293 \u1270\u1243\u122b\u1292 \u1206\u1291 \u121d\u120b\u123e\u127d\u1295 \u1290\u1260\u122d \u12eb\u1235\u1270\u1293\u1308\u12f1\u1275\u1361\u1361 (\u12a8\u1218\u120d\u1236\u1279 \u1260\u1325\u1242\u1271 \u12a5\u12da\u1205<\/a>\u1363 \u12a5\u12da\u1205<\/a> \u12a5\u1293 \u12a5\u12da\u1205<\/a> \u120b\u12ed \u121b\u12e8\u1275 \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u1209)\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a0\u1299\u12cb \u120d\u1212\u1243\u1295 \u12eb\u1240\u1228\u1261\u1275 \u1203\u1233\u1265 \u2039\u1260\u12a0\u1299\u12cb \u1265\u1202\u120d \u130d\u1208\u1230\u1261 \u12a8\u121b\u1205\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1261 \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u1320\u1260\u1240 \u130d\u1295\u1291\u1290\u1275 (communal attachment) \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291 \u12a8\u121b\u1205\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1261 \u1290\u1325\u1208\u1295 \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214 \u1265\u1293\u1240\u122d\u1265 \u12a0\u1299\u12cb\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u130e\u12f3\u12cb\u1208\u1295\u203a \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u12cd\u121d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u1218\u120b\u123d \u1260\u1265\u1235\u132d\u1275 \u12e8\u12a0\u1299\u12cb\u1295 \u1218\u1309\u12f3\u1275 \u1208\u12f6\u12ad\u1270\u1229 \u1232\u12eb\u1235\u1228\u12f1\u1361 \u2039\u2039For the time being it seems worst for Anwaa and excellent for Nuers, but it will come for Nuers the next day. Then no body survives at the end\u203a\u203a<\/span> \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u12f6\/\u122d Chuol Kompuok \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1273\u12ca \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u120a\u1265\u122b\u120d \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u121d\u1205\u122e \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214 \u1232\u12eb\u1240\u122d\u1261 \u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12e8\u1290\u12cd \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u12d8\u12cd\u130d \u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12eb\u1209 \u2039\u12a0\u12cd\u122b \u12d8\u12cd\u130d\u203a \u12e8\u120c\u1208\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214 \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u1230\u1325 \u1218\u1206\u1291\u1295 \u1270\u1228\u12f5\u1270\u12cd \u12ed\u1218\u1235\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1273\u12f2\u12eb \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1271 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u122d\u1246 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12cb\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u130e\u12f0\u1208\u12cd (myopic) \u1260\u1206\u1290\u1260\u1275 \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u12f6\u12ad\u1270\u1229 \u1270\u1233\u1235\u1270\u12cb\u120d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u127d\u120d \u12ed\u1206\u1295?<\/div>\n
5.<\/span> \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232! \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232! \u12a0\u1201\u1295\u121d \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232!<\/span><\/div>\n
\u2039\u2039\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121d \u12e8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u1290\u1275 \u1203\u12ed\u120e\u127d (unionists) \u12a5\u1293 \u1270\u1308\u1295\u1323\u12ed \u1203\u12ed\u120e\u127d (secessionists) \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1296\u1229 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u130d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u203a\u203a \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121d \u1275\u122d\u1309\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u129b \u12a0\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u1200\u1308\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u1260\u1218\u122d\u1205 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u1208\u1218\u1323\u12cd \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1270\u1235\u121b\u121a \u1275\u122d\u1309\u121d \u12ed\u1218\u1235\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u1232\u1263\u120d \u130d\u1295 \u12a5\u12cd\u1290\u1270\u129b\u12cd\u1295 \u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121d\u1295 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1308 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u2039\u12e9\u130e\u12dd\u120b\u126a\u12eb\u1295 \u12eb\u1348\u1228\u1233\u1275 \u12a0\u1203\u12f3\u12ca \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u12ed\u1235\u1219\u120b \u134c\u12f0\u122c\u123d\u1295 (pseudo-federation) \u1290\u12cd\u203a \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u12f5\u121d\u1345 \u1260\u1270\u12f0\u130b\u130b\u121a \u12a8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u1203\u12ed\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u121b\u12cd\u121d \u12e8\u12ed\u1235\u1219\u120b \u134c\u12f0\u122c\u123d\u1295 \u1218\u12d8\u12d9 \u1265\u12d9 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u1208\u121b\u1235\u1228\u12f3\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u1235\u1271\u1293 \u1236\u1235\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u121c\u122a\u12ab \u1355\u122c\u12dd\u12f0\u1295\u1275 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u1300\u121d\u1235 \u121b\u12f2\u1230\u1295 \u1235\u1208 \u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u1232\u1308\u120d\u1341<\/a> \u2039\u2039The Federal and State governments are in fact but different agents and trustees of the people, constituted with different powers, and designed for different purposes\u203a\u203a<\/span> \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u120c\u120b \u12a0\u1290\u130b\u1308\u122d \u12e8\u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u1209\u1293 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1273\u1275 \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u2039\u12e8\u12a0\u1208\u1243\u1293 – \u121d\u1295\u12dd\u122d\u203a \u12e8\u121a\u1206\u1295 \u12a8\u1206\u1290 \u134c\u12f0\u122c\u123d\u1291 \u134c\u12f0\u122c\u123d\u1295 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u1208\u129b \u134c\u12f0\u122c\u123d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12d8\u1228\u130b\u1293 \u12e8\u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120d\u1293 \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1273\u1275 \u12e8\u130e\u1295\u12ee\u123d \u12a5\u12a9\u120d\u1290\u1275 (horizontal equality) \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1218\u1230\u122d\u1271 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u12eb\u12ca \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u12e8\u130d\u12f5 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12eb\u1208 \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232 \u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u1208\u129b \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u120a\u1296\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121b\u12ed\u127d\u120d Brian Galligan \u2018Comparative Federalism\u2019 \u1263\u1209\u1275 \u1345\u1201\u134b\u1278\u12cd \u1232\u12eb\u1235\u1228\u12f1\u1361<\/div>\n

Can there be genuine federalism without democracy? The answer is negative if we are talking about modern or republican form of federalism. Moreover, it is hard to envisage alternative non-democratic bases to federalism that would be sufficient to anchor both spheres of government. If this is the case, successful federalism requires robust democracy in which citizens share membership of two political communities and participate politically in both.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1232\u1320\u1243\u1208\u120d\u121d \u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121d \u12eb\u1208\u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u12eb\u12ca \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u12e8\u12ed\u1235\u1219\u120b \u12a8\u1218\u1206\u1295 \u1263\u1208\u1348 \u12e8\u121a\u1348\u1273\u12cd \u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u127d \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u12ed\u1296\u122d\u121d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b\u1295 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed\u121d \u1235\u1295\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1275 \u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129e\u1279 \u127d\u130d\u122e\u127d \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u1260\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u120a\u132d\u1290\u12cd \u12a8\u1348\u1208\u1308\u12cd \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u1209\u1295 \u1290\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u12eb\u120b\u1308\u1293\u12d8\u1260 \u12e8\u12d8\u12cd\u130d \u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121d \u1270\u1290\u1235\u1270\u12cd\u1364 \u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u1208\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u130a\u12dc\u12eb\u1275 \u12e8\u122b\u1231\u1295 \u1353\u122d\u1272\u1293 \u12e8\u122b\u1231\u1295 \u130d\u1208\u1230\u1266\u127d \u1232\u123e\u121d – \u1232\u123d\u122d \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u1260\u1275 \u1202\u12f0\u1275 \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12eb\u12d9 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u120d\u1212\u1243\u1295\u121d \u2039\u2039\u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1348\u1208\u1308 \u12a2-\u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u12eb\u12ca \u1260\u1206\u1290 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u1323\u120d\u1243 \u12a5\u12e8\u1308\u1263 \u1235\u1208\u121a\u12eb\u12cd\u12ad \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12a0\u1260\u1233 \u12e8\u1260\u12db\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ad\u120d\u1209\u1295 \u1260\u12d8\u12cd\u130d \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12a8\u1236\u1235\u1275 \u12a8\u134d\u120e\u1363 \u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b\u1295 \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u1208\u12cd\u132d \u1263\u1208\u1203\u1265\u1276\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1348\u1208\u1308 \u12a5\u12eb\u12a8\u122b\u12e8\u1363 \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u1356\u120a\u1235\u1293 \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122e\u127d \u1260\u1348\u1208\u1309\u1275 \u130a\u12dc \u12a5\u12e8\u1308\u1261\u1293 \u12e8\u1348\u1208\u1309\u1275\u1295 \u12a5\u12e8\u1348\u1340\u1219\u1363 \u12e8\u1348\u1208\u1308\u12cd\u1295 \u1230\u12cd\u1293 \u1353\u122d\u1272 \u1208\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u12a8\u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120d \u12a5\u12e8\u123e\u1218 \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1230\u120b\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f5\u1275\u1206\u1295\u1293 \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1218\u1323 \u1218\u1218\u129d\u1275 \u12f5\u12ab\u121d \u1290\u12cd\u203a \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e8 \u130a\u12dc \u1203\u1233\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12eb\u1240\u122d\u1263\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u12cd\u121d \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121d \u120a\u12eb\u1323\u1325\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1263\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u1290\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1295\u1323\u12ed \u1203\u12ed\u120e\u127d\u1295 \u134d\u120b\u130e\u1275 \u12a8\u1218\u1218\u1208\u1235 \u12ed\u120d\u1245 \u12a0\u12f3\u12f2\u1235 \u1270\u1308\u1295\u1323\u12ed \u1203\u12ed\u120e\u127d (secessionist movements) \u1260\u121b\u134d\u122b\u1275 \u12db\u122c \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b\u1295 \u12a8\u134c\u12f0\u122c\u123d\u1291 \u1218\u1308\u1295\u1320\u120d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12d3\u120b\u121b \u1260\u1355\u122e\u130d\u122b\u121b\u1278\u12cd \u12ed\u12d8\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u1290\u1231 \u1203\u12ed\u120e\u127d\u1295 \u121b\u12e8\u1275 \u1300\u121d\u1228\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1320\u1240\u1235\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u12f6\/\u122d \u12a0\u1235\u1293\u1240 \u12ad\u134d\u120c \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u134c\u12f0\u122c\u123d\u1295 \u2039\u2039\u2026 has neither granted political autonomy nor ended secessionist wars\u203a\u203a \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1271\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u1279\u1260\u1275 \u12a0\u1308\u120b\u1208\u1345 \u1263\u1208\u1348\u1364 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u134c\u12f0\u122c\u123d\u1295 \u12a0\u12f3\u12f2\u1235 \u1270\u1308\u1295\u1323\u12ed \u1203\u12ed\u120e\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u12e8\u1348\u1320\u1228\u121d \u1290\u12cd \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12ed\u127b\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u2039\u1208\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214\u12cd \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u12eb\u12ca \u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121d \u1290\u12cd\u203a \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1203\u1233\u1265 \u12e8\u1265\u12d9 \u12e8\u12d8\u122d\u1349 \u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 \u1203\u1233\u1265 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u1209\u1275 \u1275\u127d\u1276\u127d\u1293 \u12e8\u1218\u134d\u1275\u1204 \u1203\u1233\u1266\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1209 \u1206\u1290\u12cd\u1364 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a0\u123d\u1294 \u12a0\u1235\u1272\u1295\u1293 \u1260\u12b3\u127d \u121b\u121e \u12eb\u1209 \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u12e8\u1353\u122d\u120b\u121b \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a6\u1263\u1295\u130d \u121c\u1276\u1293 \u12a6\u121e\u1275 \u12a0\u130d\u12cb \u12eb\u1209 \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u120d\u1212\u1243\u1295\u1295 \u2039\u1260\u123d\u1265\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275\u203a \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u12a5\u12e8\u12a8\u1230\u1231\u1364 \u12a5\u12eb\u1230\u1229\u1293 \u1228\u1303\u1305\u121d \u134d\u122d\u12f5 \u12a5\u12e8\u1348\u1228\u12f1 \u12ad\u120d\u1209\u1295 \u2039\u12e8\u1265\u1214\u122d\u1363 \u1265\u1214\u1228\u1230\u1266\u127d\u1293 \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u1240\u1295\u203a \u1260\u12d3\u120d\u1295 \u12a0\u12ad\u1265\u122d \u1262\u1209\u1275 \u132d\u1348\u122b\u12cd\u1293 \u12f0\u1235\u1273\u12cd \u12a8\u1274\u120c\u126a\u12e5\u1295 \u121b\u121e\u1242\u12eb\u1290\u1275 \u1263\u1208\u1348 \u121d\u1295\u1235 \u134b\u12ed\u12f3 \u12ed\u1296\u1228\u12cb\u120d?<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b: \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u1219 \u12ad\u123d\u1348\u1275 \u121b\u1233\u12eb? – \u1260\u12d8\u120b\u1208\u121d \u12ad\u1265\u1228\u1275 \u1210\u1219\u1235\u00a0 – \u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1361 \u12e8\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b \u1265\u1214\u122b\u12ca \u12ad\u120d\u120b\u12ca \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12a0\u12f2\u1231\u1295 \u12e8\u1235\u122b \u12d8\u1218\u1291\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u1275\u122b\u1295\u1235\u134e\u122d\u121c\u123d\u1295 \u12a5\u1245\u12f5 \u1260\u121b\u133d\u12f0\u1245 \u12eb\u1320\u1293\u1240\u1240 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1364 \u1260\u1218\u12dd\u130a\u12eb\u12cd \u1235\u1290 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u1260\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u12e8\u12ad\u120d\u1209 \u1355\u122c\u12dd\u12f0\u1295\u1275 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u12a1\u121e\u1275 \u12a1\u1263\u1295\u130d \u1263\u12f0\u1228\u1309\u1275 \u1295\u130d\u130d\u122d\u1361 \u2039\u2039\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b\u1295 \u12c8\u12f0 \u1240\u12f5\u121e\u12cd …<\/p>\n

\u130b\u121d\u1264\u120b: \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u1219 \u12ad\u123d\u1348\u1275 \u121b\u1233\u12eb? – \u1260\u12d8\u120b\u1208\u121d \u12ad\u1265\u1228\u1275<\/span> Read More »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,22,24],"tags":[985,18,25,110,925,746],"class_list":["post-476252","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-amharic","category-amharic-news-2","category-ethiopian-news","tag-10th-nation-nationality-day-in-gambela","tag-ethiopia","tag-free-zone-9-bloggers","tag-gambela","tag-zelalem-kibret","tag-zone-9-blogger"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/476252","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=476252"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/476252\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=476252"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=476252"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=476252"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}