{"id":470459,"date":"2015-10-18T08:03:00","date_gmt":"2015-10-18T12:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mereja.com\/amharic\/?guid=8a5d90509766b12e6ecc9d3464ba8db1"},"modified":"2015-10-18T08:03:00","modified_gmt":"2015-10-18T12:03:00","slug":"%e1%88%95%e1%8c%89-%e1%88%88%e1%89%a0%e1%8d%8d%e1%89%83%e1%8b%b1-%e1%8a%90%e1%8b%8d-%e1%8b%8d%e1%88%b3%e1%8a%94%e1%8b%8d%e1%88%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/470459","title":{"rendered":"\u1215\u1309 \u1208\u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u1290\u12cd – \u12cd\u1233\u1294\u12cd\u1235?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u134d\u122d\u12f5 \u1264\u1275\u1363 \u120d\u12f0\u1273 \u121d\u12f5\u1265\u1364 19\u129b \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u127d\u120e\u1275 \u1260\u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1275 \u1326\u121b\u122d\u12eb\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u1236\u1235\u1275 \u130b\u12dc\u1320\u129e\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u126008\/11\/2006 \u12d3.\u121d \u12a8\u134d\u1275\u1205 \u121a\u1292\u1235\u1275\u122d \u12e8\u1240\u1228\u1260\u1208\u1275\u1295 \u12ad\u1235 \u1260\u1240\u1295 11\/11\/2006 \u1260\u12ed\u134b \u12a0\u1295\u1265\u1266 \u12ad\u1231\u1295 \u12a8\u12a8\u1348\u1270 \u12c8\u12f2\u1205 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1273\u12ca \u12cd\u1233\u1294 \u12eb\u1233\u1208\u1348\u12cd \u1325\u1245\u121d\u127505\/2008 \u1290\u12cd \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12ed\u127b\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1204\u12cd\u121d \u12ad\u1233\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u1230\u1294 30\/2007 \u1270\u124b\u122d\u1326 \u12a8\u1270\u1348\u1271\u1275 \u1236\u1235\u1275 \u130b\u12dc\u1320\u129e\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u1326\u121b\u122d\u12eb\u1295 \u12cd\u132d \u12ad\u1233\u1278\u12cd \u1240\u1325\u120e \u12a8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u12a0\u121d\u1235\u1275 \u12e8\u12de\u1295 \u12d8\u1320\u129d \u1326\u121b\u122d\u12eb\u1295 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12a0\u122b\u1271 \u1218\u12a8\u120b\u12a8\u120d \u1233\u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u130b\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u1290\u1343 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1230\u1293\u1260\u1271\u1293 \u12a8\u1326\u121b\u122d\u12eb\u1291 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u1203\u12ed\u1209 \u130d\u1295 \u12e8\u1340\u1228-\u123d\u1265\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u1215\u1309 \u1270\u1320\u1245\u1236\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1230\u1230\u12cd \u12ad\u1235 \u1270\u1230\u122d\u12de \u1260\u1218\u12f0\u1260\u129b\u12cd \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u1215\u130d \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 257\/\u1200 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275\u2039\u2039[\u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271\u1295\u1293 \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1273\u12ca \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1271\u1295 \u1260\u1203\u12ed\u120d \u12e8\u1218\u1293\u12f5 \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d] \u2026 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1348\u1340\u121d \u1208\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u2026 \u1260\u1295\u130d\u130d\u122d\u1363 \u1260\u1225\u12d5\u120d \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1260\u1345\u1201\u134d \u12a0\u121b\u12ab\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u130d\u120d\u1345 \u12e8\u1218\u1240\u1235\u1240\u1235 \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u12ad\u1235\u203a\u203a \u1260\u121a\u120d \u1270\u123b\u123d\u120e \u12ad\u1231\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12a8\u120b\u12a8\u120d \u1265\u12ed\u1295 \u1218\u1235\u1320\u1271 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u1290\u1343 \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1209\u1275\u1293 \u1260\u12a0\u1201\u1291 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u1260\u12a5\u1235\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1299\u1275 \u12a0\u1264\u120d \u12cb\u1260\u120b\u1363 \u12a0\u1325\u1293\u1349 \u1265\u122d\u1203\u1294\u1293 \u1293\u1275\u1293\u12a4\u120d \u1348\u1208\u1240 \u121d\u1295\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u134d\u122d\u12f5\u1264\u1271 \u12a8\u12a5\u1235\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1348\u1271 \u1275\u12d5\u12db\u12dd \u1262\u12eb\u1235\u1270\u120b\u120d\u134d\u121d \u12ed\u1205 \u1345\u1201\u134d \u12a5\u1235\u12a8\u12c8\u1323\u1260\u1275 \u130a\u12dc \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u1348\u1271\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1243\u1264 \u1215\u130d \u12a5\u130d\u12f5 \u12a0\u1235\u12c8\u1325\u1276 \u12ed\u130d\u1263\u129d\u120a\u1320\u12ed\u1245\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u130d\u121d\u1275\u121d \u1260\u1265\u12d9\u12ce\u127d \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u12a0\u12f5\u122f\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1204\u121d \u1260\u1275\u1293\u1295\u1275\u1293\u12cd \u12a5\u1208\u1275 \u1260\u134d\u122d\u12f5 \u1264\u1271 \u12e8\u1270\u1230\u1320\u12cd\u1295 \u2039\u12e8\u1290\u1343\u1293\u1278\u12cd\u203a \u12cd\u1233\u1294 \u1275\u122d\u1309\u121d \u12a0\u120d\u1263 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u130d\u1293 \u12e8\u1326\u121b\u122d\u12eb\u1291\u1295\u121d \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1273\u12ca \u1218\u1265\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1325\u1235 \u1270\u130d\u1263\u122d \u12a8\u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12a0\u12ed\u12d8\u120d\u121d\u1361\u1361 (\u12ed\u1204\u1295 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed\u1260\u121a\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1275 \u120c\u120b \u1345\u1201\u134d \u12ed\u12d8\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12c8\u1323\u1208\u1295)\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
\u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1345\u1201\u134d \u1208\u121b\u12e8\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u121e\u12a8\u1228\u12cd \u130d\u1295 \u1326\u121b\u122a \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u1203\u12ed\u1209 \u2039\u1270\u12a8\u120b\u12a8\u120d\u203a \u1235\u1208\u1270\u1263\u1208\u1260\u1275 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u12a5\u1293 \u1208\u1228\u1261\u12d5 \u1325\u1245\u121d\u127510\/2008 \u1208\u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u1235\u1208\u1270\u1240\u1320\u1228\u12cd \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u12e8\u121a\u12a8\u120b\u12a8\u1208\u12cd \u121d\u1291\u1295 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u134d\u122c \u1290\u1308\u122d (substantive)\u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1345\u1201\u134d \u1208\u121b\u12e8\u1275 \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u121e\u12a8\u1228\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u120d\u1241\u1295\u121d \u12e8\u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u12e8\u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u121d\u120b\u123d \u121d\u1295 \u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12a0\u1208\u1260\u1275? \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1230\u1230\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u1215\u130d \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 \u121d\u1295 \u12ed\u1290\u130d\u1228\u1293\u120d? \u1208\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u121d\u120b\u123d \u1208\u1218\u1235\u1320\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u12d8\u130b\u1300 \u1345\u1201\u134d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1273\u12ca \u1218\u1265\u1275 \u1290\u12cd?<\/b><\/div>\n

<\/b><\/div>\n
\u12a0\u12ce! \u12e8\u12a2\u134c\u12f4\u122a \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 19 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u12eb\u12d9 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u1265\u1275 \u1232\u12f0\u1290\u130d\u130d\u1364 \u1295\u12d1\u1235 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 6 \u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u12ed\u120b\u120d\u1361<\/div>\n
<\/i><\/div>\n

\u12e8\u1270\u12eb\u12d9 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u12cb\u1235 \u12e8\u1218\u1348\u1273\u1275 \u1218\u1265\u1275 \u12a0\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1206\u1296\u121d \u1260\u1215\u130d \u1260\u1270\u12f0\u1290\u1308\u1309 \u120d\u12e9 \u1201\u1294\u1273\u12ce\u127d \u134d\u122d\u12f5 \u1264\u1275 \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u120b\u1208\u1218\u1240\u1260\u120d \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1260\u1308\u12f0\u1265 \u1218\u134d\u1273\u1275\u1295 \u1328\u121d\u122e \u1260\u1242 \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u12e8\u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u121b\u1228\u130b\u1308\u132b \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1240\u122d\u1265 \u1208\u121b\u12d8\u12dd \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u1208\u1218\u1206\u1291 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1341 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u120d\u12e9 \u1201\u1294\u1273 (exception) \u134d\u122d\u12f5\u1264\u1271 \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u120b\u1208\u1218\u1240\u1260\u120d<\/i> \u12e8\u121a\u127d\u120d\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1201\u1294\u1273\u12ce\u127d \u121d\u1295\u12f5\u1295 \u1293\u1278\u12cd?<\/div>\n

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\u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1215\u130d \u1260\u121d\u1295 \u12a0\u130d\u1263\u1265 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1348\u1240\u12f0\u12cd? \u12e8\u121a\u12a8\u1208\u12a8\u1208\u12cd\u1235?<\/b><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1230\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1230\u1230\u1260\u1275\u1295 \u12e8\u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u12ad\u1235 \u12a8\u12a5\u1235\u122d \u1264\u1275 \u12cd\u132d \u1206\u1296 \u1218\u12a8\u1273\u1270\u120d \u12ed\u127d\u120d \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u12a5\u1293 \u1325\u134b\u1270\u129b \u120b\u120d\u1270\u1263\u1208\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u12f5\u122d\u130a\u1275 \u1273\u1235\u122e \u1218\u1246\u12e8\u1275 \u1235\u1208\u120c\u1208\u1260\u1275 \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u12a8\u1273\u1230\u1229 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u1265\u1276\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1\u1293 \u12cb\u1290\u129b\u12cd \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1295 \u1270\u12f0\u1295\u130d\u1313\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12ed\u1205 \u1205\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1273\u12ca \u1218\u1265\u1275 \u1208\u1201\u1209\u121d \u1270\u12a8\u1233\u123e\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201 (for granted) \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u1325 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u120d\u1241\u1295\u121d \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1215\u130d \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1348\u1245\u12f1 (bailable)\u12a5\u1293 \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u1208\u12ad\u1209 (non-bailable) \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120e\u127d \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb \u1266\u1273\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u130d\u120d\u1345 \u1270\u12f0\u1295\u130d\u1308\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u1260\u1218\u122d\u1205 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u1208\u12ad\u1209 \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120e\u127d \u121d\u1295 \u12a0\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u1293\u1278\u12cd? \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1235\u1295\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1275\u1364 \u1260\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u12e8\u121d\u1293\u1308\u129d\u12cd \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u12c8\u1295\u1300\u1208\u129b \u1218\u1245\u132b \u1225\u1290 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1215\u130d \u1241\u1325\u122d63\u1295 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 \u1295\u12d1\u1235 \u1241\u1325\u122d 1 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275\u121d\u1361<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

\u121b\u1295\u129b\u12cd\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u12eb\u12d8 \u1230\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1230\u1230\u1260\u1275 \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u12e8\u121e\u1275 \u1245\u1323\u1275\u1295 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12a0\u1235\u122b \u12a0\u121d\u1235\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12a8\u12da\u12eb \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u1345\u1291 \u12a5\u1235\u122b\u1275 \u12e8\u121b\u12eb\u1235\u1240\u1323\u12cd \u12a8\u1206\u1290\u1293 \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1338\u1218\u1260\u1275 \u1230\u12cd \u1260\u12f0\u1228\u1230\u1260\u1275 \u1309\u12f3\u1275 \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u121e\u1275 \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u134d\u122d\u12f5 \u1264\u1271 \u12e8\u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u12c8\u1228\u1240\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u122d\u121e \u1208\u1218\u120d\u1240\u1245 \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

  \u12ed\u1205 \u1208\u1201\u1209\u121d \u12e8\u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u12a0\u12ed\u1290\u1276\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u122b \u1218\u122d\u1205 \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1230\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1230\u1230\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u12f5\u122d\u130a\u1275 \u12a8\u12a0\u1235\u122b \u12a0\u121d\u1235\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1345\u1291 \u12a5\u1235\u122b\u1275 \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1240\u1323\u12cd \u1260\u1206\u1290 \u130a\u12dc \u12a5\u1293 \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u12e8\u1348\u1340\u1218\u1260\u1275 \u1230\u12cd \u12e8\u121e\u1270 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u12e8\u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u1218\u1265\u1271\u1295 \u12ed\u1290\u1348\u130b\u120d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361\u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u1218\u122d\u1205 \u1263\u1208\u1348 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u1205\u130e\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u1260\u1218\u122d\u1205 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u1270\u12a8\u120d\u12ad\u120e \u12a5\u1293\u1308\u1298\u12cb\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u1260\u1270\u123b\u123b\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u1338\u1228\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u120d\u12e9 \u1235\u1290 \u1235\u122d\u12a0\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u121b\u1235\u1228\u1303 \u1215\u130d \u12a0\u12cb\u1305 \u1241\u1325\u122d 434\/1997 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 4 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12e8\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u12a0\u1235\u122d \u12d3\u1218\u1275\u1293 \u12a8\u12db \u1260\u120b\u12ed\u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1240\u1323 \u12a8\u1206\u1290 \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u1208\u12ad\u120b\u120d \u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d \u12e8\u123d\u1265\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d\u121d \u1260\u1340\u1228-\u123d\u1265\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u12cb\u1305 \u1241\u1325\u122d 652\/2001 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u134520 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u121b\u12eb\u1230\u1325 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u1270\u12f0\u1295\u130d\u1313\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f2\u1205 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1263\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u1215\u130d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u12e8\u12cb\u1235\u1293 \u1218\u1265\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u122d\u1205 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12e8\u121a\u12a8\u1208\u12a8\u1208\u12cd \u1260\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1236\u1235\u1275 \u1201\u1294\u1273\u12ce\u127d \u1265\u127b \u1290\u12cd \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
\u12ed\u1205 \u121b\u1208\u1275\u121d \u1260\u1218\u122d\u1205 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293\u1295 \u12a8\u121a\u12a8\u1208\u12ad\u1209\u1275 \u12e8\u1215\u130d \u12f5\u1295\u130b\u130c\u12ce\u127d \u12cd\u132d \u12eb\u1209 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u12ad\u1236\u127d \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1348\u1245\u12f1(bailable) \u1293\u1278\u12cd \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u12da\u1205\u121d \u120b\u12ed \u130d\u1295 \u120c\u120b \u12a5\u1240\u1263 \u12a0\u1208 – \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u12c8\u1295\u1300\u1208\u129b \u1218\u1245\u132b \u1225\u1290 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1215\u130d \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u134567\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u1235\u1290 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1215\u1309 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1230\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1230\u1230\u1260\u1275 \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u1260\u1218\u122d\u1205 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u121b\u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u1208\u12ad\u120d \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d (\u121b\u1208\u1275\u121d \u12a8\u12a0\u1235\u122b \u12a0\u121d\u1235\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1345\u1291 \u12a5\u1235\u122b\u1275 \u1260\u1273\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1240\u1323 \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d\u1363 \u12a8\u12a0\u1235\u122d \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1260\u1273\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1240\u1323 \u12e8\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d\u1363 \u12a8\u123d\u1265\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u12cd\u132d \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d) \u134d\u122d\u12f5 \u1264\u1271 \u1260\u1236\u1235\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1276\u127d \u1270\u12a8\u1233\u1239\u1295 \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u120a\u12a8\u1208\u12ad\u1208\u12cd \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1204\u12cd\u121d\u1361<\/div>\n
    \n
  1. \u1218\u1325\u134b\u1275<\/i> (Disappearance)\u1361\u1270\u12a8\u1233\u1239 \u1260\u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u1262\u12c8\u1323 \u12ed\u1320\u134b\u120d \u1270\u1265\u120e \u1232\u1308\u1218\u1275\u1363<\/li>\n
  2. \u121b\u1325\u134b\u1275<\/i> (Commits another offense)\u1361 \u1270\u12a8\u1233\u1239 \u1260\u12cb\u1235\u1293 \u1262\u12c8\u1323 \u120c\u120b \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u12ed\u1348\u1345\u121b\u120d \u1270\u1265\u120e \u1232\u1308\u1218\u1275\u1293\u1363<\/li>\n
  3. \u12a0\u1201\u1295\u121d<\/i> \u121b\u1325\u134b\u1275<\/i> (Witness Interference)\u1361 \u1270\u12a8\u1233\u1239 \u1260\u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u1262\u12c8\u1323 \u121d\u1235\u12ad\u122e\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u132b\u1293 \u12ed\u1348\u1325\u122b\u120d\u1363 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u121b\u1235\u1228\u1303\u12ce\u127d\u1295\u121d \u12eb\u1320\u134b\u120d \u1270\u1265\u120e \u1232\u1308\u1218\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    <\/div>\n
    \u134d\u122d\u12f5 \u1264\u1271 \u121d\u1295\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u1270\u12a8\u1233\u1239 \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1230\u1230\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u12f5\u122d\u130a\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u122d\u1205 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u121b\u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u1208\u12ad\u120d (bailable) \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d \u12a8\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1236\u1235\u1275 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1276\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u12a0\u1208 \u1265\u120e \u12ab\u1218\u1290 \u1270\u12a8\u1233\u1239\u1295 \u134d\u122d\u12f5 \u1264\u1271 \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u120a\u12a8\u1208\u12ad\u1208\u12cd \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361  <\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    \u12e8\u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u12e8\u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed<\/b><\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    \u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f2\u1205 \u1260\u1218\u130d\u1262\u12eb\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1290\u1233\u1290\u12cd \u1326\u121b\u122a \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u1203\u12ed\u1209 \u1270\u12a8\u1236\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u123d\u1265\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1275 \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u1348\u1340\u121d \u121b\u1240\u12f5\u1363 \u121b\u1290\u1233\u1233\u1275\u1363 \u1218\u121e\u12a8\u122d\u1363 \u1218\u12d8\u130b\u1300\u1275\u1293 \u121b\u1234\u122d \u12ad\u1235 \u12cd\u12f5\u1245 \u1270\u12f0\u122d\u130e \u1260\u1343\u134b\u1278\u12cd \u1345\u1201\u134e\u127d \u2039\u2039[\u1215\u1308\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271\u1295\u1293 \u1215\u1308 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1273\u12ca \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1271\u1295 \u1260\u1203\u12ed\u120d \u12e8\u1218\u1293\u12f5 \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d]\u2026 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1348\u1340\u121d \u1208\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u2026 \u1260\u1295\u130d\u130d\u122d\u1363 \u1260\u1225\u12d5\u120d \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1260\u1345\u1201\u134d \u12a0\u121b\u12ab\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u130d\u120d\u1345 \u12e8\u1218\u1240\u1235\u1240\u1235 \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d\u203a\u203a<\/i> \u1348\u1345\u1218\u1203\u120d\u1363 \u12ad\u1231\u1295\u121d \u1270\u12a8\u120b\u12a8\u120d \u1218\u1263\u1209\u1295 \u12a0\u12ed\u1270\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1273\u12f2\u12eb \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1270\u12a8\u120b\u12a8\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1208\u1260\u1275\u12e8\u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u12ad\u1235 \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1\u1295 \u12e8\u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u1218\u1265\u1275 \u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u1208\u12ad\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1295? \u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12ab\u1290\u1233\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u1215\u130d \u1218\u122d\u1206\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u1343\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u1218\u120d\u12a8\u1275\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    \u12e8\u1240\u1228\u1260\u1260\u1275 \u12ad\u1235 Bailable \u1290\u12cd \u12c8\u12ed\u1235 Non-bailable?<\/b><\/div>\n
    Bailable \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1271\u121d\u1361<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
     \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u1270\u12a8\u120b\u12a8\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1208\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u12a2\u134c\u12f4\u122a \u12e8\u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u1215\u130d \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 257 \u1260\u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1240\u1323\u12cd \u12a8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1240\u1295 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u12a0\u1235\u122d \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1345\u1291 \u12a5\u1235\u122b\u1275 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1364 \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1320\u1245\u120b\u12ed \u134d\u122d\u12f5 \u1264\u1275 \u2039\u2039\u2026\u130d\u120d\u1345\u1290\u1275\u1293 \u1270\u1320\u12eb\u1242\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u1263\u1228\u130b\u1308\u1320 \u1218\u120d\u12a9 \u12cd\u1324\u1273\u121b\u1293 \u1270\u1308\u121b\u127d\u1290\u1275 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u1245\u1323\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u1325\u1260\u1275\u1295 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275\u2026\u203a\u203a \u1208\u1218\u1218\u1235\u1228\u1275 \u1260\u121b\u1230\u1265 \u1260\u1325\u1245\u121d\u1275 2006 \u12d3.\u121d \u12eb\u12c8\u1323\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u123b\u123b\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u1245\u1323\u1275 \u12a0\u12c8\u1233\u1230\u1295 \u1218\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u1241\u1325\u122d 02\/2006 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 9 \u120b\u12ed \u1260\u121b\u12eb\u123b\u121b \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u12f0\u1290\u1308\u1308\u12cd \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u1203\u12ed\u1209 \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1230\u1230\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u12a2\u134c\u12f4\u122a \u12e8\u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u1215\u130d \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 257\/\u1200 \u121b\u1208\u1275\u121d \u12a0\u1325\u134a\u12cd \u12f5\u122d\u130a\u1271\u1295 \u1260\u1295\u130d\u130d\u122d\u1363 \u1260\u1235\u12d5\u120d\u1363 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1260\u1345\u1201\u134d<\/i> \u12a0\u121b\u12ab\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u130d\u120d\u1345 \u12e8\u1240\u1230\u1240\u1230 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u12a5\u1235\u122b\u1275 \u1245\u1323\u1271 \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u12a5\u122d\u12a8\u1295<\/i> \u1290\u12cd \u12ed\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1204\u121d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u1218\u122a\u12eb\u12cd\u12a0\u1263\u122a \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u1295\u12f0\u1270\u1308\u1208\u1340\u12cd \u12a5\u122d\u12a8\u1295 \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1240\u1323\u12cd \u12a8\u12a0\u1235\u122d\u1240\u1295 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1275 \u12c8\u122d \u12a5\u1235\u122b\u1275<\/i> \u1265\u127b \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u1325\u134b\u1270\u129b \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u1262\u1263\u120d \u120a\u1240\u1323 \u12e8\u121a\u127d\u1208\u12cd \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1245\u1323\u1275 \u12e8\u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1275\u12c8\u122b\u1275 \u12a5\u1235\u122b\u1275 \u1265\u127b \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1230\u1230\u1260\u1275 \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u12a815 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1345\u1291 \u12a5\u1235\u122b\u1275 \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u12a8\u120d\u12a8\u12eb \u1218\u122d\u1205 \u12a0\u12eb\u121f\u120b\u121d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
    \u1260\u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u120b\u12ed \u1270\u1218\u1235\u122d\u1276 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u2039\u12e8\u123d\u1265\u122d\u1270\u129b \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1275 \u1260\u121b\u124b\u124b\u121d \u12e8\u123d\u1265\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u1348\u1340\u121d \u121b\u1240\u12f5\u1363 \u121b\u1290\u1233\u1233\u1275\u1363 \u1218\u121e\u12a8\u122d\u1363 \u1218\u12d8\u130b\u1300\u1275\u1293 \u121b\u1234\u122d\u203a \u12ad\u1235\u1295 \u134d\u122d\u12f5 \u1264\u1271 \u2039\u12de\u1295 \u12d8\u1320\u129d \u12e8\u123d\u1265\u122d\u1270\u129b \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1275 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d \u12e8\u1326\u121b\u122d\u12eb\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12a0\u122b\u121b\u1306\u127d \u1261\u12f5\u1295\u12a5\u1295\u1302\u203a<\/i> \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1260\u1265\u12ed\u1291 \u1260\u130d\u120d\u1345 \u12cd\u12f5\u1245 \u1235\u120b\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u12cd\u1364 \u12e8\u1340\u1228-\u123d\u1265\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u1205\u1309 \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u1260\u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u120b\u12ed \u1270\u1348\u1343\u121a\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u1208\u12cd\u121d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
     \u1236\u1235\u1270\u129b\u12cd\u1293 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1260\u1218\u122d\u1205 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u1208\u12ad\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u12a0\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12a8\u12a0\u1235\u122d \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1345\u1291 \u12a5\u1235\u122b\u1275 \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1240\u1323 \u12e8\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d (grand corruption) \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1364 \u12e8\u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u12ad\u1235\u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a8\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u130b\u122d \u1348\u1345\u121e \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u120c\u1208\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1364<\/div>\n
    \u1260\u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u1260\u1218\u122d\u1205 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1\u1295 \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u120a\u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u1208\u12ad\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u127d\u120d \u121d\u1295\u121d \u12a0\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u1205\u130d \u12a0\u130d\u1263\u1265 \u12e8\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    \u1218\u122d\u1201 \u1232\u1348\u1245\u12f5\u1364 \u12f3\u129d\u1290\u1271 \u12ed\u12a8\u1208\u12ad\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1295?<\/b><\/div>\n
    \u1260\u134d\u1341\u121d \u120a\u12a8\u1208\u12ad\u1208\u12cd \u12a0\u12ed\u127d\u120d\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1271\u1295\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u1218\u120d\u12a8\u1275\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
    \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1215\u130d \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u1260\u1218\u122d\u1205 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u1270\u1348\u1245\u12f6 \u1260\u12f3\u129e\u127d \u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 (discretionary power) \u120a\u12a8\u1208\u12a8\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u127d\u120d\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1236\u1235\u1275 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1276\u127d \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u12c8\u1295\u1300\u1208\u129b \u1218\u1245\u132b \u1225\u1290 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1215\u130d \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 67 \u1218\u12f0\u1295\u1308\u1309\u1295 \u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u1270\u1218\u120d\u12ad\u1270\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1\u1295 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed\u121d \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u1295\u1343\u122d \u1235\u1295\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1275\u1361<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
      \n
    1. \u2039\u12ed\u1320\u134b\u120d\u203a <\/i>\u1361 \u1270\u12a8\u1233\u123e\u127d \u12ed\u1320\u134b\u1209 \u1270\u1265\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1218\u1271\u1275 \u1260\u1270\u12a8\u1230\u1231\u1260\u1275 \u12f5\u122d\u130a\u1275 \u1325\u134b\u1270\u129b \u12a8\u1270\u1263\u1209 \u12cd\u1233\u1294\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u1275\u120d\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a5\u1235\u122d \u1208\u121b\u121d\u1208\u1325 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u12ed\u1273\u12c8\u1243\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1230\u1230\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u1215\u130d \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 (\u12e8\u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u1215\u1309 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345257\/\u1200) \u120a\u12eb\u1235\u1240\u1323 \u12e8\u121a\u127d\u1208\u12cd \u12a8\u12a0\u1235\u122d \u1240\u1293\u1275 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1275 \u12c8\u122b\u1275 \u12a5\u1235\u122b\u1275 \u1265\u127b \u1206\u1296 \u12a5\u12eb\u1208 \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u12a8\u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1275 \u12c8\u122b\u1275 \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u1260\u12a5\u1235\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u1208 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1204\u121d \u1218\u1273\u1230\u122d \u12a8\u121a\u1308\u1263\u12cd \u12a8\u12a5\u1325\u134d \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u1273\u1235\u122f\u120d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1273\u12f2\u12eb \u1208\u121d\u1295 \u12ed\u1320\u134b\u120d?<\/li>\n
    2. \u12eb\u1320\u134b\u120d<\/i> \u1361 \u1270\u12a8\u1233\u1239 \u1262\u1348\u1273 \u120c\u120b \u1325\u134b\u1275 \u12eb\u1320\u134b\u120d \u1270\u1265\u120e \u1232\u1308\u1218\u1275 \u134d\u122d\u12f5 \u1264\u1271 \u1270\u12a8\u1233\u1239\u1295 \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u120a\u12a8\u1208\u12ad\u1208\u12cd \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u12ad\u120d\u12a8\u120b \u1260\u12cb\u1293\u1290\u1275 \u1208\u12f0\u130b\u130b\u121a \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u1208\u129e\u127d (recidivists) \u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u1290\u1308\u1308 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u12f0\u130b\u130b\u121a \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u1208\u129b \u120a\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u1215\u12ed\u12c8\u1275 \u12d8\u1218\u1291 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u121d \u12ad\u1235 \u1270\u1218\u1235\u122d\u1276\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u121b\u12eb\u12cd\u1245 \u1218\u120d\u12ab\u121d \u1320\u1263\u12ed \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u1230\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u1262\u1348\u1273 \u120c\u120b \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u120a\u1348\u1345\u121d \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1218\u12a8\u120d\u12a8\u12eb \u1260\u134d\u1341\u121d \u12a5\u1231 \u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u12ed\u1230\u122b\u121d\u1361\u1361<\/li>\n
    3. \u12a0\u1201\u1295\u121d \u12eb\u1320\u134b\u120d<\/i> \u1361 \u120c\u120b\u12cd \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u120a\u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u1208\u12ad\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u127d\u1208\u12cd \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u1270\u12a8\u1233\u123d \u12a8\u12a5\u1235\u122d \u1262\u1348\u1273 \u12a5\u1231 \u120b\u12ed \u120a\u1240\u122d\u1261 \u12e8\u121a\u127d\u1209 \u121d\u1235\u12ad\u122e\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u121b\u1235\u1228\u1303\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12eb\u1320\u134b\u120d \u1270\u1265\u120e \u1232\u1308\u1218\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u120b\u12ed \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12d3\u1243\u1264 \u1205\u130d \u12a0\u1208\u129d \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1201\u1209 \u121b\u1235\u1228\u1303 \u12a0\u1230\u121d\u1277\u120d\/\u12a0\u1245\u122d\u1267\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u120a\u1320\u134b \u12e8\u121a\u127d\u120d \u121d\u1295\u121d \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12e8\u1208\u121d\u1293 \u12a5\u1231 \u120b\u12ed \u12ed\u1204 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12a5\u12ed\u1230\u122b\u121d\u1361\u1361<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      <\/div>\n
      \u1260\u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u1203\u12ed\u1209 \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1230\u1230\u1260\u1275 \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u1260\u1218\u122d\u1205\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u1260\u12f3\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u120a\u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u1208\u12ad\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u127d\u120d \u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u127d\u121d \u1215\u130b\u12ca \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12e8\u1208\u12cd\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u12cd\u121d \u12e8\u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u1218\u1265\u1271\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12a8\u1208\u12ad\u120d \u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u127d\u121d \u1215\u130b\u12ca \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12ab\u1208\u1218\u1296\u1229\u121d \u120c\u120b \u12e8\u1260\u1208\u1320 \u12e8\u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u1218\u1265\u1271\u1295 \u1218\u12a8\u1260\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u134b \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12a0\u1208\u1364 \u12ed\u1204\u12cd\u121d \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1205\u130d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1230\u12cd \u12eb\u120b\u130d\u1263\u1265 \u1208\u1273\u1230\u1228\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u12a5\u1235\u122d \u130a\u12dc \u12ab\u1233 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u134d\u120d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1260\u120c\u1208\u1260\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1325\u134b\u1270\u129b \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u1262\u1263\u120d \u120a\u1273\u1230\u122d \u12a8\u121a\u127d\u1208\u12cd \u12a8\u12a0\u1235\u122d \u1240\u1293\u1275 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1275 \u12c8\u122b\u1275 \u12a5\u1235\u122b\u1275 \u12a8\u12a5\u1325\u134d \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u1273\u1235\u122e \u12a5\u12eb\u1208\u12a0\u1201\u1295\u121d \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u1260\u1218\u12a8\u120d\u12a8\u120d \u120c\u120b \u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a \u12a5\u1235\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1273\u1230\u122d \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u12a5\u1305\u1309\u1295 \u12a2\u134d\u1275\u1203\u12ca\u1290\u1275 \u12a8\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u1205\u130d \u1218\u122d\u1206\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u1219\u1209 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1228\u1235\u1235 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      257 – \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u12d8\u1218\u1228\u1208\u1275 \u1203\u1233\u1265\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u130d\u1208\u1345 \u1290\u1343\u1290\u1275 \u1320\u120b\u1275<\/b><\/div>\n

      <\/b><\/div>\n
      \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u1203\u12ed\u1209\u1295 \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u120a\u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u1208\u12ad\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u127d\u120d \u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u127d\u121d \u1205\u130b\u12ca \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12a0\u1208\u1218\u1296\u1229\u1295 \u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u1270\u1218\u120d\u12ad\u1270\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u1218\u1265\u1271 \u1270\u12a8\u1265\u122e\u1208\u1275 \u1260\u1240\u120b\u120d \u12cb\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u12c8\u1323 \u1270\u1235\u134b \u12a5\u1293\u12f0\u122d\u130b\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12ed\u1204\u1295 \u1345\u1201\u134d \u12a8\u1218\u124b\u1328\u1273\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u1270\u12a8\u120b\u12a8\u120d \u1235\u1208\u1270\u1263\u1208\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u12a2\u134c\u12f4\u122a \u12e8\u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u1215\u130d \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 257 \u1275\u1295\u123d \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1265\u1208\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u1328\u122d\u1235\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u120b\u1208\u1349\u1275 \u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12e8\u1340\u1228-\u123d\u1265\u122d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u1215\u1309\u1295 \u12a0\u12cb\u1305 \u1241\u1325\u122d 652\/2001 \u1203\u1233\u1265\u1295 \u1260\u1290\u1343\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u1218\u130d\u1208\u1345 \u1218\u1265\u1275\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u12f0\u134d\u1320\u1325 \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1320\u1240\u1218\u1260\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u12a8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12a0\u12ab\u120b\u1275 \u1275\u127d\u1275 \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1230\u1290\u12d8\u1228\u1260\u1275 \u12ed\u1308\u129b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u130b\u12dc\u1320\u129e\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u1340\u1203\u134a\u12ce\u127d\u121d \u12e8\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u12cb\u1305 \u1230\u1208\u1263 \u1218\u1206\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u12e8\u1240\u1291 \u12e8\u121d\u1293\u12e8\u12cd \u12a5\u12cd\u1290\u1273 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u12cb\u1305 \u1263\u1208\u1348 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed \u12a8\u1245\u122d\u1265 \u130a\u12dc \u12c8\u12f2\u1205 \u1218\u12f0\u1260\u129b\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u1215\u130d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1308\u1293 \u12c8\u12f0\u1218\u1320\u1240\u1219 \u12eb\u12d8\u1290\u1260\u1208 \u12ed\u1218\u1235\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12cb\u1290\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u1205\u130d \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12e8\u12a2\u134c\u12f4\u122a \u12e8\u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u1215\u130d \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 257 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      \u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u1215\u130d \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 \u1270\u1320\u1245\u1236 \u1290\u12cd \u130b\u12dc\u1320\u129b \u1270\u1218\u1235\u1308\u1295 \u12f0\u1233\u1208\u129d \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1236\u1235\u1275 \u12a0\u1218\u1275 \u12a5\u1235\u122b\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1228\u12f0\u1260\u1275 (\u1325\u1245\u121d\u1275 2007)\u1363\u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u1215\u130d \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 \u1270\u1320\u1245\u1236 \u1290\u12cd \u121b\u1235\u1270\u12cb\u120d \u12a0\u1233\u1273\u121a \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1275 \u12e8\u12a0\u1235\u122d \u123a\u1205 \u1265\u122d  \u12e8\u1308\u1295\u12d8\u1265 \u1245\u1323\u1275 \u1270\u1240\u1325\u1276 \u12e8\u1270\u12d8\u130b\u12cd \u1363 \u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u1215\u130d \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 \u1270\u1320\u1245\u1236 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u1218\u1345\u1204\u1275 \u1235\u122b \u12a0\u1235\u12aa\u12eb\u1305 \u12a5\u1293 \u130b\u12dc\u1320\u129b \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u120d\u12ab\u1278\u12cd \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1236\u1235\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u12a8\u1236\u1235\u1275 \u12c8\u122b\u1275 \u12a5\u1235\u122b\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1228\u12f0\u1260\u1275 (\u1218\u1235\u12a8\u1228\u121d 2007)\u1363 \u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u1215\u130d \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 \u1270\u1320\u1245\u1236 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u120e\u121a \u1218\u1345\u1204\u1275 \u12cb\u1293 \u1235\u122b \u12a0\u1235\u12aa\u12eb\u1305\u1293 \u130b\u12dc\u1320\u129b \u130d\u12db\u12cd \u1273\u12e8 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1236\u1235\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u12a8\u1236\u1235\u1275 \u12c8\u122b\u1275\u12a5\u1235\u122b\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1228\u12f0\u1260\u1275 (\u1218\u1235\u12a8\u1228\u121d 2007)\u1363 \u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u1215\u130d \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 \u1270\u1320\u1245\u1236 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u134b\u12ad\u1275 \u1218\u1345\u1204\u1275 \u1235\u122b \u12a0\u1235\u12aa\u12eb\u1305 \u134b\u1321\u121b \u1291\u122a\u12eb \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1236\u1235\u1275\u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u12a8\u12a0\u1235\u122b \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12c8\u122b\u1275 \u12a5\u1235\u122b\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1228\u12f0\u1263\u1275 (\u1218\u1235\u12a8\u1228\u121d 2007)\u1363 \u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u1215\u130d \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 \u1270\u1320\u1245\u1236 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u1240\u12f5\u121e\u12cd \u12e8\u12d5\u1295\u1241 \u1218\u1345\u1204\u1275\u12cb\u1293 \u12a0\u12d8\u130b\u1305\u1293 \u130b\u12dc\u1320\u129b \u12a4\u120d\u12eb\u1235 \u1308\u1265\u1229 \u120b\u12ed \u12ad\u1235 \u1270\u1218\u1235\u122d\u1276\u1260\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u1201\u1291 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u12ad\u1231\u1295 \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1273\u1270\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1298\u12cd \u2026 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u1203\u12ed\u1209 \u1260\u1343\u134b\u1278\u12cd \u1345\u1201\u134e\u127d \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u12a2\u134c\u12f4\u122a \u12e8\u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u1215\u130d \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 257 \u1270\u1320\u1245\u1236\u1260\u1275 \u1270\u12a8\u120b\u12a8\u120d \u1270\u1265\u120f\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1\u1295 \u12a8\u120c\u120e\u127d \u1208\u12e8\u1275\u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1308\u12cd \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1341 \u1240\u120b\u120d \u1245\u1323\u1275 (\u12a8\u12a0\u1235\u122d \u1240\u1293\u1275 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1275 \u12c8\u122b\u1275 \u1265\u127b) \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u1275\u1208\u12cd \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 257 \u1295\u12d1\u1235 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 \u2039\u1200\u203a \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u1240\u1230\u1260\u1275 \u1218\u1206\u1291 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      \u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f2\u1205 \u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u1215\u130d \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1345 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u1245\u122d\u1265 \u130a\u12dc \u1203\u1233\u1265\u1295 \u12a8\u1218\u130d\u1208\u1345 \u1290\u1343\u1290\u1275 \u130b\u122d \u1260\u1270\u12eb\u12eb\u12d8 \u12a5\u12e8\u1240\u1228\u1261 \u120b\u1209 \u12ad\u1236\u127d \u12cb\u1290\u129b \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275\u12a5\u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u1203\u12ed\u1209\u121d \u12e8\u1245\u122d\u1261 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u133d \u1230\u1208\u1263 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n
      <\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f1 \u1203\u12ed\u1209<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      \n
      የፌደራል ከፍተኛ ፍርድ ቤት፣ ልደታ ምድብ፤ 19ኛ ወንጀል ችሎት በስድስት ጦማርያን እና በሶስት ጋዜጠኞች ላይ በ08\/11\/2006 ዓ.ም ከፍትህ ሚኒስትር የቀረበለትን ክስ በቀን 11\/11\/2006 በይፋ አንብቦ ክሱን ከከፈተ ወዲህ መሰረታዊ ውሳኔ ያሳለፈው ጥቅምት05\/2008 ነው ማለት ይቻላል፡፡ ይሄውም ክሳቸው በሰኔ 30\/2007 ተቋርጦ ከተፈቱት ሶስት ጋዜጠኞች እና ሁለት ጦማርያን ውጭ ክሳቸው ቀጥሎ ከነበሩት አምስት የዞን ዘጠኝ ጦማርያን መካከል አራቱ መከላከል ሳያስፈልጋቸው በነፃ እንዲሰናበቱና ከጦማርያኑ መካከል በፍቃዱ ሃይሉ ግን የፀረ-ሽብርተኝነት ሕጉ ተጠቅሶበት የተከሰሰው ክስ ተሰርዞ በመደበኛው ወንጀል ሕግ አንቀፅ 257\/ሀ መሰረት‹‹[ሕገ መንግስቱንና ሕገ መንግስታዊ ስርዓቱን በሃይል የመናድ ወንጀል] … እንዲፈፀም ለማድረግ … በንግግር፣ በሥዕል ወይም በፅሁፍ አማካይነት በግልፅ የመቀስቀስ ወንጀል ክስ›› በሚል ተሻሽሎ ክሱን እንዲከላከል ብይን መስጠቱ ነው፡፡<\/div>\n
      ነፃ የተባሉትና በአሁኑ ወቅት በእስር ላይ የሚገኙት አቤል ዋበላ፣ አጥናፉ ብርሃኔና ናትናኤል ፈለቀ ምንም እንኳን ፍርድቤቱ ከእስር እንዲፈቱ ትዕዛዝ ቢያስተላልፍም ይህ ፅሁፍ እስከወጣበት ጊዜ ድረስ አልተፈቱም፡፡ አቃቤ ሕግ እግድ አስወጥቶ ይግባኝሊጠይቅባቸው ይችላል የሚል ከፍተኛ ግምትም በብዙዎች ዘንድ አድሯል፡፡ ይሄም በትናንትናው እለት በፍርድ ቤቱ የተሰጠውን ‹የነፃናቸው› ውሳኔ ትርጉም አልባ የሚያደርግና የጦማርያኑንም ሕገ መንግስታዊ መብት የሚጥስ ተግባር ከመሆን አይዘልም፡፡ (ይሄን ጉዳይበሚመለከት ሌላ ፅሁፍ ይዘን እንወጣለን)፡፡<\/div>\n
      በዚህ ፅሁፍ ለማየት የተሞከረው ግን ጦማሪ በፍቃዱ ሃይሉ ‹ተከላከል› ስለተባለበት ጉዳይ እና ለረቡዕ ጥቅምት10\/2008 ለዋስትና ጉዳይ ስለተቀጠረው ጉዳይ ነው፡፡ በፍቃዱ የሚከላከለው ምኑን ነው የሚለውን የፍሬ ነገር (substantive)ጉዳይ በዚህ ፅሁፍ ለማየት አልተሞከረም፡፡ ይልቁንም የበፍቃዱ የዋስትና ጥያቄ ምላሽ ምን መሆን አለበት? እና በፍቃዱ የተከሰሰበት የሕግ አንቀፅ ምን ይነግረናል? ለሚለው ጥያቄ ምላሽ ለመስጠት የተዘጋጀ ፅሁፍ ነው፡፡<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      ዋስትና ሕገ መንግስታዊ መብት ነው?<\/b><\/div>\n

      <\/b><\/div>\n
      አዎ! የኢፌዴሪ ሕገ መንግስት በአንቀፅ 19 ላይ የተያዙ ሰዎች መብት ሲደነግግ፤ ንዑስ አንቀፅ 6 ላይ እንዲህ ይላል፡<\/div>\n
      <\/i><\/div>\n

      የተያዙ ሰዎች በዋስ የመፈታት መብት አላቸው፡፡ ሆኖም በሕግ በተደነገጉ ልዩ ሁኔታዎች ፍርድ ቤት ዋስትና ላለመቀበል ወይም በገደብ መፍታትን ጨምሮ በቂ የሆነ የዋስትና ማረጋገጫ እንዲቀርብ ለማዘዝ ይችላል፡፡<\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

      ለመሆኑ በአንቀፁ እንደ ልዩ ሁኔታ (exception) ፍርድቤቱ ዋስትና ላለመቀበል<\/i> የሚችልባቸውን ሁኔታዎች ምንድን ናቸው?<\/div>\n

      <\/b><\/div>\n
      ዋስትና በኢትዮጵያ ሕግ በምን አግባብ ነው የሚፈቀደው? የሚከለከለውስ?<\/b><\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      አንድ ሰው የተከሰሰበትን የወንጀል ክስ ከእስር ቤት ውጭ ሆኖ መከታተል ይችል ዘንድ እና ጥፋተኛ ላልተባለበት የወንጀል ድርጊት ታስሮ መቆየት ስለሌለበት ዋስትና ከታሰሩ ሰዎች መብቶች አንዱና ዋነኛው በመሆን ተደንግጓል፡፡ ነገር ግን ይህ ህገ መንግስታዊ መብት ለሁሉም ተከሳሾች እንዲሁ (for granted) የሚሰጥ አይደለም፡፡ ይልቁንም በኢትዮጵያ ሕግ ዋስትና የሚያስፈቅዱ (bailable)እና ዋስትና የሚያስከለክሉ (non-bailable) ወንጀሎች በተለያ ቦታዎች በግልፅ ተደንግገዋል፡፡ ዋስትና በመርህ ደረጃ የሚያስከለክሉ ወንጀሎች ምን አይነት ናቸው? የሚለውን ስንመለከት፤ በመጀመሪያ የምናገኝው የኢትዮጵያ የወንጀለኛ መቅጫ ሥነ ሥርዓት ሕግ ቁጥር63ን ሲሆን፣ በዚህ አንቀፅ ንዑስ ቁጥር 1 መሰረትም፡<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n

      ማንኛውም የተያዘ ሰው የተከሰሰበት ወንጀል የሞት ቅጣትን ወይም አስራ አምስት ዓመት ወይም ከዚያ በላይ የሆነ ፅኑ እስራት የማያስቀጣው ከሆነና ወንጀል የተፈጸመበት ሰው በደረሰበት ጉዳት የማይሞት የሆነ እንደሆነ ፍርድ ቤቱ የዋስትና ወረቀት አስፈርሞ ለመልቀቅ ይችላል፡፡<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

        ይህ ለሁሉም የወንጀል አይነቶች የሚሰራ መርህ ሲሆን አንድ ሰው የተከሰሰበት የወንጀል ድርጊት ከአስራ አምስት ዓመት ፅኑ እስራት በላይ የሚያስቀጣው በሆነ ጊዜ እና ወንጀል የፈፀመበት ሰው የሞተ እንደሆነ የዋስትና መብቱን ይነፈጋል ማለት ነው፡፡ከዚህ አጠቃላይ መርህ ባለፈ በተለያዩ ህጎች ላይ ዋስትና በመርህ ደረጃ ተከልክሎ እናገኘዋለን፡፡ በዚህም መሰረት በተሻሻለው የጸረሙስና ልዩ ስነ ስርአትና የማስረጃ ሕግ አዋጅ ቁጥር 434\/1997 አንቀፅ 4 መሰረት የሙስና ወንጀል አስር ዓመትና ከዛ በላይየሚያስቀጣ ከሆነ ዋስትና ያስከለክላል ፡፡ እንዲሁም የሽብርተኝነት ወንጀልም በፀረ-ሽብርተኝነት አዋጅ ቁጥር 652\/2001 አንቀፅ20 መሰረት ዋስትና የማያሰጥ እንደሆነ ተደንግጓል፡፡ እንግዲህ አሁን ባለው የኢትዮጵያ የሕግ ስርዓት የዋስና መብት በመርህ ደረጃ የሚከለከለው በነዚህ ሶስት ሁኔታዎች ብቻ ነው ማለት ነው፡፡<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/div>\n
      ይህ ማለትም በመርህ ደረጃ ዋስትናን ከሚከለክሉት የሕግ ድንጋጌዎች ውጭ ያሉ ሌሎች የወንጀል ክሶች ዋስትና የሚያስፈቅዱ(bailable) ናቸው ማለት ነው፡፡ እዚህም ላይ ግን ሌላ እቀባ አለ – የኢትዮጵያ የወንጀለኛ መቅጫ ሥነ ሥርዓት ሕግ አንቀፅ67፡፡ በዚህ የስነ ስርዓት ሕጉ አንቀፅ መሰረት አንድ ሰው የተከሰሰበት ወንጀል በመርህ ደረጃ ዋስትና የማያስከለክል ቢሆንም (ማለትም ከአስራ አምስት ዓመት ፅኑ እስራት በታች የሚያስቀጣ ቢሆንም፣ ከአስር ዓመት በታች የሚያስቀጣ የሙስና ወንጀል ቢሆንም፣ ከሽብርተኝነት ወንጀል ውጭ ቢሆንም) ፍርድ ቤቱ በሶስት የተለያዩ ምክንያቶች ተከሳሹን ዋስትና ሊከለክለው ይችላል፡፡ ይሄውም፡<\/div>\n
        \n
      1. መጥፋት<\/i> (Disappearance)፡ተከሳሹ በዋስትና ቢወጣ ይጠፋል ተብሎ ሲገመት፣<\/li>\n
      2. ማጥፋት<\/i> (Commits another offense)፡ ተከሳሹ በዋስና ቢወጣ ሌላ ወንጀል ይፈፅማል ተብሎ ሲገመትና፣<\/li>\n
      3. አሁንም<\/i> ማጥፋት<\/i> (Witness Interference)፡ ተከሳሹ በዋስትና ቢወጣ ምስክሮች ላይ ጫና ይፈጥራል፣ ሌሎች ማስረጃዎችንም ያጠፋል ተብሎ ሲገመት ነው፡፡<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        <\/div>\n
        ፍርድ ቤቱ ምንም እንኳን ተከሳሹ የተከሰሰበት የወንጀል ድርጊት በመርህ ደረጃ ዋስትና የማያስከለክል (bailable) ቢሆንም ከነዚህ ሶስት ምክንያቶች አንዱ አለ ብሎ ካመነ ተከሳሹን ፍርድ ቤቱ ዋስትና ሊከለክለው ይችላል፡፡  <\/div>\n
        <\/div>\n
        የበፍቃዱ የዋስትና ጉዳይ<\/b><\/div>\n
        <\/div>\n
        እንግዲህ በመግቢያችን እንዳነሳነው ጦማሪ በፍቃዱ ሃይሉ ተከሶበት የነበረው የሽብርተኝት ወንጀልን ለመፈፀም ማቀድ፣ ማነሳሳት፣ መሞከር፣ መዘጋጀትና ማሴር ክስ ውድቅ ተደርጎ በፃፋቸው ፅሁፎች ‹‹[ሕገመንግስቱንና ሕገ መንግስታዊ ስርዓቱን በሃይል የመናድ ወንጀል]… እንዲፈፀም ለማድረግ … በንግግር፣ በሥዕል ወይም በፅሁፍ አማካይነት በግልፅ የመቀስቀስ ወንጀል››<\/i> ፈፅመሃል፣ ክሱንም ተከላከል መባሉን አይተናል፡፡ ታዲያ በፍቃዱ አሁን ተከላከል የተባለበትየወንጀል ክስ በፍቃዱን የዋስትና መብት ያስከለክለዋልን? ከላይ ካነሳናቸው አጠቃላይ የኢትዮጵያ የዋስትና ሕግ መርሆዎች አንፃር እንመልከት፡፡<\/div>\n
        <\/div>\n
        የቀረበበት ክስ Bailable ነው ወይስ Non-bailable?<\/b><\/div>\n
        Bailable ነው፡፡ ምክንያቱም፡<\/div>\n
        <\/div>\n
         አሁን በፍቃዱ ተከላከል የተባለበት የኢፌዴሪ የወንጀል ሕግ አንቀፅ 257 በአጠቃላይ የሚያስቀጣው ከአንድ ቀን እስከ አስር ዓመት ፅኑ እስራት ሲሆን፤ የፌደራል ጠቅላይ ፍርድ ቤት ‹‹…ግልፅነትና ተጠያቂነትን ባረጋገጠ መልኩ ውጤታማና ተገማችነት ያለው ቅጣት የሚሰጥበትን ስርዓት…›› ለመመስረት በማሰብ በጥቅምት 2006 ዓ.ም ያወጣው የተሻሻለው የወንጀል ቅጣት አወሳሰን መመሪያ ቁጥር 02\/2006 አንቀፅ 9 ላይ በማያሻማ ሁኔታ እንደደነገገው ደግሞ በፍቃዱ ሃይሉ የተከሰሰበት የኢፌዴሪ የወንጀል ሕግ አንቀፅ 257\/ሀ ማለትም አጥፊው ድርጊቱን በንግግር፣ በስዕል፣ ወይም በፅሁፍ<\/i> አማካኝነት በግልፅ የቀሰቀሰ እንደሆን የእስራት ቅጣቱ ሁለት እርከን<\/i> ነው ይላል፡፡ ይሄም ማለት በመመሪያውአባሪ አንድ ላይ አንደተገለፀው እርከን ሁለት የሚያስቀጣው ከአስርቀን እስከ ስድስት ወር እስራት<\/i> ብቻ ነው፡፡ በመሆኑም በፍቃዱ ጥፋተኛ እንኳን ቢባል ሊቀጣ የሚችለው ከፍተኛ ቅጣት የስድስትወራት እስራት ብቻ ነው፡፡ በአጠቃላይ በፍቃዱ የተከሰሰበት ወንጀል ከ15 ዓመት ፅኑ እስራት በላይ የሚለውን የመከልከያ መርህ አያሟላም፡፡<\/div>\n
        በበፍቃዱ ላይ ተመስርቶ የነበረው ‹የሽብርተኛ ድርጅት በማቋቋም የሽብርተኝነት ወንጀልን ለመፈፀም ማቀድ፣ ማነሳሳት፣ መሞከር፣ መዘጋጀትና ማሴር› ክስን ፍርድ ቤቱ ‹ዞን ዘጠኝ የሽብርተኛ ድርጅት አይደለም የጦማርያን እና የአራማጆች ቡድንእንጂ›<\/i> በማለት በብይኑ በግልፅ ውድቅ ስላደረገው፤ የፀረ-ሽብርተኝነት ህጉ ከዚህ በኋላ በበፍቃዱ ላይ ተፈፃሚነት የለውም፡፡<\/div>\n
         ሶስተኛውና በኢትዮጵያ በመርህ ደረጃ ዋስትና የሚያስከለክለው የወንጀል አይነት ከአስር ዓመት ፅኑ እስራት በላይ የሚያስቀጣ የሙስና ወንጀል (grand corruption) ሲሆን፤ የበፍቃዱ ክስደግሞ ከሙስና ወንጀል ጋር ፈፅሞ ግንኙነት የሌለው ነው፤<\/div>\n
        በአጠቃላይ በመርህ ደረጃ በፍቃዱን ዋስትና ሊያስከለክል የሚችል ምንም አይነት የህግ አግባብ የለም፡፡<\/div>\n
        <\/div>\n
        መርሁ ሲፈቅድ፤ ዳኝነቱ ይከለክለዋልን?<\/b><\/div>\n
        በፍፁም ሊከለክለው አይችልም፡፡ ምክንያቱንም እንመልከት፡፡<\/div>\n
        በኢትዮጵያ ሕግ ዋስትና በመርህ ደረጃ ተፈቅዶ በዳኞች ስልጣን (discretionary power) ሊከለከል የሚችልባቸውሶስት ምክንያቶች የኢትዮጵያ የወንጀለኛ መቅጫ ሥነ ሥርዓት ሕግ አንቀፅ 67 መደንገጉን ከላይ ተመልክተናል፡፡ የበፍቃዱን ጉዳይም ከዚህ አንፃር ስንመለከት፡<\/div>\n
        <\/div>\n
          \n
        1. ‹ይጠፋል› <\/i>፡ ተከሳሾች ይጠፋሉ ተብለው የሚገመቱት በተከሰሱበት ድርጊት ጥፋተኛ ከተባሉ ውሳኔው የሚያስከትልባቸውን እስር ለማምለጥ እንደሆነ ይታወቃል፡፡ በፍቃዱ የተከሰሰበት የሕግ አንቀፅ (የወንጀል ሕጉ አንቀፅ257\/ሀ) ሊያስቀጣ የሚችለው ከአስር ቀናት እስከ ስድስት ወራት እስራት ብቻ ሆኖ እያለ በፍቃዱ ደግሞ ከአንድ ዓመት ከስድስት ወራት በላይ በእስር ላይ ያለ ነው፡፡ ይሄም መታሰር ከሚገባው ከእጥፍ በላይ ታስሯል ማለት ነው፡፡ ታዲያ ለምን ይጠፋል?<\/li>\n
        2. ያጠፋል<\/i> ፡ ተከሳሹ ቢፈታ ሌላ ጥፋት ያጠፋል ተብሎ ሲገመት ፍርድ ቤቱ ተከሳሹን ዋስትና ሊከለክለው ይችላል፡፡ ይህ ክልከላ በዋናነት ለደጋጋሚ ወንጀለኞች (recidivists) የተደነገገ ነው፡፡ በፍቃዱ እንኳን ደጋጋሚ ወንጀለኛ ሊሆን በሕይወት ዘመኑ አንድም ክስ ተመስርቶበት የማያውቅ መልካም ጠባይ ያለው ሰው ነው፡፡ በመሆኑም ቢፈታ ሌላ ወንጀል ሊፈፅም ይችላል የሚለው መከልከያ በፍፁም እሱ ላይ አይሰራም፡፡<\/li>\n
        3. አሁንም ያጠፋል<\/i> ፡ ሌላው ዋስትና ሊያስከለክል የሚችለው ምክንያት ተከሳሽ ከእስር ቢፈታ እሱ ላይ ሊቀርቡ የሚችሉ ምስክሮችን እና ሌሎች ማስረጃዎችን ያጠፋል ተብሎ ሲገመት ነው፡፡ በፍቃዱ ላይ ደግሞ ዓቃቤ ህግ አለኝ ያለውን ሁሉ ማስረጃ አሰምቷል\/አቅርቧል፡፡ ሊጠፋ የሚችል ምንም ነገር የለምና እሱ ላይ ይሄ ምክንያት እይሰራም፡፡<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          <\/div>\n
          በአጠቃላይ በፍቃዱ ሃይሉ የተከሰሰበት ወንጀል በመርህም ሆነ በዳኝነት ደረጃ ዋስትና ሊያስከለክል የሚችል አንዳችም ሕጋዊ ምክንያት የለውም፡፡ እንዲያውም የዋስትና መብቱን የሚከለክል አንዳችም ሕጋዊ ምክንያት ካለመኖሩም ሌላ የበለጠ የዋስትና መብቱን መከበር የሚገፋ ምክንያት አለ፤ ይሄውም በኢትዮጵያ ህግ አንድ ሰው ያላግባብ ለታሰረበት የእስር ጊዜ ካሳ የሚያስከፍል ስርዓት በሌለበት እና በፍቃዱ ደግሞ ጥፋተኛ እንኳን ቢባል ሊታሰር ከሚችለው ከአስር ቀናት እስከ ስድስት ወራት እስራት ከእጥፍ በላይ ታስሮ እያለአሁንም ዋስትና በመከልከል ሌላ ተጨማሪ እስር እንዲታሰር ማድረግ እጅጉን ኢፍትሃዊነት ከመሆኑም በላይ የወንጀል ህግ መርሆዎችን በሙሉ የሚገረስስ በመሆኑ ነው፡፡<\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n
          257 – ያልተዘመረለት ሃሳብን የመግለፅ ነፃነት ጠላት<\/b><\/div>\n

          <\/b><\/div>\n
          በፍቃዱ ሃይሉን ዋስትና ሊያስከለክል የሚችል አንዳችም ህጋዊ ምክንያት አለመኖሩን ከላይ ተመልክተናል፡፡ በዚህም መሰረት በፍቃዱ መብቱ ተከብሮለት በቀላል ዋስትና እንደሚወጣ ተስፋ እናደርጋለን፡፡ ነገር ግን ይሄን ፅሁፍ ከመቋጨታችን በፊት አሁን በፍቃዱ ተከላከል ስለተባለበት የኢፌዴሪ የወንጀል ሕግ አንቀፅ 257 ትንሽ ነገር ብለን እንጨርስ፡፡<\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n
          የኢትዮጵያ መንግስት ላለፉት ስድስት ዓመታት የፀረ-ሽብርተኝነት ሕጉን አዋጅ ቁጥር 652\/2001 ሃሳብን በነፃነት የመግለፅ መብትን ለመደፍጠጥ እየተጠቀመበት እንደሆነ ከተለያዩ አካላት ትችት እየተሰነዘረበት ይገኛል፡፡ የተለያዩ ጋዜጠኞች እና ፀሃፊዎችም የዚህ አዋጅ ሰለባ መሆናቸው በየቀኑ የምናየው እውነታ ነው፡፡ ነገር ግን ከዚህ አዋጅ ባለፈ በተለይ ከቅርብ ጊዜ ወዲህ መደበኛውን የወንጀል ሕግ እንደገና ወደመጠቀሙ ያዘነበለ ይመስላል፡፡ ዋነኛው የህግ አንቀፅ ደግሞ የኢፌዴሪ የወንጀል ሕግ አንቀፅ 257 ነው፡፡<\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n
          ይህ የሕግ አንቀፅ ተጠቅሶ ነው ጋዜጠኛ ተመስገን ደሳለኝ ላይ የሶስት አመት እስራት የተፈረደበት (ጥቅምት 2007)፣ይህ የሕግ አንቀፅ ተጠቅሶ ነው ማስተዋል አሳታሚ ድርጅት የአስር ሺህ ብር  የገንዘብ ቅጣት ተቀጥቶ የተዘጋው ፣ ይህ የሕግ አንቀፅ ተጠቅሶ ነው የአዲስ ጉዳይ መፅሄት ስራ አስኪያጅ እና ጋዜጠኛ እንዳልካቸው ተስፋዬ ላይ የሶስት ዓመት ከሶስት ወራት እስራት የተፈረደበት (መስከረም 2007)፣ ይህ የሕግ አንቀፅ ተጠቅሶ ነው የሎሚ መፅሄት ዋና ስራ አስኪያጅና ጋዜጠኛ ግዛው ታየ ላይ የሶስት ዓመት ከሶስት ወራትእስራት የተፈረደበት (መስከረም 2007)፣ ይህ የሕግ አንቀፅ ተጠቅሶ ነው የፋክት መፅሄት ስራ አስኪያጅ ፋጡማ ኑሪያ ላይ የሶስትዓመት ከአስራ አንድ ወራት እስራት የተፈረደባት (መስከረም 2007)፣ ይህ የሕግ አንቀፅ ተጠቅሶ ነው የቀድሞው የዕንቁ መፅሄትዋና አዘጋጅና ጋዜጠኛ ኤልያስ ገብሩ ላይ ክስ ተመስርቶበት በአሁኑ ወቅት ክሱን እየተከታተል የሚገኘው … አሁን ደግሞ በፍቃዱ ሃይሉ በፃፋቸው ፅሁፎች ምክንያት ይህ የኢፌዴሪ የወንጀል ሕግ አንቀፅ 257 ተጠቅሶበት ተከላከል ተብሏል፡፡ የበፍቃዱን ከሌሎች ለየትየሚያደርገው በአንቀፁ ቀላል ቅጣት (ከአስር ቀናት እስከ ስድስት ወራት ብቻ) የሚያስከትለው አንቀፅ 257 ንዑስ አንቀፅ ‹ሀ› የተጠቀሰበት መሆኑ ነው፡፡<\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n
          እንግዲህ ይህ የሕግ አንቀፅ ነው የቅርብ ጊዜ ሃሳብን ከመግለፅ ነፃነት ጋር በተያያዘ እየቀረቡ ላሉ ክሶች ዋነኛ መሰረትእየሆነ ያለው፡፡ በፍቃዱ ሃይሉም የቅርቡ አንቀጽ ሰለባ ነው፡፡<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n
          <\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          በፍቃዱ ሃይሉ<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
          Read more ›<\/a><\/div>\n

          <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,22,24],"tags":[16,17,18,19,20,21],"class_list":["post-470459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-amharic","category-amharic-news-2","category-ethiopian-news","tag-amharic","tag-amharic-news","tag-ethiopia","tag-ethiopian-news-in-amharic","tag-ethiopians","tag-news-in-amharic"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/470459","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=470459"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/470459\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=470459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=470459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=470459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}