{"id":314256,"date":"2015-01-03T19:48:00","date_gmt":"2015-01-04T00:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mereja.com\/amharic\/?guid=a940553233838a912ab39ef2442a18e0"},"modified":"2015-01-03T19:48:00","modified_gmt":"2015-01-04T00:48:00","slug":"%e1%88%93%e1%8c%82-%e1%88%99%e1%88%90%e1%88%98%e1%8b%b5-%e1%88%a3%e1%8a%92-%e1%88%90%e1%89%a2%e1%89%a5%e1%8a%95-%e1%88%b5%e1%8a%93%e1%88%b5%e1%89%b3%e1%8b%8d%e1%88%b3%e1%89%b8%e1%8b%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/314256","title":{"rendered":"\u1213\u1302 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u12f5 \u1223\u1292 \u1210\u1262\u1265\u1295 \u1235\u1293\u1235\u1273\u12cd\u1233\u1278\u12cd"},"content":{"rendered":"

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 \u1338\u1210\u134a\u1361 \u12a0\u1348\u1295\u12f2 \u1219\u1270\u1242<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

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——<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n
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——<\/span><\/div>\n
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  <\/span>\u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f2\u1205 \u12db\u122c \u1260\u1218\u133b\u1215\u134d\u1275 \u1218\u1238\u132b \u1231\u1241\u1293 \u1260\u12e8\u123c\u120d\u1349 \u1208\u121e\u1209\u1275 \u12a5\u1235\u120b\u121b\u12ca \u12e8\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u1218\u133b\u1215\u134d\u1275 \u134b\u1293 \u12c8\u130a \u12e8\u1206\u1291\u1275 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u12eb \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u1218\u133b\u1215\u134d\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u1229\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u129b\u1295\u121d \u1260\u120d\u1305\u1290\u1275 \u12d5\u12f5\u121c\u12a0\u127d\u1295 \u12ae\u1275\u12a9\u1270\u12cd \u1260\u121b\u1233\u12f0\u130d \u12e8\u120b\u1240 \u121a\u1293 \u1290\u1260\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
——-<\/span><\/div>\n
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  <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f2\u1205 \u1213\u1302 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u12f5 \u1223\u1292 \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12eb\u1295\u1295 \u12e8\u1241\u122d\u12a3\u1295 \u1275\u122d\u1309\u121d \u12ab\u1260\u1228\u12a8\u1271\u120d\u1295 \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u1265\u122d\u1245\u12ec \u12d1\u1208\u121b\u12a5 \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u1293\u1278\u12cd (\u123c\u12bd \u1230\u12ed\u12f5 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u12f5 \u1233\u12f2\u1245\u121d \u12e8\u1203\u1302 \u1223\u1292\u1295 \u12eb\u1205\u120d \u1275\u120d\u1245 \u1308\u12f5\u120d \u12eb\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u12d3\u120a\u121d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1364 \u12a5\u122d\u1233\u1278\u12cd\u1295\u121d \u12c8\u12f0\u134a\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12d8\u12ad\u122b\u1278\u12cb\u1208\u1295\u1364 \u12a2\u1295\u123b \u12a0\u120b\u1205)\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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 <\/span>\u1213\u1302 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u12f5 \u1223\u1292 \u1210\u1262\u1265 \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1240\u1231\u1260\u1275 \u120c\u120b\u12cd \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12cd \u1218\u1305\u120a\u1235 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1309\u1275 \u1270\u130b\u12f5\u120e \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1295\u1309\u1221 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1218\u1305\u120a\u1235 \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u120d \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u12ed\u1273\u12c8\u1245\u121d(\u201c\u1218\u1305\u120a\u1235\u201d \u12ed\u1245\u122d\u1293 \u12d0\u1228\u134b\u1293 \u12d2\u12f5 \u12a0\u120d\u1348\u1325\u122d\u121d \u12a0\u12ed\u12a8\u1260\u1229\u121d \u1290\u1260\u122d)\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u1219\u1235\u120a\u121e\u127d\u1295 \u1218\u1265\u1275\u1293 \u1325\u1245\u121d \u1260\u130b\u122b \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u1265\u122d \u1270\u124b\u121d \u12a0\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1228\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1219\u1235\u120a\u121e\u127d\u1295 \u12c8\u12ad\u120e \u12e8\u121a\u1293\u1308\u122d\u1363 \u12e8\u1203\u1302\u1293 \u12d1\u121d\u122b \u1309\u12de\u12a0\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1240\u120b\u1325\u134d\u1363 \u1218\u1235\u1302\u12f6\u127d\u1295\u1293 \u12a0\u12cd\u1243\u134d\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1290\u1263\u1293 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f5\u122d \u1270\u124b\u121d \u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u130d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1213\u1302 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u12f5 \u1223\u1292 \u12a8\u120c\u120e\u127d \u12d1\u1208\u121b \u130b\u122d \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1295 \u1219\u1235\u120a\u121e\u127d \u12e8\u122b\u1233\u1278\u12cd \u1270\u124b\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1296\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u1208\u1228\u1305\u121d \u130a\u12dc \u12ed\u121f\u1308\u1271 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12e81966\u1271 \u12a0\u1265\u12ee\u1275 \u1232\u1348\u1290\u12f3 \u1205\u12dd\u1260 \u1219\u1235\u120a\u1219 \u1218\u1265\u1271 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12a8\u1260\u122d\u1208\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u12ed\u1240\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12da\u12eb 20\/1966 \u1273\u120b\u1245 \u1205\u12dd\u1263\u12ca \u1230\u120d\u134d \u12a0\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u1361\u1361 \u1203\u1302 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u12f5 \u1233\u1292 \u1210\u1262\u1265\u121d \u12e8\u1218\u1305\u120a\u1231\u1295 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u12ed\u12d8\u12cd \u12a8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u130b\u122d \u1218\u121f\u1308\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1240\u1320\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a0\u120b\u1205 \u1348\u1243\u12f5 \u1275\u130d\u1209 \u1230\u121d\u122e \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12a5\u1235\u120d\u121d\u1293 \u1309\u12f3\u12ee\u127d \u1320\u1245\u120b\u12ed \u121d\u12ad\u122d \u1264\u1275 \u1260\u1265\u1204\u122b\u12ca \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u1270\u124b\u124b\u1218\u1361\u1361 \u1213\u1302 \u1223\u1292\u121d \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u1270\u124b\u121d \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u12a5\u1208\u1270 \u121e\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12a8\u1218\u1229\u1275 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12601981 \u12a0\u1228\u1349\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u120b\u1205 \u1235\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12ed\u12cd\u12f0\u12f5\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
—–<\/span><\/div>\n
——<\/span><\/div>\n
Afendi Muteki is a researcher and author of the ethnography and history with special focus on the peoples of East Ethiopia. You may follow him on his blog and his facebook page by clicking the following links<\/span><\/div>\n
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Facebook  <\/span>https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/afendimutekiharar<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
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Blog:  <\/span><\/span>https:\/\/afendimutekiharar.blogspot.com<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
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 ጸሐፊ፡ አፈንዲ ሙተቂ<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

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አንድን መጽሐፍ ከአንድ ጊዜ በላይ የማንበብ ልማድ የለኝም፡፡ አንዳንድ መጻሕፍትን ግን ሃያ፣ ሰላሣ እና አርባ ጊዜ ያህል እየደጋገምኩ አንብቤአቸዋለሁ፡፡ ከነዚያ መጻሕፍትም አንዱ “እስልምና እና የታላቁ ነቢይ የሙሐመድ ታሪክ” የሚል ርዕስ አለው፡፡ ደራሲው ደግሞ በፎቶግራፉ ላይ የምታዩዋቸው ሃጂ ሙሐመድ ሣኒ ሐቢብ ናቸው፡፡ <\/span><\/div>\n
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የሓጂ ሙሐመድ ሣኒን መጽሐፍ ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ ያነበብኩት በታተመበት ዓመት ውስጥ (በ1980) ነው፡፡ መጽሐፉ ከአዕምሮ ሊጠፋ ያልቻለበት አንዱ ምክንያት በልጅነቴ ያነበብኩት መሆኑ ይመስለኛል፡፡ ከዚያ ወዲህም ለበርካታ ጊዜያት አንብቤዋለሁ፡፡ በሀገራችን ውስጥ እስከ 1980ዎቹ አጋማሽ ድረስ እስልምናን በተመለከተ እንደ መጣቀሻ ሆነው ይወሰዱ የነበሩት ከአማርኛው የቅዱስ ቁርኣን በተጨማሪ ይህ የሓጂ ሣኒ መጽሐፍ እና በአቶ አብዱልዋሲዕ መንዲዳ የተጻፈው “መልዕክተ እስላም” ነበሩ (በዘመነ ኃይለ ሥላሤ “ማዕሙን ማሕዲ” የሚባሉ ሰው “ተውሂድና ፊቅህ” የተባለ መጽሐፍ አሳትመው ነበር፤ ሐጂ ሣኒም “የሰላት መማሪያ” የሚባል መጽሐፍ በ1960ዎቹ መጨረሻ ላይ አሳትመዋል፤ ይሁንና እነዚህ ሁለት መጻሕፍት መኖራቸውን የሚያውቁት ጥቂቶች ናቸው)፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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  <\/span>እንግዲህ ዛሬ በመጻሕፍት መሸጫ ሱቁና በየሼልፉ ለሞሉት እስላማዊ የአማርኛ መጻሕፍት ፋና ወጊ የሆኑት እነዚያ ሁለት መጻሕፍት ነበሩ፡፡ እኛንም በልጅነት ዕድሜአችን ኮትኩተው በማሳደግ የላቀ ሚና ነበራቸው፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
——-<\/span><\/div>\n
ሐጂ ሙሐመድ ሣኒ ከዚያች መጽሐፍ በፊት (በ1963) ከሼኽ ሰይድ ሙሐመድ ሳዲቅ ጋር በመሆን ቅዱስ ቁርኣንን ወደ አማርኛ ተርጉመዋል፡፡ ያ የቁርኣን ትርጉም በዚህ ዘመን እየወጡ ካሉት ትርጉሞች በብዙ መልኩ ይለያል፡፡ አንድ ሰው ከቁርኣን ፍቺ ከሚያገኘው መልዕክት በተጨማሪ የዐረብኛ ሰዋስውን ባህሪ ለማወቅ ካሻው ከዚያ የትርጉም ስራ ብዙ ቁም ነገሮችን ይማራል፡፡  <\/span>ለምሳሌ እኔ አፈንዲ በዐረብኛ የሚታወቁትንና በአማርኛ ውስጥ የሌሉትን የአገናዛቢ አጸፋ ተውላጠ ስሞችን አጠቃቀም ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ ያወቅኩት ከዚያ የቁርኣን ትርጉም መሆኑን እመሰክራለሁ፡፡ ለዚህም አንድ አብነት ብቻ ልስጣችሁ፡፡ ዐረብኛው “ዛሊከ” ሲል “ይህ” ማለት ነው፤ ይህንኑ ተውላጠ ስም ወደ ብዙ ቁጥር ስንቀይረው “ዛሊኩም” ይሆናል፤ ይህም በአማርኛ ሲፈታ “ይሃችሁ” እንደማለት ነው፤ በትርጉም ስራው ውስጥም ይህንኑ የተውላጠ ስም አጠቃቀም በደንብ ታያላችሁ)፡፡ <\/span><\/div>\n
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  <\/span>በሌላ በኩል በአማርኛ “አጎት” ከተባለ የእናት ወይም የአባት ወንድም ማለት ነው፡፡ አክስት ከተባለ ደግሞ የእናት ወይም የአባት እህት ማለት ነው፡፡ በእንግሊዝኛም ሁለቱንም አጎቶች uncle እንላቸዋለን፡፡ ሁለቱን አክስቶች aunt ብለን እንጠራቸዋለን፡፡ በዐረብኛ፤ በኦሮምኛ፣ በሀረሪ እና በሶማሊኛ ቋንቋዎች ግን ሁለቱ አጎቶች እና ሁለቱ አክስቶች በተለያዩ ስሞች ነው የሚጠሩት፡፡ በዐረብኛ የእናት ወንድም የሆነው አጎት “ኻል” ነው የሚባለው፡፡ የእናት እህት ደግሞ “ኻላህ” ትባላለች፡፡ የአባት ወንድም “ዓም” የሚባል ሲሆን የአባት እህት “ዓምማህ” ትባላለች፡፡ እንግዲህ ቁርኣን በዐረብኛ የወረደ እንደመሆኑ ሁለቱን አጎቶች በዐረብኛው ስልት “ኻል” እና “ዓም” እያለ ነው የሚጠራቸው፡፡ ሁለቱ ሰዎች በአማርኛ ቋንቋ በአንድ ዘርፍ “አጎት” ተብለው ከተጠሩ የቁርኣን ፍቺ የተዛባ ሊሆን ነው (ለምሳሌ “ኻል” እና “ዓም” እኩል የወራሽነት ድርሻ የላቸውም፤ በመሆኑም ሁለቱ ሰዎች “አጎት” ተብለው ከተጠሩ ይህንን ልዩነት ማስገንዘብ ከባድ ሊሆን ይችላል)፡፡ <\/span><\/div>\n
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እነ ሓጂ ሣኒ ይህንን ክፍተት ለመሙላት “አሪፍ” ቀመር ነው የተጠቀሙት፡፡ ይህም በወሎ ከሚነገረው የደዌ ኦሮምኛ ዘዬ ተጨማሪ ቃላትን መደበር ነው፡፡ በዚህም መሰረት እነ ሓጂ ሣኒ ባሳተሙት የቁርኣን ፍቺ ውስጥ “አጎት” ማለት የአባት ወንድም ብቻ ነው፡፡ የእናት ወንድም ደግሞ “የሹማ” ተብሎ ነው የተጠራው (የደዌ ኦሮሞዎች ናቸው እንዲህ የሚሉት፤ ሌላው ኦሮሞ “ኤሱማ” ነው የሚለው)፡፡ የአባት እህት “አክስት” የተባለች ስትሆን የእናት እህት ደግሞ “የሹሜ” ተብላ ተሰይማለች፡፡ በዚህ ዓይነት ዘዴ የቁርኣኑን የዐረብኛ መልዕክት ያለምንም ችግር ወደ አማርኛው ለመመለስ ተችሏል፡፡ <\/span><\/div>\n
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በቅዱስ ቁርኣኑ ፍቺ ውስጥ አጽንኦት የተሰጠው ሌላው ጉዳይ ደግሞ የድምጾችና የፊደላት ውክልና ነው፡፡ እንደሚታወቀው በዐረብኛና በግዕዝ ቋንቋዎች ውስጥ ያሉ በርካታ ድምጾችን በአማርኛ ውስጥ አናገኛቸውም፡፡ በአማርኛ “አ” እና “ዐ” እየተባለ ቢጻፍም በንባብ ደረጃ ምንም ልዩነት አናደርግባቸውም፡፡ በግዕዝና በትግርኛ ቋንቋዎች ግን ሁለቱ ፊደላት የተለያዩ ድምጾችን ነው የሚወክሉት፡፡ ዐረብኛም “የአንድ ፊደል ለአንድ ድምጽ” መርህን የሚከተል ቋንቋ በመሆኑ በጽሑፍ ጊዜ ጥንቃቄ ይደረጋል፡፡ እነ ሓጂ ሣኒ ቁርአኑን በአማርኛ ሲተረጉሙ በተለይ የተጸውኦ ስሞች በኦሪጂናሌው ድምጽ መጠራት እንዳለበት አምነዋል፡፡ በመሆኑም በትርጉም ስራው ውስጥ ያሉት የተጸውኦ ስሞች ይህንን መርህ በመከተል ነው የተጻፉት፡፡ ለምሳሌ በትርጉሙ ውስጥ “ያሕያ” እንጂ “ያህያ” የሚል ስም አታገኙም (“ሐ” ቀጭኑንና በጉረሮ የሚነገረውን የዐረብኛውን “ሐእ” ነው የሚወክለው፤ ሃሌታው “ሃ” ደግሞ “ዋው” ከተሠኘው የዐረብኛ ፊደል አጠገብ የሚገኘውን ወፍራሙን “ሀ” ነው የሚወክለው)፡፡  <\/span>የመርየም ልጅም “ዒሳ” እንጂ “ኢሳ” ተብሎ አልተጠራም፡፡ “ዒስማኢል”፣ “ኢብራሂም”፣ “አዩብ”፣ “ኢስሓቅ”፣ “ያዕቁብ”፣ ወዘተ… አሁን በጻፍኩት መልኩ ነው የተጠሩት፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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  <\/span>ከዚህ ሌላ እነ ሓጂ ሣኒ በጥንታዊው ዐረብኛ ያሉትን ቃላት ለመጥራት ሲሉ ከየገጠሩ የሰበሰቧቸው ጥንታዊ የአማርኛ ቃላት በጣም ያስድምማሉ፡፡ “ዘለበት”፣ “ቀንዘል”፣ “እንዛዝላ”፣ “ሰርክ”፣ “አጎበር” ወዘተ…. የመሳሰሉ ቃላትን ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ ያወቅኩት ከዚሁ የቅዱስ ቁርኣን ትርጉም ነው፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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  <\/span>አንዳንድ ሰዎች የነ ሐጂ ሣኒ የቁርኣን ትርጉም ይከብደናል ይላሉ፡፡ እነዚህ ሰዎች በመጽሐፉ መጀመሪያ ላይ ያለውን መቅድም ስለማያነቡት ይመስለኛል ፍቺው ከበደን የሚሉት፡፡ መቅድሙን በአትኩሮት ያነበበ ሰው ምንም ግራ የሚገባው አይመስለኝም፡፡ <\/span><\/div>\n
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እንግዲህ ሓጂ ሙሐመድ ሣኒ ማለት ያንን የቁርኣን ትርጉም ካበረከቱልን ሁለት ብርቅዬ ዑለማእ አንዱ ናቸው (ሼኽ ሰይድ ሙሐመድ ሳዲቅም የሃጂ ሣኒን ያህል ትልቅ ገድል ያላቸው ዓሊም ናቸው፤ እርሳቸውንም ወደፊት እንዘክራቸዋለን፤ ኢንሻ አላህ)፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
—–<\/span><\/div>\n
 <\/span>ሓጂ ሙሐመድ ሣኒ ሐቢብ የሚጠቀሱበት ሌላው ታሪክ የኢትዮጵያው መጅሊስ እንዲመሰረት ያደረጉት ተጋድሎ ነበር፡፡ በንጉሡ ዘመን መጅሊስ የሚባል ነገር አይታወቅም(“መጅሊስ” ይቅርና ዐረፋና ዒድ አልፈጥርም አይከበሩም ነበር)፡፡ በመሆኑም የኢትዮጵያዊያን ሙስሊሞችን መብትና ጥቅም በጋራ የሚያስከብር ተቋም አልነበረም፡፡ ሙስሊሞችን ወክሎ የሚናገር፣ የሃጂና ዑምራ ጉዞአቸውን የሚያቀላጥፍ፣ መስጂዶችንና አውቃፍን የሚገነባና የሚያስተዳድር ተቋም ያስፈልግ ነበር፡፡ ሓጂ ሙሐመድ ሣኒ ከሌሎች ዑለማ ጋር በመሆን ሙስሊሞች የራሳቸው ተቋም እንዲኖራቸው ለረጅም ጊዜ ይሟገቱ ነበር፡፡ የ1966ቱ አብዮት ሲፈነዳ ህዝበ ሙስሊሙ መብቱ እንዲከበርለት የሚጠይቀውን የሚያዚያ 20\/1966 ታላቅ ህዝባዊ ሰልፍ አደረገ፡፡ ሃጂ ሙሐመድ ሳኒ ሐቢብም የመጅሊሱን ጉዳይ ይዘው ከመንግሥት ጋር መሟገታቸውን ቀጠሉ፡፡ በአላህ ፈቃድ ትግሉ ሰምሮ የኢትዮጵያ እስልምና ጉዳዮች ጠቅላይ ምክር ቤት በብሄራዊ ደረጃ ተቋቋመ፡፡ ሓጂ ሣኒም ይህንን ተቋም እስከ እለተ ሞታቸው ከመሩት በኋላ በ1981 አረፉ፡፡ አላህ ስራቸውን ይውደድላቸው፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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Afendi Muteki is a researcher and author of the ethnography and history with special focus on the peoples of East Ethiopia. You may follow him on his blog and his facebook page by clicking the following links<\/span><\/div>\n
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Facebook  <\/span>https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/afendimutekiharar<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
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Blog:  <\/span><\/span>https:\/\/afendimutekiharar.blogspot.com<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
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