{"id":303851,"date":"2014-12-19T18:59:00","date_gmt":"2014-12-19T23:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mereja.com\/amharic\/?guid=a22a7845719b95e8aa46378db206dd81"},"modified":"2014-12-19T18:59:00","modified_gmt":"2014-12-19T23:59:00","slug":"%e1%8a%a0%e1%88%9d%e1%88%ad-%e1%8a%a2%e1%89%a5%e1%8a%95-%e1%8a%a3%e1%88%b5-%e1%8a%a5%e1%8a%93-%e1%8d%89%e1%88%b5%e1%8c%a3%e1%8c%a5-%e1%8a%ad%e1%8d%8d%e1%88%8d-%e1%88%81%e1%88%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/303851","title":{"rendered":"\u12a0\u121d\u122d \u12a2\u1265\u1295 \u12a3\u1235 \u12a5\u1293 \u201c\u1349\u1235\u1323\u1325\u201d (\u12ad\u134d\u120d \u1201\u1208\u1275)"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u1338\u1210\u134a\u1361 \u12a0\u1348\u1295\u12f2 \u1219\u1270\u1242<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12e8\u1325\u1295\u1275 \u130d\u1265\u133b\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u120d\u121b\u12f5 \u1290\u1260\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12e8\u12d3\u1218\u1271 \u1246\u1295\u1306 \u120d\u1303\u1308\u1228\u12f5 \u12ed\u1218\u122d\u1321\u1293 \u1208\u12a0\u1263\u12ed \u12c8\u1295\u12dd (\u1292\u120d\/\u1293\u12ed\u120d) \u12ed\u1230\u12cd\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u1228\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u12eb \u130d\u1265\u133b\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u1293\u12ed\u120d \u1260\u12e8\u12d3\u1218\u1271 \u1218\u1235\u12cb\u12d5\u1271\u1295 \u12ab\u120b\u1308\u1298 \u12cd\u1203\u12cd\u1295 \u12ed\u124b\u1325\u122d\u1265\u1293\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u12a5\u121d\u1290\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u121d\u122d \u12a2\u1265\u1295 \u12a3\u1235 \u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271\u1295 \u1260\u12eb\u12d8 \u1260\u1325\u1242\u1275 \u12c8\u122b\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325\u121d \u130d\u1265\u133b\u12ca\u12eb\u1291 \u1208\u12c8\u1295\u12d9 \u1218\u1235\u12cb\u12a5\u1271\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u1245\u1228\u1265 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1348\u120d\u1309 \u1290\u1308\u1229\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u121d\u122d \u1309\u12f3\u12e9\u1295 \u1208\u1265\u127b\u12cd \u1208\u1218\u12c8\u1230\u1295 \u1263\u1208\u1218\u127b\u1209 \u1208\u12b8\u120a\u134b\u12cd \u12d1\u1218\u122d \u1262\u1295 \u12b8\u1323\u1265 \u12f0\u1265\u12f3\u1264 \u1260\u1218\u133b\u134d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1309 \u1320\u12e8\u1243\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12d1\u1218\u122d\u121d \u201c\u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12a2\u1230\u1265\u12a0\u12ca \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u12f5\u122d\u130a\u1275 \u1218\u12a8\u12c8\u1295 \u1260\u132d\u122b\u123d \u12a0\u12ed\u1348\u1240\u12f5\u121d\u201d \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12cd\u1233\u1294\u12eb\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a0\u1233\u12c8\u1241\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u121d\u122d\u121d \u1208\u130d\u1265\u133b\u12ca\u12eb\u1291 \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1291 \u1290\u1308\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u1208\u1293\u12ed\u120d \u12c8\u1295\u12dd \u120d\u1303\u1308\u1228\u12f5 \u12e8\u1218\u1230\u12cb\u1271 \u12f5\u122d\u130a\u1275 \u1270\u12a8\u1208\u12a8\u1208\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u1273\u12f2\u12eb \u1260\u12da\u12eb \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u12e8\u1293\u12ed\u120d \u12c8\u1295\u12dd \u134d\u1230\u1275 \u1260\u1323\u121d \u1240\u1290\u1230\u1361\u1361 \u130d\u1265\u133b\u12ca\u12eb\u1291\u121d \u1260\u1270\u1348\u1320\u1228\u12cd \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u1270\u1328\u1290\u1241\u1361\u1361 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a0\u121d\u122d \u1260\u1218\u1204\u12f5\u121d \u201c\u12c8\u1295\u12d9 \u134d\u1230\u1271\u1295 \u12e8\u1240\u1290\u1230\u12cd \u12e8\u12d3\u1218\u1271\u1295 \u1218\u1235\u12cb\u12a5\u1275 \u1235\u120b\u120b\u1308\u1298 \u1290\u12cd\u1364 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205 \u120d\u1305\u1277\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f5\u1295\u1230\u12cb\u1208\u1275 \u12ed\u1348\u1240\u12f5\u120d\u1295\u201d  <\/span>\u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12c8\u1320\u1229\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u121d\u122d\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1320\u1228\u12cd\u1295 \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u1208\u12b8\u120a\u134b \u12d1\u1218\u122d \u1260\u12f0\u1265\u12f3\u1264 \u12a0\u1233\u12c8\u1243\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1201\u1295\u1293 \u12b8\u120a\u134b\u12cd \u12a0\u124b\u121b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1240\u12ed\u1229 \u12a0\u120d\u1206\u1291\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u121a\u12a8\u1270\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1218\u120d\u12d5\u12ad\u1275 \u1260\u12f0\u1265\u12f3\u1264 \u12a0\u1235\u133b\u1349\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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  <\/span>\u201c\u12ed\u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u12e8\u12a0\u120b\u1205 \u134d\u1325\u1228\u1275 \u1208\u1206\u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u1293\u12ed\u120d \u12c8\u1295\u12dd! \u1260\u12a0\u120b\u1205 \u1348\u1243\u12f5 \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1348\u1235 \u12a8\u1206\u1290 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12f5\u122e\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f5\u1275\u1348\u1235\u120d\u1295 \u12a0\u120b\u1205\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u1208\u121d\u1293\u1208\u1295\u1364 \u1260\u122b\u1235\u1205 \u1348\u1243\u12f5 \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1348\u1235 \u12a8\u1206\u1290 \u130d\u1295 \u12cd\u1203\u1205\u1295 \u1218\u12eb\u12dd \u1275\u127d\u120b\u1208\u1205\u1364 \u12a5\u129b\u121d \u12a0\u1295\u1348\u120d\u130d\u1205\u121d\u1361\u1361\u201d<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12d1\u1218\u122d \u12f0\u1265\u12f3\u1264\u12cd\u1295 \u1208\u12a0\u121d\u122d \u1260\u1218\u120b\u12ad \u1260\u12c8\u1295\u12d9 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1328\u121d\u1228\u12cd \u12a0\u12d8\u12d9\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u121d\u122d\u121d \u130d\u1265\u133b\u12ca\u12eb\u1291\u1295 \u1230\u1265\u1235\u1266 \u1218\u120d\u12d5\u12ad\u1271\u1295 \u12a0\u1290\u1260\u1260\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u1293 \u12b8\u120a\u134b\u12cd \u12eb\u12d8\u12d9\u1275\u1295 \u1348\u1338\u1218\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1275\u1295\u123d \u12c8\u122b\u1275 \u1260\u128b\u120b\u121d \u1293\u12ed\u120d \u1260\u1219\u1209 \u12a0\u1245\u1219 \u1218\u134d\u1230\u1235 \u1300\u1218\u1228\u1361\u1361 \u130d\u1265\u133b\u12ca\u12eb\u1291\u121d \u12c8\u1295\u12d9 \u1260\u122b\u1231 \u1203\u12ed\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121b\u12ed\u1348\u1235 \u1260\u121b\u1228\u130b\u1308\u1325 \u12a8\u1348\u122d\u12d6\u1296\u127d \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1300\u121d\u122e \u1232\u1348\u133d\u1219\u1275 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u1295 \u12a0\u1309\u120d \u12f5\u122d\u130a\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u12c8\u1308\u12f1\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u1260\u12da\u12eb \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u130d\u1265\u133d \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a5\u1235\u12ad\u1295\u12f5\u122d\u12eb \u1290\u1260\u1228\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1235\u12ad\u1295\u12f5\u122d\u12eb \u1260\u1263\u1205\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1246\u1228\u1246\u1228\u127d \u1218\u1206\u1297 \u12ed\u1273\u12c8\u1243\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u122e\u121b\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u1260\u1263\u1205\u122d \u1260\u1218\u121d\u1323\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb\u1295 \u1260\u12f5\u1295\u1308\u1270\u129b \u1325\u1243\u1275 \u120a\u12eb\u1320\u134f\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u127d\u1209 \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1290\u12d8\u1260\u12cd \u12a0\u121d\u122d \u1262\u1295 \u12a3\u1235 \u1260\u12cd\u1235\u1320\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u1218\u12f2\u1293 \u1208\u1218\u1246\u122d\u1246\u122d \u12c8\u1230\u1290\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u1228\u1320\u12cd \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a8\u12a5\u1235\u12ad\u1295\u12f5\u122d\u12eb \u1260200 \u12aa.\u121c. \u12e8\u121a\u122d\u1245 \u1266\u1273 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u121d\u122d\u121d \u12a0\u12f2\u1237\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1260641 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1270\u1361\u1361 \u1218\u1235\u130a\u12f5\u1363 \u1208\u1262\u122e \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u1309 \u1264\u1276\u127d\u1363 \u1218\u1296\u122a\u12eb \u1264\u1276\u127d\u1363 \u12e8\u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122e\u127d \u12ab\u121d\u1355 \u12c8\u12d8\u1270 \u1260\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1270\u1230\u1229\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb\u121d \u201c\u1349\u1235\u1323\u1325\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1235\u121d \u1270\u1230\u1320\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u1349\u1235\u1323\u1325 \u1260\u1293\u12ed\u120d \u12c8\u1295\u12dd \u121d\u1235\u122b\u1243\u12ca \u12f3\u122d\u127b \u120b\u12ed \u1260\u1290\u1260\u1228\u127d\u12cd \u1260\u122e\u121b\u12ca\u12eb\u1291 \u12e8\u201c\u1263\u1262\u120e\u1295\u201d \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u130e\u1295 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u1230\u1218\u1228\u1270\u127d\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205\u127d \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1208\u1236\u1235\u1275 \u1218\u1276 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12e8\u130d\u1265\u133d \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120b\u1208\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1290\u12da\u12eb \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1260\u1219\u1235\u120a\u121e\u127d \u12e8\u12ba\u120b\u134b \u130d\u12db\u1275 \u130d\u1295\u1263\u122d \u1240\u12f0\u121d \u12a8\u1206\u1291 \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u1295\u130d\u12f5 \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120b\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u12f7 \u1290\u1260\u1228\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a5\u1235\u120d\u121d\u1293 \u1235\u1290-\u1218\u1208\u12ae\u1275 \u1205\u130d (\u134a\u1245\u1205) \u120a\u1245\u1293 \u12e8\u123b\u134a\u12d2\u12eb \u1218\u12dd\u1210\u1265 \u1218\u1235\u122b\u127d \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u1273\u120b\u1241 \u121d\u1201\u122d \u1219\u1210\u1218\u12f5 \u12a2\u1265\u1295 \u12a2\u12f5\u122a\u1235 \u12a0\u123d-\u123b\u134a\u12d2 \u1260\u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b \u12e8\u1205\u12ed\u12c8\u1275 \u12d8\u1218\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1296\u1229\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u121e\u1271\u1275 \u1260\u12da\u1205\u127d \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1273\u12cb\u1242\u12cd \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u121d\u1201\u122d \u12d3\u120a \u12a2\u1265\u1295 \u1201\u1234\u12ed\u1295 \u12a0\u120d-\u1218\u1235\u12d1\u12f2\u121d \u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd\u1295 \u1205\u12ed\u12c8\u1271\u1295 \u12eb\u1233\u1208\u1348\u12cd\u1293 \u121e\u1276 \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u1260\u1349\u1235\u1323\u1325 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
       <\/span>*****<\/span><\/div>\n
\u1260910 \u1308\u12f0\u121b \u1260\u121d\u12f5\u1228-\u130d\u1265\u133d \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1270\u12cd \u12e8\u134b\u1322\u121a\u12ed \u1235\u122d\u12c8 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 (Fatimid Dynasty) \u1218\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u1349\u1235\u1323\u1325\u1295 \u12a0\u120d\u12c8\u12f0\u12f7\u1275\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u201c\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u1245\u122d\u133d \u1262\u1235 \u1235\u1208\u1206\u1290\u127d \u12cd\u1265 \u1355\u120b\u1295 \u12eb\u120b\u1275 \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u120a\u1296\u1228\u1295 \u12ed\u1308\u1263\u120d\u201d \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1260967 \u12a8\u1349\u1235\u1323\u1325 \u1260\u1235\u1270\u1230\u121c\u1295 30 \u12aa\u120e\u121c\u1275\u122d \u12eb\u1205\u120d \u1260\u121a\u122d\u1245 \u1266\u1273 \u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1271\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12a0\u12f2\u1237 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u121d \u201c\u12a0\u120d-\u1243\u1202\u122b (Cairo) \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1235\u121d \u1230\u1321\u1361\u1361 \u1349\u1235\u1323\u1325\u121d \u12dd\u1293\u12cb\u1295\u1293 \u12a5\u12cd\u1245\u1293\u12cb\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u12f2\u1237 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1270\u1240\u121b\u127d\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12eb\u121d \u1262\u1206\u1295 \u130d\u1295 \u1349\u1235\u1323\u1325 \u12e8\u1295\u130d\u12f5 \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120d \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1295 \u1218\u1235\u122b\u1277\u1295 \u1240\u1325\u120b\u1208\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12da\u1205\u121d \u12e8\u1228\u12f7\u1275 \u1260\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u1270\u1235\u134b\u134d\u1270\u12cd \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u12e8\u1218\u1235\u1270\u12cb\u1275\u1363\u12e8\u120d\u1265\u1235\u1293 \u12e8\u1238\u12ad\u120b \u1235\u122b \u12a2\u1295\u12f1\u1235\u1275\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12601168 \u12e8\u1218\u1235\u1240\u120d \u1326\u1228\u129e\u127d (Crusaders) \u130d\u1265\u133d\u1295 \u1232\u12c8\u1229 \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb\u1295 \u1205\u120d\u12cd\u1293 \u12e8\u121a\u1348\u1273\u1270\u1295 \u12a0\u12f0\u130b \u1270\u12f0\u1240\u1290\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u120c\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u1208\u129b \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u12e8\u1218\u12a8\u120b\u12a8\u12eb \u130d\u1295\u1265 \u12a0\u120d\u1290\u1260\u122b\u1275\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u130d\u1265\u133d \u1218\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u1260\u1326\u1228\u129e\u1279 \u12a5\u1305 \u12a8\u121d\u1275\u12c8\u12f5\u1245 \u1265\u1275\u1243\u1320\u120d \u12ed\u123b\u120b\u120d \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cb\u122a\u127f\u1295 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12ab\u12ed\u122e \u12ab\u12d8\u12cb\u12c8\u1229 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12e8\u12a0\u121d\u122d \u1262\u1295 \u12a3\u1235 \u1218\u1235\u130a\u12f5 \u12ab\u1208\u1260\u1275 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u1260\u1235\u1270\u1240\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1228\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb\u1295 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u12a0\u1243\u1320\u1209\u1275\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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    <\/span>\u12a8\u1325\u1242\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u130d\u1295 \u1349\u1235\u1323\u1325 \u1260\u12a5\u12c9\u1241 \u12e8\u1326\u122d \u1300\u130d\u1293 \u1260\u1230\u120b\u1203\u12f2\u1295 \u12a0\u12e9\u1262 \u1275\u12d5\u12db\u12dd \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1308\u1293 \u12a0\u1295\u1230\u122b\u122d\u1273\u1208\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u1206\u1296\u121d \u1230\u120b\u1203\u12f2\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u1208\u1265\u127b\u12cb \u12a5\u1295\u12f5\u1275\u1313\u12dd \u12a0\u120d\u1348\u1208\u1308\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12ad\u1349\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u1260\u12f0\u1309 \u12a8\u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u130b\u122d \u1218\u1204\u12f5 \u12a0\u1208\u1263\u1275 \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a8\u12ab\u12ed\u122e \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u130b\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f5\u1275\u12cb\u1203\u12f5 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1271\u1295 \u1323\u1208\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u1325\u1295\u1275 \u1208\u1265\u127b\u12cb \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u1218\u127d\u12cd \u1349\u1235\u1323\u1325 \u12a5\u12eb\u12f0\u122d \u1260\u12a0\u12f2\u1237 \u12e8\u12ab\u12ed\u122e \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1270\u12cb\u1320\u127d\u1361\u1361 <\/span><\/div>\n
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  <\/span>\u201c\u1349\u1235\u1323\u1325\u201d \u1260\u12a0\u1201\u1291 \u130a\u12dc \u201c\u1218\u1235\u122d \u12a0\u120d-\u12a0\u1322\u1243\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u12ab\u12ed\u122e \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1325\u1295\u1273\u12ca \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u12a0\u12ab\u120d \u1293\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1325\u1295\u1271 \u12e8\u12a0\u121d\u122d \u1262\u1295 \u12a3\u1235 \u1218\u1235\u130a\u12f5 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12ab\u12ed\u122e \u120a\u1308\u1263 \u12e8\u127b\u1208\u12cd\u121d \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u1260\u12ab\u12ed\u122e \u1260\u1218\u1320\u1245\u1208\u120f \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 <\/span><\/div>\n
—–<\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a0\u1348\u1295\u12f2 \u1219\u1270\u1242<\/span><\/div>\n
\u1205\u12f3\u122d 4\/2007<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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ጸሐፊ፡ አፈንዲ ሙተቂ<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
—–<\/span><\/div>\n
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የጥንት ግብጻዊያን አንድ ልማድ ነበራቸው፡፡ በየዓመቱ ቆንጆ ልጃገረድ ይመርጡና ለአባይ ወንዝ (ኒል\/ናይል) ይሰውለት ነበረ፡፡ እነዚያ ግብጻዊያን ናይል በየዓመቱ መስዋዕቱን ካላገኘ ውሃውን ይቋጥርብናል የሚል እምነት ነበራቸው፡፡ አምር ኢብን ኣስ ሀገሪቱን በያዘ በጥቂት ወራት ውስጥም ግብጻዊያኑ ለወንዙ መስዋእቱን ለማቅረብ እንደሚፈልጉ ነገሩት፡፡ አምር ጉዳዩን ለብቻው ለመወሰን ባለመቻሉ ለኸሊፋው ዑመር ቢን ኸጣብ ደብዳቤ በመጻፍ አንድ ነገር እንዲያደርጉ ጠየቃቸው፡፡ ዑመርም “እንዲህ ዓይነት ኢሰብአዊ የሆነ ድርጊት መከወን በጭራሽ አይፈቀድም” በማለት ውሳኔያቸውን አሳወቁት፡፡ አምርም ለግብጻዊያኑ ይህንኑ ነገራቸው፡፡ በመሆኑም ለናይል ወንዝ ልጃገረድ የመሰዋቱ ድርጊት ተከለከለ፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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ታዲያ በዚያ ዓመት የናይል ወንዝ ፍሰት በጣም ቀነሰ፡፡ ግብጻዊያኑም በተፈጠረው ሁኔታ ተጨነቁ፡፡ ወደ አምር በመሄድም “ወንዙ ፍሰቱን የቀነሰው የዓመቱን መስዋእት ስላላገኘ ነው፤ ስለዚህ ልጅቷን እንድንሰዋለት ይፈቀድልን”  <\/span>በማለት ወጠሩት፡፡ አምርም የተፈጠረውን ሁኔታ ለኸሊፋ ዑመር በደብዳቤ አሳወቃቸው፡፡ ይሁንና ኸሊፋው አቋማቸውን የሚቀይሩ አልሆኑም፡፡ ስለዚህ የሚከተለውን መልዕክት በደብዳቤ አስጻፉ፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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  <\/span>“ይድረስ የአላህ ፍጥረት ለሆነው የናይል ወንዝ! በአላህ ፈቃድ የምትፈስ ከሆነ እንደ ድሮው እንድትፈስልን አላህን እንለምናለን፤ በራስህ ፈቃድ የምትፈስ ከሆነ ግን ውሃህን መያዝ ትችላለህ፤ እኛም አንፈልግህም፡፡”<\/span><\/div>\n
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ዑመር ደብዳቤውን ለአምር በመላክ በወንዙ ውስጥ እንዲጨምረው አዘዙት፡፡ አምርም ግብጻዊያኑን ሰብስቦ መልዕክቱን አነበበላቸውና ኸሊፋው ያዘዙትን ፈጸመ፡፡ ከትንሽ ወራት በኋላም ናይል በሙሉ አቅሙ መፍሰስ ጀመረ፡፡ ግብጻዊያኑም ወንዙ በራሱ ሃይል እንደማይፈስ በማረጋገጥ ከፈርዖኖች ዘመን ጀምሮ ሲፈጽሙት የነበረውን አጉል ድርጊት አስወገዱ፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
       <\/span>*****<\/span><\/div>\n
በዚያ ዘመን የግብጽ ዋና ከተማ እስክንድርያ ነበረች፡፡ እስክንድርያ በባህር ላይ የተቆረቆረች መሆኗ ይታወቃል፡፡ በመሆኑም ሮማዊያን በባህር በመምጣት ከተማዋን በድንገተኛ ጥቃት ሊያጠፏት እንደሚችሉ የተገነዘበው አምር ቢን ኣስ በውስጠኛው የሀገሪቱ ክፍል አዲስ መዲና ለመቆርቆር ወሰነ፡፡ ለዚህ የተመረጠው ደግሞ ከእስክንድርያ በ200 ኪ.ሜ. የሚርቅ ቦታ ነው፡፡ አምርም አዲሷን ከተማ በ641 መሰረተ፡፡ መስጊድ፣ ለቢሮ የሚያስፈልጉ ቤቶች፣ መኖሪያ ቤቶች፣ የወታደሮች ካምፕ ወዘተ በከተማዋ ውስጥ ተሰሩ፡፡ ለከተማዋም “ፉስጣጥ” የሚል ስም ተሰጠ፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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ፉስጣጥ በናይል ወንዝ ምስራቃዊ ዳርቻ ላይ በነበረችው በሮማዊያኑ የ“ባቢሎን” ከተማዋ ጎን ነው የተሰመረተችው፡፡ ይህች ከተማ ለሶስት መቶ ዓመታት የግብጽ ዋና ከተማ በመሆን አገልግላለች፡፡ በነዚያ ዓመታት በሙስሊሞች የኺላፋ ግዛት ግንባር ቀደም ከሆኑ የትምህርትና የንግድ ማዕከላት አንዷ ነበረች፡፡ የእስልምና ስነ-መለኮት ህግ (ፊቅህ) ሊቅና የሻፊዒያ መዝሐብ መስራች የነበሩት ታላቁ ምሁር ሙሐመድ ኢብን ኢድሪስ አሽ-ሻፊዒ በመጨረሻ የህይወት ዘመናቸው የኖሩትና የሞቱት በዚህች ከተማ ነው፡፡ ታዋቂው የታሪክ ምሁር ዓሊ ኢብን ሁሴይን አል-መስዑዲም አብዛኛውን ህይወቱን ያሳለፈውና ሞቶ የተቀበረው በፉስጣጥ ነው፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
       <\/span>*****<\/span><\/div>\n
በ910 ገደማ በምድረ-ግብጽ የተመሰረተው የፋጢሚይ ስርወ መንግሥት (Fatimid Dynasty) መሪዎች ፉስጣጥን አልወደዷትም፡፡ “ከተማዋ ቅርጽ ቢስ ስለሆነች ውብ ፕላን ያላት ዋና ከተማ ሊኖረን ይገባል” በማለት በ967 ከፉስጣጥ በስተሰሜን 30 ኪሎሜትር ያህል በሚርቅ ቦታ ላይ አዲስ ዋና ከተማ መሰረቱ፡፡ ለአዲሷ ከተማም “አል-ቃሂራ (Cairo) የሚል ስም ሰጡ፡፡ ፉስጣጥም ዝናዋንና እውቅናዋን በአዲሷ ከተማ ተቀማች፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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ያም ቢሆን ግን ፉስጣጥ የንግድ ማዕከል በመሆን መስራቷን ቀጥላለች፡፡ ለዚህም የረዷት በከተማዋ ተስፋፍተው የነበሩት የመስተዋት፣የልብስና የሸክላ ስራ ኢንዱስትሪዎች ናቸው፡፡ በ1168 የመስቀል ጦረኞች (Crusaders) ግብጽን ሲወሩ የከተማዋን ህልውና የሚፈታተን አደጋ ተደቀነ፡፡ ከተማዋ እንደሌሎች የመካከለኛ ዘመን ከተሞች የመከላከያ ግንብ አልነበራትም፡፡ ስለዚህ የግብጽ መሪዎች ከተማዋ በጦረኞቹ እጅ ከምትወድቅ ብትቃጠል ይሻላል በማለት ነዋሪቿን ወደ ካይሮ ካዘዋወሩ በኋላ የአምር ቢን ኣስ መስጊድ ካለበት ክፍል በስተቀር የተቀረውን የከተማዋን ክፍል አቃጠሉት፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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    <\/span>ከጥቂት ዓመታት በኋላ ግን ፉስጣጥ በእዉቁ የጦር ጀግና በሰላሃዲን አዩቢ ትዕዛዝ መሰረት እንደገና አንሰራርታለች፡፡ ሆኖም ሰላሃዲን ከተማዋ ለብቻዋ እንድትጓዝ አልፈለገም፡፡ በክፉም ሆነ በደጉ ከዋና ከተማዋ ጋር መሄድ አለባት በማለት ከካይሮ ከተማ ጋር እንድትዋሃድ መሰረቱን ጣለ፡፡ በመሆኑም ጥንት ለብቻዋ የከተመችው ፉስጣጥ እያደር በአዲሷ የካይሮ ከተማ ተዋጠች፡፡ <\/span><\/div>\n
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  <\/span>“ፉስጣጥ” በአሁኑ ጊዜ “መስር አል-አጢቃ” የሚባለው የካይሮ ከተማ ጥንታዊ ክፍል አካል ናት፡፡ የጥንቱ የአምር ቢን ኣስ መስጊድ ወደ ካይሮ ሊገባ የቻለውም ከተማዋ በካይሮ በመጠቅለሏ ነው፡፡ <\/span><\/div>\n
—–<\/span><\/div>\n
አፈንዲ ሙተቂ<\/span><\/div>\n
ህዳር 4\/2007<\/span><\/div>\n
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Read more ›<\/a><\/div>\n

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