{"id":301698,"date":"2014-12-15T18:09:00","date_gmt":"2014-12-15T23:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mereja.com\/amharic\/?guid=0f089ebc978b09c0658102a867abf2d8"},"modified":"2014-12-15T18:09:00","modified_gmt":"2014-12-15T23:09:00","slug":"%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a2%e1%89%b5%e1%8b%ae%e1%8c%b5%e1%8b%ab-%e1%8a%a0%e1%89%a5%e1%8b%ab%e1%89%b0-%e1%8a%ad%e1%88%ad%e1%88%b5%e1%89%b2%e1%8b%ab%e1%8a%93%e1%89%b5%e1%8a%95-%e1%89%a0%e1%8c%a8%e1%88%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/301698","title":{"rendered":"\u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12a0\u1265\u12eb\u1270 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1293\u1275\u1295 \u1260\u1328\u1228\u134d\u1273"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u1338\u1210\u134a\u1361 \u12a0\u1348\u1295\u12f2 \u1219\u1270\u1242<\/span><\/div>\n
—-<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/a>\u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12a6\u122d\u1276\u12f6\u12ad\u1235 \u1270\u12cb\u1215\u12f6 \u12a0\u1265\u12eb\u1270 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1293\u1275 \u1232\u1320\u1240\u1231 \u1260\u1245\u12f5\u121a\u12eb \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u12c8\u1231\u1275 \u1260\u120b\u1235\u1273 \u12a0\u12cd\u122b\u1303\u1363 \u1260\u201c\u122e\u1203\u201d (\u120b\u120a\u1260\u120b) \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a0\u1320\u1308\u1265 \u12a8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5-\u12c8\u1325 \u12f5\u1295\u130b\u12ed \u1270\u1348\u120d\u134d\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u1230\u1229\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u122b \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1264\u1270 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1293\u1275 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a0\u1235\u122b \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u1264\u1270 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1293\u1275 \u1235\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u12a8\u1270\u1208\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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1.      <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u1264\u1270 \u1218\u12f5\u1283\u1292-\u12d3\u1208\u121d<\/span><\/div>\n
2.     <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u1264\u1270 \u121b\u122d\u12eb\u121d<\/span><\/div>\n
3.     <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u1264\u1270 \u12f0\u1293\u130d\u120d<\/span><\/div>\n
4.     <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u1264\u1270 \u1218\u1235\u1240\u120d<\/span><\/div>\n
5.     <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u1264\u1270 \u121a\u12ab\u12a4\u120d<\/span><\/div>\n
6.     <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u1264\u1270 \u130e\u1208\u130e\u1273<\/span><\/div>\n
7.     <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u1264\u1270 \u12a0\u121b\u1291\u12a4\u120d<\/span><\/div>\n
8.     <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u1264\u1270 \u1308\u1265\u122d\u12a4\u120d<\/span><\/div>\n
9.     <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u1264\u1270 \u12a0\u1263 \u120a\u1263\u1296\u1235<\/span><\/div>\n
10.    <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u1264\u1270 \u1218\u122d\u1246\u122c\u12ce\u1235<\/span><\/div>\n
11.     <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u1264\u1270 \u130a\u12ee\u122d\u130a\u1235<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u1265\u12eb\u1270 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1293\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1299\u1275 \u1260\u1226\u1225\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u1235\u134d\u122b\u12ce\u127d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u1279 \u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1271 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1235\u134d\u122b\u1363 \u1270\u12a8\u1273\u12ee\u1279 \u12a0\u122b\u1271\u121d \u1260\u120c\u120b \u1235\u134d\u122b \u120b\u12ed \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u1230\u1229\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1264\u1270 \u130a\u12ee\u122d\u130a\u1235 \u130d\u1295 \u12a8\u1201\u1209\u121d \u1270\u1290\u1325\u120e \u1208\u1265\u127b\u12cd \u1246\u121f\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12a0\u1265\u12eb\u1270 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1293\u1271 <\/span>\u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1275\u120d\u1241 \u201c\u1264\u1270 \u1218\u12f5\u1283\u1292-\u12d3\u1208\u121d\u201d \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u12aa\u1290-\u1205\u1295\u133b\u12cd\u1293 \u1260\u12f2\u12db\u12ed\u1291 \u1260\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12d9\u122a\u12eb \u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u1290\u1240\u12cd \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u1235\u1240\u120d \u1245\u122d\u133d \u12e8\u1270\u1230\u122b\u12cd \u201c\u1264\u1270 \u130a\u12ee\u122d\u130a\u1235\u201d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 <\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205\u1295 \u1264\u1270 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1293\u1275 \u12eb\u1233\u1290\u1338\u12cd \u12a81181-1221 \u12e8\u1290\u1308\u1220\u12cd \u12e8\u12db\u130d\u12cc\u12cd \u1295\u1309\u1225 \u1308\u1265\u1228 \u1218\u1235\u1240\u120d \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u12ed\u1205 \u1295\u1309\u1225 \u1260\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u121d\u12d5\u122b\u134e\u127d \u1260\u12f0\u1295\u1265 \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u12c8\u1240\u12cd \u201c\u120b\u120a\u1260\u120b\u201d \u1260\u121a\u120d \u1235\u121d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12a6\u122d\u1276\u12f6\u12ad\u1235 \u1270\u12cb\u1215\u12f6 \u1264\u1270-\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295 \u1208\u1295\u1309\u1225 \u120b\u120a\u1260\u120b \u12e8\u1245\u12f5\u1235\u1293 \u121b\u12d5\u1228\u130d \u1218\u1235\u1320\u1277 \u12ed\u1273\u12c8\u1243\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275\u1363 \u12e8\u1233\u12ed\u1295\u1235\u1293 \u12e8\u1263\u1205\u120d \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1275 (UNESCO) \u1260\u1260\u12a9\u1209 \u12e8\u120b\u120a\u1260\u120b \u12a0\u1265\u12eb\u1270 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1293\u1275\u1295 \u1260\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u1245\u122d\u1235\u1290\u1275 \u1218\u12dd\u1308\u1266\u12a0\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
       <\/span>*****<\/span><\/div>\n
\u1260\u12a6\u122d\u1276\u12f6\u12ad\u1235 \u1270\u12cb\u1215\u12f6 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u12f0\u1295\u1265\u1293 \u1275\u12cd\u134a\u1275 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1264\u1270-\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u1290\u1338\u12cd \u1226\u1225\u1275 \u12ad\u134d\u120e\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1296\u1229\u1275 \u1270\u12f0\u122d\u130e \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u201c\u1218\u1245\u12f0\u1235\u201d \u1270\u1265\u120e \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u122b \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u1273\u1266\u1275 (\u133d\u120b\u1275) \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1240\u1218\u1320\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1245\u12f0\u1231 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1308\u1261 \u12e8\u121a\u1348\u1245\u12f5\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u121d \u12ab\u1205\u1293\u1275 \u1265\u127b \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u201c\u1245\u12f5\u1235\u1275\u201d \u12ed\u1263\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u201c\u1235\u130b \u12c8\u12f0\u1219\u201d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1348\u1338\u1218\u12cd \u1260\u12da\u1205\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1236\u1235\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u201c\u1245\u1294 \u121b\u1205\u120c\u1275\u201d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12c8\u1308\u1295 \u12f0\u1265\u1270\u122e\u127d \u12ed\u12d8\u121d\u122b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u120c\u120b \u12c8\u1308\u1295 \u1240\u1233\u12cd\u1235\u1275 \u1230\u12d3\u1273\u1275 \u12ed\u1246\u121b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12c8\u12f0 \u1264\u1270 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1291 \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u1321\u1275 \u121d\u12a5\u1218\u1293\u1295\u121d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1270 \u1245\u12f3\u1234\u12cd\u1295\u1293 \u120d\u12e9 \u120d\u12e9 \u1235\u1265\u12a8\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12a8\u1273\u1270\u1209\u1275 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 <\/span><\/div>\n
       <\/span>*****<\/span><\/div>\n
\u1260\u12a6\u122d\u1276\u12f6\u12ad\u1235 \u1270\u12cb\u1215\u12f6 \u1264\u1270-\u12ad\u1205\u1290\u1275 \u1235\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u1229\u1275 \u12a0\u1265\u12eb\u1270-\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1293\u1275 \u1260\u1236\u1235\u1275 \u12ed\u12a8\u1348\u120b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1308\u12f3\u121d\u1363 \u12f0\u1265\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u201c\u1308\u1320\u122d\u201d (\u12a0\u1325\u1262\u12eb) \u1260\u1218\u1263\u120d \u12ed\u1273\u12c8\u1243\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u201c\u1308\u12f3\u121d\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u1218\u1290\u12ae\u1233\u1275 \u12a8\u12d3\u1208\u121b\u12ca \u1291\u122e \u1270\u1308\u120d\u1308\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u121d\u1295\u12a9\u1235\u1293 \u1205\u12ed\u12c8\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1229\u1260\u1275 \u1264\u1270-\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u12cd\u1295 \u1308\u12f3\u121d \u12e8\u1246\u1228\u1246\u1229\u1275 \u12605\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u1218\u1321\u1275 \u1236\u122a\u12eb\u12ca\u12cd \u201c\u12a0\u1261\u1290-\u12a0\u1228\u130b\u12ca\u201d \u1232\u1206\u1291 \u1260\u122d\u1233\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u1246\u1228\u1246\u1228\u12cd\u121d \u1260\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1298\u12cd \u12e8\u201c\u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u12f3\u121e\u201d \u1308\u12f3\u121d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u1273\u12cb\u1242 \u1308\u12f3\u121b\u1275 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u201c\u12f0\u1265\u1228-\u120a\u1263\u1296\u1235\u201d (\u1260\u1230\u121c\u1295 \u1238\u12cb\u1363 \u1230\u120b\u120c \u12a0\u12cd\u122b\u1303 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u129d\u1363 \u1260\u12a0\u1235\u122b \u1226\u1225\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1260\u1296\u1229\u1275 \u201c\u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u1270\u12ad\u1208-\u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275\u201d \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1270)\u1363 \u201c\u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u1262\u12d8\u1295\u201d (\u1260\u12f0\u1261\u1265 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u1363 \u1230\u122b\u12ec \u12a0\u12cd\u122b\u1303 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u129d\u1363 \u1260\u12a0\u1235\u122b \u12a0\u122b\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1260\u1296\u1229\u1275 \u201c\u12a0\u1263 \u12a4\u12ce\u1235\u1323\u1274\u12ce\u1235\u201d \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1270)\u1363 \u201c\u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u12c8\u1308\u130d\u201d \u12c8\u12ed\u1295\u121d \u12e8\u201c\u12a0\u1230\u1266\u1275 \u1308\u12f3\u121d\u201d (\u1260\u1200\u1228\u122d\u130c \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u1200\u1308\u122d\u1363 \u1260\u12a0\u1230\u1266\u1275 \u1270\u122b\u122b \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u129d\u1364 \u201c\u12a0\u1263 \u130a\u12ee\u122d\u130a\u1235 \u12d8\u130b\u1235\u132b\u201d \u1260\u1270\u1263\u1209\u1275 \u1273\u12cb\u1242 \u1218\u1290\u12a9\u1234\u1293 \u12e8\u1265\u12d9 \u1218\u133b\u1215\u134d\u1275 \u12f0\u122b\u1232 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1270\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1270 \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u1218\u1295) \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u201c\u12cb\u120d\u12f5\u1263 \u1308\u12f3\u121d\u201d (\u1260\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed\u1293 \u130e\u1295\u12f0\u122d \u12c8\u1230\u1295 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u129d\u1364 \u201c\u12a0\u1263 \u1233\u1219\u12a4\u120d\u201d \u1260\u1270\u1263\u1209 \u1218\u1290\u12a9\u1234 \u1260\u12a0\u1235\u122b \u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1270) \u12e8\u1218\u1233\u1230\u1209\u1275 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1308\u12f3\u121d \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f3\u122a \u12a8\u1218\u1290\u12ae\u1233\u1271 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u1260\u12d5\u12f5\u121c\u12cd\u1363 \u1260\u1235\u1290-\u121d\u130d\u1263\u1229\u1363 \u1260\u12d5\u12cd\u1240\u1271 \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u1308\u12f5\u1209 \u1270\u1218\u122d\u1326 \u201c\u12a0\u1263\u1275\u201d \u1260\u121a\u120d \u121b\u12d5\u1228\u130d \u12ed\u123e\u121b\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u1260\u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1299\u1275 \u12a0\u1265\u12eb\u1270 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1293\u1275 \u201c\u12f0\u1265\u122d\u201d \u12ed\u1263\u120b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205\u129b\u12ce\u1279 \u1260\u122d\u12a8\u1275 \u12eb\u1208 \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u1260\u121a\u1296\u122d\u1260\u1275 \u1235\u134d\u122b \u12e8\u1270\u1230\u1229 \u12a5\u1293 \u1201\u1208\u1308\u1265 \u12e8\u1264\u1270-\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295 \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120e\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u1321 \u12a0\u1265\u12eb\u1270 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1293\u1275 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1246\u12e8\u1275 \u1263\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u12a6\u122d\u1276\u12f6\u12ad\u1235 \u1270\u12cb\u1215\u12f6 \u1275\u12cd\u134a\u1275 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12f0\u1265\u122e\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u1229\u1275 \u1260\u12ae\u1228\u1265\u1273 \u120b\u12ed \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12f0\u1265\u122e\u1279 \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1229\u1275\u121d \u1260\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1245\u12f1\u1235 \u1218\u1206\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u1270\u1218\u1230\u12a8\u1228\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u1240\u12f0\u121d\u1275 \u12e8\u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u12a0\u1263\u1276\u127d\u1363 \u1260\u1230\u121b\u12a5\u1273\u1275\u1293 \u1260\u1218\u120b\u12d5\u12ad\u1275 \u1235\u121d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 <\/span><\/div>\n
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   <\/span>\u12e8\u12f0\u1265\u122d \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f3\u122a \u201c\u12a0\u1208\u1243\u201d \u12ed\u1263\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1206\u1296\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u120b\u130a\u1290\u1271 \u201c\u1295\u1261\u1228 \u12a5\u12f5\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u120a\u1240-\u1235\u120d\u1323\u1293\u1275\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u1218\u120d\u12a0\u12a8 \u1338\u1210\u12ed\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u1218\u120d\u12a0\u12a8 \u1308\u1290\u1275\u201d \u12c8\u12d8\u1270\u2026 \u1260\u1218\u1233\u1230\u1209 \u121b\u12d5\u1228\u130e\u127d\u121d \u120a\u1320\u122b \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f5 \u12f0\u1265\u122e\u127d \u1260\u12e8\u12d3\u1218\u1271 \u12e8\u121a\u12a8\u1293\u12c8\u1291 \u1273\u120b\u120b\u1245 \u12e8\u1295\u130d\u1225 \u1260\u12d3\u120b\u1275\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u1235\u1270\u1293\u1308\u12f5 \u12ed\u1273\u12c8\u1243\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1228\u1308\u12f5 \u130e\u120b \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1240\u1231\u1275 \u12e8\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u133d\u12ee\u1295 \u121b\u122a\u12eb\u121d \u1264\u1270-\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295\u1363 \u12e8\u130d\u1238\u1295 \u121b\u122a\u12eb\u121d \u1264\u1270-\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1241\u120d\u1262 \u1308\u1265\u122d\u12a4\u120d \u1264\u1270-\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u201c\u1308\u1320\u122d\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u1209\u1275 \u1260\u1308\u1320\u122a\u1271 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u1229 \u1264\u1270-\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1293\u1275 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1264\u1270-\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1293\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u1348\u1233\u12ca \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120e\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u1321\u1275  <\/span>\u1245\u12f3\u121c\u1293 \u12a5\u1201\u12f5 \u1265\u127b \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1308\u1320\u122d \u1264\u1270\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f3\u122a \u201c\u1218\u122a \u130c\u1273\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u130e\u1260\u12dd\u201d \u12a5\u1293 \u201c\u12a0\u1208\u1243\u201d \u1260\u121a\u1209 \u121b\u12d5\u1228\u130e\u127d \u12ed\u1320\u122b\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
       <\/span>*****<\/span><\/div>\n
\u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12a6\u122d\u1276\u12f6\u12ad\u1235 \u1270\u12cb\u1215\u12f6 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12d8\u1320\u129d \u12d0\u1262\u12ed \u1260\u12d3\u120b\u1275\u1363 \u12d8\u1320\u129d \u1295\u12d1\u1233\u1295 \u1260\u12d3\u120b\u1275\u1293 \u1230\u1263\u1275 \u12a0\u133d\u12cb\u121b\u1275 \u12a0\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12d0\u1262\u12ed \u1260\u12d3\u120b\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u1209\u1275 \u201c\u120d\u12f0\u1275\u201d (\u1308\u1293)\u1363 \u201c\u1325\u121d\u1240\u1275\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u1273\u1266\u122d\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u1206\u1233\u12d5\u1293\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u1235\u1245\u1208\u1275\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u1275\u1295\u1233\u12a4\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u12d5\u122d\u1308\u1275\u201d \u12a5\u1293 \u201c\u1330\u122b\u1245\u120a\u1326\u1235\u201d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1295\u12d1\u1233\u1295 \u1260\u12d3\u120b\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u1209\u1275 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u201c\u1218\u1235\u1240\u120d\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u1235\u1265\u12a8\u1275\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u1265\u122d\u1203\u1295\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u1296\u120b\u12ca\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u130d\u12dd\u1228\u1275\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u120d\u12f0\u1270 \u1235\u121d\u12d6\u1295\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u1243\u1293 \u12d8\u1308\u120a\u120b\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u12d8\u12ed\u1275\u201d \u12a5\u1293 \u201c\u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u1218\u1235\u1240\u120d\u201d (\u1218\u130b\u1262\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u122d \u1240\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12cd\u120d) \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u1230\u1263\u1271 \u12a0\u133d\u12cb\u121b\u1275 \u201c\u12d0\u1262\u12ed \u133e\u121d\u201d (\u1201\u12f3\u12f4)\u1363 \u201c\u133e\u1218 \u1210\u12cb\u122a\u12eb\u1275\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u133e\u1218 \u134d\u120d\u1230\u1273\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u133e\u1218 -\u1290\u1262\u12eb\u1275\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u1308\u1203\u12f5\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u133e\u1218 \u1290\u1290\u12cc\u201d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u201c\u1228\u1261\u12d5 \u12a5\u1293 \u12d0\u122d\u1265\u201d \u133e\u121d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a5\u121d\u1290\u1271 \u1270\u12a8\u1273\u12ee\u127d \u12a8\u127b\u1209 \u1201\u1209\u1295\u121d \u12a0\u133d\u12cb\u121b\u1275 \u12ed\u133e\u121b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12ab\u120d\u127b\u1209 \u130d\u1295 \u201c\u12d0\u1262\u12ed \u133e\u121d\u201d\u1295\u1363 \u201c\u133e\u1218-\u134d\u120d\u1230\u1273\u201d\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u1228\u1261\u12d5\u1293 \u12d0\u122d\u1265\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u133e\u121d \u130d\u12f4\u1273 \u12a0\u1208\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
       <\/span>*****<\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a0\u1348\u1295\u12f2 \u1219\u1270\u1242<\/span><\/div>\n
\u1205\u12f3\u122d 5\/2007<\/span><\/div>\n
\u1260\u1308\u1208\u121d\u1236 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1270\u133b\u1348\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
—<\/span><\/div>\n
\u121d\u1295\u132e\u127d<\/span><\/div>\n
1.      <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u1209\u120c \u1218\u120d\u12a0\u12a9\u1361<\/span> \u201c\u12e8\u1264\u1270 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295 \u1273\u122a\u12ad\u201d\u1361 \u1275\u1295\u1233\u12a4 \u1265\u122d\u1203\u1295 \u12a0\u1233\u1273\u121a \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1275\u1364 1986<\/span><\/div>\n
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2.     <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u1270\u12ad\u1208-\u133b\u12f2\u1245 \u1218\u12a9\u122a\u12eb\u1361 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12a8\u12a0\u133c \u120d\u1265\u1290-\u12f5\u1295\u130d\u120d \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u12a0\u133c \u1274\u12ce\u12f5\u122e\u1235\u1363 1936<\/span><\/div>\n
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3.     <\/span><\/span><\/span>Encyclopaedia Ethiopica: University of Hamburg: 2004: Volume 1-5<\/span><\/div>\n
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4.      <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12a6\u122d\u1276\u12f6\u12ad\u1235 \u1270\u12cb\u1215\u12f6 \u1264\u1270-\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295 \u12f5\u1228-\u1308\u133d (<\/span>www.ethiopianorthodox.org<\/span><\/a> )<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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ጸሐፊ፡ አፈንዲ ሙተቂ<\/span><\/div>\n
—-<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/a>የኢትዮጵያ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋሕዶ አብያተ ክርስቲያናት ሲጠቀሱ በቅድሚያ የሚታወሱት በላስታ አውራጃ፣ በ“ሮሃ” (ላሊበላ) ከተማ አጠገብ ከአንድ-ወጥ ድንጋይ ተፈልፍለው የተሰሩት አስራ አንድ ቤተ ክርስቲያናት ናቸው፡፡ የአስራ አንዱ ቤተ ክርስቲያናት ስም እንደሚከተለው ነው፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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1.      <\/span><\/span><\/span>ቤተ መድኃኒ-ዓለም<\/span><\/div>\n
2.     <\/span><\/span><\/span>ቤተ ማርያም<\/span><\/div>\n
3.     <\/span><\/span><\/span>ቤተ ደናግል<\/span><\/div>\n
4.     <\/span><\/span><\/span>ቤተ መስቀል<\/span><\/div>\n
5.     <\/span><\/span><\/span>ቤተ ሚካኤል<\/span><\/div>\n
6.     <\/span><\/span><\/span>ቤተ ጎለጎታ<\/span><\/div>\n
7.     <\/span><\/span><\/span>ቤተ አማኑኤል<\/span><\/div>\n
8.     <\/span><\/span><\/span>ቤተ ገብርኤል<\/span><\/div>\n
9.     <\/span><\/span><\/span>ቤተ አባ ሊባኖስ<\/span><\/div>\n
10.    <\/span><\/span><\/span>ቤተ መርቆሬዎስ<\/span><\/div>\n
11.     <\/span><\/span><\/span>ቤተ ጊዮርጊስ<\/span><\/div>\n
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እነዚህ አብያተ ክርስቲያናት የሚገኙት በሦሥት የተለያዩ ስፍራዎች ነው፡፡ የመጀመሪያዎቹ ስድስቱ በአንድ ስፍራ፣ ተከታዮቹ አራቱም በሌላ ስፍራ ላይ ነው የተሰሩት፡፡ ቤተ ጊዮርጊስ ግን ከሁሉም ተነጥሎ ለብቻው ቆሟል፡፡ ከአብያተ ክርስቲያናቱ <\/span>ውስጥ ትልቁ “ቤተ መድኃኒ-ዓለም” ሲሆን በኪነ-ህንጻውና በዲዛይኑ በዓለም ዙሪያ የተደነቀው ግን በመስቀል ቅርጽ የተሰራው “ቤተ ጊዮርጊስ” ነው፡፡ <\/span><\/div>\n
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እነዚህን ቤተ ክርስቲያናት ያሳነጸው ከ1181-1221 የነገሠው የዛግዌው ንጉሥ ገብረ መስቀል ሲሆን ይህ ንጉሥ በታሪክ ምዕራፎች በደንብ የሚታወቀው “ላሊበላ” በሚል ስም ነው፡፡ የኢትዮጵያ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋሕዶ ቤተ-ክርስቲያን ለንጉሥ ላሊበላ የቅድስና ማዕረግ መስጠቷ ይታወቃል፡፡ የተባበሩት መንግሥታት የትምህርት፣ የሳይንስና የባህል ድርጅት (UNESCO) በበኩሉ የላሊበላ አብያተ ክርስቲያናትን በዓለም ቅርስነት መዝገቦአቸዋል፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
       <\/span>*****<\/span><\/div>\n
በኦርቶዶክስ ተዋሕዶ ክርስትና ደንብና ትውፊት መሰረት አንድ ቤተ-ክርስቲያን የሚታነጸው ሦሥት ክፍሎች እንዲኖሩት ተደርጎ ነው፡፡ የመጀመሪያው ክፍል “መቅደስ” ተብሎ የሚጠራ ሲሆን ታቦት (ጽላት) በዚህ ክፍል ውስጥ ነው የሚቀመጠው፡፡ በመቅደሱ ውስጥ እንዲገቡ የሚፈቅድላቸውም ካህናት ብቻ ናቸው፡፡ ሁለተኛው ክፍል “ቅድስት” ይባላል፡፡ የ“ስጋ ወደሙ” ስርዓት የሚፈጸመው በዚህኛው ክፍል ውስጥ ነው፡፡ ሶስተኛው ክፍል “ቅኔ ማህሌት” ነው፡፡ በዚህ ክፍል ውስጥ በአንድ ወገን ደብተሮች ይዘምራሉ፡፡ በሌላ ወገን ቀሳውስት ሰዓታት ይቆማሉ፡፡ ወደ ቤተ ክርስቲያኑ የሚመጡት ምእመናንም ስርዓተ ቅዳሴውንና ልዩ ልዩ ስብከቶችን የሚከታተሉት በዚህ ክፍል ውስጥ ነው፡፡ <\/span><\/div>\n
       <\/span>*****<\/span><\/div>\n
በኦርቶዶክስ ተዋሕዶ ቤተ-ክህነት ስር የሚተዳደሩት አብያተ-ክርስቲያናት በሶስት ይከፈላሉ፡፡ እነዚህም ገዳም፣ ደብር እና “ገጠር” (አጥቢያ) በመባል ይታወቃሉ፡፡ “ገዳም” የሚባለው መነኮሳት ከዓለማዊ ኑሮ ተገልገለው የምንኩስና ህይወት የሚኖሩበት ቤተ-ክርስቲያን ነው፡፡ በኢትዮጵያ የመጀመሪያ የሆነውን ገዳም የቆረቆሩት በ5ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን ወደ ኢትዮጵያ የመጡት ሶሪያዊው “አቡነ-አረጋዊ” ሲሆኑ በርሳቸው የተቆረቆረውም በትግራይ የሚገኘው የ“ደብረ ዳሞ” ገዳም ነው፡፡ ሌሎች ታዋቂ ገዳማት ደግሞ “ደብረ-ሊባኖስ” (በሰሜን ሸዋ፣ ሰላሌ አውራጃ ውስጥ የሚገኝ፣ በአስራ ሦሥተኛው ክፍለ ዘመን በኖሩት “አቡነ ተክለ-ሃይማኖት” የተመሰረተ)፣ “ደብረ ቢዘን” (በደቡብ ኤርትራ፣ ሰራዬ አውራጃ ውስጥ የሚገኝ፣ በአስራ አራተኛው ክፍለ ዘመን በኖሩት “አባ ኤዎስጣቴዎስ” የተመሰረተ)፣ “ደብረ ወገግ” ወይንም የ“አሰቦት ገዳም” (በሀረርጌ ክፍለ ሀገር፣ በአሰቦት ተራራ ላይ የሚገኝ፤ “አባ ጊዮርጊስ ዘጋስጫ” በተባሉት ታዋቂ መነኩሴና የብዙ መጻሕፍት ደራሲ እንደተመሰረተ የሚታመን) እና የ“ዋልድባ ገዳም” (በትግራይና ጎንደር ወሰን ላይ የሚገኝ፤ “አባ ሳሙኤል” በተባሉ መነኩሴ በአስራ ስድስተኛው ክፍለ ዘመን የተመሰረተ) የመሳሰሉት ናቸው፡፡ የገዳም አስተዳዳሪ ከመነኮሳቱ መካከል በዕድሜው፣ በስነ-ምግባሩ፣ በዕውቀቱ እና በገድሉ ተመርጦ “አባት” በሚል ማዕረግ ይሾማል፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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በሁለተኛ ደረጃ የሚገኙት አብያተ ክርስቲያናት “ደብር” ይባላሉ፡፡ እነዚህኛዎቹ በርከት ያለ ህዝብ በሚኖርበት ስፍራ የተሰሩ እና ሁለገብ የቤተ-ክርስቲያን አገልግሎት የሚሰጡ አብያተ ክርስቲያናት ናቸው፡፡ ቆየት ባለው የኦርቶዶክስ ተዋሕዶ ትውፊት መሰረት ደብሮች የሚሰሩት በኮረብታ ላይ ነው፡፡ ደብሮቹ የሚጠሩትም በክርስትና ታሪክ ቅዱስ መሆናቸው በተመሰከረላቸው ቀደምት የሃይማኖት አባቶች፣ በሰማእታትና በመላዕክት ስም ነው፡፡ <\/span><\/div>\n
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   <\/span>የደብር አስተዳዳሪ “አለቃ” ይባላል፡፡ ሆኖም እንደ አስፈላጊነቱ “ንቡረ እድ”፣ “ሊቀ-ስልጣናት”፣ “መልአከ ጸሐይ”፣ “መልአከ ገነት” ወዘተ… በመሳሰሉ ማዕረጎችም ሊጠራ ይችላል፡፡ አንዳንድ ደብሮች በየዓመቱ የሚከናወኑ ታላላቅ የንግሥ በዓላትን በማስተናገድ ይታወቃሉ፡፡ በዚህ ረገድ ጎላ ብለው የሚጠቀሱት የአክሱም ጽዮን ማሪያም ቤተ-ክርስቲያን፣ የግሸን ማሪያም ቤተ-ክርስቲያን እና የቁልቢ ገብርኤል ቤተ-ክርስቲያን ናቸው፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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“ገጠር” የሚባሉት በገጠሪቱ ኢትዮጵያ የሚሰሩ ቤተ-ክርስቲያናት ናቸው፡፡ እነዚህ ቤተ-ክርስቲያናት መንፈሳዊ አገልግሎት የሚሰጡት  <\/span>ቅዳሜና እሁድ ብቻ ነው፡፡ የገጠር ቤተክርስቲያን አስተዳዳሪ “መሪ ጌታ”፣ “ጎበዝ” እና “አለቃ” በሚሉ ማዕረጎች ይጠራል፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
       <\/span>*****<\/span><\/div>\n
በኢትዮጵያ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋሕዶ ስርዓት መሰረት ዘጠኝ ዐቢይ በዓላት፣ ዘጠኝ ንዑሳን በዓላትና ሰባት አጽዋማት አሉ፡፡ ዐቢይ በዓላት የሚባሉት “ልደት” (ገና)፣ “ጥምቀት”፣ “ደብረ ታቦር”፣ “ሆሳዕና”፣ “ስቅለት”፣ “ትንሳኤ”፣ “ዕርገት” እና “ጰራቅሊጦስ” ናቸው፡፡ ንዑሳን በዓላት የሚባሉት ደግሞ “መስቀል”፣ “ስብከት”፣ “ብርሃን”፣ “ኖላዊ”፣ “ግዝረት”፣ “ልደተ ስምዖን”፣ “ቃና ዘገሊላ”፣ “ደብረ ዘይት” እና “ሁለተኛው መስቀል” (መጋቢት አስር ቀን የሚውል) ናቸው፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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ሰባቱ አጽዋማት “ዐቢይ ጾም” (ሁዳዴ)፣ “ጾመ ሐዋሪያት”፣ “ጾመ ፍልሰታ”፣ “ጾመ -ነቢያት”፣ “ገሃድ”፣ “ጾመ ነነዌ” እና የ“ረቡዕ እና ዐርብ” ጾም ናቸው፡፡ የእምነቱ ተከታዮች ከቻሉ ሁሉንም አጽዋማት ይጾማሉ፡፡ ካልቻሉ ግን “ዐቢይ ጾም”ን፣ “ጾመ-ፍልሰታ”ን እና ረቡዕና ዐርብን የመጾም ግዴታ አለባቸው፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
       <\/span>*****<\/span><\/div>\n
አፈንዲ ሙተቂ<\/span><\/div>\n
ህዳር 5\/2007<\/span><\/div>\n
በገለምሶ ከተማ ተጻፈ፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
—<\/span><\/div>\n
ምንጮች<\/span><\/div>\n
1.      <\/span><\/span><\/span>ሉሌ መልአኩ፡<\/span> “የቤተ ክርስቲያን ታሪክ”፡ ትንሳኤ ብርሃን አሳታሚ ድርጅት፤ 1986<\/span><\/div>\n
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2.     <\/span><\/span><\/span>ተክለ-ጻዲቅ መኩሪያ፡ የኢትዮጵያ ታሪክ ከአጼ ልብነ-ድንግል እስከ አጼ ቴዎድሮስ፣ 1936<\/span><\/div>\n
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3.     <\/span><\/span><\/span>Encyclopaedia Ethiopica: University of Hamburg: 2004: Volume 1-5<\/span><\/div>\n
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4.      <\/span><\/span><\/span>የኢትዮጵያ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋሕዶ ቤተ-ክርስቲያን ድረ-ገጽ (<\/span>www.ethiopianorthodox.org<\/span><\/a> )<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Read more ›<\/a><\/div>\n

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