{"id":298418,"date":"2014-08-11T13:43:00","date_gmt":"2014-08-11T18:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mereja.com\/amharic\/?guid=01863e64cb932d867520a17fd6d00624"},"modified":"2014-08-11T13:43:00","modified_gmt":"2014-08-11T18:43:00","slug":"%e1%89%b5%e1%8a%a9%e1%88%a8%e1%89%b5-%e1%8a%a8%e1%8b%8d%e1%8c%aa-%e1%89%8b%e1%8a%95%e1%89%8b%e1%8b%8e%e1%89%bd-%e1%88%88%e1%89%b0%e1%8b%88%e1%88%a8%e1%88%b1-%e1%89%83%e1%88%8b%e1%89%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/298418","title":{"rendered":"\u1275\u12a9\u1228\u1275-\u12a8\u12cd\u132a \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12ce\u127d \u1208\u1270\u12c8\u1228\u1231 \u1243\u120b\u1275"},"content":{"rendered":"
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  \u1273\u12f2\u12eb \u12a8\u1236\u1235\u1275 \u123a\u1205 \u12a8\u121a\u120d\u1241\u1275 \u12e8\u12cd\u132a \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u1208\u1200\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295 \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12ce\u127d \u1265\u12d9 \u1243\u120b\u1275\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u12cd\u1228\u1235 \u12e8\u1260\u1241\u1275 \u12a0\u122b\u1271 \u1265\u127b \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1290\u122d\u1231\u121d \u12d0\u1228\u1265\u129b\u1363 \u1348\u1228\u1295\u1233\u12ed\u129b\u1363 \u1323\u120a\u12eb\u1295\u129b\u1293 \u12a5\u1295\u130d\u120a\u12dd\u129b \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1271\u122d\u12ad \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1300\u122d\u1218\u1295 \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12ce\u127d\u121d \u1325\u1242\u1275 \u1243\u120b\u1275\u1295 \u1208\u1200\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295 \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u1260\u122d\u12ad\u1270\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u1273\u12f2\u12eb \u12e8\u12d0\u1228\u1265\u129b \u1243\u120b\u1275\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u12cd\u1228\u1231 \u1270\u130d\u1263\u122d \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u1219\u1235\u120a\u121e\u127d \u1265\u127b \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u12f0\u1260 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1201\u1209\u121d \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12ca \u1260\u12a5\u12a9\u120d \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1240\u121d\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u122d\u12a8\u1275 \u12eb\u1209 \u12e8\u12d0\u1228\u1265\u129b \u1243\u120b\u1275\u1295\u121d \u12c8\u122d\u1230\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u12ad\u1235\u1270\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1320\u1228\u12cd \u12a8\u1295\u130d\u12f5 \u1218\u1235\u134b\u134b\u1275 \u130b\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u12a0\u1235\u122b \u12d8\u1320\u1290\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295\u1295 \u1295\u130d\u12f5 \u1260\u1260\u120b\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u1270\u1246\u1323\u1325\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u1232\u122b\u122b \u1290\u130b\u12f4\u12ce\u127d \u12d0\u1228\u1265\u129b\u1295 \u1260\u1295\u130d\u12f5 \u124b\u1295\u124b\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u1235\u134b\u1275 \u12ed\u1320\u1240\u1219\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228 \u12a8\u1218\u1206\u1291 \u12e8\u1270\u1290\u1233 \u1260\u1200\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295 \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12ce\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12eb\u120d\u1290\u1260\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u1243\u120b\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12c8\u1228\u1231 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u1206\u1290\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c \u12db\u122c \u12e8\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u1243\u120b\u1275 \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u1308\u1295 \u12e8\u121d\u1295\u1320\u1240\u121d\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f0  \u1200\u12cb\u120b\u1363 \u1309\u121d\u1229\u12ad\u1363 \u1230\u1295\u12f1\u1245\u1363 \u1231\u1245\u1363 \u1218\u130b\u12d8\u1295\u1363 \u123d\u122d\u12ad\u1293\u1363 \u12c8\u12aa\u120d\u1363 \u1230\u1290\u12f5\u1363 \u12f0\u120b\u120b\u1363 \u1218\u1203\u1208\u1245 \u12c8\u12d8\u1270 \u12e8\u1218\u1233\u1230\u1209\u1275 \u12e8\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u1243\u120b\u1275 \u121d\u1295\u132b\u1278\u12cd \u12d0\u1228\u1265\u129b \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1210\u12f2\u12f5\u1363 \u1263\u1261\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u1218\u12aa\u1293 \u12e8\u1218\u1233\u1230\u1209 \u1243\u120b\u1275\u121d \u12a8\u12d0\u1228\u1265\u129b \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u1228\u1231\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1201\u1295\u1293 \u12d0\u1228\u1265\u129b\u1293 \u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u1234\u121b\u12ca \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u130b\u122f\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1243\u120b\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12cd\u122d\u1235 \u1243\u120b\u1275 \u121b\u12e8\u1275 \u1235\u1205\u1270\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c \u1230\u120b\u121d\u1363 \u12f0\u121d\u1363 \u1264\u1275\u1363 \u134e\u1245\u1363 \u12ad\u134d\u120d\u1363 \u12d0\u12ed\u1295\u1363 \u1348\u1228\u1235\u1363 \u12d8\u1218\u1295\u1363 \u1210\u1229\u122d\u1363 \u121a\u12db\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u1233\u1230\u1209 \u1243\u120b\u1275 \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1271\u121d \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12ce\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a0\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u1201\u1208\u1271\u121d \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12ce\u127d \u1234\u121b\u12ca \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u1290\u12cd \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205\u1295 \u1243\u120b\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u130b\u1229\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1243\u120b\u1275 \u1218\u1290\u123b \u12e8\u1201\u1209\u121d \u1234\u121b\u12ca \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u1263\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u1218\u1295\u1260\u1275 \u130d\u1295\u12f0-\u1234\u121b\u12ca \u124b\u1295\u124b (Proto-Semetic Language) \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
*****<\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
     \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263\u1295 \u12a8\u1305\u1261\u1272 \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1308\u1293\u1298\u12cd \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee-\u1305\u1261\u1272 \u12e8\u121d\u12f5\u122d \u1263\u1261\u122d \u1218\u1235\u1218\u122d \u1232\u1230\u122b \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1348\u1228\u1295\u1233\u12ed\u129b \u12c8\u12f0 \u1200\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295 \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u12e8\u1230\u1228\u1308 \u1218\u130d\u1263\u1275 \u1300\u121d\u122e \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u122a \u1218\u12ae\u1295\u1295 \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1264\u1275\u121d \u12601910\u12ce\u1279 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1232\u12a8\u1348\u1275 \u12e8\u1348\u1228\u1295\u1233\u12ed\u129b \u1270\u133d\u12a5\u1296 \u1260\u1323\u121d \u1270\u1320\u1293\u12ad\u122f\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12d8\u1218\u1291 \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u12ab\u122a\u12a9\u1208\u121d\u121d \u12a8\u1348\u1228\u1295\u1233\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u12f3 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291 \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1264\u1271 \u1270\u121b\u122a\u12ce\u127d\u1293 \u121d\u1229\u1243\u1291 \u1348\u1228\u1295\u1233\u12ed\u129b\u1295 \u12ed\u1293\u1308\u1229 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1290\u12da\u12eb \u121d\u1229\u1243\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u121e\u120b\u12cd \u1232\u126a\u120d \u1230\u122d\u126a\u1235\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u1260\u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120e\u1275 \u1230\u132a \u1270\u124b\u121b\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1348\u1228\u1295\u1233\u12ed\u129b \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1206\u1296 \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120f\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u12ca \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120e\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u1309 \u1230\u1290\u12f6\u127d\u1293 \u12e8\u1235\u122b \u1218\u1218\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d\u121d \u12a8\u1348\u1228\u1295\u1233\u12ed\u129b \u1232\u1270\u1228\u130e\u1219 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u1296\u1229\u1275 (\u12e8\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb\u12cd \u1205\u1308-\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275\u121d \u12a8\u1348\u1228\u1295\u1233\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u12f3 \u1290\u12cd)\u1361\u1361  \u1260\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1202\u12f0\u1275 \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u12e8\u1348\u1228\u1295\u1233\u12ed\u129b \u1243\u120b\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u1270\u12c8\u122d\u1230\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1348\u1228\u1295\u1233\u12ed\u129b \u12a8\u12c8\u1228\u1235\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u1243\u120b\u1275 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u201c\u12a6\u134a\u1234\u120d\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u121e\u1296\u1356\u120d\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u120c\u130b\u1232\u12ee\u1295\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u12ae\u121a\u1235\u12ee\u1295\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u1354\u1292\u1235\u12ee\u1295\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u12f2\u12ad\u120b\u122b\u1232\u12ee\u1295\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u12a6\u1355\u122b\u1232\u12ee\u1295\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u12ab\u121a\u12ee\u1295\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u134d\u122a\u1232\u12ee\u1295\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u122c\u12ae\u121b\u1295\u12f4\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u1208\u1308\u1200\u122d (\u120b\u130b\u122d)\u1363 \u201c\u1261\u134c\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u120c\u1232 \u1353\u1234\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u12f4\u12a4\u1273\u201d\u1363 \u201c \u12ab\u134c\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u122b\u1295\u12f4\u1269\u201d\u1363 \u12e8\u1218\u1233\u1230\u1209\u1275 \u12ed\u1320\u1240\u1233\u1209\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
   \u12e8\u12a2\u1323\u120a\u12eb \u12c8\u1228\u122b \u12a8\u1270\u12c8\u120d\u1295 \u121b\u1235\u1273\u12c8\u123b\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u1275\u120d\u1241 \u1260\u1200\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295 \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12ce\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u12e8\u12cd \u12e8\u1323\u120a\u12eb\u1295\u129b \u1270\u133d\u12a5\u1296 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b\u1363 \u12a6\u122e\u121d\u129b\u1293 \u1275\u130d\u122d\u129b \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1260\u1218\u1276\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1246\u1320\u1229 \u12e8\u1323\u120a\u12eb\u1295\u129b \u1243\u120b\u1275\u1295 \u1218\u1241\u1320\u122d \u12ed\u127b\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed\u121d \u1260\u1240\u12f5\u121e \u12d8\u1218\u1293\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u123d\u12a8\u122d\u12ab\u122a \u12a5\u1293 \u1275\u122b\u1295\u1235\u1356\u122d\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u1245\u1235\u1243\u1234\u1363 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d \u12a8\u12a2\u1295\u12f1\u1235\u1275\u122a \u130b\u122d \u1260\u1270\u12eb\u12eb\u12d8 \u12a8\u121a\u1230\u122b\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u1243\u120b\u1275 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u1265\u12d9\u12ce\u1279 \u12e8\u1323\u120a\u12eb\u1295\u129b \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12eb\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12db\u122c\u121d \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u12e8\u1290\u12da\u12eb \u1243\u120b\u1275 \u1245\u122a\u1276\u127d \u1260\u1200\u1308\u122d\u129b \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12ce\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12ed\u1235\u1270\u12cb\u120b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1323\u120a\u12eb\u1295\u129b \u12a8\u12c8\u1228\u1235\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u1243\u120b\u1275 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u201c\u1353\u1235\u1273\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u121b\u12ab\u122e\u1292\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u120b\u12db\u129b\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u1235\u1353\u130c\u1272\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u1235\u120d\u1235\u201d (\u1233\u120d\u1233)\u1363 \u201c\u12a0\u122e\u1235\u1276\u201d\u1363 \u201c<\/span>\u134b\u1265\u122a\u12ab\u201d\u1363 \u201c<\/span>\u130b\u12dc\u1323\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u120a\u127c\u1295\u1233\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u1349\u122d\u1296\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u126a\u12eb\u1306\u201d (\u1260\u1218\u12aa\u1293 \u12e8\u121a\u12f0\u1228\u130d \u1309\u12de)\u1363 \u201c\u120b\u126b\u1306\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u12ab\u122e\u1234\u122a\u12eb\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u12ab\u121d\u1262\u12ee\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u121e\u1276\u122a\u1296\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u134d\u122c\u1295\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u134a\u120d\u1275\u122e\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u1233\u120d\u126b\u1273\u12ee\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u1356\u122d\u1276 \u1218\u130b\u120b\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u1352\u1295\u1233\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u127a\u1295\u130a\u12eb\u201d \u1363 \u201c\u1348\u1228\u134b\u1295\u130e\u201d\u1363 \u201c<\/span>\u12a9\u123d\u1294\u1273\u201d \u201c<\/span>\u12aa\u12eb\u1264\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u12ab\u127b\u1262\u1274\u201d \u201c\u1263\u120c\u1235\u1275\u122b\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u1278\u122d\u12ac\u201d \u201c\u1352\u1235\u1273\u201d \u201c\u12ae\u121b\u122d\u12f3\u122c\u201d \u201c\u130e\u121a\u1292\u201d \u201c\u122e\u1295\u12f4\u120b\u201d \u201c\u12f2\u134d\u1228\u1295\u123b\u120c\u201d \u201c\u1235\u1352\u1293\u1273\u201d \u201c\u1233\u120d\u12f3\u122c\u201d \u201c\u1261\u12ae\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u1356\u121d\u1353\u201d (\u1267\u1295\u1267)\u1363 \u201c\u12a0\u12cd\u1273\u1295\u1272\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u121b\u1296\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u12a2\u120a \u130e\u122c\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u1274\u1235\u1273\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u1351\u1295\u1276\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u1266\u1326\u120e\u1292\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u12ab\u121d\u1266\u201d \u12c8\u12d8\u1270\u2026. \u12e8\u1218\u1233\u1230\u1209\u1275 \u1270\u1320\u1243\u123d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
*****<\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
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*****<\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
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\u12a0\u1348\u1295\u12f2 \u1219\u1270\u1242<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u130d\u1295\u1266\u1275 13\/2006<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u1238\u1308\u122d-\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n

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ጸሓፊ፡ አፈንዲ ሙተቂ<\/p>\n

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——–<\/p>\n

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የሀገራችን ቋንቋዎች ከውጪ ቋንቋዎች በርካታ ቃላትን ወርሰዋል፡፡ ይህም ከብሉይ ዘመን ጀምሮ ይታይ የነበረ ክስተት ነው፡፡ የመወራረሱ አድማስ ስፋቱን የጨመረው ግን በአስራ ዘጠነኛው ክፍለ ዘመን መጨረሻ ላይ ነው፡፡ ከዚያን ጊዜ ጀምሮ በቀጣዮቹ አንድ መቶ ሀያ ዓመታት ውስጥ የታዩት ሀገር አቀፍና ዓለም አቀፍ ክስተቶች የሀገራችን ቋንቋዎችን ለውጪ ቋንቋዎች ተጽእኖ የበለጠ ክፍት እንዲሆኑ አድርገዋቸዋል፡፡  <\/p>\n

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  ታዲያ ከሶስት ሺህ ከሚልቁት የውጪ ቋንቋዎች መካከል ለሀገራችን ቋንቋዎች ብዙ ቃላትን ለማውረስ የበቁት አራቱ ብቻ ናቸው፡፡ እነርሱም ዐረብኛ፣ ፈረንሳይኛ፣ ጣሊያንኛና እንግሊዝኛ ናቸው፡፡ የቱርክ እና የጀርመን ቋንቋዎችም ጥቂት ቃላትን ለሀገራችን ቋንቋዎች አበርክተዋል፡፡<\/p>\n

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*****<\/p>\n

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   ዐረብኛ በሀገራችን ቋንቋዎች ላይ ተጽእኖ ለመፍጠር የቻለው በዋናነት የእስልምና ሀይማኖት የአምልኮና የትምህርት ቋንቋ ስለሆነ ነው፡፡ በመሆኑም ከእስልምና እምነት ጋር በተያያዘ ለአምልኮና ለትምህርት አገልግሎት ላይ የሚውሉ ቃላት በአብዛኛው ከዐረብኛ የተገኙ ናቸው፡፡ ለምሳሌ መስጊድ\/መስጂድ፣ ኢማም፣ ቃዲ፣ አዛን፣ መጅሊስ፣ መድረሳ ወዘተ… የመሳሰሉትን መጥቀስ ይቻላል፡፡ በሂደት ደግሞ የዐረብኛ ቃላት በአምልኮ ውስጥ ካላቸው አስፈላጊነት አልፈው በተራው ሰው ንግግር ውስጥም ገብተዋል፡፡ ይህ ክስተት በስፋት የሚስተዋለው ግን አብላጫው ነዋሪ ህዝብ ሙስሊም በሆነባቸው እንደ ወሎ፣ ሀረርጌ፣ ባሌ፣ ጅማ፣ ሶማሊ (ኦጋዴን)፣ ቤኒሻንጉልና አፋር አካባቢዎች ነው፡፡ በነዚህ አካባቢዎች ከሚነገሩት ቋንቋዎች “መርሐባ”፣ “አሕለን”፣ “ፉጡር”፣ “ሀድራ”፣ “ሙሐባ”፣ “መናም”፣ “ጂስም”፣ “አዛ”፣ “ኩርሲ”፣ “ማዕና”፣ “ዒልም”፣ “አስል” እና ሌሎች በርከት ያሉ የዐረብኛ ቃላትን በቀላሉ ለይቶ ማውጣት ይቻላል፡፡<\/p>\n

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ታዲያ የዐረብኛ ቃላትን የመውረሱ ተግባር በኢትዮጵያዊያን ሙስሊሞች ብቻ የተገደበ አይደለም፡፡ ሁሉም ኢትዮጵያዊ በእኩል ደረጃ የሚጠቀምባቸው በርከት ያሉ የዐረብኛ ቃላትንም ወርሰናል፡፡ ይህም ክስተት የተፈጠረው ከንግድ መስፋፋት ጋር ነው፡፡ በተለይ እስከ አስራ ዘጠነኛው ክፍለ ዘመን መጨረሻ ድረስ የሀገራችንን ንግድ በበላይነት ተቆጣጥረው የነበሩት ሲራራ ነጋዴዎች ዐረብኛን በንግድ ቋንቋነት በስፋት ይጠቀሙበት የነበረ ከመሆኑ የተነሳ በሀገራችን ቋንቋዎች ውስጥ መሰረት ያልነበራቸው በርካታ ቃላት እንዲወረሱ ምክንያት ሆነዋል፡፡ ለምሳሌ ዛሬ የአማርኛ ቃላት አድርገን የምንጠቀምባቸው እንደ  ሀዋላ፣ ጉምሩክ፣ ሰንዱቅ፣ ሱቅ፣ መጋዘን፣ ሽርክና፣ ወኪል፣ ሰነድ፣ ደላላ፣ መሃለቅ ወዘተ የመሳሰሉት የአማርኛ ቃላት ምንጫቸው ዐረብኛ ነው፡፡ እንደ ሐዲድ፣ ባቡር እና መኪና የመሳሰሉ ቃላትም ከዐረብኛ ነው የተወረሱት፡፡ ይሁንና ዐረብኛና አማርኛ ሴማዊ ቋንቋዎች በመሆናቸው የሚጋሯቸውን ቃላት እንደ ውርስ ቃላት ማየት ስህተት ነው፡፡ ለምሳሌ ሰላም፣ ደም፣ ቤት፣ ፎቅ፣ ክፍል፣ ዐይን፣ ፈረስ፣ ዘመን፣ ሐሩር፣ ሚዛን የመሳሰሉ ቃላት በሁለቱም ቋንቋዎች ውስጥ አሉ፡፡ ሁለቱም ቋንቋዎች ሴማዊ በመሆናቸው ነው እነዚህን ቃላት የተጋሩት፡፡ የነዚህ ቃላት መነሻ የሁሉም ሴማዊ ቋንቋዎች አባት እንደሆነ የሚታመንበት ግንደ-ሴማዊ ቋንቋ (Proto-Semetic Language) ነው፡፡<\/p>\n

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*****<\/p>\n

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     አዲስ አበባን ከጅቡቲ ጋር የሚያገናኘው የኢትዮ-ጅቡቲ የምድር ባቡር መስመር ሲሰራ ደግሞ ፈረንሳይኛ ወደ ሀገራችን ቋንቋዎች እየሰረገ መግባት ጀምሮ ነበር፡፡ የተፈሪ መኮንን ትምህርት ቤትም በ1910ዎቹ ውስጥ ሲከፈት የፈረንሳይኛ ተጽእኖ በጣም ተጠናክሯል፡፡ የዘመኑ የትምህርት ካሪኩለምም ከፈረንሳይ የተቀዳ በመሆኑ የትምህርት ቤቱ ተማሪዎችና ምሩቃኑ ፈረንሳይኛን ይናገሩ ነበር፡፡ በነዚያ ምሩቃን በተሞላው ሲቪል ሰርቪስም ሆነ በአገልግሎት ሰጪ ተቋማት ውስጥ ፈረንሳይኛ እንደ ሁለተኛ ቋንቋ ሆኖ አገልግሏል፡፡ ለመንግሥታዊ አገልግሎት የሚያስፈልጉ ሰነዶችና የስራ መመሪያዎችም ከፈረንሳይኛ ሲተረጎሙ ነው የኖሩት (የመጀመሪያው ህገ-መንግሥትም ከፈረንሳይ የተቀዳ ነው)፡፡  በዚህም ሂደት በርካታ የፈረንሳይኛ ቃላት በአማርኛ ተወርሰዋል፡፡ ከፈረንሳይኛ ከወረስናቸው ቃላት መካከል “ኦፊሴል”፣ “ሞኖፖል”፣ “ሌጋሲዮን”፣ “ኮሚስዮን”፣ “ፔኒስዮን”፣ “ዲክላራሲዮን”፣ “ኦፕራሲዮን”፣ “ካሚዮን”፣ “ፍሪሲዮን”፣ “ሬኮማንዴ”፣ “ለገሀር (ላጋር)፣ “ቡፌ”፣ “ሌሲ ፓሴ”፣ “ዴኤታ”፣ “ ካፌ”፣ “ራንዴቩ”፣ የመሳሰሉት ይጠቀሳሉ፡፡<\/p>\n

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   የኢጣሊያ ወረራ ከተወልን ማስታወሻዎች መካከል ትልቁ በሀገራችን ቋንቋዎች ውስጥ የሚታየው የጣሊያንኛ ተጽእኖ ነው፡፡ በአማርኛ፣ ኦሮምኛና ትግርኛ ውስጥ በመቶዎች የሚቆጠሩ የጣሊያንኛ ቃላትን መቁጠር ይቻላል፡፡ በተለይም በቀድሞ ዘመናት ከተሽከርካሪ እና ትራንስፖርት እንቅስቃሴ፣ እንዲሁም ከኢንዱስትሪ ጋር በተያያዘ ከሚሰራባቸው ቃላት መካከል ብዙዎቹ የጣሊያንኛ መሰረት ያላቸው ናቸው፡፡ ዛሬም ድረስ የነዚያ ቃላት ቅሪቶች በሀገርኛ ቋንቋዎች ውስጥ ይስተዋላሉ፡፡ ከጣሊያንኛ ከወረስናቸው ቃላት መካከል “ፓስታ”፣ “ማካሮኒ”፣ “ላዛኛ”፣ “ስፓጌቲ”፣ “ስልስ” (ሳልሳ)፣ “አሮስቶ”፣ “<\/span>ፋብሪካ”፣ “<\/span>ጋዜጣ”፣ “ሊቼንሳ”፣ “ፉርኖ”፣ “ቪያጆ” (በመኪና የሚደረግ ጉዞ)፣ “ላቫጆ”፣ “ካሮሴሪያ”፣ “ካምቢዮ”፣ “ሞቶሪኖ”፣ “ፍሬን”፣ “ፊልትሮ”፣ “ሳልቫታዮ”፣ “ፖርቶ መጋላ”፣ “ፒንሳ”፣ “ቺንጊያ” ፣ “ፈረፋንጎ”፣ “<\/span>ኩሽኔታ” “<\/span>ኪያቤ”፣ “ካቻቢቴ” “ባሌስትራ”፣ “ቸርኬ” “ፒስታ” “ኮማርዳሬ” “ጎሚኒ” “ሮንዴላ” “ዲፍረንሻሌ” “ስፒናታ” “ሳልዳሬ” “ቡኮ”፣ “ፖምፓ” (ቧንቧ)፣ “አውታንቲ”፣ “ማኖ”፣ “ኢሊ ጎሬ”፣ “ቴስታ”፣ “ፑንቶ”፣ “ቦጦሎኒ”፣ “ካምቦ” ወዘተ…. የመሳሰሉት ተጠቃሽ ናቸው፡፡<\/p>\n

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*****<\/p>\n

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ጣሊያኖች ከተባረሩ በኋላ እንግሊዝኛ በሀገርኛ ቋንቋዎች ውስጥ ሰርጾ መግባት ጀመረ፡፡ በተለይ እንግሊዞች በኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ በነበሩባቸው አስር ዓመታት የእንግሊዝኛ ቃላት በሀገራችን ቋንቋዎች በብዛት ተወረሱ፡፡ በዚያን ጊዜ ከተወረሱት ቃላት ውስጥ እስከ አሁን ድረስ በአገልግሎት ላይ ያሉትን እንደ “ፖሊስ”፣ “ባንክ”፣ “ሚኒስቴር”፣ “ካፒታል”፣ “ኤሌክትሪክ”፣ “ኮሌጅ”፣ “አካዴሚ”፣ “ኤክስፐርት”፣ “ዲሬክተር” የመሳሰሉትን መጥቀስ ይቻላል፡፡ እንዲሁም እንደ ፕሮፌሰር፣ ዶክተር፣ ኢንጂነር፣ ጄኔራል፣ አድሚራል፣ ኮሞዶር፣ ኮሎኔል እና ካፒቴን የመሳሰሉ የማዕረግ ስሞችም የተወረሱት ከእንግሊዝኛ ነው፡፡

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    በእንግሊዝኛ ወደ ኢትዮጵያ መምጣት የተነሳ ፈረንሳይኛና ጣሊያንኛ በሀገራችን ቋንቋዎች ላይ የነበራቸው ተጽእኖ በፊት ከነበረበት ደረጃ ሊያድግ አልቻለም፡፡ ነገር ግን በሀገራችን ቋንቋዎች የተወረሱት የጣሊያንኛና የፈረንሳይኛ ቃላት በዘመኑ አገልግሎት መስጠታቸውን አላቆሙም፡፡ ለምሳሌ በቀዳማዊ ኃይለሥላሤ ዘመን “ኮሚሲዮን” እንጂ “ኮሚሽን” የሚባል የአማርኛ ቃል አይታወቅም፡፡ ከፈረንሳይኛና ከጣሊያንኛ የተወረሰ የሀገርና የከተማ አጠራርም ቢሆን በአማርኛ ቋንቋ አንዳች ለውጥ ሳይደረግበት ያገለግል ነበር፡፡ እንደ ምሳሌም “ቤልጅግ”፣ “ስዊስ”፣ “ሎንዶን”፣ “መስኮብ”፣ “ብሩክሴል” የመሳሰሉትን የሀገርና የከተማ ስሞች መጥቀስ ይቻላል፡፡<\/p>\n

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    ከቀዳማዊ ኃይለ ሥላሤ መንግሥት ውድቀት በኋላ ግን ከፈረንሳይኛና ከጣሊያንኛ የተገኙ የሀገርና የከተማ ስያሜዎች ከእንግሊዞች በተወረሱ ስሞች ተተክተዋል፡፡ በዚህም መሰረት “ቤልጅግ” ወደ “ቤልጅየም”፤ “ስዊስ” ወደ “ስዊትዘርላንድ.፣ “ብሩክሴል” ወደ “ብራሰልስ”፣ “መስኮብ”ም ወደ “ሞስኮ” ተለውጠዋል፡፡ በመሆኑም ከልዩ ልዩ  ቋንቋዎች በተገኙ የቦታ ስያሜዎችና ቃላት ተውቦ ይታይ የነበረው አማርኛ የመኮማተር ባህሪን ለማዳበር ተገዷል፡፡ <\/p>\n

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   ይህ ቀደምት ውርስ ስሞችን በእንግሊዝኛ አጠራሮች የመተካቱ ሂደት ሳያቋርጥ በመቀጠሉ ከሁለቱ ቋንቋዎች (ከፈረንሳይኛና ጣሊያንኛ) የተወረሱ የሀገር ስሞችን ከማራገፍ አልፎ በጥንታዊው አማርኛ ውስጥ መሰረት የነበራቸውን የሀገር ስሞችንም በእንግሊዝኛ ስያሜዎች መለወጥ ተጀምሯል፡፡ ለምሳሌ የዓለም ትልቋ ሀገር ከጥንት ጀምሮ በአማርኛ ስትጠራ “ሩሲያ” ነው የምትባለው፡፡ ከቅርብ ጊዜ ወዲህ ግን “ራሽያ” የሚለው አጠራር እያየለ መጥቷል፡፡ “ስጳኝ” የሚለው ትክክለኛ የአማርኛ አጠራር “ስፔን” በሚለው የእንግሊዝኛ ቅጂ ተቀይሯል፡፡ “አርመን” የሚለው አጠራርም በ“አርሜኒያ” ተተክቷል፡፡ “ቤልጅግም” ወደ “ቤልጅየም” ተቀይሯል፡፡ “ቆጵሮስ” የሚለውን ጥንታዊ የአማርኛና የግዕዝ አጠራር “ሳይፕረስ” በሚለው አዲስ ደራሽ የቅጂ ስም የሚለውጡ ሰዎችም እየበረከቱ ነው፡፡ በቀዳማዊ ኃይለ ሥላሴ ዘመን በኦፊሴል ያገለግሉ የነበሩት እንደ “ነምሳ” (አውስትሪያ) እና “ናርበጅ” (ኖርዌይ) የመሳሰሉ የሀገራት መጠሪያዎች በዚህ ዘመን በአማርኛ ቋንቋ አገልግሎት መስጠታቸውን አቁመዋል፡፡ <\/p>\n

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   ለሌሎች አገልግሎቶች የሚውሉ የፈረንሳይኛና የጣሊያንኛ ውርስ ቃላትም ቢሆኑ የመጥፋት እጣ ደርሶአቸዋል፡፡ ለምሳሌ በዛሬው ዘመን ከፈረንሳይኛ በተወረሰው “ኮሚሲዮን” የሚገለገል ሰው የለም፡፡ በአማርኛና በኦሮምኛ ቋንቋዎች በስፋት ሲያገለግል የነበረው “ኦፕራሲዮን”ም በዚህ ዘመን “ቀዶ ጥገና” እና “ኦፕሬሽን” በሚሉት ስሞች ተተክቷል፡፡ “ፔኒሲዮን” የሚለው ቃልም ሙሉ በሙሉ አገልግሎቱን አቁሟል፡፡<\/p>\n

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*****<\/p>\n

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 “እነዚህ ቃላት ድሮውንም የውጪ ቃላት በመሆናቸው ከአማርኛ መጥፋታቸው የሚያስነሳው አቧራ የለም” ይባል ይሆናል፡፡ ነገሩን በታሪክና በአንትሮፖሎጂ መነጽር ካየነው ግን ትልቅ ጉዳት አለው፡፡ ምክንያቱም የነዚህ ቃላት በቋንቋዎቻችን ውስጥ መኖር የ20ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን ታሪካችን የተጓዘበትን መንገድና የእኛነታችንን ህብርነት የሚያሳይ በመሆኑ ነው፡፡ ለምሳሌ አንድ ሰው የፈረንሳይኛ ቃላት በአማርኛ ውስጥ በመኖራቸው ተገርሞ “ይህ እንዴት ተከሰተ?…” የሚል ጥያቄ ቢያቀርብ የጅቡቲው ምድር ባቡርና የተፈሪ መኮንን ትምህርት ታሪክ ይተረክለታል፡፡ በጣሊያንኛ ቃላት ላይ ጥያቄ ለሚያቀርብ ሰውም የአምስቱ ዓመቱ የኢጣሊያ ወረራና የአርበኞቻችን የተጋድሎ ታሪክ ይነገረዋል፡፡ <\/p>\n

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በሌላ በኩል በአንድ ቋንቋ ውስጥ ያሉ ውርስ ቃላትና ሀረጋት የታሪካዊ ምርምር መሰረቶች የሚሆኑበት አጋጣሚም ሞልቷል፤ ቃላቱና ሐረጋቱ እንደ ታሪክ ማስረጃ የሚያገለግሉበት ሁኔታም አለ፡፡ ብዙ የታሪክ እንቆቅልሾች በቃላትና በሀረጋት መነሻነት ሊፈቱ ችለዋል፡፡ ከዚህም ባሻገር ዛሬ በግዴለሽነት ከኦሮምኛና ከአማርኛ ቋንቋ ውስጥ እየተወገዱ ያሉት የፈረንሳይኛና የጣሊያንኛ ውርስ ቃላቶቻችን ጠሊቅ የሆኑ ኪነታዊ ስራዎች የሚወጠኑበት መሰረቶች ሆነው ሲያገለግሉ ታይተዋል፡፡ እንደምሳሌም የቴዲ አፍሮን “ሼ-መንደፈር” እና “ላምባ ዲና”ን መጥቀስ ይቻላል፡፡ ቴዲ እየረሳናቸው ያሉትን አንድ የፈረንሳይኛና አንድ የጣሊያንኛ ቃላትን ወስዶ የሁለት ውብ ዜማዎች መሰረት አድርጎአቸዋል፡፡ በመሆኑም ውርስ ቃላቱን በነበሩበት ሁኔታ ማስቀጠሉ ተገቢ ነው፡፡   <\/p>\n

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   በዚህ ረገድ የሀገራችን ሚዲያዎችና ፕሬሶች ሃላፊነት በጎደለው ሁኔታ እያካሄዱት ያለውን አጥፊ ሚና መግታት አለባቸው፡፡ ፈረንሳይም ሆነ እንግሊዝ፣ ጣሊያንም ሆነ ጀርመን ሁሉም ባዕድ ነው፡፡ ፊት የመጣውንና በህዝቡ ውስጥ የቆየውን ቃል አስወግዶ በሌላ የባዕድ ቃል መተካት በምንም መልኩ የስኬት መለኪያ አይሆንም፡፡ በተለይ ግን በረጅም ዘመናት የታሪክ ጉዞአችን ያዳበርናቸውንና እኛ ብቻ የምንጠቀምባቸውን ጥንታዊ የሀገርና የከተማ አጠራሮች (ሩሲያ፣ ቆጵሮስ፣ አርመን፣ ደማስቆ፣ ስዊስ፣ ኡክራኒያ፣ ቱርክ፣ ኢጣሊያ፣ ሮማ፣ አቴና፣ ሶሪያ፣ ፍልስጥኤም፣ ሊባኖስ፣ ግብጽ ወዘተ.. የመሳሰሉትን) ከእንግሊዝኛ በተኮረጁ ስሞች (ራሽያ፣ ሳይፕረስ፣ ደማስከስ፣ ፓለስታይን፣ ኢጂፕት ወዘተ..) መተካት ይቅርታ የማይሰጠው ጥፋት ነው፡፡ ቴክኖሎጂንና የተቀላጠፈ አሰራርን መኮረጅ እንጂ ነባር ቃላትን ማጥፋት የእድገት መሰረት ሊሆን አይችልም፡፡ ዐረቦችም ሆኑ ፈረንጆች፣ ቱርኮችም ሆኑ ህንዶች እንዲህ ዓይነት ጥፋት ሲያጠፉ አይታዩም፡፡ እኛም ይህንኑ ፈለግ መከተል አለብን፡፡ ስለዚህ የሚመለከተው ሁሉ ለጉዳዩ አጽንኦት ሊሰጠው ይገባል፡፡<\/p>\n

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——–<\/p>\n

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አፈንዲ ሙተቂ<\/p>\n

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ግንቦት 13\/2006<\/p>\n

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ሸገር-አዲስ አበባ<\/p>\n

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Read more ›<\/a><\/div>\n

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