{"id":298413,"date":"2014-09-15T17:57:00","date_gmt":"2014-09-15T22:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mereja.com\/amharic\/?guid=be82e9a94295f2dc2b864099da8419f9"},"modified":"2014-09-15T17:57:00","modified_gmt":"2014-09-15T22:57:00","slug":"%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a4%e1%88%ad%e1%89%b5%e1%88%ab-%e1%88%85%e1%88%8d%e1%88%9d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/298413","title":{"rendered":"\u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1205\u120d\u121d!"},"content":{"rendered":"
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 \u12ab\u1265 \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u122b \u12f5\u1295\u1308\u1275 \u122d\u12a5\u12ee<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u121d\u133d\u12cb \u1308\u1263\u1201 \u120d\u1264\u1295 \u1230\u1325\u127c\u12cd\u201d\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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     \u12a0\u12ce\u1295! \u1275\u1293\u1295\u1275 \u12e8\u129b \u1293\u1275 \u1235\u1295\u120b\u1275 \u1208\u1290\u1260\u1228\u127d\u12cd \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1290\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u12e8\u12d8\u1218\u122d\u1295\u120b\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12db\u122c\u121d \u1265\u1295\u12d8\u121d\u122d\u120b\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12a8\u1260\u122b\u1208\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12a0\u1295\u12c8\u1240\u1235\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1271\u121d \u1260\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e8\u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u1353\u1235\u1356\u122d\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1296\u1228\u1295 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u1228\u130d\u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1201\u1208\u1273\u127d\u1295\u121d \u130d\u1295 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1205\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u1290\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12f0\u121d\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u1260\u1263\u1205\u120d \u1260\u1323\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u12cb\u1203\u12f5\u1295 \u12e8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u1265\u1243\u12ee\u127d \u1290\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u1201\u1208\u1273\u127d\u1295\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u12cb\u1265\u1295 \u12e8\u1234\u121d\u1293 \u12e8\u12a9\u123d \u1205\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u12cd\u1245\u122d \u1290\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u129b \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u121d\u122d \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u1260\u1275\u129b\u12cd\u121d \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12e8\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1300\u1260\u1293 \u1261\u1293\u1363 \u12f6\u122e \u12c8\u1325\u1363 \u12f5\u134e \u12f3\u1266\u1363 \u12e8\u1235\u130b \u134d\u1275\u134d\u1275\u1363 \u12a0\u121d\u1263\u123b\u1363 \u12c8\u12d8\u1270\u2026. \u1201\u1208\u1273\u127d\u1295  \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u1265\u127b \u1290\u12cd \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
—–<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
    \u1260\u122d\u130d\u1325 \u12a5\u120b\u127d\u128b\u1208\u1201\u1361\u1361  \u1260\u121d\u1295\u1263\u1265\u1293 \u1260\u12c8\u122c \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u1260\u12a0\u12ab\u120d \u12e8\u121b\u120b\u12cd\u1243\u1275 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1275\u1293\u134d\u1240\u129b\u1208\u127d! \u12eb \u1260\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u121d\u12d5\u122b\u134e\u127d \u201c\u121d\u12f5\u122a \u1263\u1205\u1228 \u1290\u130b\u123d\u201d \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1208 \u1232\u1320\u122b \u12e8\u1296\u1228\u12cd \u1300\u130d\u1293 \u1218\u122c\u1275\u1293 \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u12ed\u1293\u134d\u1240\u129b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12eb \u12e8\u1230\u121c\u1291 \u1260\u1228\u129b \u12a5\u12eb\u120d\u1295 \u1235\u1295\u1218\u12ab\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u1205\u12dd\u1263\u127d\u1295 \u12ed\u1293\u134d\u1243\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u12a5\u12cd\u1290\u1275\u121d \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b ! \u12e8\u12f3\u121b\u1275 \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12cd\u1245\u122d! \u12e8\u1218\u1320\u122b \u12a0\u1265\u12eb\u1270 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u12a8\u122d\u1235! \u12e8\u1200\u12cd\u120d\u1272 \u134d\u122d\u1235\u122b\u123e\u127d \u1240\u1265\u122d! \u12e8\u12a0\u12f1\u120a\u1235\u1293 \u12e8\u12d9\u120b \u12c8\u12f0\u1266\u127d \u1218\u12d8\u12ad\u122d! \u12e8\u1231\u12cb\u12aa\u121d\u1293 \u12e8\u12f3\u1205\u120b\u12ad \u1231\u120d\u1323\u1296\u127d \u12f0\u1265\u122d!<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12e8\u12a0\u1265\u1228\u1203 \u12f0\u1266\u132d \u1200\u1308\u122d! \u12e8\u121e\u1308\u1225 \u12a0\u1235\u1308\u12f6\u121d \u1200\u1308\u122d! \u12e8\u12d8\u122d\u12d3\u12ed \u12f0\u1228\u1235 \u1200\u1308\u122d! \u12e8\u120e\u122c\u1295\u12de \u1273\u12d5\u12db\u12dd \u1200\u1308\u122d! \u12e8\u12f0\u1303\u127d \u1200\u1228\u130e\u1275 \u1200\u1308\u122d! \u1260\u12a0\u12ed\u1260\u1308\u122c \u1300\u130d\u1295\u1290\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12f5\u134d\u1295 \u12a0\u134d\u122a\u1243\u1295 \u12eb\u12ae\u1229 \u12a0\u122d\u1260\u129e\u127d \u12e8\u1260\u1240\u1209\u1260\u1275 \u121d\u12f5\u122d!<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12e8\u1260\u1228\u12a8\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1270 \u12a0\u1265 \u1200\u1308\u122d! \u12e8\u1340\u1210\u12ed\u1271 \u1263\u122b\u12aa \u1200\u1308\u122d! \u12e8\u12a0\u1265\u1228\u1203\u121d \u12a0\u1348\u12c8\u122d\u1242 \u1200\u1308\u122d! \u12e8\u12a0\u1215\u1218\u12f5 \u123c\u12bd \u1200\u1308\u122d! \u12e8\u1204\u1208\u1295 \u1218\u1208\u1235 \u1200\u1308\u122d! \u12e8\u12e8\u121b\u1290 \u1263\u122a\u12eb\u12cd \u1200\u1308\u122d! \u12e8\u1204\u1208\u1295 \u1333\u12cd\u120e\u1235 \u1200\u1308\u122d! \u1260\u1235\u122d\u1245\u122d\u1245 \u12f5\u121d\u133b\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1230\u12cd\u1295 \u120d\u1265 \u12a5\u12e8\u1230\u1228\u1230\u1229 \u12e8\u1218\u130d\u1263\u1275 \u1200\u12ed\u120d \u12eb\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1325\u1260\u1265 \u12a8\u12cb\u12ad\u1265\u1275 \u12e8\u12c8\u1321\u1260\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u12f0\u122d!<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12e8\u134a\u12eb\u121c\u1273 \u130a\u120b\u12ed \u1200\u1308\u122d! \u12e8\u1235\u12d5\u120b\u12ed \u1260\u122b\u12ba \u1200\u1308\u122d! \u12e8\u12a6\u1266\u12ed \u1270\u12bd\u120c \u1200\u1308\u122d! \u12e8\u1270\u12ad\u120b\u12ed \u12d8\u12f5\u1295\u130d\u120d \u1200\u1308\u122d! \u12e8\u1206\u1274\u120d \u1353\u122b\u12f2\u12de \u1200\u1308\u122d! \u12e8\u12d5\u1241\u1263\u12ed \u1232\u120b \u1200\u1308\u122d! \u12e8\u121d\u1295\u12c8\u12f0\u12cd \u12f0\u122b\u1232\u12eb\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u12d3\u1209 \u130d\u122d\u121b \u1260\u201c\u12a6\u122e\u121b\u12ed\u201d \u1218\u133d\u1210\u1349 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u134a\u120d\u121d \u130d\u120d\u1325\u120d\u1325 \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u130e \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1228\u12a8\u120d\u1295 \u12dd\u1295\u1270-\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f5\u1295\u12c8\u12f3\u1275 \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u1295 \u12e8\u1240\u12ed \u12ae\u12a8\u1265 \u1275\u12dd\u1273 \u12c8\u1218\u12d8\u12ad\u122d!<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12e8\u134a\u12ee\u122a \u1200\u1308\u122d! \u12e8\u1233\u1263 \u1200\u1308\u122d! \u12e8\u121b\u122d\u1272\u1293 \u1200\u1308\u122d! \u12e8\u1265\u122d\u12bd\u1272 \u1200\u1308\u122d! \u134a\u12eb\u121c\u1273 \u130a\u120b\u12ed\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u1233\u1230\u1209 \u201c\u123d\u12ae\u122a\u1293\u12ce\u127d\u201d\u1295 \u12eb\u1260\u1240\u1208\u127d \u12cd\u1265 \u12e8\u12cd\u1266\u127d \u12a5\u1218\u1264\u1275!<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
—–<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
  \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u1295 \u1235\u1295\u1320\u122b \u1260\u1245\u12f5\u121a\u12eb \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a0\u12d5\u121d\u122e\u12a0\u127d\u1295 \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1218\u1323\u12cd \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u122b \u1293\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a0\u1235\u1218\u122b \u1293\u134d\u1246\u1275 \u12ed\u1308\u12f5\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u122a\u1293\u1363 \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u122a\u1272\u1363 \u12a0\u1272 \u133d\u1265\u1255\u1272!\u2026 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u12cd\u12ed \u1235\u1273\u121d\u122d! \u201c\u1240\u123d\u1272\u201d \u12a5\u12ae \u1293\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12eb\u1294 \u1260\u120d\u1305 \u12a0\u12d5\u121d\u122e\u12a0\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u12d8\u121d\u1263\u1263 \u1325\u120b\u12cb \u1270\u1238\u12ad\u134b \u1260\u1356\u1235\u1275\u12ab\u122d\u12f5 \u1235\u1275\u1240\u122d\u1265\u120d\u1295 \u201c\u12e8\u129b \u12cd\u1262\u1275\u201d \u12a5\u12eb\u120d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u1218\u133b\u12f0\u1245\u1263\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u1246\u1245\u120d\u123d \u1235\u1295\u132b\u12c8\u1275\u1293 \u1218\u120d\u1231 \u1320\u134d\u1276\u1295 \u201c\u1200\u1308\u122d \u1235\u1320\u129d\u201d \u1235\u1295\u1263\u120d \u12a5\u122d\u1237\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u1235\u1320\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u1230\u1235\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1320\u12eb\u1242\u12cd\u121d \u12e8\u12cb\u12d8 \u1235\u120b\u120d\u1206\u1290 \u201c\u12a0\u1235\u1218\u122b\u201d \u12ab\u120b\u120d\u1290\u12cd \u1208\u1320\u12e8\u1240\u1295 \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u1208\u129b\u12cd\u1295 \u1218\u120d\u1235 \u12a0\u12ed\u1290\u130d\u1228\u1295\u121d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u121b\u1293\u12cd\u1243\u1278\u12cd \u201c\u12cb\u123d\u1295\u130d\u1270\u1295\u201d \u12a5\u1293 \u122e\u121b \u12ed\u120d\u1245 \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u122b \u1290\u1260\u122d \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1260\u120d\u1325\u1265\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1264\u1275 \u1218\u12dd\u1219\u122b\u127d\u1295\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u12a5\u1295\u120d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u12a6\u12ac \u12a6\u12ac \u12a6\u12ac \u1235\u122b<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u1230\u120b\u121d \u1230\u120b\u121d \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u122b<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u121b\u122a \u12a8\u1303\u1353\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u1323<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u121b\u1235\u1270\u121b\u1229\u1295 \u1275\u1276 \u1260\u1266\u12ad\u1235 \u12e8\u121a\u121b\u1273<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a0\u1293\u130d\u1228\u129d\u1293 \u12a0\u1293\u130d\u122d\u1203\u1208\u1201<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u1260\u12a0\u121c\u122a\u12ab \u123d\u1309\u1325 \u12a0\u12f3\u134d\u1295\u1203\u1208\u1201\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b\u121d \u12a0\u120d\u127d\u120d \u1275\u130d\u122d\u129b\u121d \u12a0\u120d\u1230\u121b<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u1230\u1270\u1275 \u1265\u12ec \u120d\u130d\u1263 \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u122b \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u130d\u1325\u1219 \u201c\u12a0\u1295\u1273\u122b\u121d\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1209\u1275 \u12e8\u1205\u133b\u1293\u1275 \u1328\u12cb\u1273 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u122b \u12a8\u120d\u1263\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1275\u1320\u134b \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12cb\u133d\u12a6 \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u1313\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12db\u122c\u121d \u1260\u120d\u1263\u127d\u1295 \u1290\u130d\u1233\u1208\u127d \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u122a\u1293!<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
 —-<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a0\u1235\u1218\u122a\u1293! \u12a5\u1272 \u123d\u12ae\u122a\u1293! \u1230\u121c\u1293\u12ed\u1275 \u133d\u1265\u1255\u1272! \u1260\u12d3\u1209 \u130d\u122d\u121b \u120b\u1295\u127a \u12ad\u1265\u122d \u12e8\u133b\u1348\u12cd \u1275\u12dd \u12ed\u120d\u123b\u120d? \u12a5\u1235\u1272 \u12a5\u1293\u1235\u1273\u12cd\u1230\u12cd!<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u12a0\u1235\u1218\u122a\u1293 \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u122b\u12ec<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12ab\u1265 \u1210\u1295\u1272 \u1295\u130d\u1225\u1272 \u12ed\u1260\u120d\u1345 \u1218\u120d\u12ad\u12a5\u12aa<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a0\u121b\u12a0\u12f5\u12ec \u12ad\u122d\u12a5\u12e8\u12aa \u12a8\u120e\u12b9 \u12bd\u12a0<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a0\u1265 \u12a2\u12f0\u12ed \u12d8\u120e \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12ed\u12c8\u12f5\u1255\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
(\u12a0\u1235\u1218\u122b \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u122b\u12ec)<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
(\u12a8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12ed\u1260\u120d\u1323\u120d \u1218\u120d\u12ad\u123d)<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
(\u1260\u1229\u1245 \u1232\u12eb\u12ed\u123d \u1260\u12cd\u1260\u1277 \u1235\u1208\u1270\u121b\u1228\u123d)<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u1260\u12a5\u1304 \u12eb\u1208 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1233\u12ed\u1273\u12c8\u1240\u129d \u12ed\u12c8\u12f5\u1243\u120d)<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
——<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
  \u1338\u1338\u122b\u1275\u1364 \u134e\u122d\u1276\u1363 \u1210\u12dd\u1210\u12dd\u1363 \u12a0\u122d\u1260\u12a5\u1270 \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u122b\u1363 \u12a5\u121d\u1263\u130b\u120a\u12eb\u1296\u1363 \u12ae\u121d\u1262\u123d\u1273\u1276\u1363 \u12a0\u12f2 \u1313\u12a5\u12f3\u12f5\u1363 \u1243\u1298\u12cd\u1363 \u121b\u12ed\u1270\u1218\u1293\u12ed\u1363 \u1230\u121d\u1260\u120b\u12ed\u1363 \u130e\u12f3\u12ed\u134d\u1363  \u1308\u1300\u1228\u1275\u1363 \u12c8\u12d8\u1270\u2026 \u1260\u133d\u1211\u134d \u12e8\u121b\u12cd\u1243\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u1235\u1218\u122b \u1230\u1348\u122e\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1240\u1295 \u1260\u1206\u1290\u120d\u129d\u1293 \u1263\u12e8\u128b\u1278\u12cd \u12a5\u12eb\u120d\u12a9 \u12a0\u120d\u121b\u1201\u1361\u1361  \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u1235\u1308\u122b\u121a \u12e8\u12a0\u1235\u1218\u122a\u1293 \u1230\u1348\u122e\u127d \u1265\u12d9 \u1263\u1208\u1273\u122a\u12ae\u127d\u1295 \u12a0\u1265\u1245\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1265\u12d9\u12ce\u127d \u1308\u12f5\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u130b\u1308\u1218 \u1232\u1290\u1308\u122d\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u12a5\u1230\u121b\u1208\u1201\u1364 \u12a0\u1290\u1263\u1208\u1201\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u129b \u1245\u122d\u1265 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12cd\u12f5 \u120d\u1305 \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1228\u1233 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291 \u130d\u1295 \u12a0\u12dd\u129b\u1208\u1201\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
  <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
     \u12a0\u121b\u1291\u12a4\u120d \u12a5\u12eb\u1231 \u12ed\u1263\u120b\u120d! \u12a0\u1235\u1273\u12c8\u1233\u127d\u1201\u1275 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u120d? \u12a0\u12ce\u1295! \u12a0\u121b\u1291\u12a4\u120d \u1260\u129b \u12d5\u12f5\u121c \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12cb\u1295\u132b \u1218\u1265\u120b\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121d\u1275\u127d\u120d \u12eb\u1235\u1218\u1230\u12a8\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u1273\u120b\u1241 \u12e81980 \u12e8\u12a5\u130d\u122d \u12b3\u1235 \u1261\u12f5\u1293\u127d\u1295 \u124b\u121a \u1270\u1230\u120b\u134a \u1290\u1260\u1228\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u121b\u120a\u12eb \u1241\u1325\u1229 2 \u12ed\u1218\u1235\u1208\u129b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u121b\u1291\u12a4\u120d \u12e8\u12eb\u1294\u12cd \u1261\u12f5\u1293\u127d\u1295 \u1263\u12f0\u1228\u130b\u1278\u12cd \u1201\u1209\u121d \u1328\u12cb\u1273\u12ce\u127d \u1270\u1230\u120d\u134f\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1261\u12f5\u1291 \u12cb\u1295\u132b\u12cd\u1295 \u1232\u1260\u120b\u121d \u12a8\u1313\u12f0\u129e\u1279 \u130b\u122d \u1264\u1270\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u1270\u130b\u1265\u12de \u1270\u1238\u120d\u121f\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u121b\u1291\u12a4\u120d\u1295 \u12eb\u1235\u1308\u1298\u12cd \u12a8\u12da\u12eb \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12dd\u1290\u129b \u1261\u12f5\u1296\u127b\u127d\u1295 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u132b\u121b \u1261\u12f5\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u1261\u12f5\u1295 \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12a0\u1295\u12f0\u129b \u12f2\u126a\u12da\u12ee\u1295 \u12cb\u1295\u132b\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u12f0\u130b\u130b\u121a \u12eb\u1238\u1290\u1348 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
  <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
    \u12a0\u121b\u1291\u12a4\u120d \u12a5\u12eb\u1231 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1275\u1245\u12f0\u121d \u12a0\u1295\u12f0\u129b \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12cb\u1295\u132b\u121d \u1208\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u1200\u1308\u122d \u121d\u122d\u1325 \u1261\u12f5\u1295\u121d \u1270\u1230\u120d\u134e \u1270\u132b\u12cd\u1277\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1263\u120d\u1233\u1233\u1275 \u12e81981 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12cb\u1295\u132b\u1295 \u12eb\u1238\u1290\u1348\u12cd \u12a5\u1290 \u12a0\u121b\u1291\u12a4\u120d \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u1200\u1308\u122d \u1261\u12f5\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a0\u121b\u1291\u12a4\u120d \u12a5\u12eb\u1231\u1295 \u12c8\u122c \u1208\u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b \u130a\u12dc \u12eb\u1290\u1260\u1265\u12a9\u1275 \u12601988 \u1208\u12c8\u12f3\u1305\u1290\u1275 \u1328\u12cb\u1273 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1218\u121d\u1323\u1271\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u1235\u1218\u120d\u12a8\u1275 \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u12e8\u130d\u120d \u130b\u12dc\u1326\u127d \u1243\u1208-\u1218\u1320\u12ed\u1245 \u1263\u12f0\u1228\u1309\u1208\u1275 \u130a\u12dc \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12da\u12eb \u12c8\u12f2\u1205 \u1260\u121d\u1295 \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1208 \u1218\u1228\u1303\u12cd \u12e8\u1208\u129d\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1235\u1272 \u12e8\u12a0\u1235\u1218\u122b \u120d\u1306\u127d \u12c8\u122c\u12cd \u12ab\u120b\u127d\u1201 \u1235\u1208\u12a0\u121b\u1291\u12a4\u120d \u12a5\u12eb\u1231 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1260\u1209\u1295\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
—————–<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12c8\u12f0 \u121d\u12d5\u122b\u1265 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1270\u123b\u130d\u1228\u1293\u120d! \u1263\u122d\u12ab\u1293 \u130b\u123d \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u1209\u1275 \u1246\u120b\u121b \u12a0\u12cd\u122b\u1303\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u1290\u12cd \u12eb\u1209\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1246\u122d\u12f3\u1275\u1363 \u1270\u1230\u1290\u12ed\u1363 \u12a0\u120a\u130a\u12f0\u122d\u1363 \u12a1\u121d\u1210\u1300\u122d\u1363 \u1263\u122c\u1295\u1271 \u12e8\u1270\u1230\u1299\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u1260\u1246\u120b\u12cd \u121d\u12f5\u122d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1270\u12d8\u122d\u130d\u1270\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a9\u1293\u121b\u1363 \u1293\u122b \u12a5\u1293 \u1264\u1303 \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u1209\u1275 \u1265\u1204\u1228\u1230\u1266\u127d \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1229\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12cd \u12cb\u1290\u129b\u12cd \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u130d\u1295 \u1208\u129b \u1260\u1323\u121d \u1245\u122d\u1265 \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u12cd\u1295 \u1233\u1242\u1273\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1264\u1292 \u12a0\u121d\u122d \u12c8\u1323\u1275 \u12eb\u1235\u1308\u1298\u12cd \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u1228 \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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  \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u1228 \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u1260\u12cd\u1235\u1321 \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u130e\u1233\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u1209\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1201\u1209\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u1260\u1228\u12ad\u1270\u12cd \u130d\u1295 \u12e8\u1264\u1292 \u12a0\u121d\u122d \u130e\u1233 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1205\u12dd\u1261 \u12e8\u121a\u1290\u130b\u1308\u122d\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u1228 \u124b\u1295\u124b \u12a8\u1234\u121b\u12ca \u1264\u1270\u1230\u1265 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u12f0\u1260\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12da\u1205 \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1260\u1323\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u1240\u122d\u1260\u12cd \u1260\u12f0\u130b\u12cd \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u1293 \u1260\u129b\u12cb \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u1290\u1308\u1228\u12cd \u1275\u130d\u122d\u129b \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12ce\u127d \u12a8\u1325\u1295\u1273\u12ca\u12cd \u12e8\u130d\u12d5\u12dd \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u1208\u12f1\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u1228 \u124b\u1295\u124b\u1295 \u12a835 \u1260\u1218\u1276 \u12e8\u121b\u12eb\u1295\u1230\u12cd \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u12ed\u1293\u1308\u1228\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u201c\u1275\u130d\u1228\u201d \u12a8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u120c\u120b \u1260\u1231\u12f3\u1295\u121d (\u12a8\u1230\u120b \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262) \u1260\u1235\u134b\u1275 \u12ed\u1290\u1308\u122b\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u1275\u130d\u1228\u1293 \u1275\u130d\u122d\u129b \u1260\u1323\u121d \u12a8\u1218\u1218\u1233\u1230\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u1290\u1233 \u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f3 \u1208\u1206\u1290 \u1230\u12cd \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12ce\u127d \u120a\u1218\u1235\u1209\u1275 \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a\u121d \u1208\u1275\u130d\u122d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u1228 \u124b\u1295\u124b\u1295 \u1218\u120d\u1218\u12f5 \u1260\u1323\u121d \u1240\u120b\u120d \u1290\u12cd \u12ed\u1263\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u1228 \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u121d \u1275\u130d\u122d\u129b\u1295 \u1260\u1276\u120e \u1218\u120d\u1218\u12f5 \u12ed\u1240\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u12a8\u1320\u1245\u120b\u120b\u12cd \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1205\u12dd\u1265 50% \u12e8\u121a\u1206\u1290\u12cd \u1201\u1208\u1271\u1295\u121d \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u1293\u1308\u122d \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d (\u12ed\u1205 \u1241\u1325\u122d \u1275\u130d\u122d\u129b \u1265\u127b \u12e8\u121a\u1293\u1308\u1229\u1275\u1295\u1363 \u12c8\u12ed\u1295\u121d \u201c\u1275\u130d\u1228\u201d \u1265\u127b \u12e8\u121a\u1293\u1308\u1229\u1275\u1295 \u12a0\u12ed\u1328\u121d\u122d\u121d)\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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 \u121d\u12d5\u122b\u1263\u12ca\u12cd \u1246\u120b \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u1260\u1323\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12f0\u1295\u124b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1203\u121a\u12f5 \u12a2\u12f5\u122a\u1235 \u12a0\u12cb\u1274\u1363 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u12f5 \u12a2\u12f5\u122a\u1235 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a2\u12f5\u122a\u1235 \u1308\u120b\u12cd\u12f4\u12ce\u1235\u1295 \u12eb\u1348\u122b \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1230\u121e\u1295 \u120d\u1264\u1295 \u12eb\u1238\u1348\u1270\u12cd \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u1228 \u120d\u1305 \u130d\u1295 \u201c\u12a0\u1215\u1218\u12f5 \u123c\u12ad\u201d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1215\u1218\u12f5 \u123c\u12ad\u1295 \u12a0\u12c8\u1243\u127d\u1201\u1275 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u120d? \u12a0\u12ce\u1295! \u201c\u1263\u1261\u122c\u12ed\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u12a2\u120b \u1230\u122d\u130e\u201d \u12c8\u12d8\u1270.. \u12a5\u12eb\u1208 \u1260\u121b\u12ed\u1320\u1308\u1260\u12cd \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u1228 \u121d\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12dc\u1218\u12cd \u1270\u12c8\u12f3\u1305 \u12f5\u121d\u133b\u12ca \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u12ca \u12c8\u12f3\u1303\u127d\u1295 \u201c\u12a4\u120b \u1230\u122d\u130e\u201d\u1295 \u1232\u1348\u1273\u120d\u1295 `\u12a8\u1300\u122d\u1263\u12cd \u134c\u120e\u1236\u134a \u12a0\u1208\u12cd\u201d \u1290\u12cd \u12eb\u1208\u129d\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u1229 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
  <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
   \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u1228 \u1234\u1275 \u1208\u121d\u1275\u12c8\u12f0\u12cd \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1230\u12cd (\u1208\u1263\u120f) \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u1208\u121b\u1295\u121d \u1338\u1309\u122f\u1295 \u12a0\u1275\u1308\u120d\u1320\u12cd\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205 \u1309\u1265\u120a\u1277\u1295 \u120d\u1305 \u12e8\u12c8\u12f0\u12f0\u12cd \u12a0\u1215\u1218\u12f5 \u123c\u12ad \u1260\u1270\u12cb\u1261 \u130d\u1325\u121e\u127d \u12a5\u12eb\u12c8\u12f0\u1233\u1275 \u12d8\u1348\u1290\u120b\u1275\u1293 \u134d\u1245\u1229 \u120d\u1267 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12d8\u120d\u1246 \u1218\u130d\u1263\u1271\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u1228\u130b\u1308\u1325 \u1338\u1309\u122f\u1295 \u121b\u12e8\u1275 \u1300\u1218\u1228\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u122d\u1237\u121d \u130d\u1325\u121e\u1279\u1295 \u12a8\u1230\u121b\u127d\u1208\u1275 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u1338\u1309\u122f\u1295 \u1308\u120d\u1323 \u12a0\u1233\u12e8\u127d\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12f5\u120d \u12a0\u12f5\u122b\u130a\u12cd \u12c8\u12f2 \u123c\u12ad\u121d \u12ed\u12df\u1275 \u1260\u1228\u1228\u1361\u1361 \u201c\u12a4\u120b \u1230\u122d\u130e! \u12a4\u120b \u1230\u122d\u130e\u201d \u12a5\u12eb\u1208 \u1290\u130e\u12f0!<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
——<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u1230\u121c\u1295 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b!<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u1270\u12c8\u12f3\u1307 \u12e8\u12a8\u1228\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u1290\u12cd \u12eb\u1208\u127d\u12cd! \u12e8\u1200\u1228\u122d\u130c\u12cb \u12e8\u12f5\u122c \u12f3\u12cb \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1218\u1295\u1275\u12eb \u12a5\u1205\u1275 \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1218\u1235\u1208\u12cd \u12cd\u1262\u1277 \u12e8\u1230\u121c\u1295 \u1348\u122d\u1325! \u1260\u126a\u12f2\u12ee \u12a0\u12ed\u127b\u1275 \u12cd\u1260\u1277\u1295 \u12a0\u12f0\u1290\u1245\u12a9\u120b\u1275! \u12a0\u1260\u1266\u1279! \u1264\u1276\u1279! \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f6\u1279 \u1201\u1209\u121d \u12cd\u1265 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1298\u12cd \u12dd\u1290\u129b\u12cd \u1265\u122d\u1203\u1290 \u1203\u12ed\u1208 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u120b\u12ed \u1260\u1290\u1260\u122d\u1290\u1260\u1275 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1208\u12a8\u1228\u1297 \u1309\u1265\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u1265\u120e\u120b\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u1238\u12cd \u1260\u120a \u1265\u1208\u1290\u12ed \u1265\u1208\u1290\u12ed<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12dd\u1208\u120a \u1265\u1208\u1290\u12ed \u1265\u1208\u1290\u12ed<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a0\u120a\u120a \u1265\u1208\u1290\u12ed \u1265\u1208\u1290\u12ed <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a0\u1272 \u1313\u120d \u12a8\u1228\u1290\u12ed \u1265\u1208\u1290\u12ed<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12a0\u12ce\u1295! \u1262\u1208\u1295 \u12a8\u12a8\u1228\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u130b\u122d \u1235\u1219 \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1240\u1235 \u1265\u1204\u1228\u1230\u1265 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12cd \u12a8\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u1308\u12cd \u124b\u1295\u124b \u130b\u122d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12d0\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f2\u1205 \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u120b\u12ed \u1290\u12cd \u12a0\u1295\u1263\u1262 \u120a\u1218\u122b\u1218\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1263\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12c8\u120e\u1293 \u1260\u130e\u1303\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1228\u12cd \u12a0\u1308\u12cd \u121d\u1295 \u120a\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u130d \u12a5\u12da\u12eb \u1204\u12f0?\u2026 \u1218\u127c \u1290\u12cd \u12a5\u12da\u12eb \u12e8\u1204\u12f0\u12cd?\u2026 \u1218\u120b\u121d\u1275 \u12a8\u1218\u12d8\u1265\u12d8\u1265 \u1260\u1235\u1270\u1240\u122d \u121b\u1295\u121d \u1230\u12cd \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u1246\u1245\u120d\u123d \u1260\u121a\u12eb\u1218\u1228\u1243 \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u120a\u1348\u1273\u12cd \u12a0\u120d\u127b\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u1293 \u12a5\u129b \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1290\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1230\u1298\u129d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u1270\u1328\u1263\u132d \u121b\u1235\u1228\u1303 \u1235\u120b\u1208\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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  \u1262\u1208\u1295 \u12cd\u1265 \u1263\u1205\u120d \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u1263\u1205\u120d \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u1234\u1276\u1279 \u12ab\u1308\u1261 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u1338\u1309\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1218\u1230\u1270\u122d \u130d\u12f5 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1205\u12dd\u1261 \u12e8\u1262\u1208\u1295 \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u1228 \u124b\u1295\u124b\u1295\u121d \u12ed\u1320\u1240\u121b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1275\u130d\u122d\u129b\u121d \u1260\u1235\u134b\u1275 \u12ed\u1290\u1308\u122b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1323\u121d \u1273\u12cb\u1242 \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u1262\u1208\u1295 \u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1305 \u201c\u12d1\u1218\u122d \u12a5\u12db\u12dd\u201d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1300\u1265\u1203 \u1326\u122d \u12a8\u1218\u134d\u1228\u12ad\u1228\u12a9 \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u12e8\u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u12de\u1295 \u12a0\u12db\u12e5 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1290\u1260\u1228 \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u133d\u134c \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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  \u12a8\u12a8\u1228\u1295 \u123d\u1245\u1265 \u12c8\u12f0 \u1230\u121c\u1295 \u1235\u1293\u1218\u122b \u1273\u122a\u12ab\u12ca\u1277 \u12a0\u134b\u1264\u1275 \u12a0\u1208\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u1304\u1294\u122b\u120d \u1273\u122a\u12a9 \u12a0\u12ed\u1294 \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u122b\u12cd \u1293\u12f0\u12cd \u12a5\u12dd \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u1290\u1260\u122d \u12e8\u1230\u1348\u1228\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1240\u12ed \u12ae\u12a8\u1265 \u12d8\u1218\u127b \u12cb\u1293 \u12a0\u121d\u1263\u121d \u12ed\u1205 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12a0\u134b\u1264\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u1230\u121c\u1295 \u1235\u1295\u1260\u122d \u1295\u12f3\u12f3\u121b\u12cd\u1293 \u12a0\u1235\u1278\u130b\u122a\u12cd \u12e8\u1233\u1205\u120d \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u12a0\u1208\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1233\u1205\u120d \u12a5\u121d\u1265\u122d\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1308\u1295\u12d8\u1265 \u1218\u1320\u122a\u12eb \u1208\u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u1260\u1243\u127d\u12cd \u201c\u1293\u1245\u134b\u201d \u12a0\u1208\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12d3\u1209 \u130d\u122d\u121b \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1270\u1228\u12a8\u120d\u1295 \u12a8\u1206\u1290 \u1233\u1205\u120d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a5\u1233\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u12ed\u1296\u1229\u1260\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1265\u1276\u127d \u12ed\u1230\u121b\u1229\u1260\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1270\u12ad\u120d\u121d \u12ed\u1260\u1245\u120d\u1260\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u1260\u1265\u12db\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1228\u12cd \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u201c\u1228\u123a\u12f3\u201d \u12ed\u1263\u120b\u120d (\u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f6\u127d \u201c\u122b\u123b\u12ed\u12f3\u201d \u12ed\u1209\u1273\u120d\u1364 \u1235\u1205\u1270\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1364 \u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u1208\u129b\u12cd \u12a0\u1320\u122b\u122d \u201c\u1228\u123a\u12f3\u201d \u1290\u12cd)\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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  \u12e8\u201c\u1228\u123a\u12f3\u201d \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u12a8\u120c\u120b\u12cd \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12ed\u1260\u1275 \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u1290\u1308\u122e\u127d \u12a0\u1209\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c \u12ed\u1205 \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u12a8\u1233\u12d1\u12f2 \u12d0\u1228\u1262\u12eb \u1270\u1290\u1235\u1276 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12e8\u1308\u1263\u12cd \u1260\u1245\u122d\u1265 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 (\u126019\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12a0\u130b\u121b\u123d) \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u12eb \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u12e8\u12a0\u1201\u1297 \u1233\u12d1\u12f2 \u12d0\u1228\u1262\u12eb \u12a0\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1228\u127d\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1200\u1308\u1229 \u1201\u1209 \u1260\u130e\u1233\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u134b\u1348\u1208 \u1260\u1228\u1203\u121b \u121d\u12f5\u122d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u130e\u1233\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u12a0\u120d-\u1228\u123a\u12f5 \u12ed\u1263\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u12a0\u120d-\u1228\u123a\u12f5 \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u12e8\u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12cd \u12e8\u1260\u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u12a6\u1276\u121b\u1295 \u1271\u122d\u12ad \u1270\u12c8\u1230\u1290\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u1205\u12dd\u1265\u121d \u1208\u1290\u122d\u1231 \u12a0\u12f0\u1228\u1361\u1361 \u201c\u12a0\u120d-\u1231\u12d1\u12f5\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u1264\u1270\u1230\u1265 \u130d\u1295 \u201c\u12a0\u123b\u1348\u1228\u129d\u201d \u12a0\u1208\u1361\u1361 \u201c\u122b\u1234 \u1260\u1228\u1203\u12cd\u1295 \u1320\u1245\u120d\u12ec \u1218\u130d\u12db\u1275 \u1235\u127d\u120d \u1208\u121d\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u120d-\u1228\u123a\u12f5 \u130e\u1233 \u12e8\u1260\u120b\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u12f5\u122b\u1208\u1201\u201d \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u1308\u122b\u1308\u1228\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1271 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u1320\u1265 \u1270\u1290\u1233\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb\u12cd \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u12a0\u120d-\u1228\u123a\u12f5 \u130e\u1233 \u12a0\u1238\u1290\u1348\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u120d-\u1231\u12d1\u12f2\u12ce\u127d \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a2\u122b\u1245 \u1238\u1239\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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   \u12a8\u1325\u1242\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u130d\u1295 \u12e8\u12a0\u120d-\u1231\u12d1\u12f5 \u1264\u1270\u1230\u1265 \u1260\u12a5\u1295\u130d\u120a\u12de\u127d \u12f0\u130b\u134a\u1290\u1275 \u122b\u1231\u1295 \u12a0\u1320\u1293\u12ad\u122e \u1218\u1323\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a0\u120d-\u1228\u123a\u12f5 \u130e\u1233 \u120b\u12ed\u121d \u12f5\u120d\u1295 \u1270\u1240\u12f3\u1300\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u1290\u1233 \u12e8\u12d0\u1228\u1262\u12eb \u1260\u1228\u1203 \u1208\u12a0\u120d-\u1228\u123a\u12f5 \u130e\u1233 \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275 \u1232\u12a6\u120d \u1206\u1290\u1361\u1361 \u1228\u123a\u12f3\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u12eb\u12d9 \u1260\u1305\u121d\u120b \u1273\u1228\u12f1\u1361\u1361 \u1295\u1265\u1228\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u1270\u12d8\u1228\u1348\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u12ed\u1228\u12f3\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u1271\u122d\u12ae\u127d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1260\u122b\u1231 \u127d\u130d\u122d \u1260\u1218\u12c8\u1320\u1229 \u121d\u1295\u121d \u120a\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u130d\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u12a0\u120d\u127b\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u12a8\u12a5\u120d\u1242\u1271 \u1208\u1218\u12f3\u1295 \u1232\u1209 \u1263\u1205\u122d \u12a5\u12eb\u124b\u1228\u1321 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a0\u134d\u122a\u1243 \u121d\u12f5\u122d \u1270\u1230\u12f0\u12f1\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1231\u12f3\u1295\u1293 \u1260\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1218\u1296\u122a\u12eb\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1240\u1208\u1231\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f2\u1205 \u1228\u123a\u12f3\u12ce\u127d \u12a8\u12d8\u122d \u121b\u1325\u134b\u1275 \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u1208\u1218\u1238\u123d \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12e8\u1218\u1321 \u1270\u1348\u1293\u1243\u12ee\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1295\u1339\u1205 \u12e8\u12d0\u1228\u1265 \u12dd\u122a\u12eb \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u1209\u1275 \u12a5\u1290\u122d\u1231 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a0\u134d \u1218\u134d\u127b \u124b\u1295\u124b\u1278\u12cd\u121d \u12d0\u1228\u1265\u129b \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u1263\u1205\u120d \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u1208\u12a0\u12ab\u1208 \u1218\u1320\u1295 \u12e8\u12f0\u1228\u1230\u127d \u121b\u1295\u129b\u12cb\u121d \u1234\u1275 \u134a\u1277\u1295\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u1338\u1309\u122f\u1295 \u1218\u1238\u1348\u1295 \u130d\u12f4\u1273\u12cb \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12d3\u1209 \u130d\u122d\u121b \u1260\u12a6\u122e\u121b\u12ed \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1232\u1270\u122d\u12ad\u120d\u1295 \u201c\u121b\u1295\u129b\u12cd\u121d \u12e8\u1228\u123a\u12f3 \u1263\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u1235\u1271\u1295 \u134a\u1275 \u1308\u120d\u1326 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12ed\u1260\u1275\u1295 \u1230\u12cd \u12a0\u12ed\u1348\u120d\u130d\u121d\u201d \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1293\u1308\u1228\u12cd\u121d \u12e8\u1263\u1205\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a0\u12ab\u120d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
——-<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12c8\u12f0 \u121d\u1235\u122b\u1245 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1270\u123b\u130d\u1228\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1265\u122d\u12bd\u1272 \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u127d\u12cd \u121d\u133d\u12cb \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u1290\u12cd \u12eb\u1208\u127d\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1265\u122d\u1203\u1290 \u1203\u12ed\u1208 \u201c\u1238\u12cd \u1260\u120a \u1265\u1208\u1290\u12ed\u201d \u12e8\u1270\u1230\u1298\u12cd\u1295 \u12d8\u1348\u1295 \u1232\u1240\u1325\u120d \u121d\u133d\u12cb\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u12ed\u120b\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u201c\u12a0\u1265 \u12cb\u120a\u12f5 \u121b\u1233\u12cb<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a9\u1208 \u120a\u12e8\u1295 \u1212\u120d\u12cb\u201d<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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   \u1275\u122d\u1309\u1219\u1295 \u1260\u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u120d \u1263\u120b\u12cd\u1240\u12cd\u121d \u201c\u12e8\u121d\u133d\u12cb \u120d\u1306\u127d \u1201\u1209\u121d \u1323\u134b\u132d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1218\u120d\u12d5\u12ad\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12d8\u1208 \u12ed\u1308\u1263\u129b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u121d\u133d\u12cb \u120d\u1306\u127d \u1246\u1295\u1306 \u1293\u1278\u12cd \u1270\u1265\u120e \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u130b\u1308\u1218 \u1270\u1290\u130d\u122e\u120b\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12c8\u12f0\u1265 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1299 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12a0\u1240\u134d \u1235\u120d\u1323\u1294\u1293 \u120d\u12e9 \u120d\u12e9 \u1263\u1205\u120e\u127d \u1260\u1290\u122d\u1231 \u120b\u12ed \u1232\u1290\u134d\u1235 \u12ed\u1273\u12eb\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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  \u121d\u133d\u12cb \u1260\u1323\u121d \u12cd\u1265 \u1293\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed\u121d \u12aa\u1290-\u1205\u1295\u133b\u12cb \u1265\u12d9 \u1270\u1265\u120e\u1208\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12d1\u1235\u121b\u1293\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u1271\u122d\u12ae\u127d \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1300\u121d\u122e \u1265\u12d9 \u1308\u12e5\u12ce\u127d \u1232\u1348\u122b\u1228\u1241\u1263\u1275 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u127d \u1218\u1206\u1297 \u1260\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u12e8\u12cd\u1295 \u12aa\u1290-\u1205\u1295\u133b \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1233\u1218\u1228\u12cd \u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 \u12eb\u1235\u1228\u12f3\u1209\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u121d\u133d\u12cb\u1295 \u12ed\u12c8\u12f7\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u129b\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12c8\u12f3\u1273\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12c8\u12f0\u12da\u12eb \u1208\u1218\u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u12e8\u121a\u123b \u1230\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a5\u1233\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u134b\u1300\u12cd\u1295 \u1219\u1240\u1277\u1295 \u1218\u127b\u120d \u12a0\u1208\u1260\u1275-\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u1260\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u120b\u12ed \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1219\u1240\u1275 \u12ab\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u1235\u134d\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u12a0\u1295\u12f7 \u1293\u1275\u1293\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12da\u1205\u127d \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u1291\u122e\u12cd\u1295 \u12a8\u12a0\u12e8\u122d \u1338\u1263\u12e9 \u130b\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1323\u1323\u121d \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u130e \u1240\u12ed\u1236\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u1295\u130d\u12f5 \u12a5\u1295\u1245\u1235\u1243\u1234 \u12e8\u121a\u12a8\u1293\u12c8\u1290\u12cd \u12a8\u121d\u123d\u1275 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u12a5\u12a9\u1208 \u120c\u120a\u1275 \u1263\u1208\u12cd \u130a\u12dc \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1273\u12f2\u12eb \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u1208\u12d8\u12c8\u1275\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u130b\u1208\u127d \u12a0\u1275\u1240\u122d\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u130a\u12dc \u1219\u1240\u1271 \u130b\u1265 \u12ed\u120d\u1293 \u1324\u1293\u121b\u12cd \u12a0\u12e8\u122d \u12ed\u1290\u134d\u1235\u1263\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u12a8\u1325\u122d-\u12e8\u12ab\u1272\u1275 \u1263\u1208\u12cd \u130a\u12dc \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u1200\u121d\u120c \u12c8\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12c8\u122b\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u130e\u1260\u1298\u12cd \u1271\u122a\u1235\u1275 \u1260\u1323\u121d \u12ed\u1328\u121d\u122b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1240\u12f5\u121e\u12cd \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1240\u12f3\u121b\u12ca \u1283\u12ed\u1208\u1225\u120b\u1224\u121d \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u130e\u1265\u1298\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u1321\u1275 \u1260\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12c8\u122b\u1275 \u1290\u12cd (\u12a5\u122d\u1233\u1278\u12cd \u12eb\u1230\u1229\u1275 \u1264\u1270-\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u12a0\u1208)\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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     \u121d\u133d\u12cb \u1260\u12c8\u12f0\u1265\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120e\u1275 \u1218\u1235\u1320\u1275 \u12e8\u1300\u1218\u1228\u127d\u1260\u1275 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1260\u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u120d \u12a0\u12ed\u1273\u12c8\u1245\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1209\u1275 \u12a8\u1325\u1295\u1275 \u130a\u12dc \u1300\u121d\u122e \u1260\u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12cd \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1240\u1218\u1235 \u1230\u1348\u122b \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1201\u1295\u1293 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u1235\u121d\u1295\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12c8\u12f0\u1265 \u1232\u12eb\u1308\u1208\u130d\u1209 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u12a8\u121d\u133d\u12cb \u12a0\u1320\u1308\u1265 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u1325\u1295\u1273\u12ca\u12eb\u1291 \u201c\u12d9\u120b\u201d \u12a5\u1293 \u201c\u12a0\u12f1\u120a\u1235\u201d \u1290\u1260\u1229\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u121d\u133d\u12cb \u1270\u1348\u120b\u130a\u1290\u1275 \u1309\u120d\u1205 \u1206\u1296 \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1230\u1270\u12cd \u12e8\u1263\u1205\u122d \u1218\u12f0\u1261 \u12601508 \u1260\u12d1\u1225\u121b\u1293\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u1271\u122d\u12ae\u127d (Ottoman Turks) \u1260\u1270\u12eb\u12d8\u1260\u1275 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1271\u122d\u12ae\u1279 \u1260\u121b\u1235\u12a8\u1270\u120d\u121d \u130d\u1265\u133e\u127d\u1293 \u12e8\u12a2\u1323\u120a\u12eb \u12c8\u122b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u1270\u1348\u122b\u122d\u1240\u12cd\u1263\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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   \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1293 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1260\u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u12cb\u1203\u12f1 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u121d\u133d\u12cb \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12a5\u1218\u122d\u1273 \u121b\u1233\u12e8\u1275 \u1300\u121d\u122b \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12a81970\u12ce\u1279 \u1218\u130d\u1262\u12eb \u1300\u121d\u122e \u130d\u1295 \u12e8\u1326\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u1240\u1323\u1293 \u1206\u1290\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u123b\u12d5\u1262\u12eb \u1200\u12ed\u120e\u127d\u1293 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1230\u122b\u12ca\u1275 \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12a5\u120d\u1242\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1338\u1218\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1326\u122d\u1290\u1276\u127d \u12a0\u12ab\u1202\u12f0\u12cd\u1263\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed\u121d \u12601982 (\u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0. 1990) \u1260\u1270\u12ab\u1204\u12f0\u12cd \u1326\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u12a8\u1201\u1208\u1271\u121d \u12c8\u1308\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u1235\u122d \u123a\u1205 \u12e8\u121a\u1246\u1320\u122d \u1230\u122b\u12ca\u1275 \u1218\u122d\u1308\u1349\u1295 \u1201\u1294\u1273\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u1245\u122d\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1273\u1270\u1209 \u12c8\u1308\u1296\u127d\u1293 \u12e8\u12d0\u12ed\u1295 \u121d\u1235\u12ad\u122e\u127d \u1308\u120d\u1338\u12cb\u120d (\u12e8\u1200\u121d\u1233 \u12a0\u1208\u1243 \u1273\u12f0\u1230 \u1274\u120c \u1233\u120d\u1263\u1296\u1295 \u201c\u12a0\u12ed \u121d\u133d\u12cb\u201d \u12a0\u1235\u1273\u12cd\u1231\u1275)\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1240\u12f5\u121e\u12cd \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1218\u122a \u12ae\u120e\u1294\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1271 \u1283\u12ed\u1208\u121b\u122a\u12eb\u121d\u121d \u201c\u1208\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u123d\u1295\u1348\u1275\u1293 \u12aa\u1233\u122b \u12e8\u12f3\u1228\u1308\u1295 \u12cd\u12f5\u1240\u1275 \u12eb\u130b\u1320\u1218\u1295 \u1260\u121d\u133d\u12cb \u1290\u12cd\u201d \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1270\u1293\u130d\u1228\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12e8\u12f5\u122e\u12cd \u1205\u12dd\u1263\u12ca \u130d\u1295\u1263\u122d \u1213\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b (\u123b\u12d5\u1262\u12eb) \u12e8\u12a0\u1201\u1291 \u201c\u1205\u12dd\u1263\u12ca \u130d\u1295\u1263\u122d \u1295\u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u1295 \u1295\u134d\u1275\u1212\u1295\u201d (\u1205\u130d\u12f4\u134d) \u121d\u133d\u12cb\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u1246\u1323\u1320\u1228\u1260\u1275\u1295 \u12d8\u1218\u127b \u201c\u12a6\u1355\u122c\u123d\u1295 \u1348\u1295\u1245\u120d\u201d \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12ed\u1320\u122b\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u121d\u133d\u12cb \u12e8\u1270\u12eb\u12d8\u127d\u1260\u1275 \u12d5\u1208\u1275\u121d (\u12e8\u12ab\u1272\u1275 20) \u1260\u12e8\u12d3\u1218\u1271 \u12ed\u12a8\u1260\u122b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u12c8\u12f0 \u121d\u133d\u12cb \u12a8\u121a\u130e\u122d\u1349\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u12d5\u1208\u1273\u1275 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d\u121d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u12ed\u1205 \u201c\u12e8\u12a6\u1355\u122c\u123d\u1295 \u1348\u1295\u1245\u120d\u201d \u1218\u1273\u1230\u1262\u12eb \u12e8\u121a\u12a8\u1260\u122d\u1260\u1275 \u1240\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u121d\u133d\u12cb \u12e8\u1265\u12d9 \u1205\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u1218\u1296\u122a\u12eb \u1293\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12cb\u1290\u129e\u1279 \u1290\u12cb\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u130d\u1295 \u12e8\u12a0\u1233\u12cd\u122d\u1273\u1363 \u1233\u1206\u1364 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a0\u134b\u122d \u1265\u1204\u1228\u1230\u1266\u127d \u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1306\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb \u1260\u12cb\u1293\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1290\u1308\u1228\u12cd \u124b\u1295\u124b \u12d0\u1228\u1265\u129b \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u123b\u12d5\u1262\u12eb \u1218\u1235\u122b\u127d \u1270\u1265\u120e \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u12c8\u1240\u12cd \u12d1\u1225\u121b\u1295 \u1233\u120d\u1205 \u1233\u1264 \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u1208\u12f0\u12cd \u1260\u121d\u133d\u12cb \u12a0\u1320\u1308\u1265 \u12ab\u1208\u127d\u12cd \u1202\u122d\u130a\u130e \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1208\u127d \u12a0\u1290\u1235\u1270\u129b \u1218\u1295\u12f0\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a2\u1265\u122b\u1202\u121d \u12a0\u134b\u1363 \u1228\u1218\u12f3\u1295 \u1218\u1210\u1218\u12f5 \u1291\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u12d3\u120a \u1230\u12d2\u12f5 \u12a0\u1265\u12f0\u120b\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u1233\u1230\u1209\u1275 \u12e8\u1205\u130d\u1213\u12a4 (\u123b\u12d5\u1262\u12eb) \u12a5\u12cd\u1245 \u12ae\u121b\u1295\u12f0\u122e\u127d\u121d \u12e8\u121d\u133d\u12cb \u120d\u1306\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361  <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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  \u12a8\u121d\u133d\u12cb \u12c8\u12f0\u1265 \u12dd\u1245 \u1265\u120e \u1325\u1295\u1273\u12ca\u1277 \u12e8\u12a0\u12f1\u120a\u1235 \u12c8\u12f0\u1265 \u1275\u1308\u129b\u1208\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205\u127d \u12e8\u12c8\u12f0\u1265 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a8\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1276\u1235 \u120d\u12f0\u1275 \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u1300\u121d\u122e \u12e8\u1270\u1313\u12e6\u127d \u1218\u130d\u1262\u12eb\u1293 \u1218\u12cd\u132a\u12eb \u1290\u1260\u1228\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1325\u1295\u1271 \u122e\u121b\u12ca\u12eb\u1295\u1293 \u130d\u122a\u12ae\u127d\u121d \u1260\u12f0\u1295\u1265 \u12eb\u12cd\u124b\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u133c \u12ab\u120c\u1265 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12f0\u1261\u1265 \u12d0\u1228\u1262\u12eb \u1232\u12d8\u121d\u1275 \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122e\u1279\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u122d\u12a8\u1265 \u12eb\u1235\u132b\u1290\u12cd \u12a8\u12da\u1205\u127d \u12e8\u12c8\u12f0\u1265 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1200\u1308\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1260\u12f0\u120d \u12eb\u130b\u1320\u121b\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1290\u1262\u12e9 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u12f5 (\u1230.\u12d0.\u12c8) \u1270\u12a8\u1273\u12ee\u127d \u12a8\u1325\u1243\u1271 \u1208\u1218\u1238\u123d \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1232\u1218\u1321 \u1260\u12a0\u12f1\u120a\u1235 \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u1290\u1260\u122d \u12eb\u1208\u1349\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u120c\u120b\u121d \u1265\u12d9 \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1270\u1235\u1270\u1293\u130d\u12f6\u12a0\u120d-\u1260\u12a0\u12f1\u120a\u1235\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
———<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a8\u121d\u133d\u12cb \u12c8\u12f0 \u1218\u1200\u120d \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1208\u1218\u1313\u12dd \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f1\u1295 \u1235\u1295\u1300\u121d\u122d \u1260\u1245\u12f5\u121a\u12eb \u12e8\u121d\u1293\u1308\u1298\u12cd \u12e8\u1233\u1206 \u1205\u12dd\u1265\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u1260\u1235\u1270\u12f0\u1261\u1265 \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u12a8\u121a\u130e\u122b\u1260\u1270\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u134b\u122d \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u130b\u122d \u1270\u1218\u1233\u1233\u12ed \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u12e8\u12a2\u12ae\u1296\u121a \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12a0\u1208\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1201\u1208\u1271\u121d \u1260\u12a8\u1265\u1275 \u12a5\u122d\u1263\u1273 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u1229\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1201\u1208\u1271\u121d \u12a9\u123b\u12ca \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1293\u1308\u1229\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a0\u1208\u1263\u1260\u1235 \u130d\u1295 \u1233\u1206\u1295 \u12a8\u12a0\u134b\u122d \u1260\u1240\u120b\u1209 \u1218\u1208\u12e8\u1275 \u12ed\u127b\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c \u12e8\u1233\u1206 \u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1305 \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u1230\u12cd \u12a0\u134b\u122e\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u1320\u1241\u1275\u1295 \u201c\u130a\u120c\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1228\u1305\u121d \u1262\u120b\u12cb \u12a0\u12ed\u1273\u1320\u1245\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1233\u1206 \u1230\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1238\u122d\u1320\u12cd \u123d\u122d\u1325\u121d \u12a8\u12a0\u134b\u122d \u123d\u122d\u1325 \u1228\u12d8\u121d \u12ed\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u1260\u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a\u121d \u1233\u1206 \u1265\u12d9 \u130a\u12dc \u12a8\u12a5\u1301 \u1326\u122d \u12a0\u12eb\u1323\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1273\u12f2\u12eb \u12e8\u1233\u1206 \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1260\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u121d\u1235\u122b\u1243\u12ca \u12de\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u12a2\u122e\u1265 \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u12a8\u121a\u1293\u1308\u1228\u12cd \u124b\u1295\u124b \u130b\u122d \u1270\u1218\u1233\u1233\u12ed \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a2\u122e\u1265\u1293 \u1233\u1206 \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12eb\u12e9\u1275 \u1260\u121a\u12a8\u1270\u1209\u1275 \u12a5\u121d\u1290\u1275\u1293 \u1260\u12a2\u12ae\u1296\u121a \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1233\u1206 \u1219\u1209 \u1260\u1219\u1209 \u12e8\u12a5\u1235\u120d\u121d\u1293 \u12a5\u121d\u1290\u1275 \u1270\u12a8\u1273\u12ed \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a2\u122e\u1265 \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u121a\u1260\u12d9\u1275\u121d \u12ab\u1276\u120a\u12ae\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u120c\u120b\u121d \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u12e8\u12a2\u122e\u1265 \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u12a0\u122b\u123d \u1308\u1260\u122c \u12ed\u1260\u12db\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1270\u1308\u1208\u1338\u12cd \u12e8\u1233\u1206 \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u1260\u12a8\u1265\u1275 \u12a5\u122d\u1263\u1273 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u1228\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u1233\u1206\u1295 \u1235\u1293\u120d\u134d \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1275\u130d\u122d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a\u12cd \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u1260\u1235\u134b\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u122d\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12a0\u12a8\u1208 \u1309\u12db\u12ed\u1363 \u1230\u122b\u12ec \u12a5\u1293 \u1210\u121b\u1234\u1295 \u12a0\u12cd\u122b\u1303\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u1293\u1308\u129b\u1278\u12cb\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12ab\u1209\u1275 \u1265\u1204\u1228\u1230\u1266\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u1265\u12d9 \u1241\u1325\u122d \u12eb\u1208\u12cd (50 % \u12e8\u121a\u1206\u1290\u12cd) \u12ed\u1205 \u1275\u130d\u122d\u129b \u1270\u1293\u130b\u122a \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u1260\u1263\u1205\u1209\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u1260\u124b\u1295\u124b\u12cd \u12a8\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u130b\u122d \u12ed\u1218\u1233\u1230\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1205\u12dd\u1261 \u1260\u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u12a6\u122d\u1276\u12f6\u12ad\u1235 \u1270\u12cb\u1205\u12f6 \u12a5\u121d\u1290\u1275 \u1270\u12a8\u1273\u12ed \u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u12a8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u130b\u122d \u12eb\u1218\u1233\u1235\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1201\u1295\u1293 \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12cd \u1263\u1208\u1349\u1275 \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u12d8\u1218\u1293\u1275 \u12a8\u1323\u120a\u12eb\u1295\u129b\u1363 \u12a8\u12d0\u1228\u1265\u129b \u12a5\u1293 \u12a8\u1275\u130d\u1228 \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12ce\u127d \u130b\u122d \u1260\u1218\u12c8\u122b\u1228\u1231 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a8\u121a\u1290\u1308\u1228\u12cd \u1275\u130d\u122d\u129b \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12e8 \u12d8\u12ec \u120a\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u1245\u1277\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12a0\u1305\u130d \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u12e8\u1206\u1291 \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u12eb\u1209\u1275 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u130a\u1295\u12f3\u12d5\u1363 \u1210\u1219\u1232\u1275\u1363 \u1230\u1308\u1290\u12ed\u1272\u1363 \u12f0\u1240\u121d\u1210\u1228\u1363 \u1218\u1295\u12f0\u1348\u122b (\u12a0\u12f2 \u12d1\u130d\u122a)\u1363 \u12a0\u12f2\u12b3\u120b\u1363 \u1230\u1295\u12d3\u1348\u1363 \u12f0\u1263\u1229\u12cb \u12c8\u12d8\u1270\u2026 \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1299\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1200\u12a8\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u122b \u1309\u1265 \u1265\u120b \u1275\u1273\u12eb\u1208\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12a8\u1270\u121e\u1279 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u1260\u12d9\u1275 \u1260\u1323\u120a\u12eb\u1295 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u1246\u1228\u1246\u1229 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1230\u122b\u12ec\u1293 \u1260\u12a0\u12a8\u1208 \u1309\u12db\u12ed \u12a0\u12cd\u122b\u1303 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u130d\u1295 \u12e8\u1325\u1295\u1271 \u12e8\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u12d8\u1218\u1290 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1273\u12cb\u1242 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u201c\u1200\u12cd\u120d\u1272\u201d \u12a5\u1293 \u201c\u1218\u1320\u122b\u201d \u12e8\u1218\u1233\u1230\u1209 \u1218\u1295\u12f0\u122e\u127d\u1295 \u121b\u130d\u1298\u1275 \u12ed\u127b\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u134d\u122d\u1235\u122b\u123d \u1235\u122d \u1308\u1293 \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u1290\u12ab \u12f5\u120d\u1265 \u12e8\u12a0\u122d\u12aa\u12ee\u120e\u1302 \u1200\u1265\u1275 \u12a0\u1208\u1361\u1361 \u12c8\u12f0\u134a\u1275 \u1246\u1348\u1228\u1295 \u12e8\u121d\u1293\u12c8\u1323\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u121b\u1274\u122a\u12eb\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u1205\u12dd\u1266\u127b\u127d\u1295\u1295 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u1230\u12ad\u1229 \u124b\u121a \u1245\u122d\u1236\u127d \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u1308\u1295 \u120d\u1306\u127b\u127d\u1295\u1295 \u12a5\u1293\u1235\u1270\u121d\u122b\u1208\u1295 \u1265\u1208\u1295 \u1270\u1235\u134b \u12a5\u1293\u12f0\u122d\u130b\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361  <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
——-<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u1295 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u1296\u130d\u122b\u134a \u1309\u12de \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u1243\u129d\u1270\u1293\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u12da\u1201 \u12a0\u1293\u1260\u1243\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12c8\u12f0\u134a\u1275\u121d \u1260\u1270\u123b\u1208 \u12dd\u130d\u1305\u1275 \u1270\u1218\u120d\u1230\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12d8\u12ed\u122b\u1273\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12a0\u1201\u1291 \u1260\u12da\u1201 \u12ed\u1265\u1243\u1295!!<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u1230\u120b\u121d!!<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
—–<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a0\u1348\u1295\u12f2 \u1219\u1270\u1242<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u1290\u1210\u1234 30\/2006<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
—–<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
The writer, Afendi Muteki, is a researcher and author of the ethnography and history of the peoples of East Ethiopia. You may follow him on his facebook page. Just click this link<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/afendimutekiharar<\/span><\/a> <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n

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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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ጸሓፊ፡ አፈንዲ ሙተቂ<\/span><\/div>\n
———-                                                <\/p>\n

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ኤርትራ ዛሬ ራሷን የቻለች ሀገር ናት፡፡ ትናንት ግን የኛው አካል ነበረች፡፡ አጼ ኃይለ ሥላሤ ብልጥ የሆኑ መስሎአቸው ለሁላችንም አስፈላጊ የነበረውን የፌዴሬሽን ፎርሙላ ሰረዙትና ህዝቡን አስቀየሙት፡፡ ደርግ ደግሞ የራሳችንን ህዝብ እንደ ባዕድ እየቆጠረ በመትረየስ አጨደው፡፡ በታንክ ደመሰሰው፡፡ በዚህም የተነሳ ወጣቱ “አደይ ኤሪቲሪያ”ን እየዘመረ ወደ ባርካና ሳህል ነጎደ፡፡ ራሱን አደራጅቶ ጀብሃና ሻዕቢያ ሆኖ መጣ፡፡ ውጤቱም 1983 ላይ ታየ፡፡<\/p>\n

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   የደርግና የኃይለ ሥላሤ መንግሥታት ያደረጓቸው ነገሮች ሲገርሙን በጣም ግራ የሚያጋባው ሶስተኛው መንግሥታችን መጣ፡፡ ይህ የኛ መንግሥት “የተበላሸውን ሁሉ አስተካክለን አብረን መኖር እንችላለን” ብሎ መከራከር ሲገባው ጭራሹኑ “ኤርትራ ካልተገነጠለች ኢትዮጵያ ሰላም አታገኝም” ባይ ሆኖ ተገኘ፡፡ ክፍለ ሀገሩ “ሓርነት ወጣ” ከተባለ በኋላ ደግሞ መንግሥቱ ከሚከተለው ግልጽነት የጎደለው አሰራር የተነሳ በ1990 ሺዎችን ያረገፈ ግዙፍ ጦርነት ተቀሰቀሰ፡፡ ከአንድ ምንጭ የተቀዱ ህዝቦች ተጋደሉ፡፡ እነሆ ዛሬም ድረስ ነገሩ ሳይለይለት በጨለማ ውስጥ ነው ያለነው፡፡<\/p>\n

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   እኛ ግን ተስፋ አንቆርጥም! በአያያዝ ጉድለት የተለየንን ወገናችንን መመለስ እንፈልጋለን፡፡ ህዝቡ ለጊዜው ሪፈረንደም አድርጎ ነጻነቱን ማወጁን እናደግፋለን፡፡ ቢሆንም ህልም አይከለከለምና አንድ ቀን ተቀራርበን በጋራ ስለመስራት እንወያይ ይሆናል ብለን እናልማለን፡፡ የኛ ልጆች ደግሞ በኮንፌዴሬሽን ስለመስራት ያስቡ ይሆናል፡፡ የልጅ ልጆቻችን በፈቃደኝነት ስለመዋሃድ ያስቡ ይሆናል፡፡ በዚያን ጊዜም አሁን የምንመኘው በአንድነት ውብ የመሆን ሚስጢራችን ይመለስልናል ብለን እንመኛለን፡፡ ምን ይታወቃል? ለፈጣሪ የማይሳነው ነገር የለም፡፡ <\/p>\n

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ወገኖቼ ደጉን ነው የተመኘሁት፡፡ በቅን ልቦና በርትተን ከጸለይንና ከኛ የሚጠበቀውን ካደረግን ሁሉንም የሚችለው ፈጣሪ ህልማችንን እውነት ያደርግልናል ብለን ተስፋ እናደርጋለን፡፡<\/p>\n

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——-<\/p>\n

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   ምን እንደጣለብኝ እንጃ! ያንን ምድር እጅግ ሲበዛ እወደዋለሁ፡፡ እኔ ለተወለድኩበትና አብዛኛውን ዕድሜዬን ለጨረስኩበት የምስራቅ ኢትዮጵያ ክልል ጎረቤት ከሆነችው ሶማሊያ ይልቅ በ1600 ኪ.ሜ. የምትርቀው አስመራ ናት የምትናፍቀኝ፡፡ ስለሶማሊያ የተጻፈ መጽሐፍ ማንበብ ብዙም አይማርከኝም፡፡ ስለ ኤርትራ የተጻፈ መጽሐፍ ካጋጠመኝ ግን ሳላየው አላልፍም (ይህ ግን ሶማሊያን ከመጥላት እንደማይቆጠርብኝ ተስፋ አደርጋለሁ)፡፡ <\/p>\n

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    ታዲያ በርካቶቻችሁም እንደኔው ትመስሉኛላችሁ፡፡ ለምሳሌ ከ1970ዎቹ ጀምሮ ሲታተም የቆየው የቤኒ አምሩን ወጣት የሚያሳየው ፖስተር ዛሬም ድረስ ከኛ ጋር ተሳስሮ ነው ያለው፡፡ አሁንም ድረስ በበርካታ ስፍራዎች ተለጥፎ አይቼዋለሁ፡፡ በፌስቡክም እርሱን እንደ ፕሮፋይል ፒክቸር የሚጠቀም ኢትዮጵያዊ ሞልቷል፡፡ በሌላ በኩል የኤርትራን ሙዚቃ የሚያዳምጡ ሰዎች በሽ ናቸው፡፡ ደራሲ መሐመድ ሳልማን መቐለ ሄዶ ያየው ነገር ቢያስገርመው “በኤርትራ ሙዚቃ የምትጨፍር ከተማ” የሚል አስደናቂ ወግ ጽፎ እውነቱን አስረድቶናል፡፡ መንግሥታት ቢጣሉ እንኳ ህዝቦች ምንጊዜም እንደሚነፋፈቁ ከዚህ በላይ የሚያስረዳ ዋቢ ያለ አይመስለኝም፡፡<\/p>\n

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     ማርታ ሀይሉን አስታወሳችኋት? አዎን! ማርታን “ብራ… ነው… ብራ ነው”፤ “አዘዞ”፤ “ሎጋ ..ና እናውጋ” በተሰኙት ዘፈኖቿ እናውቃታለን፡፡ ከማርታ ዘፈኖች ዘወትር ቀልቤን ይገዛ የነበረው ግን የትግርኛ ዜማዋ ነው፡፡ አዝማቹ እንዲህ ይመስለኛል፡፡ <\/p>\n

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 ካብ አስመራ ድንገት ርእዮ<\/p>\n

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ምጽዋ ገባሁ ልበይ ሕብዮ፡፡<\/p>\n

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እንተርጉመው እንዴ?… ግድ የለም ማርታ ራሷ እንዲህ እያለች በአማርኛ ተርጉማዋለች፡፡<\/p>\n

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“ከአስመራ ድንገት አይቼው<\/p>\n

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ምጽዋ ገባሁ ልቤን ሰጥቼው”፡፡<\/p>\n

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     አዎን! ትናንት የኛ ናት ስንላት ለነበረችው ኤርትራ ነው እንዲህ የዘመርንላት፡፡ ዛሬም ብንዘምርላት እንከበራለን እንጂ አንወቀስም፡፡ ምክንያቱም በመንግሥት ደረጃ ነው የተለያየነው፡፡ ሁለት ፓስፖርት እንዲኖረን ነው የተደረግነው፡፡ ሁለታችንም ግን አንድ ህዝቦች ነን፡፡ በደምም ሆነ በባህል በጣም የተዋሃድን የአንድ መሬት ብቃዮች ነን፡፡ ሁለታችንም የተዋብን የሴምና የኩሽ ህዝቦች ውቅር ነን፡፡ እንደኛ የሚያምር ህዝብ በትኛውም ዓለም የለም፡፡ የጀበና ቡና፣ ዶሮ ወጥ፣ ድፎ ዳቦ፣ የስጋ ፍትፍት፣ አምባሻ፣ ወዘተ…. ሁለታችን  ዘንድ ብቻ ነው ያለው፡፡<\/p>\n

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    በርግጥ እላችኋለሁ፡፡  በምንባብና በወሬ እንጂ በአካል የማላውቃት ኤርትራ ትናፍቀኛለች! ያ በታሪክ ምዕራፎች “ምድሪ ባህረ ነጋሽ” እየተባለ ሲጠራ የኖረው ጀግና መሬትና ህዝብ ይናፍቀኛል፡፡ ያ የሰሜኑ በረኛ እያልን ስንመካበት የነበረው ህዝባችን ይናፍቃል፡፡<\/p>\n

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እውነትም ኤርትራ ! የዳማት ታሪክ ውቅር! የመጠራ አብያተ መንግሥታት ከርስ! የሀውልቲ ፍርስራሾች ቀብር! የአዱሊስና የዙላ ወደቦች መዘክር! የሱዋኪምና የዳህላክ ሱልጣኖች ደብር!<\/p>\n

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ኤርትራ የአብረሃ ደቦጭ ሀገር! የሞገሥ አስገዶም ሀገር! የዘርዓይ ደረስ ሀገር! የሎሬንዞ ታዕዛዝ ሀገር! የደጃች ሀረጎት ሀገር! በአይበገሬ ጀግንነታቸው ድፍን አፍሪቃን ያኮሩ አርበኞች የበቀሉበት ምድር!<\/p>\n

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ኤርትራ የበረከት መንግሥተ አብ ሀገር! የፀሐይቱ ባራኪ ሀገር! የአብረሃም አፈወርቂ ሀገር! የአሕመድ ሼኽ ሀገር! የሄለን መለስ ሀገር! የየማነ ባሪያው ሀገር! የሄለን ጳውሎስ ሀገር! በስርቅርቅ ድምጻቸው የሰውን ልብ እየሰረሰሩ የመግባት ሀይል ያላቸው የጥበብ ከዋክብት የወጡበት መንደር!<\/p>\n

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ኤርትራ የፊያሜታ ጊላይ ሀገር! የስዕላይ በራኺ ሀገር! የኦቦይ ተኽሌ ሀገር! የተክላይ ዘድንግል ሀገር! የሆቴል ፓራዲዞ ሀገር! የዕቁባይ ሲላ ሀገር! የምንወደው ደራሲያችን በዓሉ ግርማ በ“ኦሮማይ” መጽሐፉ እንደ ፊልም ግልጥልጥ አድርጎ እየተረከልን ዝንተ-ዓለም እንድንወዳት ያደረገን የቀይ ኮከብ ትዝታ ወመዘክር!<\/p>\n

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ኤርትራ የፊዮሪ ሀገር! የሳባ ሀገር! የማርቲና ሀገር! የብርኽቲ ሀገር! ፊያሜታ ጊላይን የመሳሰሉ “ሽኮሪናዎች”ን ያበቀለች ውብ የውቦች እመቤት!<\/p>\n

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—–<\/p>\n

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  ኤርትራን ስንጠራ በቅድሚያ ወደ አዕምሮአችን የምትመጣው አስመራ ናት፡፡ የአስመራ ናፍቆት ይገድላል፡፡ አስመሪና፣ አስመሪቲ፣ አቲ ጽብቕቲ!… <\/p>\n

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ውይ ስታምር! “ቀሽቲ” እኮ ናት፡፡ ያኔ በልጅ አዕምሮአችን በዘምባባ ጥላዋ ተሸክፋ በፖስትካርድ ስትቀርብልን “የኛ ውቢት” እያልን እንመጻደቅባት ነበር፡፡ እንቆቅልሽ ስንጫወትና መልሱ ጠፍቶን “ሀገር ስጠኝ” ስንባል እርሷን ለመስጠት እንሰስት ነበር፡፡ ጠያቂውም የዋዘ ስላልሆነ “አስመራ” ካላልነው ለጠየቀን ጥያቄ ትክክለኛውን መልስ አይነግረንም ነበር፡፡ ከማናውቃቸው “ዋሽንግተን” እና ሮማ ይልቅ አስመራ ነበር የምትበልጥብን፡፡ በትምህርት ቤት መዝሙራችንም እንዲህ እንል ነበር፡፡<\/p>\n

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ኦኬ ኦኬ ኦኬ ስራ<\/p>\n

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ሰላም ሰላም ወደ አስመራ<\/p>\n

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አዲስ አስተማሪ ከጃፓን የመጣ<\/p>\n

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ማስተማሩን ትቶ በቦክስ የሚማታ<\/p>\n

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አናግረኝና አናግርሃለሁ<\/p>\n

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በአሜሪካ ሽጉጥ አዳፍንሃለሁ፡፡<\/p>\n

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አማርኛም አልችል ትግርኛም አልሰማ<\/p>\n

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ሰተት ብዬ ልግባ አስመራ ከተማ፡፡<\/p>\n

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ግጥሙ “አንታራም” የሚሉት የህጻናት ጨዋታ ዓይነት ነው፡፡ ነገር ግን አስመራ ከልባችን እንዳትጠፋ አስተዋጽኦ አድርጓል፡፡ ዛሬም በልባችን ነግሳለች አስመሪና!<\/p>\n

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 —-<\/p>\n

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አስመሪና! እቲ ሽኮሪና! ሰሜናይት ጽብቕቲ! በዓሉ ግርማ ላንቺ ክብር የጻፈው ትዝ ይልሻል? እስቲ እናስታውሰው!<\/p>\n

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አስመሪና አስመራዬ<\/p>\n

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ካብ ሐንቲ ንግሥቲ ይበልፅ መልክእኪ<\/p>\n

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አማአድዬ ክርእየኪ ከሎኹ ኽአ<\/p>\n

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አብ ኢደይ ዘሎ ነገር ይወድቕ፡፡<\/p>\n

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(አስመራ አስመራዬ)<\/p>\n

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(ከአንድ ንግሥት ይበልጣል መልክሽ)<\/p>\n

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(በሩቅ ሲያይሽ በውበቷ ስለተማረሽ)<\/p>\n

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በእጄ ያለ ነገር ሳይታወቀኝ ይወድቃል)<\/p>\n

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——<\/p>\n

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  ጸጸራት፤ ፎርቶ፣ ሐዝሐዝ፣ አርበእተ አስመራ፣ እምባጋሊያኖ፣ ኮምቢሽታቶ፣ አዲ ጓእዳድ፣ ቃኘው፣ ማይተመናይ፣ ሰምበላይ፣ ጎዳይፍ፣  ገጀረት፣ ወዘተ… በጽሑፍ የማውቃቸው የአስመራ ሰፈሮች ናቸው፡፡ አንድ ቀን በሆነልኝና ባየኋቸው እያልኩ አልማሁ፡፡  እነዚህ አስገራሚ የአስመሪና ሰፈሮች ብዙ ባለታሪኮችን አብቅለዋል፡፡ ብዙዎች ገድላቸው እየተደጋገመ ሲነገርላቸው እሰማለሁ፤ አነባለሁ፡፡ ለኛ ቅርብ የነበረ አንድ ውድ ልጅ እየተረሳ በመሆኑ ግን አዝኛለሁ፡፡<\/p>\n

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     አማኑኤል እያሱ ይባላል! አስታወሳችሁት አይደል? አዎን! አማኑኤል በኛ ዕድሜ ዘመን ኢትዮጵያ ዋንጫ መብላት እንደምትችል ያስመሰከረው የታላቁ የ1980 የእግር ኳስ ቡድናችን ቋሚ ተሰላፊ ነበረ፡፡ የማሊያ ቁጥሩ 2 ይመስለኛል፡፡ አማኑኤል የያኔው ቡድናችን ባደረጋቸው ሁሉም ጨዋታዎች ተሰልፏል፡፡ ቡድኑ ዋንጫውን ሲበላም ከጓደኞቹ ጋር ቤተመንግሥት ድረስ ተጋብዞ ተሸልሟል፡፡ አማኑኤልን ያስገኘው ከዚያ ዘመን ዝነኛ ቡድኖቻችን መካከል አንዱ የነበረው የኤርትራ ጫማ ቡድን ነው፡፡ ይህ ቡድን የኤርትራ አንደኛ ዲቪዚዮን ዋንጫን በተደጋጋሚ ያሸነፈ ነው፡፡ <\/p>\n

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    አማኑኤል እያሱ በኢትዮጵያ ትቅደም አንደኛ ደረጃ ዋንጫም ለኤርትራ ክፍለ ሀገር ምርጥ ቡድንም ተሰልፎ ተጫውቷል፡፡ ባልሳሳት የ1981 የኢትዮጵያ ዋንጫን ያሸነፈው እነ አማኑኤል የነበሩበት የኤርትራ ክፍለ ሀገር ቡድን ነው፡፡ የአማኑኤል እያሱን ወሬ ለመጨረሻ ጊዜ ያነበብኩት በ1988 ለወዳጅነት ጨዋታ አዲስ አበባ መምጣቱን በማስመልከት በርካታ የግል ጋዜጦች ቃለ-መጠይቅ ባደረጉለት ጊዜ ነው፡፡ ከዚያ ወዲህ በምን ሁኔታ ላይ እንዳለ መረጃው የለኝም፡፡ እስቲ የአስመራ ልጆች ወሬው ካላችሁ ስለአማኑኤል እያሱ አንድ ነገር በሉን፡፡<\/p>\n

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—————–<\/p>\n

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አሁን ወደ ምዕራብ ኤርትራ ተሻግረናል! ባርካና ጋሽ የሚባሉት ቆላማ አውራጃዎች እዚህ ነው ያሉት፡፡ አቆርዳት፣ ተሰነይ፣ አሊጊደር፣ ኡምሐጀር፣ ባሬንቱ የተሰኙት ከተሞች በቆላው ምድር ውስጥ ተዘርግተዋል፡፡ ኩናማ፣ ናራ እና ቤጃ የሚባሉት ብሄረሰቦች እዚህ ነው የሚኖሩት፡፡ የአካባቢው ዋነኛው ህዝብ ግን ለኛ በጣም ቅርብ የሆነውን ሳቂታውን የቤኒ አምር ወጣት ያስገኘው የትግረ ህዝብ ነው፡፡ <\/p>\n

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  የትግረ ህዝብ በውስጡ በርካታ ጎሳዎች አሉት፡፡ ከሁሉም የሚበረክተው ግን የቤኒ አምር ጎሳ ነው፡፡ ህዝቡ የሚነጋገርበት የትግረ ቋንቋ ከሴማዊ ቤተሰብ ነው የሚመደበው፡፡ ለዚህ ቋንቋ በጣም የሚቀርበው በደጋው ኤርትራና በኛዋ የትግራይ ክልል የሚነገረው ትግርኛ ነው፡፡ እነዚህ ሁለት ቋንቋዎች ከጥንታዊው የግዕዝ ቋንቋ ነው የተወለዱት፡፡ የትግረ ቋንቋን ከ35 በመቶ የማያንሰው የኤርትራ ህዝብ ይናገረዋል፡፡ “ትግረ” ከኤርትራ ሌላ በሱዳንም (ከሰላ አካባቢ) በስፋት ይነገራል፡፡<\/p>\n

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ትግረና ትግርኛ በጣም ከመመሳሰላቸው የተነሳ እንግዳ ለሆነ ሰው አንድ ዓይነት ቋንቋዎች ሊመስሉት ይችላሉ፡፡ በተጨማሪም ለትግርኛ ተናጋሪዎች የትግረ ቋንቋን መልመድ በጣም ቀላል ነው ይባላል፡፡ የትግረ ተናጋሪም ትግርኛን በቶሎ መልመድ ይቀለዋል፡፡ በመሆኑም ከጠቅላላው የኤርትራ ህዝብ 50% የሚሆነው ሁለቱንም ቋንቋዎች መናገር ይችላል (ይህ ቁጥር ትግርኛ ብቻ የሚናገሩትን፣ ወይንም “ትግረ” ብቻ የሚናገሩትን አይጨምርም)፡፡<\/p>\n

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 ምዕራባዊው ቆላ ኤርትራዊያን በጣም የሚያደንቋቸውን እንደ ሃሚድ ኢድሪስ አዋቴ፣ ሙሐመድ ኢድሪስ እና ኢድሪስ ገላውዴዎስን ያፈራ መሬት ነው፡፡ በዚህ ሰሞን ልቤን ያሸፈተው የትግረ ልጅ ግን “አሕመድ ሼክ” ነው፡፡ አሕመድ ሼክን አወቃችሁት አይደል? አዎን! “ባቡሬይ”፣ “ኢላ ሰርጎ” ወዘተ.. እያለ በማይጠገበው የትግረ ምት የሚያዜመው ተወዳጅ ድምጻዊ ነው፡፡ አንድ ኤርትራዊ ወዳጃችን “ኤላ ሰርጎ”ን ሲፈታልን `ከጀርባው ፌሎሶፊ አለው” ነው ያለኝ፡፡ ነገሩ እንዲህ ነው፡፡<\/p>\n

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   የትግረ ሴት ለምትወደው አንድ ሰው (ለባሏ) እንጂ ለማንም ጸጉሯን አትገልጠውም፡፡ ስለዚህ ጉብሊቷን ልጅ የወደደው አሕመድ ሼክ በተዋቡ ግጥሞች እያወደሳት ዘፈነላትና ፍቅሩ ልቧ ውስጥ ዘልቆ መግባቱን ለማረጋገጥ ጸጉሯን ማየት ጀመረ፡፡ እርሷም ግጥሞቹን ከሰማችለት በኋላ ጸጉሯን ገልጣ አሳየችው፡፡ ድል አድራጊው ወዲ ሼክም ይዟት በረረ፡፡ “ኤላ ሰርጎ! ኤላ ሰርጎ” እያለ ነጎደ!<\/p>\n

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——<\/p>\n

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ሰሜን ኤርትራ!<\/p>\n

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ተወዳጇ የከረን ከተማ እዚህ ነው ያለችው! የሀረርጌዋ የድሬ ዳዋ ከተማ መንትያ እህት የምትመስለው ውቢቷ የሰሜን ፈርጥ! በቪዲዮ አይቻት ውበቷን አደነቅኩላት! አበቦቹ! ቤቶቹ! መንገዶቹ ሁሉም ውብ ናቸው፡፡ ከትግራይ የተገኘው ዝነኛው ብርሃነ ሃይለ አንድ ላይ በነበርነበት ዘመን ለከረኗ ጉብል እንዲህ ብሎላታል፡፡<\/p>\n

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ሸው በሊ ብለነይ ብለነይ<\/p>\n

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ዝለሊ ብለነይ ብለነይ<\/p>\n

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አሊሊ ብለነይ ብለነይ <\/p>\n

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አቲ ጓል ከረነይ ብለነይ<\/p>\n

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አዎን! ቢለን ከከረን ከተማ ጋር ስሙ የሚጠቀስ ብሄረሰብ ነው፡፡ ቋንቋው ከኛው የአገው ቋንቋ ጋር አንድ ዐይነት ነው፡፡ እንግዲህ እዚህ ላይ ነው አንባቢ ሊመራመር የሚገባው፡፡ በወሎና በጎጃም የሚኖረው አገው ምን ሊያደርግ እዚያ ሄደ?… መቼ ነው እዚያ የሄደው?… መላምት ከመዘብዘብ በስተቀር ማንም ሰው ይህንን እንቆቅልሽ በሚያመረቃ ሁኔታ ሊፈታው አልቻለም፡፡ ኤርትራና እኛ አንድ ነን የሚያሰኘኝ እንዲህ ዓይነት ተጨባጭ ማስረጃ ስላለን ነው፡፡ <\/p>\n

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  ቢለን ውብ ባህል ያለው ህዝብ ነው፡፡ በዚህ ህዝብ ባህል መሰረት ሴቶቹ ካገቡ በኋላ ጸጉራቸውን መሰተር ግድ ነው፡፡ ህዝቡ የቢለን ቋንቋ ተናጋሪ ቢሆንም የትግረ ቋንቋንም ይጠቀማል፡፡ ትግርኛም በስፋት ይነገራል፡፡ በጣም ታዋቂ የሆነው የቢለን ተወላጅ “ዑመር እዛዝ” ነው፡፡ የጀብሃ ጦር ከመፍረክረኩ በፊት የሁለተኛው ዞን አዛዥ እንደነበረ ከዚህ በፊት ጽፌ ነበር፡፡<\/p>\n

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  ከከረን ሽቅብ ወደ ሰሜን ስናመራ ታሪካዊቷ አፋቤት አለች፡፡ ጄኔራል ታሪኩ አይኔ የሚመራው ናደው እዝ እዚህ ነበር የሰፈረው፡፡ የቀይ ኮከብ ዘመቻ ዋና አምባም ይህ ነበር፡፡ ከአፋቤት ወደ ሰሜን ስንበር ንዳዳማውና አስቸጋሪው የሳህል መሬት አለ፡፡ በሳህል እምብርት ላይ የኤርትራ ገንዘብ መጠሪያ ለመሆን የበቃችው “ናቅፋ” አለች፡፡ በዓሉ ግርማ እንደተረከልን ከሆነ ሳህል ማለት እሳት ነው፡፡ ነገር ግን ሰዎች ይኖሩበታል፡፡ ከብቶች ይሰማሩበታል፡፡ ተክልም ይበቅልበታል፡፡ እዚህ አካባቢ በብዛት የሚኖረው ህዝብ “ረሺዳ” ይባላል (አንዳንዶች “ራሻይዳ” ይሉታል፤ ስህተት ነው፤ ትክክለኛው አጠራር “ረሺዳ” ነው)፡፡<\/p>\n

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  የ“ረሺዳ” ህዝብ ከሌላው የኤርትራ ህዝብ የሚለይበት በርካታ ነገሮች አሉት፡፡ ለምሳሌ ይህ ህዝብ ከሳዑዲ ዐረቢያ ተነስቶ ወደ ኤርትራ የገባው በቅርብ ዘመን (በ19ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን አጋማሽ) ነው፡፡ በዚያ ወቅት የአሁኗ ሳዑዲ ዐረቢያ አልነበረችም፡፡ ሀገሩ ሁሉ በጎሳዎች የተከፋፈለ በረሃማ ምድር ነበር፡፡ ከነዚህ ጎሳዎች አንዱ አል-ረሺድ ይባላል፡፡ ይህ የአል-ረሺድ ህዝብ የአካባቢው የበላይ እንዲሆን በኦቶማን ቱርክ ተወሰነ፡፡ አብዛኛው ህዝብም ለነርሱ አደረ፡፡ “አል-ሱዑድ” የሚባለው ቤተሰብ ግን “አሻፈረኝ” አለ፡፡ “ራሴ በረሃውን ጠቅልዬ መግዛት ስችል ለምን በአል-ረሺድ ጎሳ የበላይነት አድራለሁ” በማለት አንገራገረ፡፡ በሁለቱ መካከል ጠብ ተነሳ፡፡ በመጀመሪያው ላይ የአል-ረሺድ ጎሳ አሸነፈ፡፡ አል-ሱዑዲዎች ወደ ኢራቅ ሸሹ፡፡ <\/p>\n

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   ከጥቂት ዓመታት በኋላ ግን የአል-ሱዑድ ቤተሰብ በእንግሊዞች ደጋፊነት ራሱን አጠናክሮ መጣ፡፡ በአል-ረሺድ ጎሳ ላይም ድልን ተቀዳጀ፡፡ በዚህም የተነሳ የዐረቢያ በረሃ ለአል-ረሺድ ጎሳ አባላት ሲኦል ሆነ፡፡ ረሺዳዎች እየተያዙ በጅምላ ታረዱ፡፡ ንብረታቸው ተዘረፈ፡፡ በፊት ይረዳቸው የነበረው የቱርኮች መንግሥት በራሱ ችግር በመወጠሩ ምንም ሊያደርግላቸው አልቻለም፡፡ በመሆኑም ከእልቂቱ ለመዳን ሲሉ ባህር እያቋረጡ ወደ አፍሪቃ ምድር ተሰደዱ፡፡ በሱዳንና በኤርትራ መኖሪያቸውን ቀለሱ፡፡<\/p>\n

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እንግዲህ ረሺዳዎች ከዘር ማጥፋት ወንጀል ለመሸሽ ወደ ኤርትራ የመጡ ተፈናቃዮች ናቸው ማለት ነው፡፡ በኤርትራ ውስጥ ንጹህ የዐረብ ዝሪያ የሚባሉት እነርሱ ናቸው፡፡ የአፍ መፍቻ ቋንቋቸውም ዐረብኛ ነው፡፡ በዚህ ህዝብ ባህል መሰረት ለአካለ መጠን የደረሰች ማንኛዋም ሴት ፊቷንም ሆነ ጸጉሯን መሸፈን ግዴታዋ ነው፡፡ በዓሉ ግርማ በኦሮማይ ውስጥ ሲተርክልን “ማንኛውም የረሺዳ ባል የሚስቱን ፊት ገልጦ የሚያይበትን ሰው አይፈልግም” በማለት የተናገረውም የባህላቸው አንድ አካል ነው፡፡<\/p>\n

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——-<\/p>\n

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አሁን ወደ ምስራቅ ኤርትራ ተሻግረናል፡፡ ብርኽቲ የሆነችው ምጽዋ እዚህ ነው ያለችው፡፡ ብርሃነ ሃይለ “ሸው በሊ ብለነይ” የተሰኘውን ዘፈን ሲቀጥል ምጽዋን እንዲህ ይላታል፡፡ <\/p>\n

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“አብ ዋሊድ ማሳዋ<\/p>\n

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ኩለ ሊየን ሒልዋ”<\/p>\n

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   ትርጉሙን በትክክል ባላውቀውም “የምጽዋ ልጆች ሁሉም ጣፋጭ ናቸው” የሚል መልዕክት እንዳዘለ ይገባኛል፡፡ የምጽዋ ልጆች ቆንጆ ናቸው ተብሎ እየተደጋገመ ተነግሮላቸዋል፡፡ ከወደብ ከተማ የተገኙ በመሆናቸው ዓለም አቀፍ ስልጣኔና ልዩ ልዩ ባህሎች በነርሱ ላይ ሲነፍስ ይታያል፡፡<\/p>\n

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  ምጽዋ በጣም ውብ ናት፡፡ በተለይም ኪነ-ህንጻዋ ብዙ ተብሎለታል፡፡ ከዑስማናዊያን ቱርኮች ዘመን ጀምሮ ብዙ ገዥዎች ሲፈራረቁባት የነበረች መሆኗ በከተማዋ የሚታየውን ኪነ-ህንጻ እንዳሳመረው ምሁራን ያስረዳሉ፡፡ <\/p>\n

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ኤርትራዊያን ምጽዋን ይወዷታል፡፡ እኛም እንወዳታለን፡፡ ነገር ግን ወደዚያ ለመድረስ የሚሻ ሰው እንደ እሳት የሚፋጀውን ሙቀቷን መቻል አለበት-ከተማዋ በዓለም ላይ ከፍተኛ ሙቀት ካላቸው ስፍራቸው አንዷ ናትና፡፡ የዚህች ከተማ ህዝብ ኑሮውን ከአየር ጸባዩ ጋር እንዲጣጣም አድርጎ ቀይሶታል፡፡ በመሆኑም አብዛኛው የንግድ እንቅስቃሴ የሚከናወነው ከምሽት እስከ እኩለ ሌሊት ባለው ጊዜ ነው፡፡ ታዲያ ከተማዋ ለዘወትር እንደጋለች አትቀርም፡፡ በዓመት ሁለት ጊዜ ሙቀቱ ጋብ ይልና ጤናማው አየር ይነፍስባታል፡፡ ይህም ከጥር-የካቲት ባለው ጊዜ እና በሀምሌ ወር ነው፡፡ በነዚህ ወራት ከተማዋን የሚጎበኘው ቱሪስት በጣም ይጨምራል፡፡ በቀድሞው ዘመን ቀዳማዊ ኃይለሥላሤም ከተማዋን ለመጎብኘት የሚመጡት በነዚህ ወራት ነው (እርሳቸው ያሰሩት ቤተ-መንግሥት እስከ አሁን ድረስ አለ)፡፡<\/p>\n

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     ምጽዋ በወደብነት አገልግሎት መስጠት የጀመረችበት ዘመን በትክክል አይታወቅም፡፡ የታሪክ ምሁራን እንደሚሉት ከጥንት ጊዜ ጀምሮ በአካባቢው ከተማ ቀመስ ሰፈራ ነበር፡፡ ይሁንና እስከ ስምንተኛው ክፍለ ዘመን ድረስ እንደ ወደብ ሲያገለግሉ የነበሩት ከምጽዋ አጠገብ የነበሩት ጥንታዊያኑ “ዙላ” እና “አዱሊስ” ነበሩ፡፡ የምጽዋ ተፈላጊነት ጉልህ ሆኖ የተከሰተው የባህር መደቡ በ1508 በዑሥማናዊያን ቱርኮች (Ottoman Turks) በተያዘበት ወቅት ነው፡፡ ከቱርኮቹ በማስከተልም ግብጾችና የኢጣሊያ ወራሪዎች ተፈራርቀውባታል፡፡ <\/p>\n

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   ኢትዮጵያና ኤርትራ በፌዴሬሽን ከተዋሃዱ በኋላ ምጽዋ ከፍተኛ እመርታ ማሳየት ጀምራ ነበር፡፡ ከ1970ዎቹ መግቢያ ጀምሮ ግን የጦርነት ቀጣና ሆነች፡፡ የሻዕቢያ ሀይሎችና የኢትዮጵያ ሰራዊት ከፍተኛ እልቂት የተፈጸመባቸውን ጦርነቶች አካሂደውባታል፡፡ በተለይም በ1982 (እ.ኤ.አ. 1990) በተካሄደው ጦርነት ከሁለቱም ወገን በአስር ሺህ የሚቆጠር ሰራዊት መርገፉን ሁኔታውን በቅርበት የተከታተሉ ወገኖችና የዐይን ምስክሮች ገልጸዋል (የሀምሳ አለቃ ታደሰ ቴሌ ሳልባኖን “አይ ምጽዋ” አስታውሱት)፡፡ የቀድሞው የኢትዮጵያ መሪ ኮሎኔል መንግሥቱ ኃይለማሪያምም “ለከፍተኛ ሽንፈትና ኪሳራ የዳረገን ውድቀት ያጋጠመን በምጽዋ ነው” በማለት ተናግረዋል፡፡<\/p>\n

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የድሮው ህዝባዊ ግንባር ሓርነት ኤርትራ (ሻዕቢያ) የአሁኑ “ህዝባዊ ግንባር ንዴሞክራሲን ንፍትሒን” (ህግዴፍ) ምጽዋን የተቆጣጠረበትን ዘመቻ “ኦፕሬሽን ፈንቅል” በማለት ይጠራዋል፡፡ ምጽዋ የተያዘችበት ዕለትም (የካቲት 20) በየዓመቱ ይከበራል፡፡ በርካታ ህዝብ ወደ ምጽዋ ከሚጎርፉባቸው ዕለታት መካከልም አንዱ ይህ “የኦፕሬሽን ፈንቅል” መታሰቢያ የሚከበርበት ቀን ነው፡፡<\/p>\n

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ምጽዋ የብዙ ህዝቦች መኖሪያ ናት፡፡ ዋነኞቹ ነ&#48<\/p>\n
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