{"id":243905,"date":"2014-09-05T09:39:00","date_gmt":"2014-09-05T13:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mereja.com\/amharic\/?guid=e10765de4a144101ddc3774220279d40"},"modified":"2014-09-05T09:39:00","modified_gmt":"2014-09-05T13:39:00","slug":"%e1%8c%b3%e1%8c%89%e1%88%9c%e1%8a%95-%e1%8a%a0%e1%88%9d%e1%88%b5%e1%89%b5%e1%8d%a3-%e1%88%b5%e1%8b%b5%e1%88%b5%e1%89%b5%e1%8d%a3-%e1%88%b0%e1%89%a3%e1%89%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/243905","title":{"rendered":"\u1333\u1309\u121c\u1295 – \u12a0\u121d\u1235\u1275\u1363 \u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1275\u1363 \u1230\u1263\u1275"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u12e8\u1218\u130d\u1262\u12eb \u121b\u1235\u1273\u12c8\u123b<\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/div>\n

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\u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u1260\u1323\u121d \u1275\u1295\u123f<\/span> \u12c8\u122d \u1293\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1232\u1240\u1325\u120d\u121d \u12c8\u122d\u1283\u12ca \u1260\u12d3\u120b\u1275 \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u12cd\u1209\u1263\u1275 \u12c8\u122d \u1293\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u121d \u1232\u120d \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a8\u120c\u120e\u127d \u12c8\u122e\u127d \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12e8 \u12e8\u1240\u1296\u127f \u1218\u1320\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1240\u12eb\u12e8\u1229 \u1265\u1278\u129b \u12c8\u122d \u1293\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u120c\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12c8\u122e\u127d \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12e8\u121d \u1235\u121f \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12ca \u12eb\u120d\u1206\u1290 \u12c8\u122d \u1293\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1275 \u12d8\u1218\u1293\u1275 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1218\u1238\u130b\u1308\u122a\u12eb \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1273\u12ed \u12c8\u122d\u121d \u1293\u1275\u1361\u1361  <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u1240\u12f0\u121d \u1265\u1208\u1295 60 \u12ac\u12ad\u122e\u1235 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12d5\u1208\u1275 \u12ed\u1206\u1293\u120d \u1263\u120d\u1290\u12cd \u1218\u1220\u1228\u1275 360 \u12ac\u12ad\u122e\u1235 \u120860 \u1232\u12ab\u1348\u120d 6 \u12d5\u1208\u1273\u1275\u1295 \u12ed\u1230\u1320\u1293\u120d(\u1369)\u1361\u1361 18720 \u12ab\u120d\u12d2\u1275\u1295(\u136a) \u1260\u1235\u12f5\u1233 \u1260\u121b\u12ab\u1348\u120d 312 \u12ac\u12ad\u122e\u1235\u1295 \u12a5\u1293\u1308\u129b\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u12eb\u121d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1275\u122d\u1349\u1295 12 \u12ac\u12ad\u122e\u1235 \u1275\u1270\u1295 300\u12cd\u1295 \u12ac\u12ad\u122e\u1235 \u120860 \u1260\u121b\u12ab\u1348\u120d 5 \u12d5\u1208\u1275 \u12a5\u1293\u1308\u129b\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u12bc\u121d \u121b\u1208\u1275 5 \u12d5\u1208\u1275 \u12a812 \u12ac\u12ad\u122e\u1235(\u136c) \u12ed\u1206\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 11160 \u1223\u120d\u1232\u1275\u1295(\u136b)\u120860 \u1265\u1293\u12ab\u134d\u1208\u12cd 186 \u12ab\u120d\u12d2\u1275 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12f0\u130d\u121e 3 \u12ac\u12ad\u122e\u1235\u1293 6 \u12ab\u120d\u12d2\u1275(\u136d) \u12ed\u1206\u1293\u120d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12ac\u12ad\u122e\u1235\u1295 \u1260\u12d3\u1218\u1271 \u1240\u1293\u1275 \u12a0\u1263\u12dd\u1270\u1295 \u12eb\u1308\u1298\u1290\u12cd(\u1369) 6 \u12d5\u1208\u1275 \u12a0\u1208\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u12bc \u12d5\u1208\u1275 \u1215\u1338\u133d \u12ed\u1263\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1340\u1210\u12ed\u1293 \u1328\u1228\u1243\u1295 \u12a5\u12a9\u120d \u1218\u1235\u12a8\u1228\u121d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u120b\u12ed \u12d3\u1218\u1271\u1295 \u1265\u1293\u1235\u1300\u121d\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u1340\u1210\u12ed \u12e8\u12c8\u122f \u1218\u1320\u1295 \u121d\u1295\u130a\u12dc\u121d \u1220\u120b\u1233 \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u1328\u1228\u1243 \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f0\u129b\u12cd \u12c8\u122d 29 \u1260\u120c\u120b\u129b\u12cd \u12c8\u122d \u130d\u1295 30 \u1235\u1208\u121d\u1275\u1206\u1295 \u12d3\u1218\u1271 \u12a5\u12a9\u120d \u12a0\u12eb\u120d\u1245\u121d \u12e8\u1328\u1228\u1243 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1290\u1210\u1234 24 \u1240\u1295 \u12eb\u120d\u1243\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1328\u1228\u1243 \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1275 \u12c8\u122d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1309\u12f5\u1208\u1275 \u1273\u1218\u1323\u1208\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u12eb\u1295\u1295 \u1290\u12cd \u120a\u1243\u12cd\u1295\u1271 \u1215\u1338\u133d(\u1309\u12f5\u1208\u1275) \u12eb\u1209\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1218\u1220\u1228\u1275 \u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12ac\u12ad\u122e\u1231\u1295(\u1369) \u1260\u12d3\u1218\u1271 \u1240\u1293\u1275 \u12a0\u1263\u12dd\u1270\u1295 \u12eb\u1308\u1298\u1290\u12cd\u1295 6 \u12d5\u1208\u1275 \u1208\u1328\u1228\u1243 \u1215\u1338\u133d \u1235\u1295\u1230\u1320\u12cd \u12e8\u1218\u1235\u12a8\u1228\u121d\/ \u1325\u1245\u121d\u1275 (1)\u1363 \u12e8\u1325\u1245\u121d\u1275\/ \u1285\u12f3\u122d(2)\u1363 \u12e8\u1325\u122d\/ \u12e8\u12ab\u1272\u1275(3)\u1363 \u12e8\u1218\u130b\u1262\u1275\/ \u121a\u12eb\u12dd\u12eb(4)\u1363 \u12e8\u130d\u1295\u1266\u1275\/ \u1230\u1294 (5)\u1363 \u12e8\u1210\u121d\u120c \u1290\u1210\u1234 (6) \u1206\u1290\u12cd \u1270\u12ab\u134d\u1208\u12cd \u12eb\u120d\u1243\u1209\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u1260\u120c\u120b\u121d \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1260\u1328\u1228\u1243\u1293 \u1260\u1340\u1210\u12ed \u12d1\u12f0\u1275 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u1260\u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u120d\u12e9\u1290\u1275 11 \u1240\u1293\u1275 \u12a815 \u12ac\u12ad\u122e\u1235 \u12a86 \u12ab\u120d\u12d2\u1275) \u12ed\u1206\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1271\u1295 \u12d5\u1208\u1273\u1275 \u1328\u1228\u1243 \u1208\u121d\u1273\u130e\u120d\u1260\u1275 (\u1215\u1338\u133d) \u1265\u1295\u1230\u1320\u12cd \u1240\u122a 5 \u12d5\u1208\u1275 \u12ed\u1296\u1228\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1333\u1309\u121c \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 5 \u1240\u1293\u1275 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12e8\u12a0\u1225\u122b \u12a0\u1295\u12f1\u1295 \u12d5\u1208\u1273\u1275 \u12a8\u1348\u1338\u121d\u1295 \u123d\u122d\u134d\u122b\u134a\u12ce\u1279\u1295 (15 \u12ac\u12ad\u122e\u1235\u1293 6 \u12ab\u120d\u12d2\u1275) \u12a5\u1295\u12ed\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12e8\u1290\u12cd \u1260\u1340\u1210\u12ed\u1293 \u1328\u1228\u1243 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1320\u1229\u1275\u1295 11 \u1240\u1293\u1275 \u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1271 \u1208\u1215\u1338\u133d \u121b\u121f\u12eb \u1232\u1308\u1261 \u12e8\u1240\u1229\u1275 5 \u12d5\u1208\u1273\u1275 \u1293\u1278\u12cd \u1333\u1309\u121c \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1263\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u12c8\u122d \u1260\u1218\u1220\u1228\u1273\u12ca\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u1348\u1320\u122f\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u130e\u122d\u130e\u122d\u12ee\u1233\u12cd\u12eb\u1291 \u12a0\u1246\u1323\u1320\u122d \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 5 \u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a \u12d5\u1208\u1273\u1275 \u1260\u1303\u1295\u12cb\u122a\u1363 \u121b\u122d\u127d\u1363 \u121c\u12ed\u1363 \u1301\u120b\u12ed\u1293 \u12a6\u1308\u1235\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u1235\u1208\u1270\u1328\u1218\u1229 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12c8\u122b\u1275 31 \u1208\u1218\u1206\u1295 \u1270\u1308\u12f5\u12f0\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 (\u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u12e8\u12a8\u1348\u1208\u12cd \u126046 \u1245\u120d\u12ad \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12e9\u120d\u12e8\u1235 \u1244\u1223\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12a0\u122b\u1271 \u12c8\u122e\u127d 30 \u1240\u1295\u1363 \u1208\u12a0\u1295\u12f1 28\/29 (\u1260\u12e8\u12a0\u122b\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1271)\u1363 \u1208\u1240\u1229\u1275 \u1230\u1263\u1275 \u12c8\u122e\u127d \u12f0\u130d\u121e 31 \u1230\u1325\u1277\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1364 \u1208\u12a0\u121d\u1235\u1271 \u12c8\u122e\u127d 31 \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u130b\u1278\u12cd \u12a8\u1333\u1309\u121c \u12c8\u1235\u12f6 \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u1208\u1201\u1208\u1271 \u12c8\u122e\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f5 \u1240\u1295 \u12e8\u1328\u1218\u1228\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u12a8\u134c\u1261\u122d\u12cb\u122a 2 \u1240\u1293\u1275 \u12c8\u1235\u12f6\u1293 \u12c8\u1229\u1295 28 \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u130e \u1290\u12cd)\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a8\u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f2\u1205 \u12e8\u121a\u1240\u1229\u1295 \u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u12e8\u12d5\u1208\u1271\u1295 \u120d\u12e9\u1290\u1275 \u1208\u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1235\u1293\u1263\u12db (\u1241\u1325\u122d \u136a\u1293 \u136b \u1270\u1218\u120d\u12a8\u1275) \u12e8\u1240\u1229\u1295 15 \u12ac\u12ad\u122e\u1235\u1293 6 \u12ab\u120d\u12d2\u1275 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1201\u1208\u1271\u1295  \u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u12e8\u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1295 (\u136c\u1293\u136d) \u1235\u1295\u12f0\u121d\u122b\u1278\u12cd (12 \u12ac\u12ad\u122e\u1235 <\/span>+ 3 \u12ac\u12ad\u122e\u1235 \u12a86 \u12ab\u120d\u12d2\u1275<\/span>) 15 \u12ac\u12ad\u122e\u1235 \u12a8 6 \u12ab\u120d\u12d2\u1275 \u12ed\u1218\u1323\u1209\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u1240\u12f0\u121d \u1265\u1208\u1295 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12d5\u1208\u1275 60 \u12ac\u12ad\u122e\u1235 \u1290\u12cd \u1265\u1208\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205\u121d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12d5\u1208\u1275 (60 \u12ac\u12ad\u122e\u1235) \u1208\u121b\u130d\u1298\u1275 \u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u1308\u1298\u1290\u12cd\u1295 15 \u12ac\u12ad\u122e\u1235 \u1260 4 \u121b\u1263\u12db\u1275 \u12a0\u1208\u1265\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a0\u122b\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u12f4 \u1333\u1309\u121c 6 \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1206\u1290\u12cd \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1260\u12e8\u12d3\u1218\u1271 \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u122b\u1240\u1219\u1275 15 \u12ac\u12ad\u122e\u1236\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u120b\u12ed \u1218\u1325\u1270\u12cd \u1260\u12a0\u122b\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u130a\u12dc \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12d5\u1208\u1275 \u1235\u1208\u121a\u1206\u1291 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u122d\u1237\u121d \u1220\u130d\u122d(<\/span>leap year) \u1275\u1263\u120b\u1208\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u130e\u122d\u130e\u122d\u12ee\u1233\u12cd\u12eb\u1291 \u12ed\u1205\u127a\u1295 \u1220\u130d\u122d \u1260\u134c\u1261\u122d\u12cb\u122a \u12c8\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u1328\u121d\u1228\u12cd \u12c8\u1229\u1295 \u1260\u12e8\u12a0\u122b\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1271 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u130a\u12dc 29 \u1240\u1295 \u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1309\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
15\u1271 \u12ac\u12ad\u122e\u1235 \u1260\u12a0\u122b\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1270\u12f0\u121d\u1228\u12cd \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12d5\u1208\u1275 \u1218\u1321\u1293 \u1260\u12a0\u122b\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u12f4 \u1333\u1309\u121c\u1295 \u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1275 \u12a0\u12f0\u1228\u1313\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1240\u1228\u127d\u12cd 6 \u12ab\u120d\u12d2\u1275\u1235 (\u1241\u1325\u122d \u136d) \u12e8\u1275 \u1275\u130d\u1263<\/span>? <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12ab\u120d\u12d2\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u12f2\u1275 \u12d5\u1208\u1275 \u1275\u1206\u1295 \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 3600 \u12ab\u120d\u12d2\u1275 \u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u130b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u12eb\u1205\u120d \u12ab\u120d\u12d2\u1275 \u1208\u121b\u130d\u1298\u1275 600 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u1309\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12da\u1205 \u1290\u12cd \u1333\u1309\u121c \u1260\u12e8\u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1275 \u1218\u1276 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1230\u1263\u1275 \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1206\u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1235\u12ab\u1295 \u12e8\u1320\u12e8\u1245\u12b3\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1263\u1215\u1228 \u1210\u1233\u1265\u1293 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u120a\u1243\u12cd\u1295\u1275 \u1260\u1273\u122a\u12ab\u127d\u1295 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1333\u1309\u121c\u1295 7 \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u127d\u1260\u1275\u1295 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121b\u12eb\u12cd\u1241 \u1290\u130d\u1228\u12cd\u129b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1212\u1233\u1261 \u1232\u1230\u120b \u1260\u12e8 600 \u12d3\u1218\u1271 \u1230\u1263\u1275 \u1275\u1206\u1293\u1208\u127d \u1262\u1263\u120d\u121d \u12a0\u1235\u1266 \u1260\u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1275 \u1218\u1276\u129b\u12cd \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1230\u1263\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u130b\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u120c\u1208 \u12ed\u1293\u1308\u122b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1348\u1228\u1295\u1306\u1279 \u1265\u1202\u120d \u2039\u134c\u1265\u1229\u12cb\u122a 30\u203a \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12e8\u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12d5\u12f5\u120d \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u1206\u1296\u121e \u12e8\u121b\u12eb\u12cd\u1245 \u120a\u1206\u1295\u121d \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u127d\u120d(possible but never happen)\u203a \u1270\u12f0\u122d\u130e \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1270\u12c8\u1230\u12f0\u12cd \u1201\u1209 \u121d\u1293\u120d\u1263\u1275 \u1260\u129b\u121d \u1333\u1309\u121c\u1295 7 \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u12da\u12eb\u12cd \u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u12ed\u1206\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u1260\u1290\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295 \u120b\u12ed \u1333\u1309\u121c\u1295 5 \u1240\u1295 \u1260\u1264\u1270 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295 \u120a\u1243\u12cd\u1295\u1275 \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u2039\u12d5\u1208\u1270 \u121d\u122a\u12eb\u203a \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u1228\u1320\u127d \u1240\u1295 \u1275\u1263\u120b\u1208\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u130c\u1273\u127d\u1295 \u120d\u12f0\u1275 \u1208\u1218\u1320\u1260\u1245 \u120a\u1243\u12cd\u1295\u1271 \u1232\u12eb\u1230\u1209\u1263\u1275 \u12e8\u1246\u12e8\u127d\u12cd \u12d5\u1208\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1297 \u1290\u12cd \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u1235\u12eb\u121c \u12eb\u1308\u1298\u127d\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u130c\u1273\u127d\u1295\u1295 \u120d\u12f0\u1275 \u1240\u1295 \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u12c8\u1235\u1290\u12cd \u1333\u1309\u121c 5 \u1240\u1295 \u1293\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u120d\u12f0\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12cd\u1208\u12cd \u1333\u1309\u121c 5 \u1260\u12cb\u1208\u1260\u1275 \u1240\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c \u12d8\u1295\u12f5\u122e \u1333\u1309\u121c\u1295 5 \u1240\u1295 \u1228\u1261\u12d5 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u12cd\u1208\u12cd\u1364 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205\u121d \u12602007 \u12d3\u121d \u120d\u12f0\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12cd\u1208\u12cd \u1228\u1261\u12d5 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12e8\u12a0\u122b\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1271 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u130a\u12dc \u1333\u1309\u121c\u1295 6 \u1235\u1275\u1206\u1295 \u120d\u12f0\u1275 \u126028 \u12e8\u121a\u12a8\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12d5\u1208\u1270 \u121d\u122a\u12eb\u1295 \u1235\u1208\u121b\u12ed\u1208\u1245 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1270\u129b\u12cb \u1240\u1295 \u120d\u12f0\u1275\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1240\u1295 \u1235\u1273\u12d8\u120d\u1208\u12cd \u12a5\u129b \u126028 \u12a5\u1293\u12a8\u1265\u1228\u12cb\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u120d\u12f0\u1275 \u1333\u1309\u121c 5 \u1240\u1295\u1295(\u12d5\u1208\u1270 \u121d\u122a\u12eb\u1295) \u1235\u1208\u121b\u12ed\u1208\u1245\u1361\u1361 \u1273\u12f5\u12eb \u121d\u1290\u12cd \u12a5\u1290 \u1325\u121d\u1240\u1275\u1293 \u130d\u12dd\u1228\u1275 \u12a0\u12ed\u1208\u12c8\u1321\u121d<\/span>? \u1262\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u120a\u1243\u12cd\u1295\u1271 \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u1321\u1275 \u1218\u120d\u1235 \u2039\u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f5 \u1231\u1263\u12a4 \u12a5\u12e8\u1246\u1320\u1228 \u1260\u1270\u1235\u134b \u12e8\u1320\u1260\u1243\u1275 \u12d5\u1208\u1270 \u120d\u12f0\u1275\u1295 \u1235\u1208\u1206\u1290 \u1290\u12cd\u1364 \u120c\u120e\u1279 \u12e8\u1218\u1321\u1275 \u1260\u120d\u12f0\u1271 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u203a\u203a \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u1260\u130e\u122d\u130e\u122d\u12ee\u1233\u12cd\u12eb\u1295\u121d \u1262\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u122b\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u12f4 \u120d\u12f0\u1275 \u12dd\u1245 \u1275\u120b\u1208\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a5\u1290\u122d\u1231 \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u1273\u12c8\u1240\u1295 \u132d\u121b\u122a\u12cb \u134c\u1265\u122d\u12cb\u122a \u120b\u12ed \u1235\u1208\u1206\u1290\u127d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12eb \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a0\u12f2\u1231\u1295 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u12ab\u12a8\u1260\u1229 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u1235\u1208\u121a\u1218\u1323 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a5\u129b \u130d\u1295 \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u12c8\u12f5\u1240\u12cd \u1333\u1309\u121c\u1295 \u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b \u120b\u12ed \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1297 \u12a8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u1235\u1208\u121d\u1275\u1328\u1218\u122d \u130e\u120d\u1276 \u12ed\u1273\u12c8\u1243\u120d\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a5\u1295\u130d\u12f2\u1205 \u1333\u1309\u121c \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u12a0\u1235\u1308\u122b\u121a \u1275\u1295\u1237 \u12c8\u122b\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u1260\u1235\u120c\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u121e\u120b\u127d\u1363 \u12a0\u121d\u1235\u1275 \u1206\u1293 \u1246\u12ed\u1273 \u1260\u12e8\u12a0\u122b\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1271 \u12a0\u1295\u12f4 \u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1275\u1363 \u1260\u12e8\u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1275 \u1218\u1276 \u12d3\u1218\u1271 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1230\u1263\u1275 \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1206\u1295 \u1293\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1273\u120b\u120b\u1246\u1279 \u12c8\u122e\u127d \u121d\u1295\u121d \u1233\u12ed\u1348\u1325\u1229 \u12e8\u120d\u12f0\u1275\u1295 \u1240\u1295 \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u12c8\u1235\u1295\u1363 \u12e8\u12d3\u1218\u1271\u1295 \u1220\u130d\u122d \u12e8\u121d\u1273\u1218\u1323\u1363 \u1273\u122a\u12a8\u129b \u12c8\u122d \u1293\u1275\u1361\u1361 <\/span>\u12e8<\/span>\u1275\u1295\u123d \u1275\u120d\u1245 \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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click here for pdf<\/a><\/div>\n
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የመግቢያ ማስታወሻ<\/p>\n

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በጽሑፉ ውስጥ በግእዝ ቁጥሮች በቅንፍ ውስጥ የተጻፉት ሐሳቡን እንዲወክሉ ብቻ ነው፡፡ በኋላ (ቁጥር ፭ ተመልከት ቢል ያንን ሐሳብ መልሶ ለማየት እንዲረዳ ነው፡፡<\/p>\n

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የኢትዮጵያን የዘመን አቆጣጠር ለየት ከሚያደርጉት ነገሮች አንዱ ጳጉሜ የምትባል አሥራ ሦስተኛ ወር ስላለችን ነው፡፡ የቤት ኪራይና የወር ደመወዝ የማንከፍልባትና የማንቀበልባት፤ መብራትና ውኃ ግን ከነሐሴ ወር ጋር ጨምረው የሚያስከፍሉባት፤ ሲሻት አምስት፣ ሲያስፈልጋት ስድስት፣ ስትፈልግ ደግሞ ሰባት የምትሆን ወር ናት፡፡ እንዲያውም ከአሥራ ሁለቱ የኢትዮጵያ ወሮች ጳጉሜ በብዙ መንገድ የተለየች ናት፡፡<\/p>\n

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በአንድ በኩል በጣም ትንሿ<\/span> ወር ናት፡፡ ሲቀጥልም ወርኃዊ በዓላት የማይውሉባት ወር ናት፡፡ እንዲያም ሲል ደግሞ ከሌሎች ወሮች በተለየ የቀኖቿ መጠን የሚቀያየሩ ብቸኛ ወር ናት፡፡ ከሌሎች የኢትዮጵያ ወሮች በተለየም ስሟ ኢትዮጵያዊ ያልሆነ ወር ናት፡፡ በሁለት ዘመናት መካከልም እንደ መሸጋገሪያ የምትታይ ወርም ናት፡፡  <\/p>\n

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ጳጉሜ ማለት በግሪክ ‹ጭማሪ› ማለት ሲሆን ዓመቱን በሠላሳ ቀናት ስንከፍለው የሚተርፉትን ዕለታት ሰብስበው የሰየሟት ተጨማሪ ወር ናት፡፡ ወይም በየዕለቱ በፀሐይና በጨረቃ አቆጣጠር መካከል የሚፈጠረውን ልዩነት ሰብስበው ያከማቹባት ወር ትባላለች፡፡ ዓመቱ በዐውደ ፀሐይ ሲለካ 365 ቀናት ከ15 ኬክሮስ 6 ካልዒት ሲሆን በጨረቃ ሲለካ ደግሞ 354 ቀናት ከ22 ኬክሮስ፣ 1 ካልዒት፣ 36 ሣልሲት፣ 52 ራብዒት፣ 48 ኀምሲት ነው፡፡ (60 ኬክሮስ አንድ ቀን ነው)በሁለቱ መካከል(በፀሐይና በጨረቃ) በዓመት ውስጥ ያለው ልዩነት 11 ቀናት ከ7 ኬክሮስ ይሆናል፡፡ <\/span>[በነገራችን ላይ በዘመን አቆጣጠራችን ውስጥ ከዕለት በታች የምንቆጥርባቸው ስድስት መለኪያዎች አሉ፡፡ ኬክሮስ፣ ካልዒት፣ ሣልሲት፣ ራብዒት፣ ኀምሲትና ሳድሲት፡፡ 60 ሳድሲት አንድ ኀምሲት፣ 60 ኀምሲት አንድ ራብዒት፣ 60 ራብዒት አንድ ሣልሲት፣ 60 ሳልሲት አንድ ካልዒት፣ 60 ካልዒት ደግሞ 1 ኬክሮስ ይሆናል፡፡ 60 ኬክሮስ ደግሞ 1 ዕለት፡፡ 1 ኬክሮስ 24 ደቂቃ ነው<\/span>]<\/p>\n

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ጳጉሜን ለማግኘት የሚጠቅመን የየዕለቱን ልዩነታቸውን መመልከቱ ነው፡፡ በየዕለቱ በጨረቃና በፀሐይ መካከል 1 ኬክሮስ 52 ካልዒት(60 ካልዒት አንድ ኬክሮስ ነው)፣ ከ 31 ሣልሲት(60 ሣልሲት አንድ ካልዒት ነው) ይሆናል፡፡<\/span>[ይህም ማለት 5 ሰዓት ከ48 ደቂቃ ከ46 ካልዒት(ሴኮንድ<\/span>?)<\/span>] ይህ ልዩነት በአንድ ወር ምን እንደሚደርስ ለማወቅ በ30 እናባዛው፡፡ 30 ኬክሮስ፣ 1560 ካልዒት፣ ከ930 ሣልሲት ይሆናል፡፡ የዓመቱን ለማግኘት ደግሞ በ12 እናባዛው፡፡ 360 ኬክሮስ(፩)፣ 18720 ካልዒት(፪)፣ 11160 ሣልሲት(፫) ይመጣል፡፡ <\/p>\n

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ቀደም ብለን 60 ኬክሮስ አንድ ዕለት ይሆናል ባልነው መሠረት 360 ኬክሮስ ለ60 ሲካፈል 6 ዕለታትን ይሰጠናል(፩)፡፡ 18720 ካልዒትን(፪) በስድሳ በማካፈል 312 ኬክሮስን እናገኛለን፡፡ ያም ማለት ትርፉን 12 ኬክሮስ ትተን 300ውን ኬክሮስ ለ60 በማካፈል 5 ዕለት እናገኛለን፡፡ ይኼም ማለት 5 ዕለት ከ12 ኬክሮስ(፬) ይሆናል፡፡ 11160 ሣልሲትን(፫)ለ60 ብናካፍለው 186 ካልዒት ወይም ደግሞ 3 ኬክሮስና 6 ካልዒት(፭) ይሆናል ማለት ነው፡፡ <\/p>\n

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ከላይ ኬክሮስን በዓመቱ ቀናት አባዝተን ያገኘነው(፩) 6 ዕለት አለ፡፡ ይኼ ዕለት ሕጸጽ ይባላል፡፡ ፀሐይና ጨረቃን እኩል መስከረም አንድ ላይ ዓመቱን ብናስጀምራቸው ፀሐይ የወሯ መጠን ምንጊዜም ሠላሳ ሲሆን ጨረቃ ግን በአንደኛው ወር 29 በሌላኛው ወር ግን 30 ስለምትሆን ዓመቱ እኩል አያልቅም የጨረቃ ዓመት ነሐሴ 24 ቀን ያልቃል፡፡ ይህም ማለት ጨረቃ በሁለት ወር አንድ ጉድለት ታመጣለች፡፡ ያንን ነው ሊቃውንቱ ሕጸጽ(ጉድለት) ያሉት፡፡ በዚህም መሠረት ከላይ ኬክሮሱን(፩) በዓመቱ ቀናት አባዝተን ያገኘነውን 6 ዕለት ለጨረቃ ሕጸጽ ስንሰጠው የመስከረም\/ ጥቅምት (1)፣ የጥቅምት\/ ኅዳር(2)፣ የጥር\/ የካቲት(3)፣ የመጋቢት\/ ሚያዝያ(4)፣ የግንቦት\/ ሰኔ (5)፣ የሐምሌ ነሐሴ (6) ሆነው ተካፍለው ያልቃሉ፡፡<\/p>\n

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በሌላም በኩል ደግሞ በጨረቃና በፀሐይ ዑደት መካከል በዓመት ያለው ልዩነት 11 ቀናት ከ15 ኬክሮስ ከ6 ካልዒት) ይሆናል፡፡ ስድስቱን ዕለታት ጨረቃ ለምታጎልበት (ሕጸጽ) ብንሰጠው ቀሪ 5 ዕለት ይኖረናል፡፡ ጳጉሜ ማለት እነዚህ 5 ቀናት ናቸው፡፡ አሁን የአሥራ አንዱን ዕለታት ከፈጸምን ሽርፍራፊዎቹን (15 ኬክሮስና 6 ካልዒት) እንይ፡፡<\/p>\n

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ከላይ እንዳየነው በፀሐይና ጨረቃ ዓመታት መካከል የተፈጠሩትን 11 ቀናት ስድስቱ ለሕጸጽ ማሟያ ሲገቡ የቀሩት 5 ዕለታት ናቸው ጳጉሜ የምትባለውን ወር በመሠረታዊነት የፈጠሯት፡፡ በጎርጎርዮሳውያኑ አቆጣጠር እነዚህ 5 ተጨማሪ ዕለታት በጃንዋሪ፣ ማርች፣ ሜይ፣ ጁላይና ኦገስት ላይ ስለተጨመሩ እነዚህ ወራት 31 ለመሆን ተገድደዋል፡፡ (ይህንን የከፈለው በ46 ቅልክ የነበረው ዩልየስ ቄሣር ነው፡፡ ለአራቱ ወሮች 30 ቀን፣ ለአንዱ 28\/29 (በየአራት ዓመቱ)፣ ለቀሩት ሰባት ወሮች ደግሞ 31 ሰጥቷቸዋል፤ ለአምስቱ ወሮች 31 ያደረጋቸው ከጳጉሜ ወስዶ ሲሆን ለሁለቱ ወሮች አንዳንድ ቀን የጨመረላቸው ከፌቡርዋሪ 2 ቀናት ወስዶና ወሩን 28 አድርጎ ነው)፡፡<\/p>\n

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ከእንግዲህ የሚቀሩን ከላይ የየዕለቱን ልዩነት ለዓመት ስናባዛ (ቁጥር ፪ና ፫ ተመልከት) የቀሩን 15 ኬክሮስና 6 ካልዒት ናቸው፡፡ ሁለቱን  ከላይ ያየናቸውን (፬ና፭) ስንደምራቸው (12 ኬክሮስ <\/span>+ 3 ኬክሮስ ከ6 ካልዒት<\/span>) 15 ኬክሮስ ከ 6 ካልዒት ይመጣሉ፡፡ <\/p>\n

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ቀደም ብለን አንድ ዕለት 60 ኬክሮስ ነው ብለናል፡፡ ስለዚህም አንድ ዕለት (60 ኬክሮስ) ለማግኘት ከላይ ያገኘነውን 15 ኬክሮስ በ 4 ማባዛት አለብን፡፡ በአራት ዓመት አንዴ ጳጉሜ 6 የምትሆነው እነዚህ በየዓመቱ የተጠራቀሙት 15 ኬክሮሶች አንድ ላይ መጥተው በአራት ዓመት አንድ ጊዜ አንድ ዕለት ስለሚሆኑ ነው፡፡ እርሷም ሠግር(<\/span>leap year) ትባላለች፡፡ ጎርጎርዮሳውያኑ ይህቺን ሠግር በፌቡርዋሪ ወር ላይ ጨምረው ወሩን በየአራት ዓመቱ አንድ ጊዜ 29 ቀን ያደርጉታል፡፡ <\/p>\n

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15ቱ ኬክሮስ በአራት ዓመት ተደምረው አንድ ዕለት መጡና በአራት ዓመት አንዴ ጳጉሜን ስድስት አደረጓት፡፡ የቀረችው 6 ካልዒትስ (ቁጥር ፭) የት ትግባ<\/span>? <\/p>\n

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ካልዒት አንዲት ዕለት ትሆን ዘንድ 3600 ካልዒት ያስፈልጋሉ፡፡ ይህንን ያህል ካልዒት ለማግኘት 600 ዓመታት ያስፈልጉናል፡፡ ለዚህ ነው ጳጉሜ በየስድስት መቶ ዓመታት ሰባት የምትሆነው፡፡ እስካን የጠየቅኳቸው የባሕረ ሐሳብና የታሪክ ሊቃውንት በታሪካችን ውስጥ ጳጉሜን 7 የሆነችበትን ዘመን እንደማያውቁ ነግረውኛል፡፡ ሒሳቡ ሲሰላ በየ 600 ዓመቱ ሰባት ትሆናለች ቢባልም አስቦ በስድስት መቶኛው ዓመት ሰባት የሚያደርጋት እንደሌለ ይናገራሉ፡፡ በፈረንጆቹ ብሂል ‹ፌብሩዋሪ 30› ማለት የመሆን ዕድል ያለው ነገር ግን ሆኖሞ የማያውቅ ሊሆንም የማይችል(possible but never happen)› ተደርጎ እንደተወሰደው ሁሉ ምናልባት በኛም ጳጉሜን 7 ማለት እንደዚያው ይሆን ይሆናል፡፡ <\/p>\n

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በነገራችን ላይ ጳጉሜን 5 ቀን በቤተ ክርስቲያን ሊቃውንት ዘንድ ‹ዕለተ ምሪያ› ወይም የተመረጠች ቀን ትባላለች፡፡ የጌታችን ልደት ለመጠበቅ ሊቃውንቱ ሲያሰሉባት የቆየችው ዕለት በመሆኗ ነው ይህንን ስያሜ ያገኘችው፡፡ የጌታችንን ልደት ቀን የምትወስነው ጳጉሜ 5 ቀን ናት፡፡ ልደት የሚውለው ጳጉሜ 5 በዋለበት ቀን ነው፡፡ ለምሳሌ ዘንድሮ ጳጉሜን 5 ቀን ረቡዕ ነው የምትውለው፤ ስለዚህም በ2007 ዓም ልደት የሚውለው ረቡዕ ነው፡፡ በየአራት ዓመቱ አንድ ጊዜ ጳጉሜን 6 ስትሆን ልደት በ28 የሚከበረው ዕለተ ምሪያን ስለማይለቅ ነው፡፡ ስድስተኛዋ ቀን ልደትን በአንድ ቀን ስታዘልለው እኛ በ28 እናከብረዋለን፡፡ ልደት ጳጉሜ 5 ቀንን(ዕለተ ምሪያን) ስለማይለቅ፡፡ ታድያ ምነው እነ ጥምቀትና ግዝረት አይለወጡም<\/span>? ቢሉ፡፡ ሊቃውንቱ የሚሰጡት መልስ ‹ትውልድ ሱባኤ እየቆጠረ በተስፋ የጠበቃት ዕለተ ልደትን ስለሆነ ነው፤ ሌሎቹ የመጡት በልደቱ ምክንያት ነው›› የሚል ነው፡፡<\/p>\n

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በጎርጎርዮሳውያንም ቢሆን በአራት ዓመት አንዴ ልደት ዝቅ ትላለች፡፡ የእነርሱ የማይታወቀን ጭማሪዋ ፌብርዋሪ ላይ ስለሆነች ነው፡፡ ያ ደግሞ አዲሱን ዓመት ካከበሩ በኋላ ስለሚመጣ ነው፡፡ የእኛ ግን የምትወድቀው ጳጉሜን መጨረሻ ላይ በመሆኗ ከአዲስ ዓመት በፊት ስለምትጨመር ጎልቶ ይታወቃል፡፡ <\/p>\n

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እንግዲህ ጳጉሜ የምትባለው አስገራሚ ትንሷ ወራችን እንዲህ በስሌት የተሞላች፣ አምስት ሆና ቆይታ በየአራት ዓመቱ አንዴ ስድስት፣ በየስድስት መቶ ዓመቱ ደግሞ ሰባት የምትሆን ናት፡፡ ታላላቆቹ ወሮች ምንም ሳይፈጥሩ የልደትን ቀን የምትወስን፣ የዓመቱን ሠግር የምታመጣ፣ ታሪከኛ ወር ናት፡፡ <\/span>የ<\/span>ትንሽ ትልቅ ማለት እንዲህ ነው፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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