{"id":164681,"date":"2014-03-23T10:11:09","date_gmt":"2014-03-23T14:11:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mereja.com\/amharic\/?guid=1ad1c0d5a448f95a57e214c02d814a8a"},"modified":"2014-03-23T10:11:09","modified_gmt":"2014-03-23T14:11:09","slug":"14-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/164681","title":{"rendered":"መጋቢት 14 ቀን = ዝክረ- ተስፋዬ ደበሳይ"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"Image\"<\/p>\n

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*****
\u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u12f5 \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u1208\u12f0\u12cd \u1260\u12cd\u132a \u1200\u1308\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a81964-1966 \u1260\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12cb\u1290\u129b \u1235\u122b\u12cd \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1271\u1295 \u121b\u1235\u1270\u12cb\u12c8\u1245\u1293 \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275\u1295 \u121b\u1230\u1263\u1230\u1265 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u134d\u120d\u1235\u1325\u12a4\u121d \u1290\u133b \u12a0\u12cd\u132a \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1275\u1293 \u12a8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u130d\u1295\u1263\u122e\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u1230\u1320\u12cd\u1295 \u12f5\u130b\u134d \u1260\u1218\u1320\u1240\u121d \u12e8\u1275\u1325\u1245 \u1275\u130d\u120d \u12e8\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u1245\u1235\u1243\u1234 \u1232\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u130d\u121d \u1246\u12ed\u1277\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1271 \u1240\u12f3\u121a \u12d3\u120b\u121b \u12a8\u1308\u1320\u122d \u1260\u121a\u1300\u1218\u122d \u12e8\u1275\u1325\u1245 \u1275\u130d\u120d \u1260\u1228\u1305\u121d \u130a\u12dc \u12e8\u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1208\u12cd\u1325 \u121b\u121d\u1323\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u12f5 \u1218\u122a\u12ce\u127d\u121d \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1271 \u1240\u12f3\u121a \u1230\u122b\u12ca\u1271\u1295 \u120a\u12eb\u1230\u121b\u122b\u1260\u1275 \u12c8\u12f3\u1230\u1260\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u1232\u121d\u1263 \u1270\u122b\u122b \u1260\u1218\u1204\u12f5 \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122b\u12ca\u1293 \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u12ca \u12a0\u1218\u122b\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1230\u1321 \u1208\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u1273\u1235\u1267\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1201\u1295\u1293 \u12601966 \u12e8\u1348\u1290\u12f3\u12cd \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12a0\u1265\u12ee\u1275 \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u1209\u1295 \u12a0\u1245\u1323\u132b \u1219\u1209 \u1260\u1219\u1209 \u1240\u12e8\u1228\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a0\u122e\u130c\u12cd \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1218\u12cd\u12f0\u1245 \u12a0\u12ed\u1240\u122c \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u1201\u1209\u121d \u1260\u12e8\u134a\u1293\u12cd \u12a0\u12c8\u1240\u1361\u1361 \u201c\u1260\u122d\u1231 \u1266\u1273 \u1270\u1270\u12ad\u1276 \u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u122b\u12cd \u121b\u1295 \u1290\u12cd?\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u130d\u1295 \u12a0\u1290\u130b\u130b\u122a \u1206\u1290\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1260\u1270\u122b\u121b\u1305 \u12a0\u1265\u12ee\u1270\u129e\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12cd\u12ed\u12ed\u1275 \u1270\u1240\u1230\u1240\u1230\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u12f0\u121d\u12f0\u121a\u12eb\u12cd\u121d \u12e8\u1353\u122d\u1272 \u1245\u122d\u133d \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u1261\u12f5\u1296\u127d \u1260\u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u12e8\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u1275\u130d\u120d \u1262\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1309 \u1320\u1240\u121c\u1273\u12cd \u12a8\u134d \u12eb\u1208 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1206\u1295 \u12a8\u1235\u121d\u121d\u1290\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1230\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u1260\u12cd\u132a \u1200\u1308\u122d \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u12f5 \u12a0\u1218\u122b\u122d \u12c8\u12f0 \u1200\u1308\u122a\u1277 \u1208\u1218\u130d\u1263\u1275 \u12c8\u1230\u1290\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u12a8\u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u12f5 \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1218\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u1260\u1245\u12f5\u121a\u12eb \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12e8\u1308\u1263\u12cd \u12f6\/\u122d \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12f0\u1260\u1233\u12ed \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u130a\u12dc\u12cd\u121d \u1230\u1294 1966 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12c8\u1245\u1271 \u12e8\u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122e\u127d \u1261\u12f5\u1295 \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u12cd \u12f0\u122d\u130d \u1270\u1218\u1235\u122d\u1276 \u12e8\u12a0\u133c\u12cd\u1295 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1208\u1218\u1323\u120d \u12a5\u12eb\u12ae\u1260\u12ae\u1260 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1200\u121d\u120c \u12c8\u122d \u12a0\u130b\u121b\u123d \u120b\u12ed \u12f0\u122d\u130d \u12e8\u120d\u1305 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u120d\u12ab\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12ab\u1262\u1294 \u1260\u1218\u123b\u122d \u120d\u1305 \u121a\u12ab\u12a4\u120d \u12a5\u121d\u1229 \u1320\u1245\u120b\u12ed \u121a\u1292\u1235\u1275\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1206\u1291 \u1218\u1228\u1323\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u120d\u1305 \u121a\u12ab\u12a4\u120d\u121d \u12ab\u1262\u1294\u12a0\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1232\u12eb\u124b\u1241\u1219 \u1260\u1235\u12ca\u12d8\u122d\u120b\u1295\u12f5 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12cd\u1241\u1275\u1295 \u12f6\/\u122d \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12f0\u1260\u1233\u12ed\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u122c\u1275 \u12ed\u12de\u1273 \u121a\u1292\u1235\u1275\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1206\u1295 \u1320\u12e8\u1241\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u122d\u1231 \u130d\u1295 \u12a8\u12cd\u132a \u12e8\u1218\u1323\u12cd \u1208\u12da\u12eb \u12a0\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1228\u121d\u1293 \u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u127d \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u1348\u1325\u122e \u12a0\u1209\u1273\u12ca \u1218\u120d\u1235 \u1230\u1323\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u121d\u1275\u12a9 \u1260\u1218\u1235\u122a\u12eb \u1264\u1271 \u1260\u12a4\u12ad\u1235\u1350\u122d\u1275\u1290\u1275 \u1262\u1240\u1320\u122d \u1208\u1218\u1235\u122b\u1275 \u1348\u1243\u12f0\u129b \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u1308\u1208\u1338\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12a8\u1290\u1210\u1234 1966 \u1300\u121d\u122e \u12e8\u1218\u1235\u122a\u12eb \u1264\u1271 \u1230\u122b\u1270\u129b \u1206\u1290\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12c8\u12f0 \u1200\u1308\u122d \u1264\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u1218\u1208\u1230 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1271\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u1235\u134b\u134b\u1275\u1293 \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u12f0\u122b\u1300\u1275 \u1235\u122b \u120b\u12ed \u1290\u1260\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u1218\u12f0\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1271 \u120d\u1233\u1295 \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u127d\u12cd\u1295 \u201c\u12f2\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u12eb\u201d \u130b\u12dc\u1323 \u12a8\u121a\u12eb\u12c8\u1321 \u12a0\u122d\u1273\u12a2\u12eb\u1295 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d\u121d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1271 \u12e8\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u1309\u1263\u12a4 \u12cb\u1293 \u1338\u1210\u134a \u1206\u1296 \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u1228\u1320\u12cd \u1265\u122d\u1203\u1290 \u1218\u1235\u1240\u120d \u1228\u12f3 \u12a8\u1230\u122b\u12ca\u1271 \u130b\u122d \u1235\u1208\u1290\u1260\u122d \u1260\u122d\u1231 \u1266\u1273 \u1260\u130a\u12dc\u12eb\u12ca\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u1218\u122b\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u1320\u12cd\u121d \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12f0\u1260\u1233\u12ed \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12c8\u1245\u1271 \u1260\u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1271 \u12a0\u1218\u122b\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u12a8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275\u121d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u1260\u12d5\u12f5\u121c\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u1260\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12e8\u121a\u1260\u120d\u1320\u12cd \u12a5\u122d\u1231 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u1273\u1205\u1233\u1235 1967 \u1260\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a8\u1246\u12e8 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12a8\u1218\u122c\u1275 \u12ed\u12de\u1273 \u130b\u122d \u1208\u1270\u12eb\u12eb\u12d8 \u12e8\u1218\u1235\u12ad \u1235\u122b \u12c8\u12f0 \u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u1270\u1313\u12d8\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u130d\u1228 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f1\u1295\u121d \u12a0\u1232\u121d\u1263 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1298\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1271\u1295 \u1300\u121b\u122a \u1230\u122b\u12ca\u1275 \u1208\u1218\u130e\u1265\u1298\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0\u12da\u12eb\u12cd \u130e\u122b \u12a0\u1208\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271\u1295 \u12e8\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u1208\u1230\u122b\u12ca\u1271 \u12ab\u1265\u122b\u122b \u1260\u128b\u120b \u130d\u1295 \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u1320\u1260\u1240 \u127d\u130d\u122d \u1270\u12a8\u1230\u1270\u1361\u1361 \u1235\u121d\u1295\u1275 \u12eb\u1205\u120d \u12e8\u1230\u122b\u12ca\u1271 \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275 \u12a8\u1300\u121b\u122a \u1230\u122b\u12ca\u1271 \u1260\u1218\u1290\u1320\u120d \u1208\u12f0\u122d\u130d \u12a5\u1303\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1230\u1321 (\u12a5\u1303\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1230\u1321\u1275 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u1218\u12ae\u1295\u1295\u1363 \u1283\u12ed\u1208 \u12a5\u12e8\u1231\u1235 \u12c8\u120d\u12f0 \u1230\u1295\u1260\u1275\u1363 \u12a0\u1260\u1260 \u1260\u12e8\u1290\u1363 \u12d8\u12a8\u122a\u12eb \u1218\u1210\u1218\u12f5\u1363 \u12a0\u12eb\u120c\u12cd \u12a8\u1260\u12f0\u1363 \u130b\u123b\u12cd \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1271\u1363 \u1200\u12ed\u120c \u12c8\u120d\u12f0 \u130a\u12ee\u122d\u130a\u1235\u1293 \u12f3\u12ca\u1275 \u12a0\u1230\u134b \u1290\u1260\u1229\u1364 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u12601968 \u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u120b\u12ed \u201c\u121b\u120c\u122a\u12f5\u201d\u1363 \u121b\u1208\u1275\u121d \u201c\u12e8\u121b\u122d\u12ad\u1232\u1235\u1275 \u120c\u1292\u1292\u1235\u1275 \u122a\u126e\u1209\u123d\u1293\u122a \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1275\u201d\u1295 \u1218\u1235\u122d\u1270\u12cb\u120d)\u1361\u1361 \u1273\u12f2\u12eb \u12e8\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u12a8\u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u1353 \u12a0\u1348\u1295\u130d\u1326 \u1218\u12cd\u1323\u1275 \u12e8\u12f6\/\u122d \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12f0\u1260\u1233\u12ed\u1295 \u121b\u1295\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u130b\u1208\u1320\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u12a8\u12da\u12eb\u1295 \u130a\u12dc \u1300\u121d\u122e \u1205\u1261\u12d5 \u1208\u1218\u130d\u1263\u1275 \u1270\u1308\u12f0\u12f0\u1361\u1361
*****
\u12f6\/\u122d \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12f0\u1260\u1233\u12ed \u1205\u1261\u12d5 \u12a8\u1308\u1263 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12e8\u1219\u1209 \u130a\u12dc \u12a0\u1265\u12ee\u1273\u12ca \u1206\u1297\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u12f5\u1295 \u1260\u1219\u1209 \u12a0\u1245\u1219 \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120f\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1290\u1203\u1234 \u12c8\u122d 1967 \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1271 \u1235\u1219\u1295 \u1240\u12ed\u122e \u201c\u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u1353\u201d (\u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1205\u12dd\u1263\u12ca \u12a0\u1265\u12ee\u1273\u12ca \u1353\u122d\u1272) \u12e8\u1270\u1230\u1298\u12cd\u1295 \u12dd\u1290\u129b \u1218\u1320\u122a\u12eb\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12eb\u12d8\u1260\u1275\u1295 \u1309\u1263\u12a4 \u1260\u12cb\u1293\u1290\u1275 \u12eb\u12d8\u130b\u1300\u12cd\u121d \u12a5\u122d\u1231 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1271 \u12e8\u134d\u120d\u1235\u134d\u1293 \u120a\u1245 (ideologue) \u1206\u1296 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1308\u1208\u130d\u1208\u12cd\u121d \u12a5\u122d\u1231 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u1353 \u1218\u1235\u122b\u127d \u1309\u1263\u12a4 \u201c\u12cb\u1293 \u1338\u1210\u134a\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u120d \u12e8\u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1270\u12cb\u1228\u12f5 \u1232\u123b\u122d \u1260\u1240\u12f3\u121a\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120b\u12ca \u12ae\u121a\u1274 \u1338\u1210\u134a \u1206\u1296 \u121b\u1308\u120d\u1308\u120d \u12e8\u1300\u1218\u1228\u12cd \u12a5\u122d\u1231 \u1290\u1260\u122d (\u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u1338\u1210\u134a\u1290\u1275 \u1266\u1273 \u1260\u12e8\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u12ed\u1208\u12cb\u12c8\u1325 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1364 \u1338\u1210\u134a\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u1228\u1320\u12cd\u121d \u1260\u1353\u122d\u1272\u12cd \u1309\u1263\u12a4 \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u1356\u120a\u1275 \u1262\u122e\u12cd \u1290\u12cd)\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u12a5\u1235\u12a8 1968 \u12a0\u130b\u121b\u123d \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u1260\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u130a\u12dc \u12e8\u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u1353 \u12a0\u1218\u122b\u122e\u127d \u121b\u1295\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u130d\u120d\u133d \u12a0\u12ed\u1273\u12c8\u1245\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u12eb\u1295 \u130a\u12dc \u1205\u1261\u12d5 \u1208\u1218\u130d\u1263\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u12f0\u12f1\u1275 \u1265\u122d\u1203\u1290 \u1218\u1235\u1240\u120d \u1228\u12f3 \u12a5\u1293 \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12f0\u1260\u1233\u12ed \u1265\u127b \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u1353\u122d\u1272\u12cd \u1235\u122b \u12e8\u121a\u12a8\u12c8\u1290\u12cd \u1260\u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u1290\u1260\u122d (\u1265\u122d\u1203\u1290 \u1218\u1235\u1240\u120d \u1208\u1356\u120a\u1275 \u1262\u122e\u12cd \u1235\u120b\u120d\u1270\u1218\u1228\u1320 \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1203\u120b\u134a\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u1230\u1320\u12cd\u121d\u1364 \u1260\u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a\u121d \u12a8\u120c\u120e\u127d \u1218\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u130b\u122d \u1218\u1290\u1273\u1228\u12ad \u1300\u121d\u122e \u1290\u1260\u122d) \u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u12e8\u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1275 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u130a\u12dc\u12eb\u12ca \u133d\/\u1264\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1270 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u130d\u1295 \u12a0\u1218\u122b\u1229\u1295 \u1208\u12a0\u12f0\u130b \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u130b\u120d\u1325 \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u1270\u12a8\u1230\u1270\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u133d\/\u1264\u1271 \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u1228\u1321\u1275 \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12ab\u12f5\u122c\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u1353 \u1218\u122a\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1235\u1208\u121a\u12eb\u12cd\u124b\u1278\u12cd \u1208\u12f0\u122d\u130d \u12a0\u1233\u120d\u1348\u12cd \u12ed\u1230\u1321\u12a0\u1278\u12cb\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1235\u130b\u1275 \u1230\u1348\u1290\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u12601968 \u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b \u1308\u12f0\u121b \u1201\u1209\u121d \u1218\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u1205\u1261\u12d5 \u1208\u1218\u130d\u1263\u1275 \u1270\u1308\u12f0\u12f1\u1361\u1361 \u1273\u12f2\u12eb \u12e8\u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u1353 \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u120d \u1235\u1275\u122b\u1274\u1302\u121d \u1218\u1208\u12c8\u1325 \u12e8\u1300\u1218\u1228\u12cd \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u1300\u121d\u122e \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a81968 \u12ad\u1228\u121d\u1275 \u12c8\u122b\u1275 \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u1260\u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u12e8\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u1275\u130d\u120d \u1265\u127b \u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u130d \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u1353 \u12e8\u12f0\u122d\u130d \u134b\u123a\u1235\u1275\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u12a8\u120b\u12a8\u120d \u1260\u121a\u120d \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1275\u1325\u1245 \u1275\u130d\u120d \u12e8\u1300\u1218\u1228\u12cd \u12eb\u1294 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f5 \u12c8\u1308\u1296\u127d \u12e8\u1275\u1325\u1245 \u1275\u130d\u1209 \u1260\u12f6\/\u122d \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12f0\u1260\u1233\u12ed \u130d\u134a\u1275 \u12e8\u1218\u1323 \u1290\u12cd \u12ed\u120b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u120a\u1240\u1218\u1295\u1260\u122d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1271 \u1283\u12ed\u1208\u121b\u122a\u12eb\u121d \u1300\u121d\u122e \u1218\u1308\u12f0\u120d \u12eb\u1208\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u12f0\u122d\u130d\u1293 \u12e8\u1218\u12a2\u1236\u1295 \u1263\u1208\u1235\u120d\u1323\u1293\u1275 \u12dd\u122d\u12dd\u122d \u12a5\u12eb\u12d8\u130b\u1300 \u12e8\u121e\u1275 \u134d\u122d\u12f5 \u12eb\u1235\u12c8\u1235\u1295 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12f0\u1260\u1233\u12ed \u1290\u12cd \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12ed\u121e\u130d\u1273\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u12a5\u120d\u134d \u1232\u120d \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12e8\u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec\u1295 \u1275\u130d\u122c\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u1325\u1240\u1235 \u1265\u127b \u123b\u12d5\u1262\u12eb \u1260\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u123d\u1265\u122d \u1208\u1218\u1240\u1235\u1240\u1235 \u12e8\u1218\u12f0\u1260\u12cd \u12e8\u1325\u134b\u1275 \u12c8\u12aa\u120d \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1218\u1228\u1303 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1290\u1265\u1261 \u133d\u1201\u134e\u127d\u1295 \u121b\u12e8\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u1218\u12f0 \u1206\u1297\u120d (\u1208\u1290\u1308\u1229 \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12e8\u12a2\u122e\u1265 \u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1305 \u1290\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u1275\u130d\u122c \u12a0\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1228\u121d)\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1201\u1295\u1293 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1271\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u1293\u1325\u120d \u12ad\u1235 \u1260\u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1320\u1293\u12ad\u122d \u121b\u1235\u1228\u1303 \u12e8\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u1353 \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1275\u1325\u1245 \u1275\u130d\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1300\u121d\u122d \u12e8\u12c8\u1230\u1291\u1275 \u1265\u12d9\u1203\u1291 \u12e8\u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120b\u12ca \u12ae\u121a\u1274 \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275 \u1293\u1278\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12f0\u1260\u1233\u12ed \u1265\u127b \u12a0\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1228\u121d\u1364 \u12cd\u1233\u1294\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u1243\u12c8\u1219\u1275 \u130c\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u121b\u1229 \u12a5\u1293 \u1265\u122d\u1203\u1290 \u1218\u1235\u1240\u120d \u1228\u12f3 \u1265\u127b \u1290\u1260\u1229 (\u1260\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u12e8\u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u1353 \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120b\u12ca \u12ae\u121a\u1274 \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u12f6\/\u122d \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12f0\u1260\u1233\u12ed\u1363 \u12ee\u1210\u1295\u1235 \u1265\u122d\u1203\u1294\u1363 \u12ee\u1234\u134d \u12a0\u12f3\u1290\u1363 \u12ad\u134d\u1209 \u1273\u12f0\u1230\u1363 \u12ad\u134d\u1209 \u1270\u1348\u122b\u1363 \u12d8\u122d\u12d1 \u12ad\u1205\u1238\u1295\u1363 \u12a2\u12eb\u1231 \u12a0\u1208\u121b\u12e8\u1201\u1363 \u1233\u1219\u12a4\u120d \u12a0\u1208\u121b\u12e8\u1201\u1363 \u12a0\u1260\u122b \u12cb\u1245\u1305\u122b\u1363 \u134d\u1245\u122c \u12d8\u122d\u130b\u12cd\u1363 \u1338\u130b\u12ec \u1308\u1265\u1228\u1218\u12f5\u1205\u1295\u1363 \u1265\u122d\u1203\u1290 \u1218\u1235\u1240\u120d \u1228\u12f3\u1363 \u130c\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u121b\u1229 \u12a5\u1293 \u1338\u120e\u1270 \u1205\u12dd\u1245\u12eb\u1235 \u1290\u1260\u1229)\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

*****
\u1218\u1235\u12a8\u1228\u121d 13 \u1240\u1295 1969\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205\u127d \u12d5\u1208\u1275 \u12ae\u120e\u1294\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1271 \u1283\u12ed\u1208\u121b\u122a\u12eb\u121d\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u130d\u12f0\u120d \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u1233\u12ab \u1219\u12a8\u122b \u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u1290\u1233 \u12ae\u120e\u1294\u1209 \u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u1353\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u1325\u134b\u1275 \u1246\u122d\u1320\u12cd \u1270\u1290\u1231\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1235\u12cd\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12ab\u1204\u12f1\u1275\u1295 \u122d\u1238\u1293 \u12ed\u134b \u121b\u12cd\u1323\u1275 \u1300\u1218\u1229\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1273\u1205\u1233\u1235 \u12c8\u122d \u12e8\u12ae\u120e\u1294\u1209\u1295 \u12a5\u122d\u121d\u1303 \u12e8\u121a\u1243\u12c8\u1219 \u1218\u12ae\u1295\u1296\u127d \u1260\u12f0\u122d\u130d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1218\u12cb\u1245\u122b\u12ca \u1208\u12cd\u1325 \u12a0\u12ab\u1204\u12f1\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1201\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12a8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12c8\u122d \u1260\u128b\u120b (\u1325\u122d 25\/1969) \u12ae\u120e\u1294\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u121b\u1295\u121d \u1263\u120b\u1230\u1260\u12cd \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u1320\u120b\u1276\u127b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u1325\u134b\u1275 \u201c\u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c \u12eb\u1230\u1261\u1295\u1295 \u1241\u122d\u1235 \u12a0\u12f0\u1228\u130d\u1293\u1278\u12cd\u201d \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a0\u12c8\u1301\u1361\u1361 \u201c\u12a0\u1265\u12ee\u1271 \u12a8\u1270\u12a8\u120b\u12ab\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a0\u1325\u1242\u1290\u1275 \u1270\u1238\u130b\u130d\u122f\u120d\u201d \u1270\u1263\u1208\u1361\u1361 \u201c\u1240\u12ed \u123d\u1265\u122d\u201d \u1260\u12ed\u134b \u1273\u12c8\u1300\u1361\u1361 \u201c\u1290\u133b \u12a5\u122d\u121d\u1303\u201d \u1270\u1348\u1240\u12f0\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u1260\u12c8\u1245\u1271 \u12e8\u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u1353\u12cd \u12f6\/\u122d \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12f0\u1260\u1233\u12ed \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1290\u1260\u1228 \u12f0\u122d\u130e\u127d \u12eb\u12cd\u1241 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12a0\u12f5\u122b\u123b\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u120d \u121b\u12c8\u1245 \u12a0\u120d\u127b\u1209\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u1353\u121d \u12a8\u1325\u122d \u12c8\u122d \u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b \u1300\u121d\u122e \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1263\u1230 \u1260\u1218\u1204\u12f5 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12f0\u122d\u130d \u12a5\u122d\u121d\u1303 \u1208\u1218\u1240\u120d\u1260\u1235 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121b\u12ed\u127d\u120d \u12a0\u12cd\u1246\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1201\u1295\u1293 \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1275\u1325\u1245 \u12a0\u1218\u133d \u12a0\u120b\u124b\u1228\u1320\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12f0\u130d\u121e\u121d \u12cb\u1293 \u1218\u122a\u12cd\u1295 \u12a8\u12f0\u122d\u130d \u12a0\u134d\u1295\u132b \u1235\u122d \u12a0\u12cd\u1325\u1276 \u12a8\u12f0\u1205\u1293 \u1266\u1273 \u1208\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u12a0\u120d\u121e\u12a8\u1228\u121d\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u1273\u12f2\u12eb \u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u1353\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u122a\u12a0\u1278\u12cd \u12a8\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cd \u12c8\u1325\u1276 \u1208\u12f0\u1205\u1295\u1290\u1271 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u121b\u121b\u129d \u1260\u1206\u1290 \u1266\u1273 \u1262\u12f0\u1260\u1245 \u12ed\u1348\u120d\u1309 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed \u1260\u1218\u130b\u1262\u1275 \u12c8\u122d \u12a0\u130b\u121b\u123d (1969) \u12a8\u121a\u12ab\u1204\u12f0\u12cd \u12e8\u1264\u1275 \u1208\u1264\u1275 \u12a0\u1230\u1233 \u1290\u134d\u1231\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1273\u12f0\u130d \u12ed\u1218\u1299 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1201\u1295\u1293 \u1218\u122a\u12cd \u12a8\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cd \u1208\u1218\u12cd\u1323\u1275 \u121d\u1295\u121d \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u134d\u120b\u130e\u1275 \u12a0\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u201c\u1260\u12da\u1205 \u12ad\u1349 \u1240\u1295 \u1270\u12a8\u1273\u12ee\u127c\u1295 \u1325\u12ec \u12a8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a0\u120d\u1230\u12f0\u12f5\u121d\u201d \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1246\u122d\u1327\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1230\u1233\u12cd \u12a8\u1218\u1300\u1218\u1229 \u12a0\u1235\u1240\u12f5\u121e \u1260\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u1240\u1293\u1275 \u122b\u1231 \u1238\u129d \u1206\u1296 \u1260\u120d\u12e9 \u120d\u12e9 \u12a5\u122d\u12a8\u1295 \u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u1209 \u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u1353\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12a8\u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cd \u12c8\u12f0 \u1308\u1320\u122d \u12ed\u1238\u129d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c \u12e8\u1264\u1275 \u1208\u1264\u1275 \u12a0\u1230\u1233\u12cd \u12a8\u121a\u12ab\u1204\u12f5\u1260\u1275 \u12d5\u1208\u1275 \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u1260\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u1240\u1293\u1275 (\u12a8\u1218\u130b\u1262\u1275 10-13 \u1263\u1209\u1275 \u1240\u1293\u1275) \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12f0\u1260\u1233\u12ed \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u12e8\u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u1353 \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275\u1295 \u12a8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12a5\u12eb\u1235\u12c8\u1323 \u12c8\u12f0 \u1308\u1320\u122d \u1218\u1238\u1298\u1271 \u1270\u1218\u12dd\u130d\u1267\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1290\u12da\u12eb \u1240\u1293\u1275 \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1276\u127d \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a0\u1232\u121d\u1263\u1293 \u1230\u121c\u1295 \u1238\u12cb \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12ce\u127d \u1204\u12f0\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u122d\u1231 \u130d\u1295 \u12a5\u12da\u12eb\u12cd \u1206\u1296 \u12a0\u1230\u1233\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1218\u1323\u12cd\u1295 \u12cd\u1324\u1275 \u1208\u121b\u12e8\u1275 \u12ed\u1320\u1263\u1260\u1245 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361
*****
\u12d5\u1208\u1271 \u1218\u130b\u1262\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u122b 15\/1969 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12f0\u122d\u130d \u12e8\u1264\u1275 \u1208\u1264\u1275 \u12a0\u1230\u1233\u12cd\u1295 \u12a5\u12eb\u12ab\u1204\u12f0 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u12eb\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f1 \u1264\u1275 \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1348\u1270 \u12ed\u1348\u1270\u123b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u201c\u12a0\u1293\u122d\u12aa\u1235\u1275\u201d \u1270\u1265\u120e \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u1228\u1320\u1228 \u1230\u12cd \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u12eb\u12d8 \u12c8\u12f0 \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120b\u12ca \u121d\u122d\u1218\u122b\u1293 \u12e8\u1240\u1260\u120c \u12a5\u1235\u122d \u1264\u1276\u127d \u12ed\u130b\u12db\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12a5\u1235\u122b\u1271 \u1208\u121b\u121d\u1208\u1325 \u12e8\u121e\u12a8\u1228 \u12eb\u1208 \u121d\u1295\u121d \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12ed\u1308\u12f0\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12f6\/\u122d \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12f0\u1260\u1233\u12ed \u12eb\u1228\u1348\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u1260\u122a\u1201\u1295 \u121b\u122a\u12ec \u1264\u1275\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1348\u1270\u123d \u1218\u1228\u1303\u12cd \u1208\u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u1353 \u12a0\u1200\u12f6\u127d \u12f0\u122d\u1237\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec\u1295 \u1205\u12ed\u12c8\u1275 \u1208\u1218\u1273\u12f0\u130d \u1240\u1291\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1262\u122e \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1270\u12f0\u1265\u1246 \u121b\u1233\u1208\u134d \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u120b\u130a \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u1273\u121d\u1296\u1260\u1273\u120d (\u1260\u12c8\u1245\u1271 \u1262\u122e\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u12ed\u1348\u1270\u1239\u121d \u1290\u1260\u122d)\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12f6\/\u122d \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12f0\u1260\u1233\u12ed\u1293 \u1260\u122a\u1201\u1295 \u121b\u122a\u12ec \u12a0\u121d\u1263\u1233\u12f0\u122d \u1274\u12a0\u1275\u122d \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u1263\u1208\u12cd \u12aa\u12f3\u1294 \u1260\u12e8\u1290 \u1205\u1295\u133b \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1260\u121a\u1308\u1298\u12cd \u12e8\u1260\u122a\u1201\u1295 \u121a\u1235\u1275 \u1262\u122e \u1208\u1218\u12f0\u1260\u1245 \u12c8\u1230\u1291\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1260\u122a\u1201\u1295 \u121b\u122a\u12ec \u123e\u134c\u122d\u1290\u1275\u121d \u12a8\u1218\u122d\u12ab\u1276 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a0\u121d\u1263\u1233\u12f0\u122d \u1274\u12a0\u1275\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u1245\u1235\u1243\u1234 \u1300\u1218\u1229\u1361\u1361 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1200\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u1232\u12f0\u122d\u1231 \u130d\u1295 \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec\u1295 \u1260\u121a\u12eb\u12cd\u1245 \u1230\u12cd \u12a5\u12ed\u1273 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1308\u1261\u1361\u1361 \u12eb \u1230\u12cd \u12c8\u12f2\u12eb\u1291 \u1208\u12f0\u122d\u130d \u1338\u1325\u1273 \u1200\u12ed\u120e\u127d \u1260\u1218\u12f0\u12c8\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec\u1295 \u1218\u1308\u1298\u1275 \u12a0\u1260\u1230\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u122b\u1231 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1260\u1240\u1235\u1273 (\u12a5\u1290\u122d\u1231 \u1233\u12eb\u12e9\u1275) \u12a8\u128b\u120b \u12a5\u12e8\u1290\u12f3 \u1270\u12a8\u1270\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12f0\u122d\u130e\u127d \u1208\u12c8\u122b\u1275 \u1232\u1348\u120d\u1309\u1275 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12a0\u12cd\u122b \u1320\u120b\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12f1\u12ab \u1218\u1308\u1298\u1271\u1295 \u1232\u1230\u1219 \u1260\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u134d\u1325\u1290\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u1270\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u1235\u134d\u122b \u12a0\u1233\u123d \u1326\u122d \u120b\u12a9\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12f0\u1260\u1233\u12ed\u1293 \u1260\u122a\u1201\u1295 \u121b\u122a\u12ec \u12c8\u12f0 \u12aa\u12f3\u1294 \u1260\u12e8\u1290 \u1205\u1295\u133b \u1308\u1261\u1361\u1361 \u1206\u1296\u121d \u1205\u1295\u133b\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1320\u1260\u1241\u1275 \u1290\u133b \u1206\u1296 \u1235\u120b\u120b\u1308\u1299\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u1218\u1321\u1260\u1275 \u1208\u1218\u1218\u1208\u1235 \u12c8\u1230\u1291\u1361\u1361 \u1348\u1320\u1295 \u1263\u1208 \u12a5\u122d\u121d\u1303 \u12a8\u1205\u1295\u133b\u12cd \u1218\u12cd\u132b \u1260\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u1232\u12f0\u122d\u1231 \u130d\u1295 \u1208\u1290\u122d\u1231 \u12e8\u1270\u120b\u12a8\u12cd \u12a0\u1233\u123d \u1326\u122d \u1205\u1295\u133b\u12cd\u1295 \u12a8\u1266 \u12a0\u1308\u1299\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205\u1295 \u130a\u12dc\u121d \u12c8\u12f0 \u1205\u1295\u133b\u12cd \u1208\u1218\u1218\u1208\u1235 \u1229\u132b \u1300\u1218\u1229\u1361\u1361 \u1206\u1296\u121d \u1260\u1245\u122d\u1265 \u122d\u1240\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u12a0\u1233\u123e\u127d \u1270\u12ae\u1231\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u122a\u1201\u1295 \u121b\u122a\u12ec \u12c8\u12f2\u12eb\u12cd\u1291 \u1270\u1308\u12f0\u1208\u1361\u1361 \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12f0\u1260\u1233\u12ed \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u130d\u1295\u1263\u1229 \u120b\u12ed \u1246\u1230\u1208\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u122d\u1231 \u130d\u1295 \u12a0\u120d\u1246\u1218\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1205\u1295\u133b\u12cd\u1295 \u134e\u1246\u127d \u1260\u1275\u130b\u1275 \u12c8\u1323\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u134e\u1245 \u120b\u12ed \u1232\u12f0\u122d\u1235 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12ad\u134d\u1275 \u1262\u122e \u12a0\u12e8\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1262\u122e\u12cd \u1260\u1218\u130d\u1263\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u1235\u12ae\u1271 \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u12c8\u12f0 \u12cd\u132a \u1270\u12c8\u1228\u12c8\u1228\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1230\u12a8\u1295\u12f6\u127d \u1260\u128b\u120b\u121d \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u1270\u1348\u1320\u1348\u1320\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u1353\u12cd \u1218\u122a \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u1263\u1208 \u12a0\u1233\u12db\u129d \u1275\u122b\u1304\u12f2 \u12a8\u121d\u12f5\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u1270\u1230\u1293\u1260\u1270\u1361\u1361
*****
\u1235\u1208\u12f6\/\u122d \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12f0\u1260\u1233\u12ed \u1260\u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u1353 \u12c8\u1308\u1295 \u1260\u12ed\u134b \u12e8\u1270\u133b\u1348\u12cd \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12ed\u1205 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1245\u122d\u1265 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12c8\u12f2\u1205 \u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f5 \u1338\u1210\u134a\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u121f\u121f\u1271\u1295 \u1260\u121a\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1275 \u12a0\u12c8\u12db\u130b\u1262 \u1273\u122a\u12ae\u127d\u1295 \u121b\u1235\u1290\u1260\u1265 \u1300\u121d\u1228\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12cd\u12dd\u130d\u1261 \u1208\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u12a0\u12ed\u1320\u1245\u1218\u1295\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1338\u1210\u134a\u12ce\u127d \u1210\u1241\u1295 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8\u121a\u12eb\u12c8\u1321\u1275 \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u12a0\u12c8\u12db\u130b\u1262\u12cd\u1295 \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1265\u1295\u12d8\u1208\u12cd \u12ed\u123b\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1323\u121d \u12e8\u121d\u1295\u1235\u121b\u121b\u1260\u1275 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u1262\u1296\u122d \u1200\u12ed\u120c \u134a\u12f3 \u12e8\u1218\u12a2\u1236\u1295 \u130d\u122d\u121b \u12a5\u1293 \u12a9\u122b\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u1201\u1209 \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12f0\u1260\u1233\u12ed\u121d \u12e8\u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u1353 \u12a0\u12cd\u122b \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228 \u1218\u1206\u1291\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1218\u12a2\u1236\u1295\u1295 \u12eb\u1208 \u1200\u12ed\u120c \u134a\u12f3\u1363 \u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u1353\u1295\u121d \u12eb\u1208 \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12f0\u1260\u1233\u12ed \u121b\u1230\u1265 \u12a0\u12ed\u127b\u120d\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1201\u1208\u1271\u121d \u12e8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f5 \u1348\u122d\u1326\u127d \u1290\u1260\u1229\u1361\u1361 \u1201\u1208\u1271\u121d \u1260\u1270\u1233\u1233\u1270 \u1235\u120c\u1275 \u12a5\u122d\u1235 \u1260\u122d\u1235 \u1270\u12cb\u1309\u1361\u1361 \u1201\u1208\u1271\u121d \u1260\u1328\u12ab\u1299 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1270\u1260\u1209\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u12e8\u12f6\/\u122d \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u1273\u122a\u12ad\u1295 \u12e8\u121b\u1233\u122d\u1308\u12cd \u1260\u121a\u12a8\u1270\u1208\u12cd \u1273\u12cb\u1242 \u12e8\u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u1353 \u1218\u12dd\u1219\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361
\u201c\u1262\u12c8\u1240\u1325 \u12a0\u1325\u1295\u1274 \u1262\u1295\u1246\u1228\u1246\u122d \u12f0\u121c
\u1208\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u120d\u121d\u120b\u121c
\u134d\u1339\u121d \u1290\u12cd \u12a5\u121d\u1290\u1274
\u1275\u130d\u1209 \u1290\u12cd \u1215\u12ed\u12c8\u1274\u201d
*****
\u12a0\u1348\u1295\u12f2 \u1219\u1270\u1242
\u1218\u130b\u1262\u1275 14\/2006<\/p>\n

(\u12e8\u1275\u1228\u12ab \u121d\u1295\u132e\u127d)
1. \u1263\u1262\u120c \u1276\u120b\u1363 \u12e8\u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f5 \u12a5\u120d\u1242\u1275\u1363 1985\u1363 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263
2. \u12ad\u134d\u1209 \u1273\u12f0\u1230\u1363 \u201c\u12eb \u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f5\u201d \u1245\u133d 1\u1363 1987\u1363 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263
3. \u12ad\u134d\u1209 \u1273\u12f0\u1230\u1363 \u201c\u12eb \u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f5\u201d \u1245\u133d 2\u1363 1990\u1363 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263
4. \u12e8\u12eb \u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f5 \u1270\u124b\u121d\u1363 \u201c\u12dd\u12ad\u1228 \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12f0\u1260\u1233\u12ed\u201d\u1363 \u1218\u130b\u1262\u1275 2005\u1363 \u12a8\u12a2\u1295\u1270\u122d\u1294\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1298
5. \u1308\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u12e8\u1208 \u12a0\u1295\u1260\u1234\u1363 \u12e8\u120c\u1270\u1293 \u12ae\u120e\u1294\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1271 \u1283\u12ed\u1208 \u121b\u122a\u12eb\u121d \u1275\u12dd\u1273\u12ce\u127d\u1363 1994\u1363 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263
(\u12a0\u1348\u1295\u12f2 \u1219\u1270\u1242)
The writer, Afendi Muteki, is a researcher of the Ethnography and History of the peoples of East Ethiopia. He is an author of \u201cHarar Gey\u201d, an Ethnography book about the historical city of Harar. You can read some of his articles on his blog and his facebook page.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ዛሬ መጋቢት 14 ቀን ነው፡፡ የኢህአፓው መሪ ዶ\/ር ተስፋዬ ደበሳይ ከደርግ ዋና ጽ\/ቤት ለተላኩ ወታደሮች እጄን አልሰጥም ብሎ ከኪዳኔ በየነ ህንጻ (በድሮው አጠራር ፊሊፕስ ህንጻ) ላይ ራሱን ወርውሮ ህይወቱን ያጠፋው ልክ በዛሬዋ እለት በ1969 ዓ.ል. ነው፡፡ ኢህአፓዎች ተስፋዬ ደበሳይ ራሱን ያጠፋበትን ያንቺን ቅጽበት የቆራጥነትና የጽናት ተምሳሌት አድርገው ይዘክሯታል፡፡<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Image\"<\/p>\n

በእርግጥም ተስፋዬ ደበሳይ ቆራጥ ነበር፡፡ ላመነበት ዓላማ ሺዎችን አንቀሳቅሷል፡፡ ለጠላቶቹ ሳይንበረከክ ህይወቱን ሰውቷል፡፡ በርሱ ሞት ያዘኑት ኢህአፓዎች “ተስፋዬን ከምናጣ ሌሎች የማዕከላዊ ኮሚቴ አባላቶቻችን በሙሉ ቢጠፉ ይሻለን ነበር” በማለት መሪር ሐዘናቸውን አሰምተዋል፡፡ የደርግ መንግሥት እርሱ በሞተበት ዕለት ባወጣው መግለጫ አንድ ክፍለ ጦር ሰራዊት የተደመሰሰ ያህል ነበር የፎከረው፡፡
ተስፋዬ ደበሳይ ማን ነው? በኢህአፓ ውስጥ የነበረው ሚና ምን ይመስል ነበር?… ህይወቱ የተፈጸመው እንዴት ነው? እስቲ በጥቂቱ እንየው፡፡
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ኢሮብ በትግራይ ክፍለ ሀገር፣ [deleted] አውራጃ ውስጥ የምትገኝ ወረዳ ናት (በአሁኑ የአስተዳደር አወቃቀር በትግራይ ክልል፣ ምስራቃዊ ዞን ውስጥ ነው የምትገኘው)፡፡ በዚህች ወረዳ ከትግርኛ ተናጋሪው ብሄረ-ትግራይ በተጨማሪ ኢሮብ የሚባለው አነስተኛ ብሄረሰብ ይኖራል፡፡ ይህ ህዝብ በውስጡ ሶስት ዐይነት ማህበረሰቦች አሉት፡፡ አንደኛው ደመክኒቶ ይባላል፡፡ የዚህ ማህበረሰብ አባላት የካቶሊክ ክርስቲያኖች ናቸው፡፡ ሁለተኛው ማህበረሰብ “ሀሳበላ” የሚባል ሲሆን የኦርቶዶክስ ተዋህዶ እምነት ተከታዮች ይበዙበታል፡፡ ሶስተኛው ማህበረሰብ “ዳልገዳ” ይባላል፡፡ እነዚህኛዎቹ ደግሞ ሙስሊሞች ናቸው፡፡ እነዚህ ማህበረሰቦች የሚናገሩት ቋንቋ በኤርትራ ምድር ከሚነገረው የሳሆ ቋንቋ ጋር ተመሳሳይነት አለው፡፡ ሆኖም ኢሮብ እና ሳሆ በኢኮኖሚ ስምሪታቸው ይለያያሉ፡፡ የሳሆ ህዝብ ሙሉ በሙሉ አርብቶ አደር ነው፡፡ ኢሮቦች ግን በእርሻ ስራና በአነስተኛ ዕደ-ጥበባት ነው የሚተዳደሩት፡፡ የኢሮብ ወረዳ ተራራና ሸንተረር ይበዛዋል፡፡ በአካባቢው ካሉት ተራሮች መካከል “አሲምባ” እና “አይጋ” ትልልቆቹ ናቸው፡፡<\/p>\n

በዚህች የኢሮብ ወረዳ ውስጥ አሊቴና የምትባል አነስተኛ መንደር አለች፡፡ ይህች መንደር የአጋሜ አውራጃ ርዕሰ ከተማ ከሆነችው አዲግራት 35 ኪሎ ሜትር ያህል ትርቃለች፡፡ የመንደሪቷ ነዋሪዎች በአብዛኛው ካቶሊክ ክርስቲያኖች ናቸው፡፡ ተሰፋዬ ደበሳይ በዚያች አነስተኛ መንደር ውስጥ ነው በ1933 የተወለደው፡፡ ወላጅ አባቱ አቶ ደበሳይ ካህሳይ ይባላሉ፡፡ እናቱ ደግሞ ወ\/ሮ ምህረታ ዓዶ-ዑማር ነበሩ፡፡ ተስፋዬ የቤተሰቡ የበኩር እና ብቸኛ ወንድ ልጅ ነው፡፡ ከርሱ በኋላ የተወለዱት ስድስት ልጆች በሙሉ ሴቶች ናቸው (ለዚህ ጽሑፍ የመረጃ ምንጭ ከሆነው የመጋቢት ወር\/2005 የኢህአፓ ዘገባ ለመረዳት እንደተቻለው ከስድስት እህቶቹ መካከል አምስቱ በህይወት ይገኛሉ፤ ወላጅ አባቱም በህይወት አሉ)፡፡<\/p>\n

አሊቴና በዚያ ዘመን ትምህርት ቤት አልነበራትም፡፡ ስለዚህ ህጻኑ ተስፋዬ የትምህርት ጉጉት ቢኖረውም እድሜው አስር ዓመት እስኪሆነው ድረስ ትምህርት ቤት ለመግባት አልታደለም፡፡ በ1943 ግን አዲግራት ከሚኖሩት አክስቱ ዘንድ ሄደና ትምህርት ቤት እንዲያስገቡት ለመናቸው፡፡ አክስቱም በከተማዋ ከሚገኝ ታዋቂ የካቶሊክ ሚሽን ትምህርት ቤት አስገቡት፡፡ ተስፋዬም እስከ ስምንተኛ ክፍል በዚሁ ት\/ቤት ከተማረ በኋላ ዘጠኛ ክፍልን መቀሌ በሚገኘው አጼ ዮሐንስ ሁለተኛ ደረጃ ት\/ቤት አጠናቀቀ፡፡ ይሁንና በወቅቱ የትምህርት ወጪውን በራሱ ሸፍኖ መማር እንደማይችል በመረዳቱ ፊት ወደ ነበረበት የካቶሊክ ት\/ቤት ተመለሰ፡፡ እዚያም እስከ አስራ ሁለተኛ ክፍል ከተማረ በኋላ ለከፍተኛ ትምህርት ወደ ጣሊያን ሀገር ተላከ፡፡ በሀገረ ኢጣሊያ ሮም ከተማ ካለው Urbaniana University በፍልስፍና ትምህርት የዶክትሬት ዲግሪውን ተቀበለ፡፡<\/p>\n

ተስፋዬ በስራው ዓለም ሲሰማራ ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ የሰራበት መስሪያ ቤት የማስታወቂያና መርሐ ብሄር ሚኒስቴር ነበር፡፡ በዚህ መስሪያ ቤት የምርምር ክፍል ሃላፊ ሆኖ እየሰራ በማታው ክፍል የአባዲና ፖሊስ ኮሌጅ አስተማሪ ለመሆን በቅቷል፡፡ በ1964 ለተጨማሪ ስልጠና ወደ አውሮጳ (ስዊዘርላንድ) ተልኳል፡፡ በዚያ እያለም በመቀጣጠል ላይ የነበረው የኢትዮጵያ ተማሪዎች ንቅናቄ ልቡን ስለወሰደው ትምህርቱን ትቶ ሙሉ በሙሉ ወደዚያው ገብቷል፡፡<\/p>\n

ታዲያ እርሱ ወደ ስዊዘርላንድ በሄደበት ወቅት በአውሮጳው የኢትዮጵያ ተማሪዎች ማህበር እና በአሜሪካው የተማሪዎች ማህበር መካከል ከፍተኛ ውዝግብ ይካሄድ ነበር፡፡ ሁለቱ ማህበሮች የተወዛገቡት የድርጅት ምስረታና አደረጃጀት፣ የኤርትራ ጥያቄ፣ የብሄረሰቦች መብት፣ የትጥቅ ትግል አስፈላጊነት በመሳሰሉ አርዕስተ ነገሮች ዙሪያ ነበር፡፡ በጊዜው የድርጅት አስኳል ለመመስረት ጥረት ያደርግ የነበረው የአልጄሪያው የስደተኛ ተማሪዎች ቡድን ከአሜሪካው ማህበር ጋር ተቀራራቢ አቋም አሳየ፡፡ የአውሮጳው ማህበር መሪዎች በሀገር ቤት ከነበሩ ጥቂት ተማሪዎች ጋር አንድ ዓይነት አቋም ላይ ደረሱ፡፡ ተስፋዬ ደበሳይ ግን የአውሮጳው ማህበር መሪዎችን ውሳኔ በመቃወም ከአልጄሪያው ቡድን ጋር ወገነ፡፡ በዚህም መሰረት የአልጄሪያው ቡድን፣ የአሜሪካው ቡድንና አውሮጳ የነበሩት ጥቂት ተማሪዎች በድርጅት ምስረታ ሂደት ላይ መነጋገር ጀመሩ፡፡ ውይይቱ ለወራት ሲብላላ ከቆየ በኋላ በዓለም ዙሪያ ተበታትነው የነበሩ ሌሎች ኢትዮጵያዊ ተማሪዎችንም ማካለል ጀመረ፡፡ በስተመጨረሻም በሚያዚያ ወር 1964 “የኢትዮጵያ ህዝቦች አርነት ድርጅት” (ኢህአድ) ተወለደ፡፡ ተስፋዬ ደበሳይም ለድርጅቱ አመራር ከተመረጡ ሰባት የማዕከላዊ ኮሚቴ አባላት አንዱ ሆነ፡፡
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ኢህአድ የተወለደው በውጪ ሀገር ነው፡፡ ከ1964-1966 በነበሩት ዓመታት ዋነኛ ስራው ድርጅቱን ማስተዋወቅና አባላትን ማሰባሰብ ነበር፡፡ ከፍልስጥኤም ነጻ አውጪ ድርጅትና ከኤርትራ ግንባሮች የተሰጠውን ድጋፍ በመጠቀም የትጥቅ ትግል የመጀመር እንቅስቃሴ ሲያደርግም ቆይቷል፡፡ የድርጅቱ ቀዳሚ ዓላማ ከገጠር በሚጀመር የትጥቅ ትግል በረጅም ጊዜ የስርዓት ለውጥ ማምጣት ነበር፡፡ የኢህአድ መሪዎችም ድርጅቱ ቀዳሚ ሰራዊቱን ሊያሰማራበት ወዳሰበው የአሲምባ ተራራ በመሄድ ወታደራዊና ፖለቲካዊ አመራር እንዲሰጡ ለማድረግ ታስቧል፡፡ ይሁንና በ1966 የፈነዳው የኢትዮጵያ አብዮት የትግሉን አቅጣጫ ሙሉ በሙሉ ቀየረው፡፡ የአሮጌው ስርዓት መውደቅ አይቀሬ እንደሆነ ሁሉም በየፊናው አወቀ፡፡ “በርሱ ቦታ ተተክቶ ሀገሪቱን የሚመራው ማን ነው?” የሚለው ጥያቄ ግን አነጋጋሪ ሆነ፡፡ በዚህም በተራማጅ አብዮተኞች መካከል ከፍተኛ ውይይት ተቀሰቀሰ፡፡ በመደምደሚያውም የፓርቲ ቅርጽ የነበራቸው ቡድኖች በከተሞች አካባቢ የፖለቲካ ትግል ቢያደርጉ ጠቀሜታው ከፍ ያለ እንደሚሆን ከስምምነት ላይ ተደረሰ፡፡ በመሆኑም በውጪ ሀገር የነበረው የኢህአድ አመራር ወደ ሀገሪቷ ለመግባት ወሰነ፡፡<\/p>\n

ከኢህአድ ከፍተኛ መሪዎች መካከል በቅድሚያ ወደ አዲስ አበባ የገባው ዶ\/ር ተስፋዬ ደበሳይ ነው፡፡ ጊዜውም ሰኔ 1966 ነበር፡፡ በወቅቱ የወታደሮች ቡድን የሆነው ደርግ ተመስርቶ የአጼውን መንግሥት ለመጣል እያኮበኮበ ነበር፡፡ በሀምሌ ወር አጋማሽ ላይ ደርግ የልጅ እንዳልካቸውን ካቢኔ በመሻር ልጅ ሚካኤል እምሩ ጠቅላይ ሚኒስትር እንዲሆኑ መረጣቸው፡፡ ልጅ ሚካኤልም ካቢኔአቸውን ሲያቋቁሙ በስዊዘርላንድ የሚያውቁትን ዶ\/ር ተስፋዬ ደበሳይን የመሬት ይዞታ ሚኒስትር እንዲሆን ጠየቁት፡፡ እርሱ ግን ከውጪ የመጣው ለዚያ አልነበረምና አንዳች ምክንያት ፈጥሮ አሉታዊ መልስ ሰጣቸው፡፡ በምትኩ በመስሪያ ቤቱ በኤክስፐርትነት ቢቀጠር ለመስራት ፈቃደኛ እንደሆነ ገለጸላቸው፡፡ በዚህም መሰረት ከነሐሴ 1966 ጀምሮ የመስሪያ ቤቱ ሰራተኛ ሆነ፡፡<\/p>\n

ተስፋዬ ወደ ሀገር ቤት ከተመለሰ በኋላ ድርጅቱን በማስፋፋትና አባላትን በማደራጀት ስራ ላይ ነበር የተጠመደው፡፡ የድርጅቱ ልሳን የሆነችውን “ዲሞክራሲያ” ጋዜጣ ከሚያወጡ አርታኢያን መካከልም አንዱ ነበር፡፡ በድርጅቱ የመጀመሪያ ጉባኤ ዋና ጸሐፊ ሆኖ የተመረጠው ብርሃነ መስቀል ረዳ ከሰራዊቱ ጋር ስለነበር በርሱ ቦታ በጊዜያዊነት አመራር የሚሰጠውም ተስፋዬ ደበሳይ ነበር፡፡ በወቅቱ በድርጅቱ አመራር ላይ ከነበሩትም መካከል በዕድሜም ሆነ በትምህርት ደረጃ የሚበልጠው እርሱ ነበር፡፡<\/p>\n

ተስፋዬ እስከ ታህሳስ 1967 በአዲስ አበባ ከተማ ከቆየ በኋላ ከመሬት ይዞታ ጋር ለተያያዘ የመስክ ስራ ወደ ትግራይ ተጓዘ፡፡ እግረ መንገዱንም አሲምባ የሚገኘውን የድርጅቱን ጀማሪ ሰራዊት ለመጎብኘት ወደዚያው ጎራ አለ፡፡ በጊዜው የነበረውን የሀገሪቱን የፖለቲካ ሁኔታ ለሰራዊቱ ካብራራ በኋላ ግን ያልተጠበቀ ችግር ተከሰተ፡፡ ስምንት ያህል የሰራዊቱ አባላት ከጀማሪ ሰራዊቱ በመነጠል ለደርግ እጃቸውን ሰጡ (እጃቸውን የሰጡት ሰዎች ተስፋዬ መኮንን፣ ኃይለ እየሱስ ወልደ ሰንበት፣ አበበ በየነ፣ ዘከሪያ መሐመድ፣ አያሌው ከበደ፣ ጋሻው መንግሥቱ፣ ሀይሌ ወልደ ጊዮርጊስና ዳዊት አሰፋ ነበሩ፤ እነዚህ ሰዎች በ1968 መጀመሪያ ላይ “ማሌሪድ”፣ ማለትም “የማርክሲስት ሌኒኒስት ሪቮሉሽናሪ ድርጅት”ን መስርተዋል)፡፡ ታዲያ የነዚህ ሰዎች ከኢህአፓ አፈንግጦ መውጣት የዶ\/ር ተስፋዬ ደበሳይን ማንነት አጋለጠው፡፡ በመሆኑም ከዚያን ጊዜ ጀምሮ ህቡዕ ለመግባት ተገደደ፡፡
*****
ዶ\/ር ተስፋዬ ደበሳይ ህቡዕ ከገባ በኋላ የሙሉ ጊዜ አብዮታዊ ሆኗል፡፡ ኢህአድን በሙሉ አቅሙ አገልግሏል፡፡ በነሃሴ ወር 1967 ድርጅቱ ስሙን ቀይሮ “ኢህአፓ” (የኢትዮጵያ ህዝባዊ አብዮታዊ ፓርቲ) የተሰኘውን ዝነኛ መጠሪያውን የያዘበትን ጉባኤ በዋናነት ያዘጋጀውም እርሱ ነው፡፡ የድርጅቱ የፍልስፍና ሊቅ (ideologue) ሆኖ የሚያገለግለውም እርሱ ነበር፡፡ በኢህአፓ መስራች ጉባኤ “ዋና ጸሐፊ” የሚባል የስልጣን ተዋረድ ሲሻር በቀዳሚነት የማዕከላዊ ኮሚቴ ጸሐፊ ሆኖ ማገልገል የጀመረው እርሱ ነበር (ይህ የጸሐፊነት ቦታ በየጊዜው ይለዋወጥ ነበር፤ ጸሐፊው የሚመረጠውም በፓርቲው ጉባኤ ሳይሆን በፖሊት ቢሮው ነው)፡፡<\/p>\n

እስከ 1968 አጋማሽ ድረስ በነበረው ጊዜ የኢህአፓ አመራሮች ማንነት በግልጽ አይታወቅም፡፡ በዚያን ጊዜ ህቡዕ ለመግባት የተገደዱት ብርሃነ መስቀል ረዳ እና ተስፋዬ ደበሳይ ብቻ ናቸው፡፡ በመሆኑም አብዛኛው የፓርቲው ስራ የሚከወነው በተስፋዬ ነበር (ብርሃነ መስቀል ለፖሊት ቢሮው ስላልተመረጠ ከፍተኛ ሃላፊነት አልተሰጠውም፤ በተጨማሪም ከሌሎች መሪዎች ጋር መነታረክ ጀምሮ ነበር) ፡፡<\/p>\n

የህዝብ ድርጅት ጉዳይ ጊዜያዊ ጽ\/ቤት ከተመሰረተ በኋላ ግን አመራሩን ለአደጋ የሚያጋልጥ ሁኔታ ተከሰተ፡፡ በጽ\/ቤቱ የተመረጡት ከፍተኛ ካድሬዎች የኢህአፓ መሪዎችን ስለሚያውቋቸው ለደርግ አሳልፈው ይሰጡአቸዋል የሚል ስጋት ሰፈነ፡፡ በመሆኑም በ1968 መጨረሻ ገደማ ሁሉም መሪዎች ህቡዕ ለመግባት ተገደዱ፡፡ ታዲያ የኢህአፓ የትግል ስትራቴጂም መለወጥ የጀመረው ከዚህ ወቅት ጀምሮ ነው፡፡ ከ1968 ክረምት ወራት በፊት በከተሞች አካባቢ የፖለቲካ ትግል ብቻ ያደርግ የነበረው ኢህአፓ የደርግ ፋሺስትነትን ለመከላከል በሚል የከተማ ትጥቅ ትግል የጀመረው ያኔ ነው፡፡<\/p>\n

አንዳንድ ወገኖች የትጥቅ ትግሉ በዶ\/ር ተስፋዬ ደበሳይ ግፊት የመጣ ነው ይላሉ፡፡ ከሊቀመንበር መንግሥቱ ኃይለማሪያም ጀምሮ መገደል ያለባቸውን ከፍተኛ የደርግና የመኢሶን ባለስልጣናት ዝርዝር እያዘጋጀ የሞት ፍርድ ያስወስን የነበረው ተስፋዬ ደበሳይ ነው በማለት ይሞግታሉ፡፡ ከዚህ እልፍ ሲል ደግሞ የተስፋዬን ትግሬነት በመጥቀስ ብቻ ሻዕቢያ በአዲስ አበባ ከተማ ሽብር ለመቀስቀስ የመደበው የጥፋት ወኪል ነው የሚል መረጃ የሚያስነብቡ ጽሁፎችን ማየት የተለመደ ሆኗል (ለነገሩ ተስፋዬ የኢሮብ ተወላጅ ነው እንጂ ትግሬ አልነበረም)፡፡ ይሁንና እንዲህ ዓይነቱን የተናጥል ክስ በተስፋዬ ላይ የሚያጠናክር ማስረጃ የለም፡፡ ኢህአፓ የከተማ ትጥቅ ትግል እንዲጀምር የወሰኑት ብዙሃኑ የማዕከላዊ ኮሚቴ አባላት ናቸው እንጂ ተስፋዬ ደበሳይ ብቻ አልነበረም፤ ውሳኔውን የተቃወሙት ጌታቸው ማሩ እና ብርሃነ መስቀል ረዳ ብቻ ነበሩ (በጊዜው የኢህአፓ ማዕከላዊ ኮሚቴ አባላት የነበሩት ዶ\/ር ተስፋዬ ደበሳይ፣ ዮሐንስ ብርሃኔ፣ ዮሴፍ አዳነ፣ ክፍሉ ታደሰ፣ ክፍሉ ተፈራ፣ ዘርዑ ክህሸን፣ ኢያሱ አለማየሁ፣ ሳሙኤል አለማየሁ፣ አበራ ዋቅጅራ፣ ፍቅሬ ዘርጋው፣ ጸጋዬ ገብረመድህን፣ ብርሃነ መስቀል ረዳ፣ ጌታቸው ማሩ እና ጸሎተ ህዝቅያስ ነበሩ)፡፡<\/p>\n

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መስከረም 13 ቀን 1969፡፡ በዚህች ዕለት ኮሎኔል መንግሥቱ ኃይለማሪያምን ለመግደል ያልተሳካ ሙከራ ተደረገ፡፡ በዚህም የተነሳ ኮሎኔሉ ኢህአፓን ለማጥፋት ቆርጠው ተነሱ፡፡ በስውር የሚያካሄዱትን ርሸና ይፋ ማውጣት ጀመሩ፡፡ በታህሳስ ወር የኮሎኔሉን እርምጃ የሚቃወሙ መኮንኖች በደርግ ውስጥ መዋቅራዊ ለውጥ አካሄዱ፡፡ ይሁን እንጂ ከአንድ ወር በኋላ (ጥር 25\/1969) ኮሎኔል መንግስቱ ማንም ባላሰበው መንገድ ጠላቶቻቸውን በማጥፋት “ለምሳሌ ያሰቡንን ቁርስ አደረግናቸው” በማለት አወጁ፡፡ “አብዮቱ ከተከላካይነት ወደ አጥቂነት ተሸጋግሯል” ተባለ፡፡ “ቀይ ሽብር” በይፋ ታወጀ፡፡ “ነጻ እርምጃ” ተፈቀደ፡፡<\/p>\n

በወቅቱ የኢህአፓው ዶ\/ር ተስፋዬ ደበሳይ አዲስ አበባ ውስጥ እንደነበረ ደርጎች ያውቁ ነበር፡፡ ነገር ግን አድራሻውን በትክክል ማወቅ አልቻሉም፡፡ ኢህአፓም ከጥር ወር መጨረሻ ጀምሮ እየተባባሰ በመሄድ ላይ የነበረውን የደርግ እርምጃ ለመቀልበስ እንደማይችል አውቆታል፡፡ ይሁንና የከተማውን የትጥቅ አመጽ አላቋረጠም፡፡ ደግሞም ዋና መሪውን ከደርግ አፍንጫ ስር አውጥቶ ከደህና ቦታ ለማድረስ አልሞከረም፡፡<\/p>\n

ታዲያ ኢህአፓዎች መሪአቸው ከከተማው ወጥቶ ለደህንነቱ አስተማማኝ በሆነ ቦታ ቢደበቅ ይፈልጉ ነበር፡፡ በተለይ በመጋቢት ወር አጋማሽ (1969) ከሚካሄደው የቤት ለቤት አሰሳ ነፍሱን እንዲታደግ ይመኙ ነበር፡፡ ይሁንና መሪው ከከተማው ለመውጣት ምንም ዓይነት ፍላጎት አልነበረውም፡፡ “በዚህ ክፉ ቀን ተከታዮቼን ጥዬ ከከተማ አልሰደድም” በማለት ቆርጧል፡፡ አሰሳው ከመጀመሩ አስቀድሞ በነበሩት ቀናት ራሱ ሸኝ ሆኖ በልዩ ልዩ እርከን ላይ ያሉ ኢህአፓዎችን ከከተማው ወደ ገጠር ይሸኝ ነበር፡፡ ለምሳሌ የቤት ለቤት አሰሳው ከሚካሄድበት ዕለት በፊት በነበሩት ቀናት (ከመጋቢት 10-13 ባሉት ቀናት) ተስፋዬ ደበሳይ በርካታ የኢህአፓ አባላትን ከከተማ እያስወጣ ወደ ገጠር መሸኘቱ ተመዝግቧል፡፡ በነዚያ ቀናት በርካቶች ወደ አሲምባና ሰሜን ሸዋ አካባቢዎች ሄደዋል፡፡ እርሱ ግን እዚያው ሆኖ አሰሳው የሚያመጣውን ውጤት ለማየት ይጠባበቅ ነበር፡፡
*****
ዕለቱ መጋቢት አስራ 15\/1969 ነው፡፡ ደርግ የቤት ለቤት አሰሳውን እያካሄደ ነው፡፡ እያንዳንዱ ቤት እየተከፈተ ይፈተሻል፡፡ “አናርኪስት” ተብሎ የተጠረጠረ ሰው እየተያዘ ወደ ማዕከላዊ ምርመራና የቀበሌ እስር ቤቶች ይጋዛል፡፡ ከእስራቱ ለማምለጥ የሞከረ ያለ ምንም ጥያቄ ይገደላል፡፡ ዶ\/ር ተስፋዬ ደበሳይ ያረፈበት የበሪሁን ማሪዬ ቤትም እንደሚፈተሽ መረጃው ለኢህአፓ አሀዶች ደርሷል፡፡ በመሆኑም የተስፋዬን ህይወት ለመታደግ ቀኑን በመንግሥት ቢሮ ውስጥ ተደብቆ ማሳለፍ አስፈላጊ እንደሆነ ታምኖበታል (በወቅቱ ቢሮዎች አይፈተሹም ነበር)፡፡ በዚህ መሰረት ዶ\/ር ተስፋዬ ደበሳይና በሪሁን ማሪዬ አምባሳደር ቴአትር አካባቢ ባለው ኪዳኔ በየነ ህንጻ ውስጥ በሚገኘው የበሪሁን ሚስት ቢሮ ለመደበቅ ወሰኑ፡፡ በበሪሁን ማሪዬ ሾፌርነትም ከመርካቶ አካባቢ ወደ አምባሳደር ቴአትር እንቅስቃሴ ጀመሩ፡፡ ተክለ ሀይማኖት አካባቢ ሲደርሱ ግን ተስፋዬን በሚያውቅ ሰው እይታ ውስጥ ገቡ፡፡ ያ ሰው ወዲያኑ ለደርግ ጸጥታ ሀይሎች በመደወል የተስፋዬን መገኘት አበሰራቸው፡፡ ለራሱ ደግሞ በቀስታ (እነርሱ ሳያዩት) ከኋላ እየነዳ ተከተላቸው፡፡ ደርጎች ለወራት ሲፈልጉት የነበረው አውራ ጠላታቸው ዱካ መገኘቱን ሲሰሙ በከፍተኛ ፍጥነት ወደ ተባለው ስፍራ አሳሽ ጦር ላኩ፡፡<\/p>\n

ተስፋዬ ደበሳይና በሪሁን ማሪዬ ወደ ኪዳኔ በየነ ህንጻ ገቡ፡፡ ሆኖም ህንጻው እንደጠበቁት ነጻ ሆኖ ስላላገኙት ወደ መጡበት ለመመለስ ወሰኑ፡፡ ፈጠን ባለ እርምጃ ከህንጻው መውጫ በር ላይ ሲደርሱ ግን ለነርሱ የተላከው አሳሽ ጦር ህንጻውን ከቦ አገኙት፡፡ በዚህን ጊዜም ወደ ህንጻው ለመመለስ ሩጫ ጀመሩ፡፡ ሆኖም በቅርብ ርቀት ላይ የነበሩት አሳሾች ተኮሱባቸው፡፡ በሪሁን ማሪዬ ወዲያውኑ ተገደለ፡፡ ተስፋዬ ደበሳይ ደግሞ ግንባሩ ላይ ቆሰለ፡፡ እርሱ ግን አልቆመም፡፡ የህንጻውን ፎቆች በትጋት ወጣ፡፡ ከስድስተኛው ፎቅ ላይ ሲደርስ አንድ ክፍት ቢሮ አየ፡፡ ከቢሮው በመግባት በመስኮቱ በኩል ወደ ውጪ ተወረወረ፡፡ ከሰከንዶች በኋላም መሬት ላይ ተፈጠፈጠ፡፡ የኢህአፓው መሪ እንዲህ ባለ አሳዛኝ ትራጄዲ ከምድር ላይ ተሰናበተ፡፡
*****
ስለዶ\/ር ተስፋዬ ደበሳይ በኢህአፓ ወገን በይፋ የተጻፈው ታሪክ ይህ ነው፡፡ ከቅርብ ዓመታት ወዲህ አንዳንድ ጸሐፊዎች አሟሟቱን በሚመለከት አወዛጋቢ ታሪኮችን ማስነበብ ጀምረዋል፡፡ ውዝግቡ ለጊዜው አይጠቅመንም፡፡ የታሪክ ጸሐፊዎች ሐቁን እስከሚያወጡት ድረስ አወዛጋቢውን ታሪክ ብንዘለው ይሻላል፡፡ በጣም የምንስማማበት ጉዳይ ቢኖር ሀይሌ ፊዳ የመኢሶን ግርማ እና ኩራት እንደነበረው ሁሉ ተስፋዬ ደበሳይም የኢህአፓ አውራ የነበረ መሆኑን ነው፡፡ መኢሶንን ያለ ሀይሌ ፊዳ፣ ኢህአፓንም ያለ ተስፋዬ ደበሳይ ማሰብ አይቻልም፡፡ ሁለቱም የአንድ ትውልድ ፈርጦች ነበሩ፡፡ ሁለቱም በተሳሳተ ስሌት እርስ በርስ ተዋጉ፡፡ ሁለቱም በጨካኙ ስርዓት ተበሉ፡፡<\/p>\n

የዶ\/ር ተስፋዬ ታሪክን የማሳርገው በሚከተለው ታዋቂ የኢህአፓ መዝሙር ነው፡፡
“ቢወቀጥ አጥንቴ ቢንቆረቆር ደሜ
ለአዲስ ሥርዓት ልምላሜ
ፍጹም ነው እምነቴ
ትግሉ ነው ሕይወቴ”
*****
አፈንዲ ሙተቂ
መጋቢት 14\/2006<\/p>\n

(የትረካ ምንጮች)
1. ባቢሌ ቶላ፣ የትውልድ እልቂት፣ 1985፣ አዲስ አበባ
2. ክፍሉ ታደሰ፣ “ያ ትውልድ” ቅጽ 1፣ 1987፣ አዲስ አበባ
3. ክፍሉ ታደሰ፣ “ያ ትውልድ” ቅጽ 2፣ 1990፣ አዲስ አበባ
4. የያ ትውልድ ተቋም፣ “ዝክረ ተስፋዬ ደበሳይ”፣ መጋቢት 2005፣ ከኢንተርኔት የተገኘ
5. ገነት አየለ አንበሴ፣ የሌተና ኮሎኔል መንግሥቱ ኃይለ ማሪያም ትዝታዎች፣ 1994፣ አዲስ አበባ
(አፈንዲ ሙተቂ)
The writer, Afendi Muteki, is a researcher of the Ethnography and History of the peoples of East Ethiopia. He is an author of “Harar Gey”, an Ethnography book about the historical city of Harar. You can read some of his articles on his blog and his facebook page.<\/p>\n

Read more ›<\/a><\/div>\n

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