\u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u1260\u134a\u1275 ‘\u12e8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u1215\u12dd\u1265\u1293 \u1215\u12c8\u1213\u1275 \u121d\u1295\u1293 \u121d\u1295 \u1293\u1278\u12cd?’ \u1265\u12ec \u1260\u1320\u12e8\u1245\u12a9\u1260\u1275 \u133d\u1211\u134c\u1364 \u12a5\u1305\u1293 \u1313\u1295\u1275 \u1293\u1278\u12cd \u1265\u12ec \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 \u1235\u1208\u1265\u12d9\u1283\u1291 \u1275\u130d\u122b\u12cb\u12ee\u127d \u12a5\u12eb\u12c8\u122b\u1295 \u12a8\u1206\u1290 \u12a0\u1201\u1295\u121d \u12eb\u12cd \u1290\u12cd \u1218\u120d\u1234\u1362 \u1260\u12da\u12eb \u133d\u1211\u134d \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u12f5\u121d\u12f3\u121c \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u12f0\u1228\u1235\u12a9\u1275 \u1215\u12c8\u1213\u1275 \u1260\u121a\u12eb\u1308\u1298\u12cd \u1219\u1209 \u12f5\u121d\u1345 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1364 \u12eb\u1295\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12ad\u120d \u12f5\u121d\u1345 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12cd\u1235\u1325\u121d \u12e8\u1275\u121d \u1348\u132d\u1276 \u12e8\u1275\u121d \u12a0\u130d\u129d\u1276\u1273\u120d\u1362 \u1215\u12c8\u1213\u1275\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12c8\u12f1\u1275 \u12a0\u121b\u122b\u132d \u12a0\u1325\u1270\u12cd \u1290\u12cd \u1265\u12ec \u1290\u1260\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u122b\u12a8\u122d\u12a9\u1275\u1362 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1271\u121d \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1275\u130d\u122b\u12cb\u12ed \u12eb\u120d\u1206\u1290\u12cd \u1230\u12cd \u1201\u1209 \u1275\u130d\u122b\u12cb\u12e9\u1295 \u1260\u1215\u12c8\u1213\u1275 \u1218\u1290\u1345\u122d \u1235\u1208\u121a\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1270\u12cd \u1270\u1308\u134d\u1276 \u1290\u12cd \u1263\u12ed \u1290\u1260\u122d\u12a9 \u1260\u12da\u12eb \u133d\u1211\u134d (\u1260\u12da\u1205 \u133d\u1211\u134d \u12f0\u130d\u121e ‘\u121d\u1295 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u121b\u122b\u132d \u12a0\u1325\u1276 \u1290\u12cd?’ \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121d\u1320\u12ed\u1240\u12cd) \u1362<\/p>\n
\u12a5\u122d\u130d\u1325 \u12ed\u1204 \u1265\u127b \u1260\u1242 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1362 \u1215\u12c8\u1213\u1275 \u1208\u1201\u1208\u1275 \u12d0\u1225\u122d\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12e8\u12d8\u122b\u12cd \u12e8\u1325\u122d\u1323\u122c \u1355\u122e\u1353\u130b\u1295\u12f3 \u1275\u130d\u122b\u12cb\u12ee\u127d \u1215\u12c8\u1213\u1275\u1295 \u1263\u12ed\u12c8\u12f1\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12b3 \u1208\u120c\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u1325\u122d\u1323\u122c \u12a8\u1231 \u1309\u12eb \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u12c8\u1321 \u12eb\u1235\u1308\u12f5\u12f3\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1362 (\u1340\u1228-\u1245\u129d\u130d\u12db\u1275 \u1270\u1295\u1273\u129e\u127d \u12e8\u1325\u1308\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u1263\u12dc \u12e8\u121a\u1209\u1275 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1275\u1362)<\/p>\n
\u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u12f5\u121d\u12f3\u121c \u12e8\u12a5\u1290\u12a0\u1265\u122d\u1203 \u12f0\u1235\u1273\u1295 \u12e8\u130d\u1208\u1230\u1265 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a0\u1228\u1293 \u1353\u122d\u1272\u1295 \u12e8\u1261\u12f5\u1295 \u1241\u122d\u1320\u129b \u1275\u130d\u120d \u12a0\u1323\u1245\u1236 \u1349\u122d\u123d \u1208\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u12e8\u121a\u121e\u12ad\u122d \u12a0\u12ed\u1320\u134b\u121d \u1265\u12ec \u12a5\u1308\u121d\u1273\u1208\u1201\u1362 \u127d\u130d\u1229\u1363 \u12e8\u12a0\u1228\u1293 \u1270\u1240\u1263\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12a8\u1325\u1242\u1275 \u12e8\u120d\u1212\u1243\u1295 \u1275\u130d\u122b\u12cb\u12ee\u127d \u12a0\u120d\u134e \u1265\u12d9\u1283\u1291 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1230\u122d\u133f\u120d \u12c8\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u1232\u1218\u1323 \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n
\u12c8\u12f0 \u133d\u1211\u134c \u122d\u12d5\u1235 \u1235\u1218\u1208\u1235 ‘\u12c8\u12f3\u1305’ \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1243\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u1240\u121d\u12a9\u1260\u1275 \u1215\u12dd\u1261 \u12e8\u121a\u12c8\u12f0\u12cd \u1208\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1271 \u12e8\u121a\u12c8\u12f0\u12cd \u1208\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1362 \u12e8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12c8\u1308\u1295 \u134d\u1245\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12a0\u12ce\u1363 \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1206\u1290\u1295 \u1235\u1293\u1235\u1260\u12cd \u1215\u12dd\u1261 \u12e8\u121a\u12c8\u12f0\u12cd “\u12e8\u1270\u123b\u1208” \u12a0\u121b\u122b\u132d \u12e8\u1208\u12cd\u121d\u1362 <\/p>\n
\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u121b\u1208\u1275 (\u1262\u12eb\u1295\u1235 \u1208\u12da\u1205 \u133d\u1211\u134d) \u1260\u12f0\u1228\u1230\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u121b\u1285\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1263\u12ca \u12d5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 (social evolution) \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u1265\u127b \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1265\u1363 \u1235\u121c\u1273\u12ca\u1363 \u121b\u1285\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u12a5\u1295\u1235\u1233 \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12f0\u121d\u1260\u132b \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u12a6\u122e\u121e \u1235\u121d \u12ed\u12de \u12e8\u1218\u1323 \u1230\u12cd \u12a0\u12ed\u1218\u122d\u1325\u121d\u1363 \u1230\u120b\u120c \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12cb\u12ed \u1235\u121d \u12ed\u12de \u12e8\u1218\u1323 \u1230\u12cd \u12a0\u12ed\u1218\u122d\u1325\u121d\u1363 \u12a0\u12f2\u130d\u122b\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u12da\u12eb\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u12c8\u1308\u1295 \u134d\u1208\u130b \u12a5\u1233\u1264 \u12e8\u1230\u1208\u1320\u1291\u1275 \u12d3\u1208\u121b\u1275\u121d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1228\u1348 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1362 \u12a0\u121c\u122a\u12ab \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u1233\u12a1\u12f2 \u12a0\u1228\u1262\u12eb \u1235\u121d \u12e8\u12eb\u12d8 \u1355\u122c\u12da\u12f0\u1295\u1275 \u1262\u12eb\u1295\u1235 \u1260\u1245\u122d\u1261 \u12a0\u12ed\u1218\u1228\u1325\u121d\u1362 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205 \u1215\u12c8\u1213\u1275 \u1208\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12ed\u1205\u1295 \u12e8\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u134d\u120b\u130e\u1275 \u12eb\u121f\u120b\u120d\u1362 \u12eb\u12cd\u121d \u1290\u134d\u1325 \u12a0\u1295\u1235\u1276 \u1215\u12dd\u1264\u1295 \u1290\u133b \u12a0\u12c8\u1323\u1208\u1201 \u1265\u120e \u1208\u1218\u1273\u1308\u120d \u12a5\u1235\u12a8\u121a\u12f0\u122d\u1235 \u1300\u1265\u12f0\u129b \u1273\u122a\u12ad (legend) \u1260\u121b\u121f\u120b\u1275\u1362 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205 \u1208\u12a0\u1228\u1293 \u12a5\u1293 \u120c\u120e\u127d\u121d \u12a0\u121b\u122b\u132d \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u12ed\u12d8\u12cd \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed\u1295 \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u120d\u1265 \u1208\u1218\u130d\u12db\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u1308\u1209 \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12a8\u129e\u127d \u12d0\u1265\u12ed \u1348\u1270\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12cb\u12ee\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u1215\u12c8\u1213\u1275 \u12e8\u120d\u1265 \u1208\u120d\u1265 \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u123b\u12ad\u122d \u121b\u1235\u1228\u1303 \u12a0\u1233\u12ed\u1276\u1363
\u12a8\u12da\u12eb \u12e8\u1270\u123b\u1208 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u12eb\u1240\u122d\u1261 \u121b\u1233\u1218\u1295 \u1218\u127b\u120d \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u1208\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u12a8\u1263\u12f5 \u12ed\u1218\u1235\u120b\u120d\u1362 <\/p>\n
\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1325\u1245\u1219\u1295 \u12c8\u12f3\u12f5 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12a8\u129e\u127d\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u121f\u1308\u1271\u1275 \u12e8\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1325\u1245\u121d \u1260\u121f\u121f\u120b\u1275 \u1235\u121d \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1325\u1245\u121d \u1260\u121b\u121f\u120b\u1275\u121d \u1228\u1308\u12f5 \u1262\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u1215\u12c8\u1213\u1275 \u1270\u134e\u12ab\u12ab\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u1240\u120b\u120d \u1348\u1270\u1293 \u12a0\u12ed\u1296\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u121d\u1362 \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1245\u1261\u120d\u1290\u1275 (legitimacy) \u12e8\u1230\u1320\u12cd \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1308\u12cd\u1295 \u1201\u1209 \u1208\u1325\u1245\u121c \u1290\u12cd \u1265\u120e \u12eb\u121d\u1293\u120d\u1362 \u1215\u12c8\u1213\u1275 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1260\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u1265\u12d9\u1283\u1291 \u1245\u1261\u120d\u1290\u1275 \u12ed\u130e\u120d\u1260\u1273\u120d \u1265\u120e \u1208\u1218\u12a8\u122b\u12a8\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u127d\u120d \u1260\u1242 \u1218\u1228\u1303 \u12e8\u1208\u1295\u121d\u1362 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205 \u1270\u1243\u12cb\u121a\u12ce\u127d \u1208\u1215\u12dd\u1261 \u1325\u1245\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u1260\u1305 \u12e8\u1270\u123b\u1208 \u12a0\u121b\u122b\u132d \u12ed\u12d8\u12cd \u12a8\u1218\u12c8\u1275\u12c8\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u1260\u1215\u12dd\u1261 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1245\u1261\u120d\u1290\u1275 \u1208\u121b\u130d\u1298\u1275 \u1218\u12f5\u12a8\u121d \u12a0\u1208\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1362 \u1245\u1261\u120d\u1290\u1275 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1215\u12dd\u1261 \u1240\u12f5\u121e \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1260\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1261\u12f5\u1295 \u1235\u121d \u12a0\u1348\u122d \u12f5\u121c \u1260\u121b\u1235\u1260\u120b\u1275 \u1265\u127b \u12a0\u12ed\u1308\u129d\u121d\u1364 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u12cd\u121d \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u129b\u12cd \u12c8\u12f0\u128b\u120b \u120a\u1263\u122d\u1245 (backfire) \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1362 \u1270\u134e\u12ab\u12ab\u122a \u1353\u122d\u1272\u12ce\u1279 \u1215\u12dd\u1263\u12ca \u12c8\u12ab\u12ed\u1290\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u1215\u12c8\u1213\u1275 \u12a8\u1215\u12dd\u1261 \u1309\u12eb \u12c8\u1325\u1276 \u122d\u1246 \u1218\u1204\u12f1\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1218\u1230\u12ad\u1229\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u1265\u12d9 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f6\u127d\u1295 \u1218\u134d\u1320\u122d \u12a0\u1208\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1362 <\/p>\n
\u120c\u120b\u12cd\u1293 \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u1293\u1240\u12cd \u1215\u12c8\u1213\u1275\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u123b\u1208 \u12a0\u121b\u122b\u132d\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u130e\u120b\u12cd \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1309\u120d\u1264\u1290\u1271 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12e8\u1215\u12c8\u1213\u1275 \u1260\u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u12cd\u1235\u1325\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u1260\u134c\u12f4\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a8\u12d5\u12a9\u120d\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u1260\u1208\u1320 \u1283\u12ed\u120d \u120c\u120b\u12cd\u1295 \u1215\u12dd\u1265\u1363 \u12a0\u122b\u121b\u1306\u127d\u1295 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12e8\u1215\u130d \u12e8\u1260\u120b\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1233\u1235\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u12eb\u1233\u1235\u1265 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u1265\u12d9\u1283\u1291 \u1275\u130d\u122b\u12cb\u12ee\u127d\u1295 \u12a0\u12eb\u1233\u1235\u1265\u121d\u1362 \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12ed\u12c8\u12ad\u1208\u129b\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1261\u12f5\u1295 \u12e8\u1260\u120b\u12ed \u1283\u12ed\u120d \u1232\u1296\u1228\u12cd \u12a0\u12ed\u1320\u120b\u121d\u1362 \u12e8\u12a0\u1228\u1293 \u1348\u1270\u1293\u121d \u12ed\u12b8\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12a0\u1228\u1293 \u12a8\u1215\u12c8\u1213\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u123b\u1208 \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u12ca \u12a0\u121b\u122b\u132d \u12ed\u12de \u1218\u1325\u1277\u120d \u1262\u120e \u1262\u12eb\u1235\u1265 \u12a5\u1295\u12b3 \u1215\u12dd\u1261 \u1260\u120c\u120e\u127d \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1228\u12cd\u1295 [\u12e8\u1326\u122d] \u1283\u12ed\u120d \u12e8\u1260\u120b\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12eb\u1235\u1290\u1325\u1240\u129b\u120d \u1265\u120e \u12ab\u1230\u1260 \u1208\u1218\u121d\u1228\u1325 \u12ed\u1278\u1308\u122b\u120d\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12e8 \u1263\u1215\u122d\u12ed \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1363 \u12e8\u1201\u1209\u121d \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u1263\u1215\u122d\u12ed \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12a0\u1240\u134d \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u1260\u12a0\u1308\u122b\u1275 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12eb\u1209 \u123d\u12a9\u127b\u12ce\u127d\u121d \u1263\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u1260\u12da\u1201 \u12e8\u1260\u120b\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12e8\u12d5\u12a9\u120d\u1290\u1275 \u1325\u12eb\u1244\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u1290\u1231 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1362 <\/p>\n
\u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u12d8\u1228\u12d8\u1229\u1275 \u1260\u1219\u1209 \u12e8\u1215\u12dd\u1265\u1295 \u12e8\u130b\u122b \u12e8\u12a0\u1235\u1270\u1233\u1230\u1265 \u134d\u1230\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12e8\u1215\u12c8\u1213\u1275\u1295 \u12a5\u12cd\u1290\u1270\u129b \u12c8\u12ab\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12eb\u1228\u130b\u130d\u1323\u1209 \u1265\u120e \u1218\u12f0\u121d\u12f0\u121d\u121d \u12a0\u12ed\u127b\u120d\u121d\u1362 \u1215\u12c8\u1213\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12f0\u1290\u1240\u12cd \u12e8\u1215\u12dd\u1261\u1295 \u1225\u1290 \u120d\u1266\u1293 \u1260\u1218\u1228\u12f3\u1275 \u1218\u1320\u1240\u121a\u12eb \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u1309 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1218\u1210\u120d \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u1208\u121b\u1228\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u1278\u130d\u1229 \u1235\u1205\u1270\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u1230\u122d\u1277\u120d\u1362 \u12a8\u1235\u1205\u1270\u1276\u1279 \u1201\u1209 \u12e8\u12a8\u134b\u12cd \u1260\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120a\u1271 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12eb\u1209\u1275 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed\u1295 \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1260\u1215\u12c8\u1213\u1275 \u12d5\u12f3 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1320\u1218\u12f5 (\u1260\u1325\u122d\u1323\u122c \u12d3\u12ed\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1273\u12ed) \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u1309 \u1290\u12cd\u1363 \u1260\u121d\u120b\u1239\u121d \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u1215\u12dd\u121d \u120c\u120b\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u121b\u12eb\u121d\u1295 \u12e8\u1215\u12c8\u1213\u1275 \u1325\u1308\u129b \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u130e\u1273\u120d\u1362 \u12a5\u1290\u12a0\u1228\u1293\u121d \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u12ad\u134d\u1270\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u1219\u120b\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1201\u1209\u121d \u12c8\u1308\u1295 \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u1208\u12d8\u1218\u1293\u1275 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1275\u1235\u1235\u122d \u1263\u1208\u1260\u1275\u1293 \u1260\u1270\u123b\u1208 \u12e8\u12d5\u12a9\u120d\u1290\u1275\u1293 \u12c8\u12f3\u1305\u1290\u1275 \u1235\u121c\u1275 \u1208\u121b\u1235\u1240\u1320\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u127d\u120d \u1355\u122e\u130d\u122b\u121d \u1218\u1245\u1228\u1345 \u12ed\u1320\u1260\u1245\u1263\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8\u12da\u12eb\u12cd \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u130d\u1295 \u1215\u12c8\u1213\u1275 \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12e8\u1245\u122d\u1265 \u12c8\u12f3\u1305 \u1218\u1235\u120e \u1218\u1296\u1229\u1295 \u12ed\u1240\u1325\u120d\u1260\u1273\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ከዚህ በፊት ‘የትግራይ ሕዝብና ሕወሓት ምንና ምን ናቸው?’ ብዬ በጠየቅኩበት ጽሑፌ፤ እጅና ጓንት ናቸው ብዬ ነበር። ስለብዙኃኑ ትግራዋዮች እያወራን ከሆነ አሁንም ያው ነው መልሴ። በዚያ ጽሑፍ እዚህ ድምዳሜ ላይ የደረስኩት ሕወሓት በሚያገኘው ሙሉ ድምፅ አይደለም፤ ያንን የሚያክል ድምፅ አዲስ አበባ ውስጥም የትም ፈጭቶ የትም አግኝቶታል። ሕወሓትን የሚወዱት አማራጭ አጥተው ነው ብዬ ነበር የተከራከርኩት። ምክንያቱም ደግሞ ትግራዋይ ያልሆነው ሰው ሁሉ ትግራዋዩን በሕወሓት መነፅር ስለሚመለከተው ተገፍቶ ነው ባይ ነበርኩ በዚያ ጽሑፍ (በዚህ ጽሑፍ ደግሞ ‘ምን ዓይነት አማራጭ አጥቶ ነው?’ የሚለውን ነው የምጠይቀው) ።<\/p>\n
እርግጥ ይሄ ብቻ በቂ ምክንያት አይደለም። ሕወሓት ለሁለት ዐሥርት ዓመታት የዘራው የጥርጣሬ ፕሮፓጋንዳ ትግራዋዮች ሕወሓትን ባይወዱት እንኳ ለሌሎች የሚኖራቸው ጥርጣሬ ከሱ ጉያ እንዳይወጡ ያስገድዳቸዋል። (ፀረ-ቅኝግዛት ተንታኞች የጥገኝነት አባዜ የሚሉት ዓይነት።)<\/p>\n
ይህንን ድምዳሜ የእነአብርሃ ደስታን የግለሰብ እና አረና ፓርቲን የቡድን ቁርጠኛ ትግል አጣቅሶ ፉርሽ ለማድረግ የሚሞክር አይጠፋም ብዬ እገምታለሁ። ችግሩ፣ የአረና ተቀባይነት ከጥቂት የልሒቃን ትግራዋዮች አልፎ ብዙኃኑ ውስጥ ሰርጿል ወይ የሚለው ጥያቄ ሲመጣ ነው።<\/p>\n
ወደ ጽሑፌ ርዕስ ስመለስ ‘ወዳጅ’ የሚለውን ቃል የተጠቀምኩበት ሕዝቡ የሚወደው ለማለት እንጂ ድርጅቱ የሚወደው ለማለት አይደለም። የአንድ ወገን ፍቅር ነው። አዎ፣ ሕዝብ ሆነን ስናስበው ሕዝቡ የሚወደው “የተሻለ” አማራጭ የለውም። <\/p>\n
ሕዝብ ማለት (ቢያንስ ለዚህ ጽሑፍ) በደረሰበት የማኅበረሰባዊ ዕድገት (social evolution) ደረጃ ብቻ የሚያስብ፣ ስሜታዊ፣ ማኅበራዊ እንስሳ ማለት ነው። ሕዝብ ደምበጫ ውስጥ የኦሮሞ ስም ይዞ የመጣ ሰው አይመርጥም፣ ሰላሌ ውስጥ የትግራዋይ ስም ይዞ የመጣ ሰው አይመርጥም፣ አዲግራት ውስጥም እንደዚያው ነው። ይህ የወገን ፍለጋ እሳቤ የሰለጠኑት ዓለማትም ውስጥ የተቀረፈ ነገር አይደለም። አሜሪካ ውስጥ የሳኡዲ አረቢያ ስም የያዘ ፕሬዚደንት ቢያንስ በቅርቡ አይመረጥም። ስለዚህ ሕወሓት ለትግራይ ሕዝብ ይህን የሕዝብ ፍላጎት ያሟላል። ያውም ነፍጥ አንስቶ ሕዝቤን ነጻ አወጣለሁ ብሎ ለመታገል እስከሚደርስ ጀብደኛ ታሪክ (legend) በማሟላት። ስለዚህ ለአረና እና ሌሎችም አማራጭ ፖለቲካ ይዘው የትግራይን ሕዝብ ልብ ለመግዛት የሚታገሉ ፖለቲከኞች ዐብይ ፈተናቸው ይህንን የትግራዋዮች እና ሕወሓት የልብ ለልብ ግንኙነት የሚያሻክር ማስረጃ አሳይቶ፣
ከዚያ የተሻለ ነገር እንደሚያቀርቡ ማሳመን መቻል ነው። ይህንን ማድረግ ለጊዜው ከባድ ይመስላል። <\/p>\n
ሕዝብ ጥቅሙን ወዳድ ነው። ፖለቲከኞችም የሚሟገቱት የሕዝብ ጥቅም በሟሟላት ስም ነው። ስለዚህ የሕዝብ ጥቅም በማሟላትም ረገድ ቢሆን የሕወሓት ተፎካካሪዎች ቀላል ፈተና አይኖራቸውም። ሕዝብ ቅቡልነት (legitimacy) የሰጠው መንግሥት የሚያደርገውን ሁሉ ለጥቅሜ ነው ብሎ ያምናል። ሕወሓት ደግሞ በትግራይ ውስጥ የብዙኃኑ ቅቡልነት ይጎልበታል ብሎ ለመከራከር የሚያስችል በቂ መረጃ የለንም። ስለዚህ ተቃዋሚዎች ለሕዝቡ ጥቅም የሚበጅ የተሻለ አማራጭ ይዘው ከመወትወታቸው በፊት በሕዝቡ ውስጥ ቅቡልነት ለማግኘት መድከም አለባቸው። ቅቡልነት ደግሞ ሕዝቡ ቀድሞ የተቀበለውን ቡድን ስም አፈር ድሜ በማስበላት ብቻ አይገኝም፤ እንዲያውም ይህንኛው ወደኋላ ሊባርቅ (backfire) ይችላል። ተፎካካሪ ፓርቲዎቹ ሕዝባዊ ወካይነታቸውን እና ሕወሓት ከሕዝቡ ጉያ ወጥቶ ርቆ መሄዱን የሚያስመሰክሩባቸው ብዙ መንገዶችን መፍጠር አለባቸው። <\/p>\n
ሌላውና የማይናቀው ሕወሓትን የተሻለ አማራጭነት በትግራይ ውስጥ የሚያጎላው ደግሞ ጉልቤነቱ ነው። የሕወሓት በኢሕአዴግ ውስጥም ሆነ በፌዴራል መንግሥት ውስጥ ከዕኩልነት የበለጠ ኃይል ሌላውን ሕዝብ፣ አራማጆችን ወይም የሕግ የበላይነት የሚያሳስባቸውን ሰዎች ያሳስብ እንደሆነ እንጂ ብዙኃኑ ትግራዋዮችን አያሳስብም። ሕዝብ ይወክለኛል የሚለው ቡድን የበላይ ኃይል ሲኖረው አይጠላም። የአረና ፈተናም ይኸው ነው። የትግራይ ሕዝብ አረና ከሕወሓት የተሻለ ፖለቲካዊ አማራጭ ይዞ መጥቷል ቢሎ ቢያስብ እንኳ ሕዝቡ በሌሎች ሕዝቦች ላይ የሚኖረውን [የጦር] ኃይል የበላይነት ያስነጥቀኛል ብሎ ካሰበ ለመምረጥ ይቸገራል። ይህ የትግራይ ሕዝብ የተለየ ባሕርይ አይደለም፣ የሁሉም ሕዝቦች ባሕርይ ነው። በዓለም አቀፍ ደረጃ በአገራት መካከል ያሉ ሽኩቻዎችም ባብዛኛው በዚሁ የበላይነት ጥያቄ እንጂ የዕኩልነት ጥያቄዎች የተነሱ አይደለም። <\/p>\n
ከላይ የተዘረዘሩት በሙሉ የሕዝብን የጋራ የአስተሳሰብ ፍሰት እንጂ የሕወሓትን እውነተኛ ወካይነት ያረጋግጣሉ ብሎ መደምደምም አይቻልም። ሕወሓት የሚደነቀው የሕዝቡን ሥነ ልቦና በመረዳት መጠቀሚያ ማድረጉ ነው። በዚህ መሐል ግን በርካታ ለማረም የሚቸግሩ ስህተቶችን ሰርቷል። ከስህተቶቹ ሁሉ የከፋው በፌደራሊቱ ኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ ያሉት ሌሎች ሕዝቦች የትግራይን ሕዝብ በሕወሓት ዕዳ እንዲጠመድ (በጥርጣሬ ዓይን እንዲታይ) ማድረጉ ነው፣ በምላሹም የትግራይ ሕዝም ሌላውን የማያምን የሕወሓት ጥገኛ አድርጎታል። እነአረናም ይህንን ክፍተት በመሙላት እና የሁሉም ወገን ሕዝቦች ለዘመናት የነበራቸውን ትስስር ባለበትና በተሻለ የዕኩልነትና ወዳጅነት ስሜት ለማስቀጠል የሚያስችል ፕሮግራም መቅረፅ ይጠበቅባቸዋል። እስከዚያው ድረስ ግን ሕወሓት የትግራይ ሕዝብ የቅርብ ወዳጅ መስሎ መኖሩን ይቀጥልበታል።<\/p>\n