{"id":161056,"date":"2014-03-08T12:48:06","date_gmt":"2014-03-08T17:48:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mereja.com\/amharic\/?guid=10f3cb98b0655adad9996427e933f814"},"modified":"2014-03-08T12:48:06","modified_gmt":"2014-03-08T17:48:06","slug":"161056","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/161056","title":{"rendered":"የኤርትራ ጥያቄ እና የዘመናት ብዥታዎች (አጭር ዳሰሳ)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Image\"<\/p>\n

(\u12a0\u1348\u1295\u12f2 \u1219\u1270\u1242)<\/span>
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====\u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12a0\u1290\u1233\u1235===<\/p>\n

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\u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1270\u1320\u1240\u1230\u12cd \u1201\u1208\u1271 \u130e\u122b\u12ce\u127d \u1270\u1240\u122b\u122b\u1262 \u121a\u12db\u1295 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1260\u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1295 \u12a8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u130b\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f5\u1275\u1270\u1233\u1230\u122d \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u1260\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275\u121d \u12e8\u1201\u1208\u1271 \u130e\u122b \u12f0\u130b\u134a\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u122b\u1228\u1260 \u12e8\u1200\u12ed\u120d \u121a\u12db\u1295 (46\u120848) \u12eb\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u1218\u1206\u1291\u1295 \u12a8\u130d\u121d\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1260\u121b\u1235\u1308\u1263\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u120c\u120b \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u1260\u12a5\u1295\u130d\u120a\u12de\u127d \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u12e8\u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1271 \u130e\u122b\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u123d\u12a9\u127b\u1293 \u1218\u1320\u134b\u134b\u1275 \u12ed\u12ab\u1204\u12f5 \u1235\u1208\u1290\u1260\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u12e8\u1275\u129b\u12cd\u1295\u121d \u130e\u122b \u12f0\u130d\u134e \u1325\u12eb\u1244\u12cd\u1295 \u1262\u1348\u1273\u12cd \u12e8\u12a8\u1228\u1228 \u12e8\u122d\u1235 \u1260\u122d\u1235 \u1326\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u12ed\u12a8\u1230\u1273\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u134d\u122d\u1203\u1275 \u12a0\u12f5\u122e\u1260\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u201c\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1260\u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1291 \u12a8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u130b\u122d \u1265\u1275\u12cb\u1203\u12f5 \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1271\u121d \u130e\u122b \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u134d\u1305\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u1240\u1230\u1240\u1235 \u1208\u121b\u1308\u12dd \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u12a5\u121d\u1290\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

=====\u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122c\u123d\u1291 \u134e\u122d\u1219\u120b====<\/p>\n

\u12ed\u1205\u129b\u12cd\u121d \u1265\u12d9 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1233\u1233\u1271\u1260\u1275 \u1290\u1325\u1265 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1283\u12ed\u1208 \u1225\u120b\u1224 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275\u121d \u1206\u1291 \u12e8\u12f0\u122d\u130d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12f0\u130b\u134a\u12ce\u127d \u1208\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1240\u12f0\u12cd \u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1295 \u121d\u1295 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u130d\u1295\u12db\u1264\u12cd \u12eb\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u12a0\u12ed\u1218\u1235\u1208\u129d\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u201c\u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1291 \u1218\u1290\u12ab\u1275 \u12a0\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1228\u1260\u1275\u121d\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1210\u1233\u1265 \u1232\u1230\u1290\u12d8\u122d \u1208\u1270\u1243\u12cd\u121e \u12e8\u121a\u1290\u1231\u1275\u121d \u1260\u12da\u1201 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12ed\u1218\u1235\u1208\u129b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u120c\u120b \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u12e8\u1290\u133b\u1290\u1275 \u130e\u122b \u12f0\u130b\u134a\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u1270\u1263\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1240\u12f0\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1291\u1295 \u134e\u122d\u1219\u120b \u12a8\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1245\u122c\u1273 \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1260\u1209\u1275 \u1218\u1206\u1293\u1278\u12cd\u121d \u12ed\u1228\u1233\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u1208\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1240\u12f0\u12cd \u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1295 \u12db\u122c \u120b\u12ed \u1270\u1201\u1296 \u1232\u1273\u12ed \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u1260\u1323\u121d \u201c\u120a\u1260\u122b\u120d\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u120d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u130d\u12db\u1276\u127d\u121d \u1260\u12da\u12eb \u121e\u12f4\u120d \u1262\u1240\u1228\u1339 \u1296\u122e \u12db\u122c \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u12e8\u12cd \u121d\u1235\u1245\u120d\u1245\u120d \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u1270\u1208\u12cd\u1326 \u1200\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295 \u120c\u120b \u1218\u120d\u12ad \u1260\u12eb\u12d8\u127d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u12eb \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1290\u133b \u12eb\u120d\u12c8\u1321\u1275 \u1236\u121b\u120a\u120b\u1295\u12f5\u1293 \u1305\u1261\u1272\u121d \u12e8\u129b \u12a0\u12ab\u120b\u1275 \u120a\u1206\u1291 \u12ed\u127d\u1209 \u1290\u1260\u122d \u1208\u121b\u1208\u1275\u121d \u12eb\u1235\u12f0\u134d\u122b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u1295\u1309\u1221\u1293 \u1263\u1208\u121f\u120e\u127b\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u130d\u12f4\u1208\u123d\u1290\u1275 \u1230\u1228\u12d9\u1275\u1361\u1361
——
\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1260\u12c8\u1245\u1271 \u12a8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u12cb\u1203\u12f0\u127d\u1260\u1275 \u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1295 \u1260\u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u1208\u129b\u12cd \u12a0\u1308\u120b\u1208\u133d \u1232\u1273\u12ed \u201c\u1219\u1209 \u122b\u1235 \u1308\u12dd \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u120d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12e8\u122b\u1237 \u1353\u122d\u120b\u121b\u1363 \u1205\u130d \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u133b\u121a\u1293 \u1205\u130d \u1270\u122d\u1313\u121a \u12a0\u12ab\u120b\u1275 \u12a0\u120f\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1271\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u122b\u12cd \u201c\u12cb\u1293 \u1235\u122b \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u133b\u121a\u201d (Chief Executive officer) \u1260\u1348\u1228\u1243 \u12a8\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295 \u12f0\u1308\u129e\u1279\u1293 \u12a8\u1219\u1235\u120a\u121d \u1246\u1208\u129e\u1279 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1218\u1228\u1325 \u1270\u12c8\u1235\u1297\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12cb\u1293 \u1235\u122b \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u133b\u121a\u12cd \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295 \u12a8\u1206\u1290 \u12e8\u1353\u122d\u120b\u121b\u12cd \u1355\u122c\u12da\u12f3\u1295\u1275 \u12a8\u1219\u1235\u120a\u121d \u1246\u1208\u129e\u127d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1235\u122b \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u133b\u121a\u12cd \u12a8\u1246\u1208\u129e\u1279 \u1232\u1218\u1228\u1325 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12e8\u1353\u122d\u120b\u121b\u12cd \u1355\u122c\u12da\u12f3\u1295\u1275 \u12a8\u12f0\u1308\u129e\u127d \u12ed\u1206\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u12cd \u122b\u1235 \u1308\u12dd \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u12a8\u12cd\u132d \u1309\u12f3\u12ee\u127d\u1363 \u12a8\u1308\u1295\u12d8\u1265 \u1290\u12ad \u1309\u12f3\u12ee\u127d\u1363 \u12a8\u1295\u130d\u12f5\u1293 \u12a8\u1218\u1308\u1293\u129b \u1260\u1235\u1270\u1240\u122d \u1260\u1201\u1209\u121d \u1290\u1308\u122e\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u1218\u12c8\u1230\u1295 \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u122b\u1275 \u12d8\u122d\u134e\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u1229\u1275 \u12e8\u134c\u12f4\u122b\u1209 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1206\u1296 \u1260\u121a\u1230\u122b\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u133c \u1283\u12ed\u1208 \u1225\u120b\u1224 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u121d\u133d\u12cb\u1293 \u12e8\u12a0\u1230\u1265 \u12c8\u12f0\u1266\u127d\u121d \u1260\u134c\u12f4\u122b\u1209 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1235\u122d \u1290\u1260\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u1229\u1275\u1361\u1361
—-
\u1273\u12f2\u12eb \u12ed\u1205 \u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1295 \u121d\u1295 \u1260\u12f0\u1208?. \u121d\u1295 \u12a0\u1320\u134b?\u2026 \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u134d\u1228\u1235 \u1218\u1278\u12ae\u120d \u12a0\u130d\u1263\u1265 \u1290\u12cd?\u2026. \u12db\u122c \u12a5\u12ae \u1208\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u121b\u12a8\u1208 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u130b\u1273\u120d \u1290\u12cd \u12a5\u12eb\u120d\u1295 \u12eb\u1208\u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a0\u133c \u1283\u12ed\u1208 \u1225\u120b\u1224 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u1295 \u12a0\u1208\u1265\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u1320\u134b\u12cd\u1293 \u1228\u12e5\u1219\u1295 \u1326\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u1240\u1230\u1240\u1230\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295\u121d \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u120c\u120b \u1218\u120d\u12ad \u12eb\u12d8\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

===\u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1291 \u12a5\u1295\u12f4\u1275 \u1348\u1228\u1230?====<\/p>\n

\u120c\u120b\u12cd \u1260\u1265\u12d9 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u1290\u12d8\u1228\u12cd \u12a0\u1263\u1263\u120d \u201c\u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1291 \u12e8\u1348\u1228\u1230\u12cd \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u1290\u1275 \u1283\u12ed\u120e\u127d \u1219\u1209 \u1348\u1243\u12f0\u129d\u1290\u1275\u1293 \u130d\u134a\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u201d \u12ed\u120b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205\u129b\u12cd\u121d \u12a0\u1263\u1263\u120d \u121d\u1295\u121d \u121b\u1235\u1228\u1303 \u12e8\u1208\u12cd\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u12cd\u121d \u1260\u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1291 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1291 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f3\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12ed\u12a8\u1270\u1209\u1275 \u12a8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12a0\u12f5\u120e\u12a0\u12ca\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1290\u1233 \u12a8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u1290\u1275 \u130e\u122b \u12f0\u130b\u134a\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u12e8\u121a\u1260\u12d9\u1275 \u12e8\u134c\u12f0\u122c\u123d\u1291 \u1270\u1243\u12cb\u121a \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u1290\u133b\u1290\u1271\u1295 \u130e\u122b \u1270\u1240\u120b\u1245\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a\u121d \u12e8\u1262\u1275\u12c8\u12f0\u12f5 \u12a0\u1235\u134b\u1213 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1260\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1230\u122b\u1270\u129e\u127d\u1293 \u12e8\u1219\u12eb \u121b\u1205\u1260\u122b\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u1260\u121a\u12eb\u12ab\u1204\u12f3\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u12a5\u1218\u1243 \u1270\u130d\u1263\u122b\u1275 \u1265\u12d9\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12a0\u1235\u1240\u12ed\u121f\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u1290\u1275 \u1200\u12ed\u120e\u127d \u1309\u120d\u1260\u1275 \u1296\u122f\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1271 \u120b\u12ed \u130d\u134a\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1348\u1325\u1229\u1260\u1275 \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u1260\u132d\u122b\u123d \u12a0\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1228\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u201c\u12a0\u12f0\u12ed \u12a4\u122a\u1275\u122a\u12eb\u201d\u1295 \u1218\u12d8\u1218\u122d \u12e8\u1300\u1218\u1228\u12cd \u1260\u1290\u12da\u12eb \u12a0\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u1348\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1291\u1295 \u1260\u130d\u120d\u133d \u12eb\u1348\u1228\u1231\u1275 \u12e8\u1262\u1275\u12c8\u12f0\u12f5 \u12a0\u1235\u134b\u1213 \u12f0\u130b\u134a\u127d\u1293 \u1304\u1294\u122b\u120d \u12a0\u1262\u12ed \u12a0\u1260\u1260\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u1233\u1230\u1209 \u12e8\u12a0\u133c \u1283\u12ed\u1208 \u1225\u120b\u1224 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1239\u121b\u121d\u1295\u1275 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1262\u1275\u12c8\u12f0\u12f5 \u12a0\u1235\u134b\u1213 \u12a8\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb\u1291 \u1260\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12e8\u1270\u123e\u1219\u1275 \u1208\u12da\u1201 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u129d\u1205 \u1230\u12cd \u1260\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1270\u12c8\u1208\u12f1 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12a0\u120d\u1296\u1229\u1263\u1275\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12d5\u12f5\u121c\u12a0\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12eb\u1233\u1208\u1349\u1275 \u12a5\u12da\u1201 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1260\u1275\u122d\u1309\u121d \u1235\u122b \u120b\u12ed \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1323\u120a\u12eb\u1295 \u12c8\u1228\u122b \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1200\u1308\u1228 \u1308\u12e5\u1290\u1275 \u1270\u1239\u1218\u12cd \u1260\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1308\u1290\u1270-\u120d\u12d1\u120d \u1264\u1270 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1240\u1218\u1321\u1275 \u12e8\u12f1\u12ad \u12a6\u134d \u12a0\u12a6\u1235\u1273 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1304\u1294\u122b\u120d \u1293\u12da \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u122d\u1313\u121a \u1290\u1260\u1229\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u128b\u120b\u121d \u1260\u1232\u126a\u120d \u1230\u122d\u126a\u1231 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1270\u1230\u1325\u1277\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u1323\u120a\u12eb\u1295 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f3\u122a\u1290\u1275 \u1270\u1239\u1218\u12cd \u1208\u1230\u1321\u1275 \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120e\u1275 \u1264\u1292\u1276 \u1219\u1236\u120e\u1292 \u134a\u1275 \u1240\u122d\u1260\u12cd \u12e8\u1348\u1228\u1230\u129b \u1292\u123b\u1295 \u1270\u1238\u120d\u1218\u12cb\u120d (\u12a0\u121d\u1263\u1233\u12f0\u122d \u12d8\u12cd\u12f4 \u1228\u1273\u1363 \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1309\u12f3\u12ed\u1363 \u1308\u133d 461-462 \u1270\u1218\u120d\u12a8\u1271)\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u1262\u1275\u12c8\u12f0\u12f5 \u12a0\u1235\u134b\u1213 \u1208\u1236\u1235\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1260\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1295 \u12e8\u1295\u1309\u1220 \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1271 \u121d\u12ad\u1275\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u122b\u1234 \u1290\u1260\u1229\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u12eb \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1260\u12f0\u1303\u127d \u1270\u12f5\u120b \u1263\u12ed\u1229 \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u122b\u12cd \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1275 \u12a5\u130d\u1229 \u1246\u121e \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u1230\u122b \u1260\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u1270\u130d\u1263\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u1218\u12f1\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1228\u1308\u12f5 \u12a8\u12cb\u1293\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u122b\u1234 \u122b\u1235 \u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u122d\u130b\u1278\u12cd \u1218\u1233\u12ed (\u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u120d\u12d5\u120d\u1275 \u1270\u1293\u1298\u12c8\u122d\u1245 \u1263\u1208\u1264\u1275) \u130b\u122d\u121d \u12d8\u12c8\u1275\u122d \u12ed\u12c8\u12db\u1308\u1261 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u122d\u1218\u12cd \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u133c \u1283\u12ed\u1208 \u1225\u120b\u1224 \u12a0\u121b\u127b\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u1262\u1275\u12c8\u12f0\u12f5 \u12a0\u1235\u134b\u1213 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1240\u122d\u1261\u1275\u1295 \u12ad\u1235 \u1260\u1235\u122b \u12a8\u1218\u1260\u1208\u1325 \u12e8\u1218\u1323 \u12e8\u12dd\u1245\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u1235\u121c\u1275 (inferiority complex) \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u1308\u12cd \u1218\u1241\u1320\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u1262\u1275\u12c8\u12f0\u12f5 \u12a0\u1235\u134b\u1213 \u12a81955 \u1300\u121d\u122e \u134c\u12f0\u122c\u123d\u1291 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8\u1348\u1228\u1230\u1260\u1275 \u12f5\u1228\u1235 (1962) \u127a\u134d \u12a4\u12ad\u1235\u12a9\u1272\u126d \u12a6\u134a\u1230\u122d \u12c8\u12ed\u1295\u121d \u12e8\u122b\u1235 \u1308\u12d9 \u12cb\u1293 \u1235\u122b \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u133b\u121a \u1206\u1290\u12cd \u1230\u122d\u1270\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u120d\u1265 \u1260\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u1295 \u12cb\u1293 \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u133b\u121a \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u122d\u1320\u12cd \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1353\u122d\u120b\u121b \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1270\u1218\u122b\u1329 \u12e8\u1353\u122d\u120b\u121b\u12cd \u12a0\u1263\u120d \u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12a0\u1208\u1260\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1201\u1295\u1293 \u12e8\u12a0\u133c \u1283\u12ed\u1208 \u1225\u120b\u1224 \u201c\u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1235\u122b \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u133b\u121a \u12e8\u130d\u12f4\u1273 \u12e8\u1353\u122d\u120b\u121b\u12cd \u12a0\u1263\u120d \u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u1208\u1260\u1275\u121d\u201d \u1260\u121a\u120d \u12e8\u1309\u120d\u1260\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u1235\u121c\u1275 \u1262\u1275\u12c8\u12f0\u12f5 \u12a0\u1235\u134b\u1213 \u1208\u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1291 \u1235\u122b \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u133b\u121a\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1218\u1228\u1321 \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u1308\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u1262\u1275\u12c8\u12f0\u12f5 \u12a0\u1235\u134b\u1213 \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12cb\u1293 \u1235\u122b \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u133b\u121a \u1206\u1290\u12cd \u1232\u123e\u1219 \u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1309\u1275 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1208\u121a\u12c8\u1235\u12f7\u1278\u12cd \u12a5\u122d\u121d\u1303\u12ce\u127d \u1205\u130b\u12ca \u123d\u134b\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u1230\u1320\u1275 \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1353\u122d\u120b\u121b \u12e8\u1283\u12ed\u1208 \u1225\u120b\u1224 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1348\u120d\u1308\u12cd \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u130e \u121b\u12cb\u1240\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u1240\u12f0\u121d \u1232\u120d \u1260\u1270\u1263\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u1273\u12db\u1262\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12ab\u1204\u12f0\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u121d\u122d\u132b \u12d8\u12ed\u1264 \u1208\u12c8\u1325 \u1260\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab \u12e8\u121a\u12ab\u1204\u12f0\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u121d\u122d\u132b \u1272\u12eb\u1275\u122d \u12a0\u1218\u1321\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c \u12a8\u121d\u12d5\u122b\u1265 \u1246\u120b \u1260\u121a\u1218\u1228\u1321 \u1219\u1235\u120a\u121e\u127d \u12c8\u1295\u1260\u122e\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u1208\u122d\u1233\u1278\u12cd \u1273\u121b\u129d \u12e8\u1206\u1291\u1275\u1295 \u12e8\u12f0\u130b \u1219\u1235\u120a\u121e\u127d\u1295 \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u122d\u1320\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u1290\u1260\u122d \u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1291\u1295 \u12e8\u121b\u1348\u122b\u1228\u1231 \u1235\u122b \u12e8\u1270\u1300\u1218\u1228\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1353\u122d\u1272\u12ce\u127d \u1273\u1308\u12f1\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u133b \u1355\u122c\u1235\u121d \u1273\u1308\u12f0\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1230\u122b\u1270\u129b \u121b\u1205\u1260\u122b\u1275\u121d \u1273\u1308\u12f1\u1361\u1361 \u201c\u12d0\u1228\u1265\u129b \u12e8\u1263\u12d5\u12f5 \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1290\u12cd\u201d \u1260\u121a\u120d \u12a8\u1205\u1308-\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1271 \u1270\u134d\u1246 \u12c8\u1323\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12da\u12eb\u121d \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1263\u1295\u12f2\u122b \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u12cd\u1208\u1260\u1208\u1265 \u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u121b\u1235\u12a8\u1270\u120d\u121d \u1275\u130d\u122d\u129b \u12a8\u1235\u122b \u124b\u1295\u124b\u1290\u1275 \u1270\u1230\u1228\u12d8\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u121d\u1275\u12a9 \u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u12e8\u1235\u122b \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1206\u1290\u1361\u1361 \u201c\u12cb\u1293 \u1235\u122b \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u133b\u121a\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1291 \u1308\u12e5 \u1218\u1320\u122a\u12eb\u121d \u201c\u12cb\u1293 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f3\u122a\u201d \u1260\u121a\u120d \u1270\u1270\u12ab\u1361\u1361 \u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b \u120b\u12ed \u201c\u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1353\u122d\u120b\u121b \u12c8\u1235\u1297\u120d\u201d \u1260\u121a\u120d \u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1291 \u1348\u1228\u1230\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1291 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1308\u12d8\u1308\u12d8 \u1290\u1260\u122d \u1240\u1235\u1260\u1240\u1235 \u12e8\u1348\u1228\u1230\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1348\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1291 \u12a0\u134d\u122b\u123e\u127d\u121d \u12f5\u122e \u1208\u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u1273\u1308\u1209 \u12e8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u1290\u1275 \u1200\u12ed\u120e\u127d \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1291 \u1262\u1275\u12c8\u12f0\u12f5 \u12a0\u1235\u134b\u1213 \u1260\u121a\u1348\u120d\u1309\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u1228\u1321 \u12a0\u12f5\u122d \u1263\u12ee\u127d \u1290\u1260\u1229\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u12e8\u1262\u1275\u12c8\u12f0\u12f5 \u12a0\u1235\u134b\u1213\u1295 \u1273\u122a\u12ad\u1293 \u12e8\u121b\u121d\u1273\u1275 \u12d8\u12f4 \u1265\u12d9\u12ce\u127d \u133d\u1348\u12cd\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u1273\u122a\u12a9\u1295 \u1260\u1230\u134a\u12cd \u12e8\u133b\u1349\u1275 \u130d\u1295 \u12a0\u121d\u1263\u1233\u12f0\u122d \u12d8\u12cd\u12f4 \u1228\u1273 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u121d\u1263\u1233\u12f0\u122d \u12d8\u12cd\u12f4 \u1218\u133d\u1210\u1349\u1295 \u1232\u133d\u1349 \u1262\u1275\u12c8\u12f0\u12f5 \u12a0\u1235\u134b\u1213\u1295 \u12e8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u1290\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u1290\u1343\u1290\u1275 \u1320\u1260\u1243 \u1260\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1295\u1246\u1208\u1333\u1335\u1231\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1262\u1275\u12c8\u12f0\u12f5 \u12a0\u1235\u134b\u1213 \u12e8\u12c8\u1230\u12f1\u1275\u1295 \u12a5\u122d\u121d\u1303 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1228\u12a9\u120d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12b3 \u1205\u1308-\u12c8\u1325\u1290\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12eb\u12f0\u1295\u1241\u120b\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1273\u12f2\u12eb \u1260\u1323\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1233\u12dd\u1290\u12cd \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1260\u12da\u1201 \u1218\u133d\u1210\u134d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1338\u1210\u134c \u1275\u12d5\u12db\u12dd \u12a0\u12ad\u120a\u1209 \u1200\u1265\u1270\u12c8\u120d\u12f5 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u1295 \u1260\u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u1235\u1218\u1208\u1235 \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1309\u1275 \u12a5\u120d\u1205 \u12a0\u1235\u1328\u122b\u123d \u1275\u130d\u120d\u1293 \u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1291 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u1348\u122d\u1235 \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1309\u1275 \u1325\u1228\u1275 \u1230\u134b \u1265\u120e \u12e8\u1240\u1228\u1260 \u1218\u1206\u1291 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1338\u1210\u134c \u1275\u12d5\u12db\u12dd \u12a0\u12ad\u120a\u1209 \u1208\u12a0\u133c \u1283\u12ed\u1208 \u1225\u120b\u1224 \u201c\u1260\u1205\u130d \u1348\u122d\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1260\u120d\u1290\u12cd\u1295 \u12a0\u12f0\u122b \u121b\u12ad\u1260\u122d \u12a0\u1208\u1265\u1295\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1270\u12f0\u130b\u130b\u121a \u121d\u12ad\u122d \u1262\u1230\u1327\u1278\u12cd\u121d \u1295\u1309\u1221 \u1260\u132d\u122b\u123d \u120a\u1230\u121f\u1278\u12cd \u12a0\u120d\u1348\u1240\u12f1\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1293 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u1200\u1308\u122d \u12e8\u1218\u1206\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u12a5\u122d\u123e \u1270\u1320\u1290\u1230\u1230\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

===\u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1290\u133b\u1290\u1275 \u1275\u130d\u120d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u12ca\u1290\u1275 \u1235\u1290-\u120d\u1266\u1293===<\/p>\n

\u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1290\u133b\u1290\u1275 \u1275\u130d\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12ae\u1230\u12cd \u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1291 \u1260\u1270\u1263\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1275 \u1273\u12db\u1262\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u12c8\u1323\u1208\u1275 \u1205\u1308-\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u1235\u122b\u12ce\u1279\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u130d\u1263\u1261 \u121b\u12a8\u1293\u12c8\u1295 \u1235\u120b\u1243\u1270\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1270\u1308\u1208\u1338\u12cd \u12601950\u12ce\u1279 \u12a0\u130b\u121b\u123d \u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u12a8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u1240\u1295\u1243\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12c8\u1325\u1276 \u12c8\u12f0 \u1290\u133b\u1290\u1275 \u1348\u120b\u130a\u12cd \u130e\u122b \u1218\u1240\u120b\u1240\u120d \u1300\u121d\u122f\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1275\u130d\u1209\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u12f0\u122b\u1300 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u12e8\u1218\u1320\u1295\u1230\u1231\u1295 \u1203\u1233\u1265 \u12e8\u12c8\u1320\u1290\u12cd \u130d\u1295 \u1230\u1263\u1275 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1271\u1275 \u201c\u121b\u1205\u1260\u122d \u1238\u12cd\u12a0\u1270\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u12a5\u12f5\u122d \u1218\u1233\u12ed \u121b\u1205\u1260\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u121b\u1205\u1260\u122d \u12a8\u1325\u1242\u1275 \u130a\u12dc \u1260\u128b\u120b \u201c\u121d\u1295\u1255\u1235\u1253\u1235 \u1213\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u201d (\u201c\u1210\u1228\u12ab\u1275 \u1273\u1215\u122a\u1228\u120d \u12a4\u122a\u1275\u122a\u12eb\u201d\/Eritrean Liberation Movement) \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u120d \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1275 \u12c8\u1208\u12f0 (\u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1271 \u1260\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u121d\u12d5\u122b\u134e\u127d \u201c\u1210\u1228\u12ab\u201d \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1208 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u122b\u12cd)\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u201c\u1210\u1228\u12ab\u201d \u12c8\u12f0 \u1275\u130d\u1209 \u12e8\u1308\u1263\u12cd \u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1291 \u12a8\u1218\u134d\u1228\u1231 \u12a8\u1236\u1235\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u1240\u12f5\u121e \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1275\u130d\u1209 \u12cb\u1290\u129b \u12d3\u120b\u121b\u121d \u201c\u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1295 \u1260\u1205\u1308-\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1271 \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u1235\u122b\u12cd\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u12a8\u1293\u12cd\u1295 \u1218\u1320\u12e8\u1245\u201d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1201\u1295\u1293 \u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u12ca \u12a4\u120a\u1275 \u1208\u12a0\u1235\u122d \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1263\u12e8\u12cd \u12e8\u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1291 \u12a0\u1230\u122b\u122d \u1270\u1235\u134b \u12e8\u1246\u1228\u1320 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291 \u201c\u12e8\u134c\u12f4\u122c\u123d\u1295 \u12a0\u1230\u122b\u122d\u1295 \u1260\u132d\u122b\u123d \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1260\u120d\u121d\u201d \u1263\u12ed \u1206\u1290\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed\u121d \u12e8\u1240\u12f5\u121e \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1353\u122d\u120b\u121b \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u120b\u12ed \u130d\u1275\u122d \u12a0\u124b\u121d \u12eb\u12d9\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u12a8\u1290\u133b\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u1208\u1235 \u120c\u120b \u12a0\u121b\u122b\u132d \u1208\u1218\u1240\u1260\u120d \u12dd\u130d\u1301 \u12eb\u120d\u1206\u1290\u12cd \u201c\u1270\u130b\u12f5\u120e \u1213\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u201d \u12c8\u12ed\u1295\u121d \u201c\u1300\u1265\u1203\u1275 \u1273\u1215\u122a\u1228\u120d \u12a4\u122a\u1272\u122a\u12eb\u201d (\u1300\u1265\u1203) \u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0 \u1218\u1235\u12a8\u1228\u121d \u12c8\u122d 1961 \u1260\u12ab\u12ed\u122e \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1265\u12d9 \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u1260\u1270\u1230\u1260\u1230\u1260\u1275 \u1270\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1270\u1361\u1361 \u1300\u1265\u1203 \u1275\u130d\u1209\u1295 \u1208\u1203\u12eb \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12a8\u1240\u1320\u1208\u1260\u1275 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u1260\u12cd\u1235\u1323\u12ca\u1293 \u12cd\u132b\u12ca \u127d\u130d\u122e\u127d \u1270\u12f3\u12ad\u121e \u1232\u12c8\u12f5\u1245 \u12a8\u122d\u1231 \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1290\u1320\u1208\u12cd \u201c\u1205\u12dd\u1263\u12ca \u130d\u1295\u1263\u122d \u1213\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u201d \u12c8\u12ed\u1295\u121d \u201c\u1300\u1265\u1203\u1275 \u12a0\u123d-\u123b\u12d5\u1262\u12eb \u120a-\u1270\u1215\u122a\u1228\u120d \u12a4\u122a\u1272\u122a\u12eb\u201d (\u123b\u12d5\u1262\u12eb) \u12a5\u122d\u1231\u1295 \u1270\u12ad\u1276 \u1218\u12cb\u130b\u1271\u1295 \u1270\u12eb\u12eb\u12d8\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12601983 (1991) \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1290\u133b \u1200\u1308\u122d \u1206\u1290\u127d \u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12e8\u1290\u133b\u1290\u1275 \u1275\u130d\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u1313\u12d8\u1260\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u12a8\u1265\u12d9 \u1260\u1325\u1242\u1271 \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u12ed\u1218\u1235\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u1218\u1206\u1291 \u12a5\u12e8\u1273\u12c8\u1240 \u201c\u12e8\u1245\u129d \u1308\u12e5\u12ce\u127d \u1270\u1295\u12ae\u120d\u201d\u1363 \u201c\u12e8\u12d0\u1228\u1266\u127d \u1238\u122d\u201d \u12c8\u12d8\u1270.. \u12e8\u121a\u1209 \u1230\u1260\u1266\u127d\u1295 \u1218\u12f0\u122d\u12f0\u122d \u122b\u1235\u1295 \u1218\u12f0\u1208\u120d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u12ca\u1290\u1275 \u201c\u12e8\u1245\u129d \u1270\u1308\u12e5\u1290\u1275 \u1235\u121c\u1275 \u12e8\u1348\u1320\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u1243\u12c8\u1230 \u1235\u1290-\u120d\u1266\u1293 \u1290\u12cd\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u121d \u12ad\u1235 \u12a8\u12da\u1201 \u130b\u122d \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u12e8\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u12ca\u12eb\u1295\u1295 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8\u121d\u1293\u12cd\u1243\u1278\u12cd \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u1208\u1348\u1228\u1295\u1305 \u1308\u12e5 \u12eb\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u1235\u121c\u1275 \u12a8\u129b \u130b\u122d \u1270\u1218\u1233\u1233\u12ed \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1290\u1260\u122d \u12601929-1933 \u12e8\u12a2\u1323\u120a\u12eb \u12c8\u1228\u122b \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1300\u130d\u1296\u127d \u12f5\u1295\u1260\u122d \u12a0\u124b\u122d\u1320\u12cd \u12a8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12a0\u122d\u1260\u129e\u127d \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u120b\u1240\u1209\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1263\u1295\u12f2\u122b \u1260\u12a2\u1323\u120a\u12eb \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122e\u127d \u1218\u1228\u1308\u1321 \u12a0\u1295\u1308\u1265\u130d\u1266\u1275 \u12e8\u1320\u120b\u1276\u1279\u1295 \u12a0\u1295\u1308\u1275 \u1260\u1230\u12ed\u134d \u12e8\u1240\u120b\u12cd \u1300\u130d\u1293\u12cd \u12d8\u122d\u12d3\u12ed \u12f0\u1228\u1235 \u12a8\u1270\u12c8\u1208\u12f0\u1260\u1275 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12cd\u132a \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1228\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u1208\u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u121d \u1240\u1295 \u1228\u130d\u1326 \u12a0\u12eb\u12cd\u1245\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1300\u130d\u1296\u1279 \u12a0\u1265\u1228\u1203 \u12f0\u1266\u127d\u1293 \u121e\u1308\u1235 \u12a0\u1235\u1308\u12f6\u121d\u121d \u1260\u1245\u129d \u1308\u12e5\u12cb \u12ae\u120e\u1292\u12eb\u120d \u12a4\u122a\u1275\u122a\u12eb \u1290\u1260\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u1208\u12f1\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1205\u12dd\u1261 \u1235\u1290-\u120d\u1266\u1293 \u1260\u1245\u12e5 \u1270\u1308\u12e5\u1290\u1275 \u1235\u121c\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1243\u12c8\u1230 \u1262\u1206\u1295 \u1296\u122e \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u1260\u1228\u12a8\u1271 \u1300\u130d\u1296\u127d \u1260\u1200\u1308\u1229 \u120b\u12ed \u1263\u120d\u1260\u1240\u1209 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361
——
\u1208\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u1218\u1348\u1320\u122d \u12a5\u122d\u123e \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u1245\u129d \u1270\u1308\u12e5\u1290\u1275 \u1235\u121c\u1275 \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u129b \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u1232\u12eb\u12ab\u1204\u12f1\u1275 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12a2-\u134d\u1275\u1210\u12ca\u1290\u1275\u1293 \u1265\u1204\u122b\u12ca \u132d\u1246\u1293 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12eb\u1208\u1349\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u1264\u1273\u127d\u1295\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u1235\u1270\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u1208\u1201\u120b\u127d\u1295\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1218\u127d \u1262\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1309\u1275 \u1296\u122e \u1325\u12eb\u1244\u12cd \u1263\u120d\u1270\u1348\u1320\u1228 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12da\u1205 \u134b\u1293 \u12c8\u130a \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u120d\u1305 \u12a5\u12eb\u1231 \u1356\u120a\u1232 \u1218\u1325\u1240\u1235 \u12ed\u127b\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u12ed\u120d\u1245 \u12a8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u121b\u1295\u130d\u1263\u1263\u12cd \u201c\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1245\u129d \u1308\u12e5 \u1290\u1260\u1228\u127d\u201d \u1260\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u12a0\u1308\u120b\u1208\u133d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1240\u122d\u1276 \u1228\u1305\u121d \u1200\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u124b\u122d\u1320\u12cd \u121d\u133d\u12cb\u1295 \u1208\u12a0\u122b\u1275 \u1218\u1276 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12e8\u12eb\u12d9\u1275 \u12a6\u1276\u121b\u1295 \u1271\u122d\u12ae\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12b3 \u1245\u129d \u1308\u12e5 \u1270\u1265\u1208\u12cd \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u1320\u1229\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u1276\u127b\u127d\u1295 \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u1295 \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u1306\u122e \u12f3\u1263 \u120d\u1260\u1235 \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u1208\u1218\u1235\u121b\u1275 \u1263\u12ed\u1348\u1208\u1309\u1275\u121d \u12a0\u12cd\u122e\u1333\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12f0\u1228\u1309\u1275 \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u1200\u1308\u122d \u1260\u12c8\u1228\u122b \u12a0\u120d\u12eb\u12d9\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1218\u122c\u1271 \u12a8\u1323\u120a\u12eb\u1296\u127d \u1218\u121d\u1323\u1275 \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u1260\u122b\u1235 \u12a0\u1209\u120b \u1235\u122d \u201c\u1218\u1228\u1265 \u121d\u120b\u123d\u201d \u1270\u1265\u120e \u12ed\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1325\u1295\u1271 \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u201c\u1263\u1205\u1228 \u1290\u130b\u123d\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1235\u12eb\u121c \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u122b\u1275 \u12cb\u1290\u129b\u12cb \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12a0\u1235\u12b3\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1290\u1260\u1228\u127d \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121d\u1293\u12cd\u1240\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1325\u1295\u1271 \u201c\u12a0\u1262\u1232\u1292\u12eb\u201d (\u1210\u1260\u123b) \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u12a0\u1320\u122b\u122d \u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1320\u1228\u12cd \u1260\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u1293 \u1260\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u120b\u12ed \u1355\u122e\u134c\u1230\u122d \u1218\u1235\u134d\u1295 \u1260\u130d\u1295\u1266\u1275 \u12c8\u122d 1983 \u12e8\u1208\u1295\u12f0\u1295 \u12ae\u1295\u1348\u1228\u1295\u1235 \u1232\u12ab\u1204\u12f5 \u1208\u1355\u122c\u12da\u12f3\u1295\u1275 \u12a2\u1233\u12eb\u1235 \u12a0\u1348\u12c8\u122d\u1242 \u201c\u12a5\u129b \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u1295\u121d \u121b\u1208\u1273\u127d\u1201 \u1275\u120d\u1241 \u1235\u1205\u1270\u1273\u127d\u1201 \u1290\u12cd\u1364 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u12a5\u129b \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1209\u121d \u1265\u1275\u1209 \u1296\u122e \u1275\u1295\u123d \u12a5\u12cd\u1290\u1275 \u12ed\u1296\u122d\u1260\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u201d \u12eb\u1209\u1275\u1295 \u1218\u1325\u1240\u1235 \u1270\u1308\u1262 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1355\u122e\u134c\u1230\u122d \u1218\u1235\u134d\u1295 \u12a0\u1308\u120b\u1208\u133d \u1208\u12d8\u1218\u1293\u127d\u1295 \u1230\u12cd \u1263\u12ed\u1235\u121b\u121b\u121d \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1210\u1245 \u12a0\u1208\u1260\u1275\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

====\u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u1271 \u12e8\u1245\u122b\u1294 \u12a0\u1348\u1273\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12a8\u1296\u127d====<\/p>\n

\u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u1295 \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12eb\u12c8\u1233\u1230\u1260\u12cd \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u1271 \u1245\u122b\u1294\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u1230\u120b\u121b\u12ca \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u1208\u1218\u134d\u1273\u1275 \u12a0\u1208\u1218\u12a8\u1300\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1201\u1209\u121d \u1200\u1308\u1228 \u1308\u12e5 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f3\u122a \u1326\u122d\u129d\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u1270\u1235\u1348\u129d\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u1232\u12d8\u121d\u122d \u12a0\u120d\u1273\u12e8\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1235\u1272 \u1290\u1308\u122e\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u121d\u1233\u120c \u120b\u1235\u1228\u12f3\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u1300\u1265\u1203 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u130a\u12dc \u1265\u12d9 \u1270\u12a8\u1273\u12ee\u127d\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u134d\u122b\u1275 \u12e8\u127b\u1208\u12cd \u122b\u1235 \u12a0\u1235\u122b\u1270 \u12ab\u1223 \u1260\u121a\u12eb\u12ab\u1204\u12f1\u1275 \u12e8\u132d\u12ab\u1294 \u12d8\u1218\u127b \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1246\u120b \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u1260\u1265\u12db\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u130d\u1295\u1263\u1229 \u1260\u1218\u1309\u1228\u1349 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u122b\u1235 \u12a0\u1235\u122b\u1270 \u12a8\u121a\u12c8\u1235\u12f1\u1275 \u12a5\u122d\u121d\u1303 \u1233\u12ed\u1273\u1228\u1219 \u1270\u12a8\u1273\u1273\u12ed \u12d8\u1218\u127b\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1232\u12eb\u12ab\u1204\u12f1 \u12f0\u130d\u121d \u1205\u12dd\u1261 \u1260\u1265\u12db\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u1231\u12f3\u1295 \u1270\u1230\u12f0\u12f0\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1228\u12cd \u1300\u1265\u1203\u1295 \u1270\u1240\u120b\u1240\u1208\u1361\u1361 \u123b\u1208\u1243 \u12f3\u12ca\u1275 \u12c8\u120d\u12f0\u130a\u12ee\u122d\u1235 \u201c\u122c\u12f5 \u1272\u122d\u1235\u201d \u1260\u1270\u1230\u1298\u12cd \u1218\u133d\u1213\u134b\u1278\u12cd \u122b\u1235 \u12a0\u1235\u122b\u1270 \u12eb\u12d8\u1218\u1271\u1275 \u1326\u122d \u1260\u12c8\u1230\u12f0\u12cd \u12a5\u122d\u121d\u1303 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1300\u1295\u1260\u122d \u1265\u127b \u12a8\u12a0\u121d\u1235\u1275 \u123a\u1215 \u12e8\u121b\u12eb\u1295\u1235 \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u121b\u1208\u1241\u1295 \u12eb\u1235\u1228\u12f3\u1209\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u12e8\u12f0\u122d\u130d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1232\u1218\u1323\u121d \u127d\u130d\u1229 \u1270\u1263\u1263\u1230 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u1243\u1208\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed\u121d \u123b\u12d5\u1262\u12eb \u1270\u12a8\u1273\u1273\u12ed \u12f5\u120d \u1260\u121a\u1240\u12f3\u1305\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b\u12ce\u1279 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u123a\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u1273\u1295\u12ad\u1293 \u1260\u1218\u12f5\u134d \u12a0\u120d\u1240\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c\u121d \u1260\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12e8\u1218\u1308\u1293\u129b \u1265\u12d9\u1203\u1295 \u1230\u134a \u12e8\u1218\u1290\u130b\u1308\u122a\u12eb \u12a0\u1300\u1295\u12f3 \u1208\u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u1260\u1243\u12cd\u1295\u1293 \u12601980 \u1260\u1240\u12ed \u1263\u1205\u122d \u12f3\u122d\u127b \u1263\u1208\u127d\u12cd \u12e8\u1238\u12d2\u1265 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u12f0\u1228\u1230\u12cd\u1295 \u134d\u1305\u1275 \u1218\u1325\u1240\u1235 \u12ed\u127b\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u1295 \u127d\u130d\u122d \u1260\u1230\u120b\u121d \u1208\u1218\u134d\u1273\u1275 \u12e8\u12c8\u1230\u12f7\u1278\u12cd \u12a5\u122d\u121d\u1303\u12ce\u127d \u12a2\u121a\u1295\u1275 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u122b\u1235 \u12a0\u1235\u122b\u1270\u1293 \u12e8\u12a0\u121c\u122a\u12ab \u121a\u120a\u1273\u122a \u12a0\u12db\u12e6\u127d \u1260\u12a0\u133c \u1283\u12ed\u1208 \u1225\u120b\u1224 \u1320\u12eb\u1242\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u124b\u124b\u1218\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1230\u120b\u121d \u12ae\u121a\u1274 \u1260\u1218\u1325\u1208\u134d \u1300\u1265\u1203\u1293 \u123b\u12d5\u1262\u12eb \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1328\u122b\u1228\u1231 \u1208\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u121e\u12a8\u1229\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12f0\u122d\u130d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12ca \u12e8\u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u1200\u1308\u1229\u1295 \u127d\u130d\u122d \u1260\u1230\u120b\u121d \u1208\u1218\u134d\u1273\u1275 \u12eb\u130d\u12db\u1209 \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1270\u1235\u134b \u12eb\u1233\u12f0\u1228\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1304\u1294\u122b\u120d \u12a0\u121b\u1295 \u12a0\u1295\u12f6\u121d\u1295 \u12a0\u1235\u1308\u12f0\u1208\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130b\u1278\u12cd \u1233\u12eb\u1295\u1235 \u1260\u1304\u1294\u122b\u120d \u12a0\u121b\u1295 \u120b\u12ed \u1270\u12a8\u1273\u1273\u12ed \u12e8\u1245\u1325\u1348\u1275 \u12c8\u122c \u121b\u1235\u12c8\u122b\u1275! \u12eb\u1233\u12dd\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u12f0\u122d\u130e\u127d \u12a5\u1235\u12a8\u12db\u122c \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u201c\u1300\u1294\u122b\u120d \u12a0\u121b\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u12f0\u1209\u1275 \u12c8\u1295\u1260\u12f4\u12ce\u1279 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1308\u1290\u1325\u1209 \u1201\u1294\u1273\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u121b\u1218\u127b\u1278\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u1235\u1208\u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1230\u1260\u1275 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u12a9\u122d\u1348\u12cd \u1264\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1235\u1208\u1218\u1238\u1309 \u1290\u12cd\u201d \u12ed\u120b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12f0\u122d\u130d \u12c8\u1308\u1295 \u1206\u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u133b\u1348 \u12e8\u1275\u129b\u12cd\u121d \u1230\u12cd \u12ed\u1205\u127d\u1295 \u1243\u120d \u12ed\u12f0\u130b\u130d\u121b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1201\u1295\u1293 \u1208\u1205\u120a\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u1273\u121b\u129d \u12e8\u1206\u1291\u1275 \u1355\u122e\u134c\u1230\u122d \u1218\u1235\u134d\u1295 \u12c8\u120d\u12f0\u121b\u122a\u12eb\u121d \u201c\u1260\u1304\u1294\u122b\u120d \u12a0\u121b\u1295 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u12cd \u1245\u1325\u1348\u1275 \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u1260\u1323\u121b \u12eb\u1233\u12dd\u1293\u120d\u1364 \u1304\u1294\u122b\u120d \u12a0\u121b\u1295 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12a8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1275\u1308\u1290\u1320\u120d \u1270\u1308\u1262\u12cd\u1295 \u1325\u1228\u1275 \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1309 \u12a9\u1229 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12ca \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u201d \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u121d\u1235\u12ad\u122d\u1290\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1230\u1325\u1270\u12cb\u120d (\u12e8\u12ad\u1205\u12f0\u1275 \u1241\u120d\u1241\u1208\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1230\u1298\u12cd\u1295 \u1218\u133d\u1210\u134d \u12a0\u1295\u1265\u1261)\u1361\u1361 \u1304\u1294\u122b\u120d \u1303\u130b\u121b \u12ac\u120e\u121d \u1260\u1230\u1321\u1275 \u12e8\u121d\u1235\u12ad\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u1243\u120d \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1291 \u12a0\u1228\u130b\u130d\u1320\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u12e8\u12f0\u122d\u130d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12c8\u1235\u12f3\u1278\u12cd \u12a5\u122d\u121d\u1303\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u1260\u1323\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u1233\u1230\u1260 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1206\u1295 \u1290\u12cd \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1309\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12f0\u122d\u130d \u1260\u1218\u12cd\u12f0\u1242\u12eb\u12cd \u1230\u121e\u1295 \u12a8\u123b\u12d5\u1262\u12eb \u130b\u122d \u1295\u130d\u130d\u122d \u1208\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u1218\u121e\u12a8\u1229 \u121a\u12db\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12f0\u134b \u12dc\u1293 \u1208\u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12eb\u120d\u127b\u1208\u12cd \u12c8\u122d\u1243\u121b\u12cd \u12a5\u12f5\u120d \u12ab\u1218\u1208\u1320 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u12d8\u12d8 \u12ab\u122d\u12f5 \u1235\u1208\u1206\u1290 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u12a8\u12f0\u122d\u130d \u1240\u1325\u120e \u12e8\u1218\u1323\u12cd \u1205\u12c8\u1210\u1275 \u1208\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12a5\u12cd\u1245\u1293 \u1218\u1235\u1320\u1271 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u12c8\u12f5\u1230\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12a8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u12ca\u12cd \u12a0\u130b\u122d \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1271 (\u123b\u12d5\u1262\u12eb) \u130b\u122d \u12c8\u12f0\u134a\u1275 \u12a0\u1265\u122e \u1218\u1296\u122d \u1235\u1208\u121a\u127b\u120d\u1260\u1275 \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u1260\u1218\u1290\u130b\u1308\u122d \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1295 \u1325\u1245\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1230\u134b\u1260\u1275\u1295 \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u1218\u1240\u12e8\u1235 \u1232\u1308\u1263\u12cd \u201c\u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12e8\u1245\u129d \u130d\u12db\u1275 \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u1290\u12cd\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u130d\u1275\u122d \u12a0\u124b\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u122b\u121d\u12f5 \u1206\u1296 \u1270\u1308\u1298\u1293 \u1205\u12dd\u1261\u1295 \u12a0\u1235\u1240\u12e8\u1218\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a\u121d \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u122a\u1348\u1228\u1295\u12f0\u121d \u1260\u1270\u12ab\u1204\u12f0\u1260\u1275 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u12cd\u1233\u1294\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1338\u12f5\u1245\u1260\u1275 \u201c\u121b\u1295\u12f4\u1275\u201d \u12a8\u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u1230\u1320\u12cd \u12e8\u123d\u130d\u130d\u122d \u130a\u12dc \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12ed\u12de \u12cd\u1233\u1294\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u133d\u12f0\u1241 \u12e8\u1205\u12dd\u1261\u1295 \u120d\u1265 \u1230\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12da\u1205\u127d\u12cd \u1265\u127b \u1232\u1273\u1308\u120d \u12e8\u1296\u1228 \u12a0\u1235\u1218\u1230\u1208\u1260\u1275\u1361\u1361
——–
\u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1208\u1308\u133d\u12a9\u1275 \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12a0\u130d\u1263\u1265\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u1271 \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u1308\u1262\u12cd \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u12a0\u120b\u1235\u1270\u1293\u1308\u12f1\u1275\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1283\u12ed\u1208 \u1225\u120b\u1224\u1293 \u12f0\u122d\u130d \u1260\u1300\u1265\u12f0\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u1325\u12eb\u1244\u12cd\u1295 \u1228\u1308\u1321\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205\u129b\u12cd \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a8\u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1233\u12ed\u1230\u1320\u12cd \u1325\u12eb\u1244\u12cd\u1295 \u12f3\u130d\u121d \u1218\u1240\u1235\u1240\u1235 \u1260\u121b\u12ed\u127b\u120d \u1218\u120d\u12a9 \u12d8\u130b\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u1275\u122b\u1304\u12f2 \u1260\u1236\u1235\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1338\u1219 \u1235\u1205\u1270\u1276\u127d \u12f5\u121d\u122d \u12cd\u1324\u1275 \u1290\u12cd \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

===\u12e8\u1265\u12d9\u1203\u1295 \u1325\u12eb\u1244===<\/p>\n

\u120c\u120b\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u1233\u1233\u1270 \u12a5\u1233\u1264 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u201c\u1325\u12eb\u1244\u12cd\u1295 \u12eb\u1290\u1231\u1275 \u12a5\u134d\u129d \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u121e\u1209 \u12c8\u1295\u1260\u12f4\u12ce\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed \u12e8\u12f0\u122d\u130d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1260\u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u1355\u122e\u1353\u130b\u1295\u12f3 \u12ed\u1273\u12c8\u1243\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1201\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u1260\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1273\u12e8\u12cd \u1325\u12eb\u1244\u12cd \u12e8\u1265\u12d9\u1203\u1295 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1245\u122d\u1265 \u130a\u12dc \u12c8\u12f2\u1205 \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1276\u127d \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1260\u1209\u1275 \u12ed\u1218\u1235\u1208\u129b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u1275\u120d\u1245 \u1270\u1235\u134b\u1295 \u12eb\u132d\u122b\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u1260\u122d\u130d\u1325\u121d \u12e8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12e8\u1265\u12d9\u1203\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1325\u12eb\u1244\u12cd \u12e8\u1325\u1242\u1276\u127d \u1262\u1206\u1295 \u1296\u122e \u123b\u12d5\u1262\u12eb \u1208\u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12a5\u1233\u1275 \u1260\u121a\u1270\u134b\u12cd \u1260\u1320\u1263\u1261 \u12e8\u1233\u1205\u120d \u1260\u1228\u1203 \u12a0\u1238\u121d\u1246 \u1260\u1262.\u12a4\u121d \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u121a\u130d \u12e8\u121a\u12c8\u130b\u12cd\u1295 \u12d8\u1218\u1293\u12ca \u1326\u122d \u1218\u1218\u12a8\u1275 \u1263\u120d\u127b\u1208 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u130d\u1295\u1263\u1229 \u12a8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u12f5\u130b\u134d \u1235\u1208\u121a\u12eb\u1308\u129d\u1293 \u1260\u1270\u1230\u12cd \u1313\u12f6\u127d \u121d\u1275\u12ad \u12a0\u12f3\u12f2\u1236\u127d\u1295 \u1218\u1270\u12ab\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u127b\u1209 \u1290\u1260\u122d \u1260\u1275\u130d\u1209 \u1208\u1218\u130d\u134b\u1275 \u12e8\u1246\u1228\u1320\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1348\u1208\u1308\u12cd\u1295 \u12eb\u1205\u120d \u12e8\u12d0\u1228\u1265 \u1354\u1275\u122e-\u12f6\u120b\u122d\u1293 \u12e8\u121d\u12d5\u122b\u1263\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u12e8\u12f2\u1355\u120e\u121b\u1232 \u12f5\u130b\u134d \u1262\u130e\u122d\u134d\u1208\u1275 \u12a8\u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1308\u1298\u12cd\u1295 \u12f5\u130b\u134d \u1348\u133d\u121e \u120a\u1270\u12ab\u1208\u1275 \u12a0\u12ed\u127d\u120d\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u12a0\u1201\u1291 \u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f5 \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u12a5\u12cd\u1290\u1273 \u1270\u1240\u1265\u120e \u1290\u12cd \u12a8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u130b\u122d \u1235\u1208\u12a0\u1265\u122e \u1218\u1296\u122d\u1293 \u1235\u1208\u1218\u120d\u12ab\u121d \u1309\u122d\u1265\u1275\u1293 \u1218\u1290\u130b\u1308\u122d \u12eb\u1208\u1260\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u201c\u12a5\u134d\u129d \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u121e\u1209 \u12c8\u1295\u1260\u12f4\u12ce\u127d\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1270\u122b \u12e8\u1355\u122e\u1353\u130b\u1295\u12f3 \u12a0\u1290\u130b\u1308\u122d \u12a8\u1201\u1208\u1271\u121d \u12c8\u1308\u1295 \u123a\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1228\u130d\u1349 \u1290\u12cd \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u129b\u12ce\u1279 \u1304\u1294\u122b\u120e\u127d \u1260\u12f0\u122d\u130d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b \u1308\u12f0\u121b \u1270\u12f0\u134b\u134d\u1228\u12cd \u1218\u1348\u1295\u1245\u1208 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1208\u121b\u12ab\u1204\u12f5 \u12e8\u121e\u12a8\u1229\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1271\u1295 \u12a5\u120d\u1242\u1275 \u1208\u121b\u1235\u1240\u1228\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u1260\u120c\u120b \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u1265\u1204\u122b\u12ca \u12e8\u1290\u133b\u1290\u1275 \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u121b\u1295\u1233\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1210\u1322\u12a0\u1275\u1293 \u1270\u12a0\u121d\u122d \u120a\u1246\u1320\u122d \u12a0\u12ed\u1308\u1263\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12e8\u1275\u129b\u12cd\u121d \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u122d \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u132d\u1246\u1293 \u12f0\u1228\u1230\u1265\u129d \u1263\u1208 \u130a\u12dc \u12a5\u122a \u1265\u120e \u1218\u1290\u1233\u1271 \u12a8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12e8\u1270\u121b\u122d\u1290\u12cd \u12a5\u12cd\u1290\u1273 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a0\u1201\u1291 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12b3 \u1260\u1218\u1276\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1246\u1320\u1229 \u1265\u1204\u122b\u12ca \u12e8\u1290\u133b\u1290\u1275 \u1295\u1245\u1293\u1244\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u134d\u120d\u1235\u1325\u12a4\u121d \u1205\u12dd\u1265\u1363 \u12e8\u12a9\u122d\u12f2\u1235\u1273\u1295 \u1205\u12dd\u1265\u1363 \u12e8\u1230\u121c\u1295 \u12a0\u134d\u122a\u1243\u12cd \u12e8\u1260\u122d\u1260\u122d \u1205\u12dd\u1265\u1363 \u12e8\u12a2\u1295\u12f6\u1294\u12e5\u12eb\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u127c \u1205\u12dd\u1265\u1363 \u12e8\u1229\u1232\u12eb\u12cd \u12e8\u127a\u127a\u1292\u12eb \u1205\u12dd\u1265\u1363 \u12e8\u1235\u122a\u120b\u1295\u12ab\u12cd \u12e8\u1273\u121a\u120d \u1205\u12dd\u1265\u1363 \u12e8\u121d\u12d5\u122b\u1265 \u1230\u1210\u122b \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u12c8\u12d8\u1270\u2026 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12ab\u1204\u12f7\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1295\u1245\u1293\u1244\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u1325\u1240\u1235 \u12ed\u127b\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u1201\u1208\u1271\u1295 \u1205\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u1218\u120d\u12ab\u121d \u1309\u122d\u1265\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u121d\u1295\u123b \u12a8\u1206\u1290 \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u12a0\u133d\u1295\u12a6\u1275 \u120d\u1295\u1230\u1320\u12cd \u12ed\u1308\u1263\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

====\u12e8\u12c8\u12f0\u134a\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5====<\/p>\n

\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u1293 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12c8\u12f0\u134a\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f4\u1275 \u120a\u1206\u1291 \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u1209?\u2026 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u1229\u1260\u1275 \u130a\u12dc \u12ed\u1218\u1323 \u12ed\u1206\u1295?
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\u12a8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u1290\u133b \u1218\u12cd\u1323\u1275 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1208\u1218\u12f0 \u12e8\u1218\u1323 \u12a0\u1263\u1263\u120d \u12a0\u1208\u1361\u1361 \u201c\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u1230\u12cd \u12ed\u1295\u1243\u1209\u1364 \u122b\u1233\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1348\u1228\u1295\u1305 \u12ed\u1246\u1325\u122b\u1209\u1363 \u1275\u12d5\u1262\u1270\u129e\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd? \u12a5\u1290\u122d\u1231\u1295 \u1218\u1208\u121b\u1218\u1325 \u12a0\u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u130d\u121d\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1228\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u1218\u122b\u1218\u1228 \u1230\u12cd \u1263\u12ed\u1206\u1295\u121d \u1265\u12d9\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u1232\u1209 \u12a5\u1230\u121b\u1208\u1201\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u122d\u130d\u1325 \u127d\u130d\u1229 \u120a\u1296\u122d \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1206\u1296\u121d \u12ed\u1205 \u1260\u12e8\u1275\u121d \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u12ed \u12ad\u1235\u1270\u1275 \u1218\u1206\u1291\u1295 \u1218\u12d8\u1295\u130b\u1275 \u12e8\u1208\u1265\u1295\u121d\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u127d\u130d\u122e\u127d \u12e8\u1295\u1243\u1270 \u1205\u120a\u1293 \u12a0\u1208\u1218\u1265\u1230\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u12a8\u1296\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12a8\u1265\u1204\u122b\u12ca \u12e8\u1290\u133b\u1290\u1275 \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12f5\u1309 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1209\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u1208\u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u1275\u1235\u1235\u1229 \u1232\u1320\u1293\u12a8\u122d \u127d\u130d\u122e\u1279\u121d \u1240\u1235 \u1260\u1240\u1235 \u12ed\u12c8\u1308\u12f3\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1276\u1279\u1295 \u1270\u122b \u1309\u12f3\u12ee\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12a5\u12e8\u12f0\u1228\u12f0\u1229 \u12a8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u130b\u122d \u12eb\u1208\u1295\u1295 \u1240\u1228\u1264\u1273 \u1208\u1218\u1308\u12f0\u1265 \u1218\u121e\u12a8\u122d \u1270\u1308\u1262 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u201c\u1293\u1241\u129d\u201d \u1265\u120e \u1208\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1245\u121d \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u12a8\u121b\u1296\u122d \u121b\u1348\u130d\u1348\u130d\u121d \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1270\u12c8\u1243\u123d\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u1275\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1276\u1279 \u1270\u122b \u1309\u12f3\u12ee\u127d\u1295 \u12a8\u1230\u1260\u1265 \u1218\u1241\u1320\u122d \u1270\u1308\u1262 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n

\u1260\u120c\u120b \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1218\u1206\u1295\u1295 \u12e8\u121d\u1295\u1218\u129d \u12a8\u1206\u1290 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u12ca\u12eb\u1291\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1240\u12ed\u121d \u12f5\u122d\u130a\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u1348\u133d\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f6\u127d \u1262\u12eb\u1235\u1240\u12ed\u1219\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12b3 \u1208\u1205\u120d\u121b\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u12cd\u1295 \u1218\u1206\u1295 \u1235\u1295\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u1273\u1308\u1233\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u12c8\u1295\u12f5\u121e\u127b\u127d\u1295 \u1218\u1206\u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u1240\u1260\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12c8\u12eb\u12ed\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1295\u123d\u123b\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1263\u1208\u1349\u1275 \u12d8\u1218\u1293\u1275 \u1208\u1270\u12a8\u1230\u1270\u12cd \u1218\u130b\u12f0\u120d \u12ed\u1245\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u1263\u1263\u120d\u1361\u1361
—-
\u1230\u120b\u121d
\u12a0\u1348\u1295\u12f2 \u1219\u1270\u1242
\u12e8\u12ab\u1272\u1275 24
\u1260\u1200\u1228\u122d \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1270\u133b\u1348\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\"Image\"<\/p>\n

(አፈንዲ ሙተቂ)<\/span>
———-
ኤርትራን በኢትኖግራፊ መነጽር በዳሰስኩበት የክፍል አንድ ጽሑፌ ላይ የተሰነዘሩ አንዳንድ አስተያየቶች የኤርትራን ችግር ከመሰረቱ እንዳስሰው አነሳስተውኛል፡፡ በተለይም ብዙዎች የሚሳሳቱባቸውን ነጥቦች ማብራራት ተገቢ ሆኖ ታይቶኛል፡፡ ስለዚህ በራሴ ጥናት በደረስኩበት መደምደሚያ መሰረት የግል እምነቴን የሚያንጸባርቀውን ይህንን መጣጥፍ አሰናድቻለሁ፡፡<\/p>\n

====የኤርትራ ጥያቄ አነሳስ===<\/p>\n

አንዳንዶች “የኤርትራ ጥያቄ በኢጣሊያ ቅኝ ገዥዎች የተፈጠረ የስነ-ልቦና መቃወስ ነው” የሚል እይታ አላቸው፡፡ ይሁንና ይህ አነጋገር ከመሰረታዊ የታሪክ ሐቅ ጋር ይጋጫል፡፡ የኢጣሊያ ቅኝ ገዥዎች ኤርትራን ለ60 ዓመታት ይዘዋታል፡፡ ይሁን እንጂ ህዝቡን የተለየ ስነ-ልቦና ያለው ህዝብ አድርገው ለመቅረጽ ብዙም አልሞከሩም፡፡ በሌላው የአፍሪቃ ሀገር እንደሚታየው ኤርትራዊያን ከጥንታዊ ማንነታቸው ብዙም አልተለወጡም፡፡ ባህላቸውንና ቋንቋቸውን በሚገባ አስጠብቀዋል፡፡ ለምሳሌ በኢጣሊያዊት ኤርትራ ጣሊያንኛ መናገር የሚችለው ህዝብ ከመቶ አስር እጅ ብቻ ነበር፡፡<\/p>\n

የኤርትራ ጥያቄ መንቀልቀል የጀመረው በእንግሊዞች አስተዳደር ዘመን ነው፡፡ በዚያ ዘመን ፓርቲ፣ የሙያ ማህበራት፤ ነጻ ፕሬስ፣ ወዘተ በተግባር ላይ በመዋላቸው ህዝቡ በግዛቲቱ የወደፊት እጣ ላይ እንዲነጋገር መንገድ ከፍተዋል፡፡ ይህ ውይይት ተጧጡፎ ሁለት ተጻራራ ጎሳዎች እንዲፈጠሩ ምክንያት ሆኗል፤- የአንድነትና የነጻነት ጎራ፡፡ ታዲያ የአንድነት ጎራው ዛሬ እንደሚባለው መላውን የኤርትራ ህዝብ የሚወክል አልነበረም፡፡ የነጻነት ደጋፊም ዛሬ እንደሚባለው በጣም አናሳ አይደለም፡፡ ከተባበሩት መንግሥታትና ከልዩ ልዩ ምንጮች የተገኙ መረጃዎች እንደሚጠቁሙት 40% የሚሆነው የራቢጣ ኢስላሚያ ፓርቲ ደጋፊ እና 6 % የሚሆነው የሊበራል ፕሮግሬሲቭ ፓርቲ (የወልደአብ ወልደማሪያም ፓርቲ) ደጋፊ “ነጻነት”ን ይፈልጉ ነበር፡፡ የአንድነት ደጋፊዎች (የሀገር ፍቅር ማህበር አባላትና ሌሎቹም) ብዙሃን የነበሩ መሆናቸው ትክክል ቢሆንም ከኤርትራ ህዝብ 48 % የሚሆነውን ብቻ ነበር የሚወክሉት፡፡ የተቀረው አነስተኛ ቡድን ፕሮኢታሊያ (የጣሊያንን ሞግዚትነት የሚፈልግ ፓርቲ) ደጋፊዎች ነበሩ (እነዚህኛዎቹ ከኢጣሊያ ቅኝ ገዥዎች የተወለዱ ክልሶቸ ነበሩ)፡፡<\/p>\n

የኤርትራን ጥያቄ ከዐረቦች ተንኮልም ከእስልምና ተስፋፊነት ጋር ማያያዝም አግባብ አይደለም፡፡ ጥያቄው በኤርትራ ምድር ነው የተነሳው እንጂ በዐረቦች ዘንድ አይደለም፡፡ ዐረቦች ከጥንት ጀምሮ ሁለታችንንም “ሐበሻ” ነው የሚሉን፡፡ በ19ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን አጋማሽ ኤርትራን ለመያዝ የዘመተችው ግብጽ ፍላጎቷ ሁሉንም የሰሜን ምስራቅ አፍሪቃ ሀገራት ጠቅላላ በመያዝ የአባይን ምንጭና የቀይ ባህር ንግድን መቆጣጠር እንጂ ኤርትራን ለብቻ ገንጥላ የተለየ ቀጣና ማድረግ አልነበረም፡፡ ለዚህም ነበር ግማሽ ጦሯን ይዛ ከዘይላ እስከ ሀረር ድረስ የተዘረጋ ግዛት የመሰረተችው፡፡ በኤርትራ በኩል ግን ከምጽዋ በስተቀር ሊሳካላት አልቻለም፡፡ በራስ አሉላ የሚመራው ጦር ድባቅ እየመታት መልሶአታል፡፡ በታጁራና ጅቡቲ በኩል የመጣውን ጦሯን (በኮሎኔል ሙዚንገር የሚመራውን) ደግሞ የአፋር ጀግኖች ደምስሰውታል፡፡<\/p>\n

በእንግሊዞቹ ዘመን የነጻነቱን ጥያቄ በስፋት ይደግፉ የነበሩት ሙስሊሞች እንደነበሩ መካድ አይቻልም፡፡ ሙስሊሞቹ ይህንን ሃሳብ ሲያቀነቅኑ የነበሩት በዘመኑ በኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ ይታይ ከነበረው ተጨባጭ እውነታ በመነሳት እንጂ “ኢትዮጵያ የምትባለውን ሀገር ስለሚጠሉት አይደለም፡፡ የኤርትራዊያኑ ሙስሊሞች ስጋት “በኃይለ ሥላሤዋ ኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ ከተቀላቀልን በሀይማኖታችን ምክንያት ከፍተኛ ጭቆና ይፈጸምብናል፤ ስለዚህ ኤርትራ ነጻ ሀገር ብትሆን ነው መብታችን የሚከበረው” የሚል ነው፡፡ የአጼ ኃይለ ሥላሤ መንግሥት የሙስሊሞቹን ስጋት ለመቅረፍ የሚያስችሉ እርምጃዎችን ቢወስድ ኖሮ የኤርትራ ጥያቄ ባልተከሰተ ነበር፡፡<\/p>\n

ከላይ እንደተጠቀሰው ሁለቱ ጎራዎች ተቀራራቢ ሚዛን ነው የነበራቸው፡፡ የተባበሩት መንግሥታት ኤርትራ በፌዴሬሽን ከኢትዮጵያ ጋር እንድትተሳሰር ያደረገበት አንዱ ምክንያትም የሁለቱ ጎራ ደጋፊዎች የተቀራረበ የሀይል ሚዛን (46ለ48) ያላቸው መሆኑን ከግምት ውስጥ በማስገባት ነው፡፡ በሌላ በኩል በእንግሊዞች አስተዳደር የመጨረሻ ዓመታት በሁለቱ ጎራዎች መካከል ከፍተኛ የሆነ ሽኩቻና መጠፋፋት ይካሄድ ስለነበር የተባበሩት መንግሥታት የትኛውንም ጎራ ደግፎ ጥያቄውን ቢፈታው የከረረ የርስ በርስ ጦርነት ይከሰታል የሚል ፍርሃት አድሮበት ነበር፡፡ በመሆኑም “ኤርትራ በፌዴሬሽኑ ከኢትዮጵያ ጋር ብትዋሃድ በሁለቱም ጎራ መካከል ፍጅት እንዳይቀሰቀስ ለማገዝ ይችላል” የሚል እምነት ነበረው፡፡<\/p>\n

=====የፌደሬሽኑ ፎርሙላ====<\/p>\n

ይህኛውም ብዙ ሰዎች የሚሳሳቱበት ነጥብ ነው፡፡ የኃይለ ሥላሤ መንግሥትም ሆኑ የደርግ መንግሥት ደጋፊዎች ለኤርትራ የተፈቀደው ፌዴሬሽን ምን ዓይነት እንደሆነ ግንዛቤው ያላቸው አይመስለኝም፡፡ “ፌዴሬሽኑ መነካት አልነበረበትም” የሚል ሐሳብ ሲሰነዘር ለተቃውሞ የሚነሱትም በዚሁ ምክንያት ይመስለኛል፡፡ በሌላ በኩል የነጻነት ጎራ ደጋፊዎች በተባበሩት መንግሥታት የተፈቀደውን የፌዴሬሽኑን ፎርሙላ ከከፍተኛ ቅሬታ ጋር የተቀበሉት መሆናቸውም ይረሳል፡፡<\/p>\n

ለኤርትራ የተፈቀደው ፌዴሬሽን ዛሬ ላይ ተሁኖ ሲታይ እጅግ በጣም “ሊበራል” የሚባል ነበር፡፡ ሌሎች የኢትዮጵያ ግዛቶችም በዚያ ሞዴል ቢቀረጹ ኖሮ ዛሬ የሚታየው ምስቅልቅል ሁኔታ ተለውጦ ሀገራችን ሌላ መልክ በያዘች ነበር፡፡ በዚያ ዘመን ነጻ ያልወጡት ሶማሊላንድና ጅቡቲም የኛ አካላት ሊሆኑ ይችሉ ነበር ለማለትም ያስደፍራል፡፡ ነገር ግን ንጉሡና ባለሟሎቻቸው በግዴለሽነት ሰረዙት፡፡
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ኤርትራ በወቅቱ ከኢትዮጵያ ጋር የተዋሃደችበት ፌዴሬሽን በትክክለኛው አገላለጽ ሲታይ “ሙሉ ራስ ገዝ አስተዳደር” የሚባል ነው፡፡ ኤርትራ የራሷ ፓርላማ፣ ህግ አስፈጻሚና ህግ ተርጓሚ አካላት አሏት፡፡ መንግሥቱን የሚመራው “ዋና ስራ አስፈጻሚ” (Chief Executive officer) በፈረቃ ከክርስቲያን ደገኞቹና ከሙስሊም ቆለኞቹ እንዲመረጥ ተወስኗል፡፡ ዋና ስራ አስፈጻሚው ክርስቲያን ከሆነ የፓርላማው ፕሬዚዳንት ከሙስሊም ቆለኞች ነው፡፡ ስራ አስፈጻሚው ከቆለኞቹ ሲመረጥ ደግሞ የፓርላማው ፕሬዚዳንት ከደገኞች ይሆናል፡፡<\/p>\n

የኤርትራው ራስ ገዝ አስተዳደር ከውጭ ጉዳዮች፣ ከገንዘብ ነክ ጉዳዮች፣ ከንግድና ከመገናኛ በስተቀር በሁሉም ነገሮች ላይ መወሰን ይችላል፡፡ እነዚህ አራት ዘርፎች የሚመሩት የፌዴራሉ መንግሥት ሆኖ በሚሰራው የአጼ ኃይለ ሥላሤ መንግሥት ነው፡፡ የምጽዋና የአሰብ ወደቦችም በፌዴራሉ መንግሥት ስር ነበር የሚተዳደሩት፡፡
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ታዲያ ይህ ፌዴሬሽን ምን በደለ?. ምን አጠፋ?… ይህንን ፌዴሬሽን ለማፍረስ መቸኮል አግባብ ነው?…. ዛሬ እኮ ለኢትዮጵያ እንዲህ ዓይነት ያልተማከለ አስተዳደር ያስፈልጋታል ነው እያልን ያለነው፡፡ የአጼ ኃይለ ሥላሤ መንግሥት ግን በማን አለብኝነት አጠፋውና ረዥሙን ጦርነት ቀሰቀሰ፡፡ የሀገራችንም ታሪክ ሌላ መልክ ያዘ፡፡<\/p>\n

===ፌዴሬሽኑ እንዴት ፈረሰ?====<\/p>\n

ሌላው በብዙ ሰዎች የሚሰነዘረው አባባል “ፌዴሬሽኑ የፈረሰው በአንድነት ኃይሎች ሙሉ ፈቃደኝነትና ግፊት ነው” ይላሉ፡፡ ይህኛውም አባባል ምንም ማስረጃ የለውም፡፡ እንዲያውም በፌዴሬሽኑ ዘመን የፌዴሬሽኑ አስተዳዳሪዎች ይከተሉት ከነበረው አድሎአዊነት የተነሳ ከአንድነት ጎራ ደጋፊዎች መካከል እጅግ የሚበዙት የፌደሬሽኑ ተቃዋሚ በመሆን የነጻነቱን ጎራ ተቀላቅለዋል፡፡ በተጨማሪም የቢትወደድ አስፋሓ መንግሥት በኤርትራ ሰራተኞችና የሙያ ማህበራት ላይ በሚያካሄዳቸው የእመቃ ተግባራት ብዙዎችን አስቀይሟል፡፡ ስለዚህ የአንድነት ሀይሎች ጉልበት ኖሯቸው በመንግሥቱ ላይ ግፊት የሚፈጥሩበት ሁኔታ በጭራሽ አልነበረም፡፡ አብዛኛው የኤርትራ ህዝብ “አደይ ኤሪትሪያ”ን መዘመር የጀመረው በነዚያ አመታት ነው፡፡<\/p>\n

ፈዴሬሽኑን በግልጽ ያፈረሱት የቢትወደድ አስፋሓ ደጋፊችና ጄኔራል አቢይ አበበን የመሳሰሉ የአጼ ኃይለ ሥላሤ መንግሥት ሹማምንት ናቸው፡፡ ቢትወደድ አስፋሓ ከመጀመሪያኑ በኤርትራ የተሾሙት ለዚሁ ነበር፡፡ እኝህ ሰው በኤርትራ ተወለዱ እንጂ አልኖሩባትም፡፡ ዕድሜአቸውን ያሳለፉት እዚሁ ኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ በትርጉም ስራ ላይ ነበር፡፡ በጣሊያን ወረራ ዘመን በአዲስ አበባ ሀገረ ገዥነት ተሹመው በአዲስ አበባ ገነተ-ልዑል ቤተ መንግሥት የሚቀመጡት የዱክ ኦፍ አኦስታ እና የጄኔራል ናዚ አስተርጓሚ ነበሩ፡፡ በኋላም በሲቪል ሰርቪሱ ውስጥ ከፍተኛ ስልጣን ተሰጥቷቸዋል፡፡ ለጣሊያን መንግሥት በአስተዳዳሪነት ተሹመው ለሰጡት አገልግሎት ቤኒቶ ሙሶሎኒ ፊት ቀርበው የፈረሰኛ ኒሻን ተሸልመዋል (አምባሳደር ዘውዴ ረታ፣ የኤርትራ ጉዳይ፣ ገጽ 461-462 ተመልከቱ)፡፡<\/p>\n

ቢትወደድ አስፋሓ ለሶስት ዓመታት በኤርትራ ፌዴሬሽን የንጉሠ ነገሥቱ ምክትል እንደራሴ ነበሩ፡፡ በዚያ ዘመን በደጃች ተድላ ባይሩ የሚመራው የኤርትራ አስተዳደር በሁለት እግሩ ቆሞ እንዳይሰራ በማድረግ ተግባር ላይ ነው የተጠመዱት፡፡ በዚህ ረገድ ከዋናው እንደራሴ ራስ አንዳርጋቸው መሳይ (ሁለተኛው የልዕልት ተናኘወርቅ ባለቤት) ጋርም ዘወትር ይወዛገቡ ነበር፡፡ የሚገርመው ነገር አጼ ኃይለ ሥላሤ አማቻቸው በቢትወደድ አስፋሓ ላይ የሚያቀርቡትን ክስ በስራ ከመበለጥ የመጣ የዝቅተኝነት ስሜት (inferiority complex) አድርገው መቁጠራቸው ነው፡፡<\/p>\n

ቢትወደድ አስፋሓ ከ1955 ጀምሮ ፌደሬሽኑ እስከፈረሰበት ድረስ (1962) ቺፍ ኤክስኩቲቭ ኦፊሰር ወይንም የራስ ገዙ ዋና ስራ አስፈጻሚ ሆነው ሰርተዋል፡፡ እዚህ ላይ አንድ ነገር ልብ በሉ፡፡ የኤርትራን ዋና አስፈጻሚ የሚመርጠው የኤርትራ ፓርላማ ነው፡፡ ተመራጩ የፓርላማው አባል መሆን አለበት፡፡ ይሁንና የአጼ ኃይለ ሥላሤ “የኤርትራ ስራ አስፈጻሚ የግዴታ የፓርላማው አባል መሆን የለበትም” በሚል የጉልበተኝነት ስሜት ቢትወደድ አስፋሓ ለፌዴሬሽኑ ስራ አስፈጻሚነት እንዲመረጡ አድርገዋል፡፡<\/p>\n

ቢትወደድ አስፋሓ የኤርትራ ዋና ስራ አስፈጻሚ ሆነው ሲሾሙ መጀመሪያ ያደረጉት ነገር ለሚወስዷቸው እርምጃዎች ህጋዊ ሽፋን ለማሰጠት የኤርትራ ፓርላማ የኃይለ ሥላሤ መንግሥት እንደሚፈልገው አድርጎ ማዋቀር ነው፡፡ በዚህም መሰረት ቀደም ሲል በተባበሩት መንግሥታት ታዛቢነት የሚካሄደውን የምርጫ ዘይቤ ለወጥ በማድረግ አሁን በአፍሪካ የሚካሄደውን የምርጫ ቲያትር አመጡ፡፡ ለምሳሌ ከምዕራብ ቆላ በሚመረጡ ሙስሊሞች ወንበሮች ላይ ለርሳቸው ታማኝ የሆኑትን የደጋ ሙስሊሞችን አስመርጠዋል፡፡<\/p>\n

ከዚህ በኋላ ነበር ፌዴሬሽኑን የማፈራረሱ ስራ የተጀመረው፡፡ ፓርቲዎች ታገዱ፡፡ ነጻ ፕሬስም ታገደ፡፡ የሰራተኛ ማህበራትም ታገዱ፡፡ “ዐረብኛ የባዕድ ቋንቋ ነው” በሚል ከህገ-መንግሥቱ ተፍቆ ወጣ፡፡ ከዚያም የኤርትራ ባንዲራ እንዳይውለበለብ ተደረገ፡፡ በማስከተልም ትግርኛ ከስራ ቋንቋነት ተሰረዘ፡፡ በምትኩ አማርኛ የስራ ቋንቋ ሆነ፡፡ “ዋና ስራ አስፈጻሚ” የሚለው የፌዴሬሽኑ ገዥ መጠሪያም “ዋና አስተዳዳሪ” በሚል ተተካ፡፡ ፡ በመጨረሻ ላይ “የኤርትራ ፓርላማ ወስኗል” በሚል ፌዴሬሽኑ ፈረሰ፡፡<\/p>\n

ፌዴሬሽኑ እንዲህ እየተገዘገዘ ነበር ቀስበቀስ የፈረሰው፡፡ የፈዴሬሽኑ አፍራሾችም ድሮ ለአንድነት የታገሉ የአንድነት ሀይሎች ሳይሆኑ ቢትወደድ አስፋሓ በሚፈልጉት መንገድ የተመረጡ አድር ባዮች ነበሩ፡፡<\/p>\n

ይህንን የቢትወደድ አስፋሓን ታሪክና የማምታት ዘዴ ብዙዎች ጽፈውታል፡፡ በአማርኛ ታሪኩን በሰፊው የጻፉት ግን አምባሳደር ዘውዴ ረታ ናቸው፡፡ አምባሳደር ዘውዴ መጽሐፉን ሲጽፉ ቢትወደድ አስፋሓን የአንድነትና የነፃነት ጠበቃ በማድረግ ነው የሚያንቆለጳጵሱት፡፡ ቢትወደድ አስፋሓ የወሰዱትን እርምጃ አንድ በአንድ እየተረኩልን እንኳ ህገ-ወጥነታቸውን ያደንቁላቸዋል፡፡ ታዲያ በጣም የሚያሳዝነው ነገር በዚሁ መጽሐፍ ውስጥ ጸሐፌ ትዕዛዝ አክሊሉ ሀብተወልድ ኤርትራን በፌዴሬሽን ለማስመለስ ያደረጉት እልህ አስጨራሽ ትግልና ፌዴሬሽኑ እንዳይፈርስ ያደረጉት ጥረት ሰፋ ብሎ የቀረበ መሆኑ ነው፡፡ ጸሐፌ ትዕዛዝ አክሊሉ ለአጼ ኃይለ ሥላሤ “በህግ ፈርመን የተቀበልነውን አደራ ማክበር አለብን” የሚል ተደጋጋሚ ምክር ቢሰጧቸውም ንጉሡ በጭራሽ ሊሰሟቸው አልፈቀዱም፡፡ በመሆኑም ኢትዮጵያና ኤርትራ ሁለት ሀገር የመሆናቸው እርሾ ተጠነሰሰ፡፡<\/p>\n

===የኤርትራ ነጻነት ትግል እና የኤርትራዊነት ስነ-ልቦና===<\/p>\n

የኤርትራ ነጻነት ትግል የተለኮሰው ፌዴሬሽኑ በተባበሩት መንግሥታት ድርጅት ታዛቢዎች በወጣለት ህገ-መንግሥት መሰረት ስራዎቹን በአግባቡ ማከናወን ስላቃተው ነው፡፡ ከላይ እንደተገለጸው በ1950ዎቹ አጋማሽ አብዛኛው ህዝብ ከአንድነት አቀንቃኝነት ወጥቶ ወደ ነጻነት ፈላጊው ጎራ መቀላቀል ጀምሯል፡፡ ትግሉን በተደራጀ መንገድ የመጠንሰሱን ሃሳብ የወጠነው ግን ሰባት ሰዎች የመሰረቱት “ማህበር ሸውአተ” የሚባለው እድር መሳይ ማህበር ነው፡፡ ይህ ማህበር ከጥቂት ጊዜ በኋላ “ምንቕስቓስ ሓርነት ኤርትራ” (“ሐረካት ታሕሪረል ኤሪትሪያ”\/Eritrean Liberation Movement) የሚባል ድርጅት ወለደ (ድርጅቱ በታሪክ ምዕራፎች “ሐረካ” እየተባለ ነው የሚጠራው)፡፡<\/p>\n

“ሐረካ” ወደ ትግሉ የገባው ፌዴሬሽኑ ከመፍረሱ ከሶስት ዓመታት አስቀድሞ ነው፡፡ የትግሉ ዋነኛ ዓላማም “የኤርትራ ፌዴሬሽን በህገ-መንግሥቱ መሰረት ስራውን እንዲያከናውን መጠየቅ” ነበር፡፡ ይሁንና አብዛኛው ኤርትራዊ ኤሊት ለአስር ዓመታት ባየው የፌዴሬሽኑ አሰራር ተስፋ የቆረጠ በመሆኑ “የፌዴሬሽን አሰራርን በጭራሽ አንቀበልም” ባይ ሆነ፡፡ በተለይም የቀድሞ የኤርትራ ፓርላማ አባላት በዚህ ላይ ግትር አቋም ያዙ፡፡ በመሆኑም ከነጻነት በመለስ ሌላ አማራጭ ለመቀበል ዝግጁ ያልሆነው “ተጋድሎ ሓርነት ኤርትራ” ወይንም “ጀብሃት ታሕሪረል ኤሪቲሪያ” (ጀብሃ) እ.ኤ.አ መስከረም ወር 1961 በካይሮ ከተማ ብዙ ህዝብ በተሰበሰበት ተመሰረተ፡፡ ጀብሃ ትግሉን ለሃያ ዓመታት ከቀጠለበት በኋላ በውስጣዊና ውጫዊ ችግሮች ተዳክሞ ሲወድቅ ከርሱ የተገነጠለው “ህዝባዊ ግንባር ሓርነት ኤርትራ” ወይንም “ጀብሃት አሽ-ሻዕቢያ ሊ-ተሕሪረል ኤሪቲሪያ” (ሻዕቢያ) እርሱን ተክቶ መዋጋቱን ተያያዘው፡፡ በ1983 (1991) ኤርትራ ነጻ ሀገር ሆነች ፡፡ የኤርትራ የነጻነት ትግል የተጓዘበት መንገድ ከብዙ በጥቂቱ ይህንን ይመስላል፡፡ ይህ መሆኑ እየታወቀ “የቅኝ ገዥዎች ተንኮል”፣ “የዐረቦች ሸር” ወዘተ.. የሚሉ ሰበቦችን መደርደር ራስን መደለል ነው፡፡<\/p>\n

ኤርትራዊነት “የቅኝ ተገዥነት ስሜት የፈጠረው የተቃወሰ ስነ-ልቦና ነው” የሚለውም ክስ ከዚሁ ጋር ነው የሚታየው፡፡ ኤርትራዊያንን እስከምናውቃቸው ድረስ ለፈረንጅ ገዥ ያላቸው ስሜት ከኛ ጋር ተመሳሳይ ነው፡፡ ለዚህም ነበር በ1929-1933 የኢጣሊያ ወረራ ዘመን በርካታ የኤርትራ ጀግኖች ድንበር አቋርጠው ከኢትዮጵያ አርበኞች ጋር የተቀላቀሉት፡፡ የኢትዮጵያ ባንዲራ በኢጣሊያ ወታደሮች መረገጡ አንገብግቦት የጠላቶቹን አንገት በሰይፍ የቀላው ጀግናው ዘርዓይ ደረስ ከተወለደበት ኤርትራ ውጪ የተቀረውን የኢትዮጵያ ክልል ለአንድም ቀን ረግጦ አያውቅም፡፡ ጀግኖቹ አብረሃ ደቦችና ሞገስ አስገዶምም በቅኝ ገዥዋ ኮሎኒያል ኤሪትሪያ ነበር የተወለዱት፡፡ የህዝቡ ስነ-ልቦና በቅዥ ተገዥነት ስሜት የተቃወሰ ቢሆን ኖሮ እንደዚህ የበረከቱ ጀግኖች በሀገሩ ላይ ባልበቀሉ ነበር፡፡
——
ለኤርትራ ጥያቄ መፈጠር እርሾ የሆነው የቅኝ ተገዥነት ስሜት ሳይሆን የኛ መንግሥታት ሲያካሄዱት የነበረው ኢ-ፍትሐዊነትና ብሄራዊ ጭቆና ነበር፡፡ ያለፉት መንግሥታት ቤታችንን በማስተካከል ለሁላችንም እንዲመች ቢያደርጉት ኖሮ ጥያቄው ባልተፈጠረ ነበር፡፡ ለዚህ ፋና ወጊ የነበረውን የልጅ እያሱ ፖሊሲ መጥቀስ ይቻላል፡፡<\/p>\n

ይልቅ ከኤርትራዊያን ጋር የማንግባባው “ኢትዮጵያ ቅኝ ገዥ ነበረች” በሚለው አገላለጽ ነው፡፡ ኢትዮጵያ ቀርቶ ረጅም ሀገር አቋርጠው ምጽዋን ለአራት መቶ ዓመታት የያዙት ኦቶማን ቱርኮች እንኳ ቅኝ ገዥ ተብለው አልተጠሩም፡፡ መንግሥታቶቻችን የኤርትራን ጥያቄ ጆሮ ዳባ ልበስ ብለው ለመስማት ባይፈለጉትም አውሮጳዊያን እንዳደረጉት አዲስ ሀገር በወረራ አልያዙም፡፡ መሬቱ ከጣሊያኖች መምጣት በፊት በራስ አሉላ ስር “መረብ ምላሽ” ተብሎ ይተዳደር ነበር፡፡ በጥንቱ ታሪክ ውስጥ ደግሞ ኤርትራ “ባህረ ነጋሽ” የሚል ስያሜ የነበራት ዋነኛዋ የኢትዮጵያ አስኳል እንደነበረች ነው የምናውቀው፡፡ የጥንቱ “አቢሲኒያ” (ሐበሻ) የሚለው አጠራር መጀመሪያ የተፈጠረው በኤርትራና በትግራይ ውስጥ ነው፡፡ እዚህ ላይ ፕሮፌሰር መስፍን በግንቦት ወር 1983 የለንደን ኮንፈረንስ ሲካሄድ ለፕሬዚዳንት ኢሳያስ አፈወርቂ “እኛ ኢትዮጵያዊያን አይደለንም ማለታችሁ ትልቁ ስህተታችሁ ነው፤ ኢትዮጵያዊያን እኛ እንጂ ሌሎች አይደሉም ብትሉ ኖሮ ትንሽ እውነት ይኖርበት ነበር” ያሉትን መጥቀስ ተገቢ ነው፡፡ የፕሮፌሰር መስፍን አገላለጽ ለዘመናችን ሰው ባይስማማም የታሪክ ሐቅ አለበት፡፡<\/p>\n

====የመንግሥታቱ የቅራኔ አፈታት እንከኖች====<\/p>\n

የኤርትራን ጥያቄ ያወሳሰበው አንዱ ምክንያት መንግሥታቱ ቅራኔዎችን በሰላማዊ መንገድ ለመፍታት አለመከጀላቸው ነው፡፡ ሁሉም ሀገረ ገዥ እና አስተዳዳሪ ጦርኝነትን እንጂ ተስፈኝነትን ሲዘምር አልታየም፡፡ እስቲ ነገሮችን በምሳሌ ላስረዳ፡፡<\/p>\n

ጀብሃ በአንድ ጊዜ ብዙ ተከታዮችን ለማፍራት የቻለው ራስ አስራተ ካሣ በሚያካሄዱት የጭካኔ ዘመቻ የኤርትራ ቆላ ህዝብ በብዛት ወደ ግንባሩ በመጉረፉ ነው፡፡ ራስ አስራተ ከሚወስዱት እርምጃ ሳይታረሙ ተከታታይ ዘመቻዎችን ሲያካሄዱ ደግም ህዝቡ በብዛት ወደ ሱዳን ተሰደደ፡፡ የተቀረው ጀብሃን ተቀላቀለ፡፡ ሻለቃ ዳዊት ወልደጊዮርስ “ሬድ ቲርስ” በተሰኘው መጽሓፋቸው ራስ አስራተ ያዘመቱት ጦር በወሰደው እርምጃ በአንድ ጀንበር ብቻ ከአምስት ሺሕ የማያንስ ህዝብ ማለቁን ያስረዳሉ፡፡<\/p>\n

የደርግ መንግሥት ሲመጣም ችግሩ ተባባሰ እንጂ አልተቃለለም፡፡ በተለይም ሻዕቢያ ተከታታይ ድል በሚቀዳጅባቸው የመጨረሻዎቹ ዓመታት ሺዎች በታንክና በመድፍ አልቀዋል፡፡ ለምሳሌም በዓለም የመገናኛ ብዙሃን ሰፊ የመነጋገሪያ አጀንዳ ለመሆን የበቃውንና በ1980 በቀይ ባህር ዳርቻ ባለችው የሸዒብ ከተማ ህዝብ ላይ የደረሰውን ፍጅት መጥቀስ ይቻላል፡፡<\/p>\n

እነዚህ መንግሥታት የኤርትራን ችግር በሰላም ለመፍታት የወሰዷቸው እርምጃዎች ኢሚንት ናቸው፡፡ ራስ አስራተና የአሜሪካ ሚሊታሪ አዛዦች በአጼ ኃይለ ሥላሤ ጠያቂነት የተቋቋመውን የሰላም ኮሚቴ በመጥለፍ ጀብሃና ሻዕቢያ እንዲጨራረሱ ለማድረግ ሞከሩ፡፡ የደርግ መንግሥት ደግሞ አብዛኛው ኢትዮጵያዊ የክፍለ ሀገሩን ችግር በሰላም ለመፍታት ያግዛሉ በማለት ተስፋ ያሳደረባቸውን ጄኔራል አማን አንዶምን አስገደለ፡፡ እንዲህ ማድረጋቸው ሳያንስ በጄኔራል አማን ላይ ተከታታይ የቅጥፈት ወሬ ማስወራት! ያሳዝናል፡፡<\/p>\n

ደርጎች እስከዛሬ ድረስ “ጀኔራል አማን የተገደሉት ወንበዴዎቹ ኤርትራን እንዲገነጥሉ ሁኔታዎችን ማመቻቸታቸው ስለተደረሰበት በዚህ አኩርፈው ቤታቸው ውስጥ ስለመሸጉ ነው” ይላሉ፡፡ በደርግ ወገን ሆነው የጻፈ የትኛውም ሰው ይህችን ቃል ይደጋግማል፡፡ ይሁንና ለህሊናቸው ታማኝ የሆኑት ፕሮፌሰር መስፍን ወልደማሪያም “በጄኔራል አማን ላይ የተደረገው ቅጥፈት እጅግ በጣማ ያሳዝናል፤ ጄኔራል አማን ኤርትራ ከኢትዮጵያ እንዳትገነጠል ተገቢውን ጥረት ያደረጉ ኩሩ ኢትዮጵያዊ ናቸው” በማለት ምስክርነታቸውን ሰጥተዋል (የክህደት ቁልቁለት የተሰኘውን መጽሐፍ አንብቡ)፡፡ ጄኔራል ጃጋማ ኬሎም በሰጡት የምስክርነት ቃል ይህንኑ አረጋግጠዋል፡፡<\/p>\n

የደርግ መንግሥት የሚወስዳቸው እርምጃዎች የኤርትራ ጥያቄ እጅግ በጣም የተወሳሰበ እንዲሆን ነው ያደረጉት፡፡ ደርግ በመውደቂያው ሰሞን ከሻዕቢያ ጋር ንግግር ለማድረግ መሞከሩ ሚዛን የሚደፋ ዜና ለመሆን ያልቻለው ወርቃማው እድል ካመለጠ በኋላ የተመዘዘ ካርድ ስለሆነ ነው፡፡<\/p>\n

ከደርግ ቀጥሎ የመጣው ህወሐት ለኤርትራ ጥያቄ እውቅና መስጠቱ የሚያስወድሰው ነው፡፡ ነገር ግን ከኤርትራዊው አጋር ድርጅቱ (ሻዕቢያ) ጋር ወደፊት አብሮ መኖር ስለሚቻልበት ሁኔታ በመነጋገር የኢትዮጵያን ጥቅም የሚያሰፋበትን ሁኔታ መቀየስ ሲገባው “የኤርትራ ጥያቄ የቅኝ ግዛት ጥያቄ ነው” የሚል ግትር አቋም የሚያራምድ ሆኖ ተገኘና ህዝቡን አስቀየመ፡፡ በተጨማሪም የኤርትራ ሪፈረንደም በተካሄደበት ወቅት ውሳኔውን የሚያጸድቅበት “ማንዴት” ከህዝብ ያልተሰጠው የሽግግር ጊዜ መንግሥት ይዞ ውሳኔውን በማጽደቁ የህዝቡን ልብ ሰበረው፡፡ ለዚህችው ብቻ ሲታገል የኖረ አስመሰለበት፡፡
——–
ከላይ እንደለገጽኩት የኤርትራ ጥያቄ አግባብነት የነበረው ጥያቄ ነው፡፡ መንግሥታቱ ግን በተገቢው መንገድ አላስተናገዱትም፡፡ ኃይለ ሥላሤና ደርግ በጀብደኝነት ጥያቄውን ረገጡት፡፡ ይህኛው መንግሥት ደግሞ ከህዝብ ስል&<\/p>\n

Read more ›<\/a><\/div>\n

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