{"id":146491,"date":"2014-01-31T01:31:00","date_gmt":"2014-01-31T06:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mereja.com\/amharic\/?guid=0460556c831fd767def967da2b30aa09"},"modified":"2014-01-31T01:31:00","modified_gmt":"2014-01-31T06:31:00","slug":"%e1%8b%b4%e1%88%9e%e1%8a%ad%e1%88%ab%e1%88%b2%e1%8d%a3-%e1%88%8d%e1%88%9b%e1%89%b3%e1%8b%8a-%e1%88%98%e1%8a%95%e1%8c%8d%e1%88%a5%e1%89%b5%e1%8a%93-%e1%88%98%e1%8c%88%e1%8a%93%e1%8a%9b-%e1%89%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/146491","title":{"rendered":"\u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u1363 \u120d\u121b\u1273\u12ca \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275\u1293 \u1218\u1308\u1293\u129b \u1265\u12d9\u1283\u1295 (\u12e8\u1232\u121d\u1356\u12da\u12e8\u1219 \u12a0\u12eb\u12ce)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u12a8\u1218\u1210\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u1300\u121d\u122d\u1364 \u12f6\/\u122d \u12eb\u12d5\u1246\u1265 \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12a5\u12e8\u1320\u12e8\u1241 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u2039\u2039\u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1208\u1218\u1273\u12f0\u120d \u1206\u1296 \u12a8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u121b\u1323\u1245\u1230\u12cd \u1355\u122c\u12da\u12f0\u1295\u1275 \u1296\u122e \u12a0\u12eb\u12cd\u1245\u121d\u203a\u203a \u12a0\u1209\u1364 \u12a8\u12a5\u122d\u1233\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u1265\u12d9\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1240\u12f5\u121e\u12cd \u1320\u1245\u120b\u12ed \u121a\u1292\u1235\u1275\u122d \u1218\u1208\u1235 \u12dc\u1293\u12ca\u1295 \u12a5\u12eb\u1323\u1240\u1231 \u1235\u1208\u1290\u1260\u122d \u12a0\u1263\u1263\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u1348\u1308\u130d \u12eb\u1230\u129b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1232\u1240\u1325\u1209 \u2039\u2039\u12e8\u1240\u12f5\u121e\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u121c\u122a\u12ab \u1355\u122c\u12da\u12f0\u1295\u1275 \u1229\u12dd\u126c\u120d\u1275 \u12a8\u1290\u133b \u1355\u122c\u1235 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a8\u1290\u133b \u121d\u122d\u132b \u12a0\u1295\u12f1\u1295 \u121d\u1228\u1321 \u1262\u1263\u1209 \u12e8\u1271\u1295 \u12ed\u1218\u122d\u1323\u1209 \u1232\u1263\u1209 \u2039I will take my chances with free press\u203a \u12a0\u1209\u203a\u203a \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u1235\u1273\u12c8\u1235 \u12e8\u1290\u133b \u1355\u122c\u1235 \u12c8\u1233\u129d\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u12a0\u1233\u1230\u1260\u12cd \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12eb\u12e8\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1230\u1321\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u12cd \u1263\u1208\u1348\u12cd \u1245\u12f3\u121c (\u1325\u122d 17\/2006) \u1260\u12a2\u1295\u1270\u122d \u12ae\u1295\u1275\u1294\u1295\u1273\u120d \u1206\u1274\u120d \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u12e9\u1295\u1268\u122d\u1235\u1272 \u12e8\u130b\u12dc\u1320\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u1275\/\u1264\u1275 \u12e8\u12f5\u1285\u1228 \u121d\u1228\u1243 \u1270\u121b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12eb\u12d8\u130b\u1301\u1275 \u1232\u121d\u1356\u12da\u12e8\u121d \u120b\u12ed \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1232\u121d\u1356\u12da\u12e8\u1219 \u12e8\u1270\u12d8\u130b\u1300\u12cd \u2039\u2039\u12e8\u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u12eb\u12ca \u120d\u121b\u1273\u12ca \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u1218\u1308\u1293\u129b \u1265\u12d9\u1283\u1295 \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 (Nexus)\u203a\u203a \u1260\u121a\u120d \u122d\u12d5\u1235 \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u12c8\u12eb\u12eb \u133d\u1211\u134d \u12a0\u1245\u122b\u1262\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u1273\u12f3\u121a\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1283\u120b\u134a\u12ce\u127d\u1363 \u12e8\u1270\u1243\u12cb\u121a \u1353\u122d\u1272 \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275\u1363 \u12e8\u130d\u120d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u121a\u12f2\u12eb \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u1270\u1308\u129d\u1270\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u133d\u1211\u134d \u12a0\u1245\u122b\u1262\u12ce\u1279 \u12e8\u130b\u12dc\u1320\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u1275\/\u1264\u1271 \u1283\u120b\u134a \u12f6\/\u122d \u12a0\u1265\u12f2\u1233 \u12d8\u122d\u12a3\u12ed\u1363 \u12e8\u134b\u1293 \u1265\u122e\u12f5\u12ab\u1235\u1272\u1295\u130d \u12ae\u122d\u1356\u122c\u1275 \u12a0.\u121b. \u12cb\u1293 \u1225\u122b \u12a0\u1235\u12aa\u12eb\u1305 \u12a0\u1276 \u12c8\u120d\u12f1 \u12ed\u1218\u1230\u120d\u1363 \u12e8\u12a2\u12f4\u1353 \u12e8\u1240\u12f5\u121e \u1355\u122c\u12da\u12f0\u1295\u1275 \u12a0\u1276 \u1219\u123c \u1230\u1219\u1363 \u12e8\u1215\u12f3\u1234\u12cd \u130d\u12f5\u1265 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u1263\u1263\u122a \u12ae\u121a\u1274 \u121d\/\u12cb\u1293 \u12f3\u12ed\u122c\u12ad\u1270\u122d \u12a0\u1276 \u12db\u12f2\u1245 \u12a3\u1265\u122d\u1203 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u134e\u122d\u1279\u1295 \u130b\u12dc\u1323 \u12e8\u130b\u122b \u1263\u1208\u1264\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12cb\u1293 \u12a0\u12d8\u130b\u1305 \u1273\u121d\u122b\u1275 \u1308\/\u130a\u12ee\u122d\u130a\u1235 \u1290\u1260\u1229\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12e8\u1355\u122e\u130d\u122b\u1219 \u1273\u12f3\u121a \u12a8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a5\u1290 \u12f6\/\u122d \u12f3\u129b\u1278\u12cd\u1363 \u12a0\u1266\u12ed \u1235\u1265\u1213\u1275\u1363 \u123d\u1218\u120d\u1235 \u12a8\u121b\u120d\u1363 \u12f6\/\u122d \u1290\u130b\u1236 \u130a\u12f3\u12f3\u1363 \u12e8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u1290\u1275 \u1353\u122d\u1272\u12cd \u1200\u1265\u1273\u1219 \u12a0\u12eb\u120c\u12cd \u12a5\u1293 \u121a\u121a \u1235\u1265\u1213\u1271\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u1233\u1230\u1209 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u12ed\u1320\u1240\u1233\u1209\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12e8\u1232\u121d\u1356\u12da\u12e8\u1219 \u134b\u12ed\u12f3<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12f6\/\u122d \u12a0\u1265\u12f2\u1233 \u12d8\u122d\u12a3\u12ed \u1260\u1218\u130d\u1262\u12eb \u1295\u130d\u130d\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u120b\u12ed \u2039\u2039\u12e8\u12dd\u1206\u1291\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1226\u1235\u1271\u1295 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1235\u12cd\u122b\u1295 \u1273\u122a\u12ad\u203a\u203a \u12a0\u1323\u1245\u1230\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u12a5\u130d\u1229\u1295 \u12f3\u1265\u1236 \u12dd\u1206\u1295 \u12a0\u132d\u122d \u1240\u132d\u1295 \u1290\u12cd \u1232\u120d\u1363 \u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u12a9\u121d\u1262\u12cd\u1295 \u12f3\u1265\u1236 \u12dd\u1206\u1295 \u1228\u12e5\u121d \u1240\u132d\u1295 \u1290\u12cd \u1232\u120d\u1363 \u1226\u1235\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1206\u12f1\u1295 \u12f3\u1265\u1236 \u12c8\u134d\u122b\u121d \u12f5\u1265\u120d\u1265\u120d \u1290\u12cd \u1232\u120d \u1201\u1209\u121d \u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u1208\u129b\u12cd\u1295 \u12dd\u1206\u1295 \u1233\u12ed\u1228\u12f1 \u1240\u1229 \u12ab\u1209 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12e8\u120c\u120b \u1230\u12cd \u12a0\u1263\u1263\u120d \u1270\u12cd\u1230\u12cd \u2039\u2039\u1235\u1295\u1270\u1263\u1260\u122d \u1219\u1209\u12cd\u1295 \u12dd\u1206\u1295 \u12a5\u1293\u12eb\u1208\u1295\u203a\u203a \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u1232\u121d\u1356\u12da\u12e8\u1219\u1295 \u134b\u12ed\u12f3 \u1208\u121b\u1235\u1228\u12f3\u1275 \u121e\u12ad\u1228\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u1265\u12d9 \u12e8\u1232\u121d\u1356\u12da\u12e8\u1219 \u1273\u12f3\u121a\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u12dd\u130d\u1305\u1271 \u12a5\u1293 \u1235\u1265\u1325\u1229 \u1218\u12f0\u1230\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1270\u1293\u130d\u1228\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12f6\/\u122d \u12f3\u129b\u1278\u12cd\u121d \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1291 \u1219\u12a8\u122b \u12a0\u12c8\u12f5\u1230\u12cd \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12e8\u1235\u1265\u1325\u1229\u1295 \u1295\u1345\u1345\u122d \u1232\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1271 \u12e8\u12a0\u1208\u1243 \u12f0\u1235\u1273 \u12a0\u1263\u1275 \u1290\u1308\u12ce \u12e8\u1270\u1293\u1308\u1229\u1275 \u1275\u12dd \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u1240\u120d\u12f5 \u12a0\u12cd\u1235\u1270\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1276 \u1290\u1308\u12ce \u12e8\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1240\u12f3\u121b\u12ca \u1283\u12ed\u1208 \u1225\u120b\u1234 \u121d\u12ad\u122d \u1264\u1275 \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1271 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u2039\u2039\u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u12ad\u1229 \u1293\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u12a8\u122d\u1263\u1278\u12cd?\u203a\u203a \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u1320\u12ed\u1240\u12cd \u1290\u1260\u122d \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u120d\u121b\u1273\u12ca \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u1364 \u121d\u1295\u1293 \u121d\u1295 \u1293\u1278\u12cd?<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n

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\u12f6\/\u122d \u12a0\u1265\u12f2\u1233 \u2039\u2039\u121a\u12f2\u12eb \u1260\u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u12eb\u12ca \u120d\u121b\u1273\u12ca \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275\u1364 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1323\u1323 (quandary)\u203a\u203a \u1260\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1218\u12c8\u12eb\u12eb \u133d\u1211\u134b\u1278\u12cd \u120d\u121b\u1273\u12ca \u12a0\u1308\u1228-\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 (developmental state) \u12a5\u1293 \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232 \u2039\u2039\u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u12f0\u1218\u1229\u203a\u203a \u12d8\u12ed\u1275\u1293 \u12cd\u1283 \u1293\u1278\u12cd \u1265\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121d\u1233\u120c\u121d \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1226\u1235\u1275 \u12ad\u120d\u120e\u127d \u1260\u1270\u1243\u12cb\u121a\u12ce\u127d \u1262\u12eb\u12d9 \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120b\u12ca\u12cd \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u120d\u121b\u1273\u12ca \u1290\u129d \u12a5\u12eb\u1208 \u12a5\u1295\u12f4\u1275 \u12a0\u1265\u1228\u12cd \u12ed\u1220\u122b\u1209 \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12a0\u1295\u1235\u1270\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u120d\u1241\u1295\u121d\u1363 \u1265\u1214\u122b\u12ca \u1235\u121d\u121d\u1290\u1275 (consensus) \u120b\u12ed \u12f0\u122d\u1230\u1295 \u121b\u1235\u12ac\u12f5 \u1290\u12cd \u12eb\u1208\u1265\u1295 \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214 \u1265\u1324 \u1320\u1241\u1218\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12a8\u12f6\/\u122d \u12a0\u1265\u12f2\u1233\u130b \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1218\u12f5\u1228\u12ad \u12e8\u12c8\u1321\u1275 \u12a0\u1276 \u12c8\u120d\u12f1 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a8\u122b\u1233\u1278\u12cd\u130b \u12e8\u1270\u1323\u1209 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1218\u1235\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1218\u12c8\u12eb\u12eb \u133d\u1211\u134d \u12a0\u1245\u122d\u1260\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1276 \u12c8\u120d\u12f1 \u12ae\u122d\u12eb \u12a5\u1293 \u1273\u12ed\u12cb\u1295\u1295 \u12a5\u12f0\u121d\u1233\u120c \u1320\u1245\u1230\u12cd \u121a\u12f2\u12eb\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1260\u1208\u1340\u1308\u12cd \u120d\u121b\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1328\u122d\u1230\u12cd \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u12eb\u12ca \u1232\u1206\u1291 \u1218\u1206\u1291\u1295 \u1308\u120d\u1340\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1215\u1295\u12f5\u1295\u121d \u1260\u1270\u1243\u122b\u1292\u12cd \u1345\u1295\u134d \u1260\u121b\u1235\u1240\u1218\u1325\u1363 \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u12eb\u12ca \u121a\u12f2\u12eb \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u120b\u1275 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u120d\u121b\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0\u128b\u120b \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1240\u1228\u127d \u12a8\u1290\u1308\u1229\u1295 \u1260\u128b\u120b\u2026 \u12a8\u1201\u1208\u1271 \u121d\u1233\u120c\u12eb\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u1270\u1243\u122b\u1292 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u130d\u1295 \u2039\u2039\u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u12cd\u121d\u1363 \u120d\u121b\u1271\u121d \u130e\u1295 \u1208\u130e\u1295 (parallel) \u1218\u1204\u12f5 \u1290\u12cd \u12eb\u1208\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u203a\u203a \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u12f0\u121d\u12f5\u1218\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f4\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u1293\u1308\u122d \u1348\u1295\u1273 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0[\u120c\u120e\u127d] \u12e8\u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u1263\u1208\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1293\u1275 \u1201\u1209 \u2039\u120d\u121b\u1275 \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u12cd \u12ab\u120d\u1273\u1348\u1290 \u12a0\u12ed\u1218\u1323\u121d\u203a \u12ab\u1209 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12a5\u129b \u130d\u1295 (\u1260\u121d\u1275\u1200\u1275 \u12ed\u1206\u1295?) \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u121d \u12a0\u1265\u1228\u1295 \u12a5\u1293\u1235\u12ac\u12f3\u1208\u1295 \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u1295 \u1260\u1243\u120d \u12a0\u1323\u1245\u1230\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12a0\u1266\u12ed \u1235\u1265\u1213\u1275 \u1260\u1273\u12f3\u121a \u1218\u1265\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1363 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u1218\u12f0\u12cd \u12e8\u1348\u122b\u1305\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u12a0\u1290\u130b\u1308\u122d \u12d8\u12ec\u12eb\u1278\u12cd \u2039\u2039\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u120d\u121b\u1275 \u12eb\u1208\u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u1363 \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u121d \u12eb\u1208\u120d\u121b\u1275 \u12a0\u12ed\u1296\u1229\u121d\u203a\u203a \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1270\u1293\u130d\u1228\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u130d\u1228 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f3\u1278\u12cd\u1295\u121d \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u1293 \u120d\u121b\u1275 \u12a0\u1265\u1228\u12cd \u12a0\u12ed\u1204\u12f1\u121d \u1208\u121a\u1209\u1275 \u121b\u1235\u1270\u1263\u1260\u12eb \u2039\u2039\u12a0\u121c\u122a\u12ab \u12e8\u12d3\u1208\u121b\u127d\u1295 \u2039most developmental state\u203a \u1293\u1275\u203a\u203a \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1270\u1293\u130d\u1228\u12cb\u120d\u1364 \u1308\u1260\u12eb\u12cd\u1295 (\u1232\u12a8\u1235\u122d) \u12a5\u1293 \u130d\u1265\u122d\u1293\u12cd\u1295 \u1275\u12f0\u1309\u121b\u1208\u127d \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1276 \u1219\u123c \u1230\u1219\u121d \u12a8\u1230\u12d3\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u1263\u1240\u1228\u1261\u1275 \u12e8\u1218\u12c8\u12eb\u12eb \u133d\u1211\u134b\u1278\u12cd \u2039\u2039\u1260\u1345\u1295\u1230-\u1210\u1233\u1265 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u120d\u121b\u1273\u12ca \u12eb\u120d\u1206\u1290 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12e8\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed \u12eb\u1295\u12f5 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1218\u1208\u12eb \u1270\u12f0\u122d\u130e \u120a\u1240\u122d\u1265 \u12a0\u12ed\u1308\u1263\u121d \u1263\u12ed \u1290\u129d\u203a\u203a \u1265\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12a0\u1276 \u12db\u12f4\u1245 \u1260\u12d5\u1208\u1271 \u1240\u1323\u12e9 \u12e8\u1215\u12c8\u1213\u1275 \u122d\u12d5\u12ee\u1270 \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u1230\u1263\u12aa \u1218\u1206\u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1233\u1265\u1245 \u121a\u1293 \u1270\u132b\u12cd\u1270\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u1218\u1321\u1275 \u1260\u1320\u12cb\u1271 \u12cd\u12ed\u12ed\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12eb\u12e8\u1275 \u1232\u1230\u1321 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12ae\u122d\u12eb \u12a5\u1293 \u1273\u12ed\u12cb\u1295 \u1260\u1230\u121c\u1295 \u12ae\u122d\u12eb \u12a5\u1293 \u127b\u12ed\u1293 \u12e8\u1218\u12cb\u1325 \u1235\u130b\u1275 \u1235\u1208\u1290\u1260\u1228\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u2018authoritarian\u2019\u1290\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u120d\u121b\u1275 \u1235\u121d \u121b\u1235\u1240\u12f0\u121b\u1278\u12cd\u1295\u1363 \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u12eb\u12ca \u12e8\u1218\u1206\u1295 \u134d\u120b\u130e\u1275 \u12eb\u120d\u1290\u1260\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u1218\u1206\u1291\u1295 \u1308\u120d\u1340\u12cd \u1208\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u130d\u1295 \u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u1220\u122b \u1218\u1206\u1291\u1295 \u2039\u2039There is no condition or will to be undemocratic for EPRDF\u203a\u203a \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12eb\u12e8\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1230\u1325\u1270\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u1260\u12da\u1205 \u12ad\u122d\u12ad\u122d \u1218\u1210\u120d \u12a5\u12da\u12eb\u12cd \u1235\u1265\u1230\u1263 \u120b\u12ed \u1260\u1200\u1265\u1273\u1219 \u12a0\u12eb\u120c\u12cd \u2039\u2039\u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u1232\u12eb\u1235\u1290\u1325\u1230\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1208\u1245\u1231\u2026\u203a\u203a \u1270\u1265\u120b \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u1240\u1230\u127d\u12cd \u130b\u12dc\u1320\u129b \u121a\u121a \u1235\u1265\u1213\u1271 \u130d\u1295 \u12eb\u1235\u1328\u1290\u1243\u1275 \u130b\u12dc\u1320\u129e\u127d \u1201\u1209 \u120d\u121b\u1273\u12ca \u1218\u1206\u1295 \u1232\u1296\u122d\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u1325\u1242\u1276\u127d \u2039\u2039\u120d\u121b\u1273\u12ca\u203a\u203a \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1245\u1345\u120d \u1235\u1208\u121d\u1295 \u12ed\u1230\u1323\u1278\u12cb\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1245\u1345\u120d \u1218\u1230\u1320\u1275 \u12ab\u1208\u1260\u1275 \u1208\u120c\u120e\u1279 \u2039\u1273\u1265\u120e\u12ed\u12f5\u1363 \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u12a0\u12ad\u1272\u126a\u1235\u1275\u1363\u2026\u203a \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1208 \u12ed\u1230\u1323\u1278\u12cd \u1263\u12ed \u1293\u1275 – \u121a\u121a\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u120d\u121b\u1273\u12ca \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u1232\u1270\u1290\u1270\u1291<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u1260\u12a0\u1276 \u1219\u123c \u12a5\u1293 \u12db\u12f2\u1245 \u120d\u121b\u1273\u12ca \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u1270\u1290\u1270\u1291\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u12a8\u1230\u12d3\u1271 \u12cd\u12ed\u12ed\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1228\u1348\u127d\u12cd \u1203\u12eb \u12f0\u1242\u1243 \u1208\u130b\u12dc\u1320\u129b \u1273\u121d\u122b\u1275 \u1308\/\u130a\u12ee\u122d\u130a\u1235 \u1270\u1325\u120b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1276 \u1219\u123c \u120d\u121b\u1273\u12ca \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u1275\u1295 structuralized \u12a5\u1293 institutionalized \u1260\u121a\u120d \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1275 \u12a8\u12a8\u1348\u120f\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12e8\u129b\u12ce\u1279\u1295 \u12ed\u1260\u120d\u1325 \u12a0\u121d\u1263\u1308\u1290\u1295 \u12c8\u12f3\u120f\u1278\u12cd structuralist \u121d\u12f5\u1265 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a8\u1270\u1277\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205\u129e\u1279 \u12e8\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1200\u1265\u1275 \u121b\u1295\u1240\u1233\u1240\u1235 \u1235\u1208\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u130b\u1278\u12cd \u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u120b\u12ed \u1208\u1228\u12e5\u121d \u130a\u12dc \u1218\u1246\u12e8\u1275 \u12ed\u1348\u120d\u130b\u1209\u1364 \u1260\u12da\u1205\u121d authoritarian (\u1320\u1245\u120b\u12ed \u1308\u12e2\u12ce\u127d) \u12ed\u1206\u1293\u1209 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121b\u1208\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12a0\u1276 \u1219\u123c \u2039\u2039\u120d\u121b\u1273\u12ca \u1208\u1218\u1206\u1295 \u1218\u1348\u1208\u130d \u12a5\u1293 \u120d\u121b\u1273\u12ca \u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1364 \u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u12a823 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1260\u128b\u120b [\u1260\u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232 \u130e\u12f3\u1293] 23 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0\u128b\u120b \u1270\u1218\u120d\u1237\u120d\u1361\u1361\u203a\u203a<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12a0\u1276 \u12db\u12f4\u1245 \u120850 \u12f0\u1242\u1243 \u12eb\u12ad\u120d \u1235\u1208\u120d\u121b\u1273\u12ca \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u12eb\u12ca \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 5 \u12f0\u1242\u1243 \u1235\u1208\u120d\u121b\u1273\u12ca \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u12eb\u12ca \u130b\u12dc\u1320\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u1218\u12c8\u12eb\u12eb \u133d\u1211\u134d \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u121b\u1265\u122b\u122a\u12eb \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u1235\u120d \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u1245\u122d\u1260\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1276 \u12db\u12f4\u1245\u1363 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1325\u12eb\u1244\u12ce\u127d 1\u129b. \u12e8\u1220\u120b\u121d\u1363 2\u129b. \u12e8\u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232 \u12a5\u1293 3\u129b. \u12e8\u120d\u121b\u1275 \u1293\u1278\u12cd \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205\u1295 \u1325\u12eb\u1244\u12ce\u127d \u1208\u1218\u1218\u1208\u1235 \u12e8\u12d5\u12dd \u12a2\u12ae\u1296\u121a \u1235\u1208\u121b\u12eb\u12cb\u1323 \u12e8\u1290\u133b \u1308\u1260\u12eb \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1218\u1218\u1228\u1321\u1295 \u1270\u1293\u130d\u1228\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12e8\u1290\u133b \u1308\u1260\u12eb \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1276\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1308\u1260\u12eb\u12cd\u1295 \u1208\u1263\u1208\u1200\u1265\u1271 \u1262\u1270\u12cd\u1363 \u1263\u1208\u1200\u1265\u1271 \u12a0\u1245\u121d \u1235\u1208\u120c\u1208\u12cd – \u120a\u1260\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121d \u12a0\u12ed\u1206\u1295\u121d\u1364 \u1263\u1208\u1200\u1265\u1271 \u120b\u12ed \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1273\u12ad\u1235 \u1260\u1218\u1323\u120d \u1200\u1265\u1275 \u1208\u121b\u12a8\u134b\u1348\u120d \u1262\u121e\u12a8\u122d \u12eb\u120d\u1260\u1208\u1340\u1308\u12cd\u1295 \u1263\u1208\u1200\u1265\u1275 \u1260\u12a5\u1295\u132d\u1329 \u121b\u1235\u1240\u1228\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u1270\u1235\u134b \u121b\u1233\u1323\u1275 \u1235\u1208\u121a\u1206\u1295-  <\/span>\u1236\u123b\u120d \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u121d \u12a0\u12ed\u1206\u1295\u121d\u1364 \u1245\u1325 \u12eb\u1323 \u12c8\u132a (mindless consumption) \u12a5\u1293 \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u1295 \u12e8\u120d\u1212\u1243 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u1265\u127b (depoliticization of the mass) \u1235\u1208\u121a\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u130d – \u1292\u12ee\u120a\u1260\u122b\u120a\u12dd\u121d \u12a0\u12ed\u1206\u1295\u121d \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u1226\u1235\u1271\u1295\u121d \u12cd\u12f5\u1245 \u12ab\u12f0\u1228\u1313\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u128b\u120b<\/span>\u1365<\/span> \u12a8\u120c\u120e\u127d \u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u123b\u1208 \u1218\u1208\u1235 \u12dc\u1293\u12ca \u1270\u1295\u1275\u1290\u12cd\u1273\u120d \u12eb\u1209\u1275\u1295 \u2039\u2039\u120d\u121b\u1273\u12ca \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u203a\u203a\u1295 \u1265\u127b \u1226\u1235\u1271\u1295\u121d \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1325\u12eb\u1244\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u1218\u1208\u1235 \u12e8\u121a\u127d\u120d \u12e8\u1290\u133b \u1308\u1260\u12eb \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275\u203a\u203a \u1290\u12cd \u1265\u1208\u12cd\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 <\/span><\/div>\n
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\u120d\u121b\u1273\u12ca \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232 \u2018abolition of non-market coercion\u2019 (\u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c\u1363 \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u1260\u134a\u12cd\u12f3\u1209 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u12eb\u12dd) \u12a5\u1293 \u2018pragmatic nationalism\u2019 (\u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1265\u12dd\u1283\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u12eb\u12ab\u1270\u1270 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12ca\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u1308\u1295\u1263\u1275 \u1208\u1226\u1235\u1271\u121d)  <\/span>\u1325\u12eb\u1244\u12ce\u127d \u1201\u1290\u129b \u1218\u120d\u1235 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1230\u1325 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u2039\u12aa\u122b\u12ed \u1230\u1265\u1233\u1262\u1290\u1275\u203a \u1275\u120d\u1241 \u1348\u1270\u1293\u12cd \u1218\u1206\u1291\u1295 \u1308\u120d\u1338\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed \u130d\u1295 \u2039\u2039\u1218\u121b\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u127b\u127d\u1295 \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u12eb\u12ca \u12eb\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u12ae\u122d\u12eb\u1293 \u1273\u12ed\u12cb\u1295 \u1218\u1206\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u120c\u120b\u129b\u12cd \u1348\u1270\u1293\u127d\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u203a\u203a \u12eb\u1209\u1275 \u12a0\u1276 \u12db\u12f4\u1245 \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u1293 \u120d\u121b\u1273\u12ca\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f4\u1275 \u12a0\u1265\u1228\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1204\u12f1 \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u130d\u120d\u133d \u1233\u12ed\u1290\u130d\u1229\u1295 \u1240\u122d\u1270\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u120d\u121b\u1273\u12ca \u1218\u1308\u1293\u129b \u1265\u12d9\u1283\u1295?<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u2039\u2039\u120d\u121b\u1273\u12ca \u12e8\u1325\u122d\u1235 \u1210\u12aa\u121d \u12a0\u120b\u12cd\u1245\u121d\u203a\u203a \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1325\u1293\u1275 \u12eb\u1240\u1228\u1260\u12cd \u130b\u12dc\u1320\u129b \u1273\u121d\u122b\u1275 \u2039\u2039\u120d\u121b\u1273\u12ca \u130b\u12dc\u1320\u129d\u1290\u1275\u203a\u203a \u1265\u120e \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1218\u1296\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u120c\u1208\u1260\u1275\u121d \u1270\u12a8\u122b\u12ad\u122f\u120d\u1364 \u1208\u1273\u121d\u122b\u1275 \u12e8\u1232\u121d\u1356\u12da\u12e8\u1219\u1295 \u1328\u121d\u122e \u12e8\u120c\u120e\u127d\u121d \u2039\u2039\u1260\u2026ism\u203a\u203a \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u120d\u1241 \u122d\u12d5\u12ee\u1270 \u12d3\u1208\u121e\u127d \u121d\u129e\u1275 \u130b\u12dc\u1320\u129e\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u122b\u1233\u1278\u12cd \u130e\u122b \u121b\u1230\u1208\u134d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a2\u1274\u126a\u12cd \u12d8\u122a\u1201\u1295 \u12ab\u1223 \u1260\u1260\u12a9\u1209 \u2039\u2039\u12ab\u1295\u12f1 \u130e\u122b \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u1230\u1208\u1348 \u130b\u12dc\u1320\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12a8\u1293\u12ab\u1274\u12cd \u12a0\u1208 \u12c8\u12ed?\u203a\u203a \u1265\u120e \u1218\u120d\u1235 \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u1235\u120d \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u1320\u12ed\u124b\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u1273\u121d\u122b\u1275 \u1208\u121b\u1295\u121d \u12a0\u1208\u1218\u1230\u1208\u134d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1232\u1308\u120d\u133d \u2039\u2039media should report without fear of state or favor of invested interest\u203a\u203a \u1265\u120f\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u1260\u1290\u133b \u121a\u12f2\u12eb \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u120b\u130a\u1290\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u1276 \u12db\u12f2\u1245\u121d \u12ed\u1235\u121b\u121b\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u1218\u1228\u1303 \u1308\u1260\u12eb \u12a5\u1325\u1228\u1275 \u1235\u120b\u1208\u1293 \u1218\u1228\u1303 \u1260\u1325\u1245\u121d (patronage) \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u129d \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291 \u120d\u1273\u12ca \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u12eb\u12ca \u121a\u12f2\u12eb \u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u130b\u120d \u1263\u12ed \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1276 \u1219\u123c \u1230\u1219 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u2039\u2039\u1260\u1326\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1238\u1290\u1348 \u1283\u12ed\u120d \u1260\u1225\u1290 \u133d\u1211\u134d \u12ed\u1218\u1323\u120d\u203a\u203a \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u12a0\u1263\u1263\u120d \u12a0\u1323\u1245\u1230\u12cd \u12e8\u12f0\u122d\u130d \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u12c8\u12f0\u121a\u12f2\u12eb\u12cd \u1218\u130d\u1263\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a0\u12ed\u1276 \u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u12e8\u130d\u120d \u121a\u12f2\u12eb\u12cd\u1295 \u134a\u1275 \u1290\u1233\u12cd\u1364 \u12e8\u130d\u120d \u121a\u12f2\u12eb\u12cd\u121d \u1260\u121d\u120b\u1239 \u12a8\u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u1323\u12cd\u1295 \u1201\u1209 \u1260\u1355\u122e\u1353\u130b\u1295\u12f3\u1290\u1275 \u12ed\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1270\u12cd \u1300\u1218\u122d \u1265\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12a0\u1276 \u1219\u123c \u2039\u1290\u133b \u121a\u12f2\u12eb\u12cd \u12e8\u1220\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u1290\u1308\u122e\u127d \u1262\u1296\u1229\u121d \u12c8\u12f0\u1355\u122e\u134c\u123d\u1293\u120d\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u1218\u1323 \u130d\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275\u1293 \u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u1270\u1290\u1323\u1325\u120e \u12a0\u1208\u1218\u1308\u1298\u1275\u203a \u1275\u120d\u1245 \u1348\u1270\u1293 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290\u1260\u1275 \u1308\u120d\u1338\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 <\/span><\/div>\n
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\u1260\u12a5\u12cd\u1290\u1270\u129b \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12e8\u1235\u121d \u121b\u1325\u134b\u1275?<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u130b\u12dc\u1320\u129b \u1273\u121d\u122b\u1275 \u12e8\u12c8\u1295\u1300\u1208\u129b \u1218\u1245\u132b \u1215\u1309 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u133d 40\/3 \u1260\u12a5\u12cd\u1290\u1270\u129b \u1218\u1228\u1303 \u1270\u1218\u1235\u122d\u1276 \u12e8\u1270\u133b\u1348\u121d \u1262\u1206\u1295 \u1235\u121d \u121b\u1325\u134b\u1275 \u120a\u1263\u120d \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1232\u1270\u127d \u12eb\u12f0\u1218\u1321\u1275 \u12e8\u12ae\u1219\u1292\u12ac\u123d\u1295 \u1309\u12f3\u12ee\u127d \u121a\u1292\u1235\u1275\u122d \u12f2\u12a4\u1273 \u12a0\u1276 \u123d\u1218\u120d\u1235 \u12a8\u121b\u120d \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1339\u1295 \u2039\u2039\u1260\u132d\u1295\u1245\u120b\u1275 \u1270\u1241\u121e \u12e8\u1270\u133b\u1348 \u1215\u130d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u203a\u203a \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u1275\u127d\u1271\u1295 \u1270\u1240\u1265\u1208\u12cd\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u12cd\u121d \u130b\u12dc\u1320\u129b \u1260\u12a5\u12cd\u1290\u1270\u129b \u1218\u1228\u1303 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u133b\u1348\u12cd \u1275\u127d\u1275 intention \u1260\u121a\u120d \u1230\u1260\u1265 \u121b\u1235\u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120d \u1235\u1208\u120c\u1208\u1260\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u1240\u1339\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u1235\u1230\u1228\u12dd \u1235\u121d\u121d\u1290\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u1270\u12f0\u122d\u1237\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u12e8\u121d\u1235\u122b\u127d \u1239\u12ad \u1265\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u1232\u121d\u1356\u12da\u12e8\u1219 \u12ed\u12f0\u1308\u121d \u12ed\u1206\u1295?<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

\u1232\u121d\u1356\u12da\u12e8\u1219 \u12a8\u1290\u1309\u12f5\u1208\u1276\u1279\u121d \u1262\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12a0\u1218\u1208\u12ab\u12a8\u1275 \u12a0\u122b\u121b\u1306\u127d \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1218\u12f5\u1228\u12ad \u12e8\u1270\u121f\u1308\u1271\u1260\u1275 \u1218\u120d\u12ab\u121d \u1305\u121d\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1240\u1323\u12ed\u1290\u1271 \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u1240\u1323\u12ee\u1279 \u1270\u1218\u122b\u1242 \u1270\u121b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u121d\u122d\u132b \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u1275\/\u1264\u1271 \u12e8\u1260\u120b\u12ed \u1270\u1246\u132a \u12a2\u1215\u12a0\u12f4\u130d \u1348\u1243\u12f5 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1295\u1320\u1208\u1320\u1208 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 <\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n <\/p>\n
ከመሐል እንጀምር፤ ዶ\/ር ያዕቆብ ጥያቄ እየጠየቁ ነው፡፡ ‹‹እንዳለመታደል ሆኖ ከኢትዮጵያ የማጣቅሰው ፕሬዚደንት ኖሮ አያውቅም›› አሉ፤ ከእርሳቸው በፊት ብዙዎች የቀድሞው ጠቅላይ ሚኒስትር መለስ ዜናዊን እያጣቀሱ ስለነበር አባባላቸው ፈገግ ያሰኛል፡፡ ሲቀጥሉ ‹‹የቀድሞው የአሜሪካ ፕሬዚደንት ሩዝቬልት ከነጻ ፕሬስ እና ከነጻ ምርጫ አንዱን ምረጡ ቢባሉ የቱን ይመርጣሉ ሲባሉ ‹I will take my chances with free press› አሉ›› የሚለውን በማስታወስ የነጻ ፕሬስ ወሳኝነትን አሳሰበው አስተያየታቸውን ሰጡ፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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ይህ የሆነው ባለፈው ቅዳሜ (ጥር 17\/2006) በኢንተር ኮንትኔንታል ሆቴል የአዲስ አበባ ዩንቨርስቲ የጋዜጠኝነት ት\/ቤት የድኅረ ምረቃ ተማሪዎች ያዘጋጁት ሲምፖዚየም ላይ ነው፡፡ ሲምፖዚየሙ የተዘጋጀው ‹‹የዴሞክራሲያዊ ልማታዊ መንግሥት እና መገናኛ ብዙኃን ግንኙነት (Nexus)›› በሚል ርዕስ ሲሆን በመወያያ ጽሑፍ አቅራቢነት እና በታዳሚነት የመንግሥት ኃላፊዎች፣ የተቃዋሚ ፓርቲ አባላት፣ የግል እና የመንግሥት ሚዲያ ሰዎች ተገኝተዋል፡፡ የጽሑፍ አቅራቢዎቹ የጋዜጠኝነት ት\/ቤቱ ኃላፊ ዶ\/ር አብዲሳ ዘርኣይ፣ የፋና ብሮድካስቲንግ ኮርፖሬት አ.ማ. ዋና ሥራ አስኪያጅ አቶ ወልዱ ይመሰል፣ የኢዴፓ የቀድሞ ፕሬዚደንት አቶ ሙሼ ሰሙ፣ የሕዳሴው ግድብ አስተባባሪ ኮሚቴ ም\/ዋና ዳይሬክተር አቶ ዛዲቅ ኣብርሃ እና የፎርቹን ጋዜጣ የጋራ ባለቤት እና ዋና አዘጋጅ ታምራት ገ\/ጊዮርጊስ ነበሩ፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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የፕሮግራሙ ታዳሚ ከነበሩት ውስጥ ደግሞ እነ ዶ\/ር ዳኛቸው፣ አቦይ ስብሓት፣ ሽመልስ ከማል፣ ዶ\/ር ነጋሶ ጊዳዳ፣ የአንድነት ፓርቲው ሀብታሙ አያሌው እና ሚሚ ስብሓቱን የመሳሰሉ ሰዎች ይጠቀሳሉ፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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\nየሲምፖዚየሙ ፋይዳ<\/span><\/b><\/span>\n<\/div>\n
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ዶ\/ር አብዲሳ ዘርኣይ በመግቢያ ንግግራቸው ላይ ‹‹የዝሆኑን እና የሦስቱን ዓይነስውራን ታሪክ›› አጣቅሰዋል፡፡ አንዱ እግሩን ዳብሶ ዝሆን አጭር ቀጭን ነው ሲል፣ ሁለተኛው ኩምቢውን ዳብሶ ዝሆን ረዥም ቀጭን ነው ሲል፣ ሦስተኛው ደግሞ ሆዱን ዳብሶ ወፍራም ድብልብል ነው ሲል ሁሉም ትክክለኛውን ዝሆን ሳይረዱ ቀሩ ካሉ በኋላ የሌላ ሰው አባባል ተውሰው ‹‹ስንተባበር ሙሉውን ዝሆን እናያለን›› ብለው የሲምፖዚየሙን ፋይዳ ለማስረዳት ሞክረዋል፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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ብዙ የሲምፖዚየሙ ታዳሚዎች በዝግጅቱ እና ስብጥሩ መደሰታቸውን ተናግረዋል፡፡ ዶ\/ር ዳኛቸውም ይህንኑ ሙከራ አወድሰው ነገር ግን የስብጥሩን ንፅፅር ሲመለከቱ የአለቃ ደስታ አባት ነገዎ የተናገሩት ትዝ እንዳላቸው በቀልድ አውስተዋል፡፡ አቶ ነገዎ የመጀመሪያዎውን የቀዳማዊ ኃይለ ሥላሴ ምክር ቤት አባላት ከተመለከቱ በኋላ ‹‹እነዚህ ሰዎች የሚመክሩ ናቸው የሚመከርባቸው?›› ብለው ጠይቀው ነበር በማለት፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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ልማታዊ መንግሥት እና ዴሞክራሲ፤ ምንና ምን ናቸው?<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n

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ዶ\/ር አብዲሳ ‹‹ሚዲያ በዴሞክራሲያዊ ልማታዊ መንግሥት፤ የኢትዮጵያ ጣጣ (quandary)›› በሚለው መወያያ ጽሑፋቸው ልማታዊ አገረ-መንግሥት (developmental state) እና ዴሞክራሲ ‹‹የማይደመሩ›› ዘይትና ውኃ ናቸው ብለዋል፡፡ እንደምሳሌም ሁለት ወይም ሦስት ክልሎች በተቃዋሚዎች ቢያዙ ማዕከላዊው መንግሥት ልማታዊ ነኝ እያለ እንዴት አብረው ይሠራሉ የሚል ጥያቄ አንስተዋል፡፡ ይልቁንም፣ ብሔራዊ ስምምነት (consensus) ላይ ደርሰን ማስኬድ ነው ያለብን ብለው መፍትሔ ብጤ ጠቁመዋል፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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ከዶ\/ር አብዲሳጋ በአንድ መድረክ የወጡት አቶ ወልዱ ደግሞ ከራሳቸውጋ የተጣሉ የሚያስመስላቸውን መወያያ ጽሑፍ አቅርበዋል፡፡ አቶ ወልዱ ኮርያ እና ታይዋንን እደምሳሌ ጠቅሰው ሚዲያቸው የበለፀገው ልማታቸውን ጨርሰው ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሲሆኑ መሆኑን ገልፀዋል፡፡ ሕንድንም በተቃራኒው ፅንፍ በማስቀመጥ፣ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሚዲያ እንዳላት ነገር ግን በልማት ወደኋላ እንደቀረች ከነገሩን በኋላ… ከሁለቱ ምሳሌያቸው በተቃራኒ በኢትዮጵያ ግን ‹‹ዴሞክራሲውም፣ ልማቱም ጎን ለጎን (parallel) መሄድ ነው ያለባቸው›› ብለው ደምድመዋል፡፡ እንዴት የሚለውን በመናገር ፈንታ እንደ[ሌሎች] የኢሕአዴግ ባለሥልጣናት ሁሉ ‹ልማት ዴሞክራሲው ካልታፈነ አይመጣም› ካሉ በኋላ እኛ ግን (በምትሀት ይሆን?) ዴሞክራሲም አብረን እናስኬዳለን ብለው ዴሞክራሲን በቃል አጣቅሰዋል፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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አቦይ ስብሓት በታዳሚ መብታቸው፣ ነገር ግን በተለመደው የፈራጅነት የአነጋገር ዘዬያቸው ‹‹ኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ ልማት ያለዴሞክራሲ፣ ዴሞክራሲም ያለልማት አይኖሩም›› በማለት ተናግረዋል፡፡ እግረ መንገዳቸውንም ዴሞክራሲና ልማት አብረው አይሄዱም ለሚሉት ማስተባበያ ‹‹አሜሪካ የዓለማችን ‹most developmental state› ናት›› በማለት ተናግረዋል፤ ገበያውን (ሲከስር) እና ግብርናውን ትደጉማለች በማለት፡፡ አቶ ሙሼ ሰሙም ከሰዓት ላይ ባቀረቡት የመወያያ ጽሑፋቸው ‹‹በፅንሰ-ሐሳብ ደረጃ ልማታዊ ያልሆነ መንግሥት የለም፡፡ በተለይ ያንድ መንግሥት መለያ ተደርጎ ሊቀርብ አይገባም ባይ ነኝ›› ብለዋል፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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አቶ ዛዴቅ በዕለቱ ቀጣዩ የሕወሓት ርዕዮተ ዓለም ሰባኪ መሆናቸውን የሚያሳብቅ ሚና ተጫውተዋል፡፡ መጀመሪያ የተደመጡት በጠዋቱ ውይይት ላይ አስተያየት ሲሰጡ ነበር፡፡ ኮርያ እና ታይዋን በሰሜን ኮርያ እና ቻይና የመዋጥ ስጋት ስለነበረባቸው ‘authoritarian’ነታቸውን በልማት ስም ማስቀደማቸውን፣ ዴሞክራሲያዊ የመሆን ፍላጎት ያልነበራቸው መሆኑን ገልፀው ለኢትዮጵያ ግን ይህ የማይሠራ መሆኑን ‹‹There is no condition or will to be undemocratic for EPRDF›› በማለት አስተያየታቸውን ሰጥተዋል፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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በዚህ ክርክር መሐል እዚያው ስብሰባ ላይ በሀብታሙ አያሌው ‹‹ኢሕአዴግ ሲያስነጥሰው የሚያለቅሱ…›› ተብላ የተጠቀሰችው ጋዜጠኛ ሚሚ ስብሓቱ ግን ያስጨነቃት ጋዜጠኞች ሁሉ ልማታዊ መሆን ሲኖርባቸው ጥቂቶች ‹‹ልማታዊ›› የሚል ቅፅል ስለምን ይሰጣቸዋል የሚለው ነው፡፡ ቅፅል መሰጠት ካለበት ለሌሎቹ ‹ታብሎይድ፣ ፖለቲካል አክቲቪስት፣…› እየተባለ ይሰጣቸው ባይ ናት – ሚሚ፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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\nልማታዊ መንግሥታት ሲተነተኑ<\/span><\/b><\/span>\n<\/div>\n
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በአቶ ሙሼ እና ዛዲቅ ልማታዊ መንግሥታት ከተተነተኑበት የከሰዓቱ ውይይት የተረፈችው ሃያ ደቂቃ ለጋዜጠኛ ታምራት ገ\/ጊዮርጊስ ተጥላለት ነበር፡፡ አቶ ሙሼ ልማታዊ መንግሥታትን structuralized እና institutionalized በሚል በሁለት ከከፈሏቸው በኋላ የኛዎቹን ይበልጥ አምባገነን ወዳሏቸው structuralist ምድብ ውስጥ ከተቷቸው፡፡ እነዚህኞቹ የሕዝብ ሀብት ማንቀሳቀስ ስለሚያስፈልጋቸው ሥልጣን ላይ ለረዥም ጊዜ መቆየት ይፈልጋሉ፤ በዚህም authoritarian (ጠቅላይ ገዢዎች) ይሆናሉ እንደማለት፡፡ ለአቶ ሙሼ ‹‹ልማታዊ ለመሆን መፈለግ እና ልማታዊ መሆን የተለያዩ ናቸው፤ ኢሕአዴግ ከ23 ዓመታት በኋላ [በዴሞክራሲ ጎዳና] 23 ዓመት ወደኋላ ተመልሷል፡፡››<\/span><\/div>\n
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አቶ ዛዴቅ ለ50 ደቂቃ ያክል ስለልማታዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ መንግሥት እና 5 ደቂቃ ስለልማታዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ጋዜጠኝነት የመወያያ ጽሑፍ ሳይሆን ማብራሪያ የሚመስል ነገር አቅርበዋል፡፡ አቶ ዛዴቅ፣ የኢትዮጵያ ሕዝብ ጥያቄዎች 1ኛ. የሠላም፣ 2ኛ. የዴሞክራሲ እና 3ኛ. የልማት ናቸው ብለው እነዚህን ጥያቄዎች ለመመለስ የዕዝ ኢኮኖሚ ስለማያዋጣ የነጻ ገበያ ስርዓት መመረጡን ተናግረዋል፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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\nየነጻ ገበያ ስርዓቶች ውስጥ መንግሥት ገበያውን ለባለሀብቱ ቢተው፣ ባለሀብቱ አቅም ስለሌለው – ሊበራሊዝም አይሆንም፤ ባለሀብቱ ላይ ከፍተኛ ታክስ በመጣል ሀብት ለማከፋፈል ቢሞከር ያልበለፀገውን ባለሀብት በእንጭጩ ማስቀረት እና ተስፋ ማሳጣት ስለሚሆን-  <\/span>ሶሻል ዴሞክራሲም አይሆንም፤ ቅጥ ያጣ ወጪ (mindless consumption) እና ፖለቲካን የልሒቃ ጉዳይ ብቻ (depoliticization of the mass) ስለሚያደርግ – ኒዮሊበራሊዝም አይሆንም ብለው ሦስቱንም ውድቅ ካደረጓቸው በኋላ<\/span>፥<\/span> ከሌሎች ምሁራን የተሻለ መለስ ዜናዊ ተንትነውታል ያሉትን ‹‹ልማታዊ ዴሞክራሲ››ን ብቻ ሦስቱንም የኢትዮጵያ ጥያቄዎች መመለስ የሚችል የነጻ ገበያ ስርዓት›› ነው ብለውናል፡፡ <\/span>\n<\/div>\n
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ልማታዊ ዴሞክራሲ ‘abolition of non-market coercion’ (ለምሳሌ፣ መሬት በፊውዳሉ እንዳይያዝ) እና ‘pragmatic nationalism’ (በኢትዮጵያ ብዝኃነትን ያካተተ ኢትዮጵያዊነትን በመገንባት ለሦስቱም)  <\/span>ጥያቄዎች ሁነኛ መልስ እንደሚሰጥ ነገር ግን ‹ኪራይ ሰብሳቢነት› ትልቁ ፈተናው መሆኑን ገልጸዋል፡፡ በተለይ ግን ‹‹መማሪያዎቻችን ዴሞክራሲያዊ ያልነበሩት ኮርያና ታይዋን መሆናቸው ሌላኛው ፈተናችን ነው›› ያሉት አቶ ዛዴቅ ዴሞክራሲና ልማታዊነት እንዴት አብረው እንደሚሄዱ ግን በግልጽ ሳይነግሩን ቀርተዋል፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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ልማታዊ መገናኛ ብዙኃን?<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
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‹‹ልማታዊ የጥርስ ሐኪም አላውቅም›› በማለት ጥናት ያቀረበው ጋዜጠኛ ታምራት ‹‹ልማታዊ ጋዜጠኝነት›› ብሎ ነገር መኖር እንደሌለበትም ተከራክሯል፤ ለታምራት የሲምፖዚየሙን ጨምሮ የሌሎችም ‹‹በ…ism›› የሚያልቁ ርዕዮተ ዓለሞች ምኞት ጋዜጠኞችን በራሳቸው ጎራ ማሰለፍ ነው፡፡ የኢቴቪው ዘሪሁን ካሣ በበኩሉ ‹‹ካንዱ ጎራ ያልተሰለፈ ጋዜጠኝነት ከናካቴው አለ ወይ?›› ብሎ መልስ የሚመስል ጥያቄ ጠይቋል፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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ታምራት ለማንም አለመሰለፍ የሚለውን ሲገልጽ ‹‹media should report without fear of state or favor of invested interest›› ብሏል፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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በነጻ ሚዲያ አስፈላጊነት ላይ አቶ ዛዲቅም ይስማማሉ፡፡ በኢትዮጵያ የመረጃ ገበያ እጥረት ስላለና መረጃ በጥቅም (patronage) የሚገኝ በመሆኑ ልታዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሚዲያ ያስፈልጋል ባይ ናቸው፡፡ አቶ ሙሼ ሰሙ ደግሞ ‹‹በጦርነት የተሸነፈ ኃይል በሥነ ጽሑፍ ይመጣል›› የሚል አባባል አጣቅሰው የደርግ ሰዎች ወደሚዲያው መግባታቸውን አይቶ ኢሕአዴግ የግል ሚዲያውን ፊት ነሳው፤ የግል ሚዲያውም በምላሹ ከኢሕአዴግ የሚመጣውን ሁሉ በፕሮፓጋንዳነት ይመለከተው ጀመር ብለዋል፡፡ ለአቶ ሙሼ ‹ነጻ ሚዲያው የሠራቸው ነገሮች ቢኖሩም ወደፕሮፌሽናልነት እንዳይመጣ ግን የመንግሥትና ኢሕአዴግ ተነጣጥሎ አለመገኘት› ትልቅ ፈተና እንደሆነበት ገልጸዋል፡፡ <\/span><\/div>\n
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\nበእውነተኛ ታሪክ የስም ማጥፋት?<\/span><\/b><\/span>\n<\/div>\n
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ጋዜጠኛ ታምራት የወንጀለኛ መቅጫ ሕጉ አንቀጽ 40\/3 በእውነተኛ መረጃ ተመስርቶ የተጻፈም ቢሆን ስም ማጥፋት ሊባል ይችላል የሚለውን ሲተች ያደመጡት የኮሙኒኬሽን ጉዳዮች ሚኒስትር ዲኤታ አቶ ሽመልስ ከማል አንቀጹን ‹‹በጭንቅላት ተቁሞ የተጻፈ ሕግ ነበር›› ብለው ትችቱን ተቀብለውታል፡፡ እንዲያውም ጋዜጠኛ በእውነተኛ መረጃ ላይ የጻፈው ትችት intention በሚል ሰበብ ማስወንጀል ስለሌለበት አንቀጹን ለማስሰረዝ ስምምነት ላይ ተደርሷል የሚል የምስራች ሹክ ብለዋል፡፡<\/span><\/div>\n
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\nሲምፖዚየሙ ይደገም ይሆን?<\/span><\/b><\/span>\n<\/div>\n
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ሲምፖዚየሙ ከነጉድለቶቹም ቢሆን የተለያዩ አመለካከት አራማጆች በአንድ መድረክ የተሟገቱበት መልካም ጅምር ነው፡፡ ቀጣይነቱ ግን በቀጣዮቹ ተመራቂ ተማሪዎች ምርጫ እና በት\/ቤቱ የበላይ ተቆጪ ኢሕአዴግ ፈቃድ ላይ የተንጠለጠለ ነው፡፡ <\/span>\n<\/div>\n

Read more ›<\/a><\/div>\n

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