{"id":133890,"date":"2013-12-03T01:54:00","date_gmt":"2013-12-03T06:54:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mereja.com\/amharic\/?guid=b3726725730ad5dfce3d54efd1f7182d"},"modified":"2013-12-03T01:54:00","modified_gmt":"2013-12-03T06:54:00","slug":"%e1%8b%a8%e1%8b%b3%e1%8a%95%e1%8a%a4%e1%88%8d-%e1%8a%ad%e1%89%a5%e1%88%a8%e1%89%b5-%e1%8a%a0%e1%88%ab%e1%89%b1-%e1%8a%83%e1%8b%ab%e1%88%8b%e1%8a%95-%e1%88%98%e1%8c%bd%e1%88%90%e1%8d%8d-%e1%88%9d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/133890","title":{"rendered":"\u12e8\u12f3\u1295\u12a4\u120d \u12ad\u1265\u1228\u1275 \u12a0\u122b\u1271 \u1283\u12eb\u120b\u1295 \u1218\u133d\u1210\u134d \u121d\u1228\u1243"},"content":{"rendered":"
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        \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u12a0\u122b\u1271 <\/i><\/span>y<\/span><\/i>\u12eb\u120b\u1295<\/span><\/i> \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u12f0\u130e\u1235 \u12eb\u1208 \u1218<\/span>\u00ce<\/span>\u1210<\/span>\u00d9 (<\/span>\u12a8\u1218\u1273\u1270\u1219 \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1290\u1265\u1208\u1275 \u1320\u12ed\u1246\u129d \u1233\u1290\u1260\u12cd \u1260\u1236\u1235\u1275 \u1245<\/span>\u00ce<\/span> \u12e8\u1270\u12d8\u130b\u1300 \u1290\u1260\u122d) \u1270\u1218\u120d\u12ad\u1278 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12eb\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f5\u1230\u1320\u12cd \u1260\u1320\u12e8\u1240\u129d \u130a\u12dc \u1235\u12cd \u1218\u1278\u121d \u1265\u122d\u1271 \u1290\u12cd \u1260\u121a\u120d \u12e8\u130d\u122d\u121d\u1275 \u1205\u1233\u1264 \u1290\u1260\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1260\u120d\u12a9\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12c8\u1245\u1271 \u12e8\u12a0\u1218\u1271 \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u121b\u1320\u1243\u1208\u12eb \u1235\u1208\u1290\u1260\u122d\u1293 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u12a0\u1323\u12f3\u134a \u1290\u1308\u122e\u127d \u1235\u1208\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1265\u129d\u1361\u1361 \u1240\u1235 \u12a5\u12eb\u120d\u12a9 \u121b\u1295\u1260\u1265 \u1235\u1300\u121d\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1290\u1265 \u1235\u1208 \u1230\u1320\u129d \u12a5\u12f5\u120d \u12a5\u12eb\u1218\u1230\u1308\u1295\u12a9\u1275 \u132d\u121d\u122d\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12ed\u1205 \u12a0\u122b\u1271 <\/i><\/span>y<\/span><\/i>\u12eb\u120b\u1295<\/span><\/i>\u1260\u121a\u120d \u122d\u12a5\u1235 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u12e8\u1270\u1270\u1228\u130e\u1218\u12cd \u1218<\/span>\u00ce<\/span>\u1283<\/span>\u00d9 <\/span>\u12e8\u12a0\u1261\u1290  \u1260<\/span>\u00d0<\/span>\u120e\u1270-\u121a\u12ab\u12a4\u120d\u1364 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u134a\u120d<\/span>\u00ca<\/span>\u1235\u1364 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u12a0\u1296\u122a\u12ce\u1235\u1293 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u12a0\u122e\u1295 \u1308\u12f5\u120d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u122b\u1271 <\/span>y<\/span>\u12eb\u120b\u1295 \u1208<\/span>B<\/span>\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u1218\u1235\u134b\u134b\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0\u122d \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u1308\u129d\u1208\u1275 \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12e8\u1220\u1229\u1364 <\/span>B<\/span>\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275\u1295 \u12eb\u1235\u134b\u1349\u1364 \u1265\u12d9 \u12f0\u1240 \u1218\u12db\u1219\u122d\u1275 \u12eb\u1235\u1270\u121b\u1229\u1293 \u12eb\u1348\u1229\u1364 \u1308\u12f3\u121b\u1275\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u1220\u1228\u1271\u1364 <\/span>B<\/span>\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1273\u12ca<\/span> <\/span>\u12ad\u122d\u12ad\u122d \u12a0\u1295\u1225\u1270\u12cd \u1260\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u12a8\u1290\u1260\u1229 \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u130b\u122d \u134a\u1275 \u1208\u134a\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u134b\u1208\u1219\u1364 \u12e8\u12f0\u1228\u1230\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1241\u1323\u1364 \u130d\u122d\u134b\u1275\u1364 \u12a5\u1295\u130d\u120d\u1275\u1364 \u1235\u1243\u12ed\u1293 \u1218\u12a8\u122b\u1364 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d \u1235\u12f0\u1275\u1293 \u130d\u12de\u1275 \u1208<\/span>B<\/span>\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1273\u1278\u12cd  \u1260<\/span>\u1338\u130b<\/span>\u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1260\u1209\u1293 \u121b\u1295\u129b\u12cd\u1295\u121d \u1218\u1235\u12cb\u12a5\u1275\u1290\u1275 \u1260<\/span>B<\/span>\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u1260<\/span>\u133d\u1293<\/span>\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u1321 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
      \u120c\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1218<\/span>\u00d1<\/span>\u1205\u134d\u1275\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1290\u1265\u1261\u1295 \u12ad\u122d\u12ad\u1229 \u12e8\u1270\u1300\u1218\u1228\u12cd \u1260\u12a0<\/span>\u00d1\u00f0\u00f0<\/span>\u12a0\u121d\u12f0 <\/span>\u00d2<\/span>\u12ee\u1295 \u12d8\u1218\u1290 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u130a\u12dc \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1245\u12f1\u1233\u1295\u1293 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u12e8<\/span>B<\/span>\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u12c8\u1295\u12f5\u121e\u127b\u1278\u12cd \u12c8\u12f0 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u1218\u1240\u1218\u132b \u1270\u1309\u12d8\u12cd <\/span>B<\/span>\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1273\u127d\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12d8\u12cd\u1295 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u120d\u1348<\/span>\u00d0<\/span>\u121d\u12ad\u121d \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1208\u121d\u1218\u12a8\u122d\u1293 \u1208\u1218\u1218\u1208\u1235 \u1260\u1204\u12f1\u1260\u1275 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1290\u1308\u1229 \u132d\u1265\u1325 \u201c\u1208\u121d\u1295\u1275 \u12a0\u12cd\u1230\u1265\u12a8 \u1265\u12a5\u1232\u1270 \u12a0\u1261\u12a8 – \u1208\u121d\u1295 \u12e8\u12a0\u1263\u1275\u1205\u1295 \u121a\u1235\u1275 \u12a0\u1308\u1263\u1205\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12ad\u1231 \u1328\u1265\u1325  <\/span>B<\/span>\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1273\u12ca \u1205\u130d\u1295 \u1325\u1230\u1200\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u1295\u1309\u1231 \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u1270\u1243\u12cd\u121f\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1320\u1245\u1231\u1275 \u12a0\u1263\u1274 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d \u1260\u121a\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1295\u1309\u1231\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u12f0\u1263\u1263\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u12c8\u1240\u1231\u1275 \u1260\u1275\u12a5\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u120a\u12eb\u1230\u1293\u1265\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12a0\u120d\u1348\u1208\u1308\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a0\u12f0\u1263\u1263\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1308\u1228\u1349 \u12a8\u12da\u12eb\u121d \u1260\u130d\u12de\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1204\u12f1 \u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
      \u12a8\u1325\u1242\u1275 \u12a0\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1260<\/span>|<\/span>\u120b \u1270\u1218\u120d\u1230\u12cd \u1260\u1218\u121d\u1323\u1275 \u120c\u120b \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12a0\u1290\u1231\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1308\u12f3\u121d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1229 \u12c8\u1295\u12f5\u1293 \u1234\u1275 \u1218\u1290\u12ae\u1233\u1275 \u1218\u1240\u1218\u132b \u1270\u1208\u12ed\u1276 \u12a5\u12f2\u12c8\u1230\u1295 \u1320\u12e8\u1241\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u12c8\u1295\u12f5\u1293 \u1234\u1275 \u1218\u1290\u12ae\u1233\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u1290\u1275 \u12ed\u1296\u1229 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1240\u12f0\u121d \u1265\u120e \u1260\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u1218\u1290\u12ae\u1233\u1275 \u1218\u1296\u122a\u12eb \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb \u1266\u1273 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1293 \u12ed\u1205 \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12c8\u12f2\u12eb\u12cd\u1291 \u1270\u1240\u1263\u12ed\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u12a0\u1308\u1298\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12da\u12eb\u121d \u1260\u1238\u12cb\u1293 \u1260\u120c\u120e\u127d \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12ce\u127d \u1270\u130d\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1206\u1295 \u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
      \u1260\u1236\u1235\u1270\u129b \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12e8\u1245\u1265\u1321 \u120a\u1240-\u1333\u1333\u1235 \u12e8\u1245\u1235\u1293\u1293 \u12e8\u12f2\u1241\u1293 \u121b\u12d5\u1228\u130d \u1208\u1218\u1235\u1320\u1275 \u1308\u1295\u12d8\u1265 \u12ed\u1240\u1260\u120b\u120d (<\/span>simony) \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u12ad\u1235 \u12a0\u1240\u1228\u1261\u1361\u1361 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1271\u121d \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205\u1295 \u12e8\u12ad\u1205\u1290\u1275 \u121b\u12d5\u1228\u130b\u1275 \u1208\u1218\u1235\u1320\u1275 \u1308\u1295\u12d8\u1265 \u121b\u1235\u12a8\u1348\u120d \u1260\u1210\u12cb\u122d\u12eb\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u1308\u12d8 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1293\u1361\u1361 \u1295\u1309\u1231  \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u12ad\u1235 \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u1240\u1260\u1208\u12cd\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1245\u1265\u1321 \u1333\u1333\u1235\u121d \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u1240\u12f0\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u12cd \u1201\u1209 \u12a5\u1294\u121d \u1270\u1240\u1265\u12eb\u1208\u1201 \u1235\u1205\u1270\u1275 \u12e8\u1208\u1260\u1275\u121d \u1260\u121a\u120d \u12ad\u1231\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u1323\u1323\u120d \u12ab\u1205\u1293\u1271\u1295 \u12a0\u12c8\u1308\u12d8\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12ab\u1205\u1293\u1275\u121d \u1260\u130d\u12de\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12dd\u12cb\u12ed \u1200\u12ed\u1245 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u130b\u12d9 \u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1200\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12cd \u12e8\u12a5\u1235\u120d\u121d\u1293 \u12e8\u1218\u1235\u134b\u134b\u1275 \u127d\u130d\u122d \u1235\u1208\u1290\u1260\u122d \u1260\u12da\u12eb \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u1208\u1218\u1296\u122d \u12a0\u12ed\u127d\u1209\u121d \u12ed\u1240\u1323\u1209 \u1260\u121a\u120d \u12a5\u1233\u1264\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u1208\u1325\u1242\u1275 \u12a0\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1260\u12dd\u12cb\u12ed \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u12a8\u1296\u1229 \u1260<\/span>|<\/span>\u120b \u12e8\u12a0\u1263\u12ed\u1295 \u12c8\u1295\u12dd \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u123b\u1308\u1229 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1275\u1293\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u1235\u134b\u134b\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u130e\u1303\u121d\u1293 \u12c8\u12f0 \u1323\u1293 \u1200\u12ed\u1245 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u12a0\u1308\u122e\u127d \u1260\u1235\u12f0\u1275 \u122b\u1245 \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u1204\u12f1\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
      \u12ed\u1205 \u12ad\u122d\u12ad\u122d \u1260\u12a0<\/span>\u00d1\u00f0\u00f0<\/span> \u12a0\u121d\u12f0 <\/span>\u00d2<\/span>\u12ee\u1295 \u12d8\u1218\u1290 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u1260\u120d\u1301\u1293 \u1260\u12c8\u122b\u1239 \u1260\u12a0<\/span>\u00d1\u00f0\u00f0<\/span>\u1230\u12ed\u1348 \u12a0\u122d\u12a5\u12f5 \u12d8\u1218\u1290 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1273\u1275 \u130a\u12dc \u1270\u1320\u1293\u12ad\u122e \u1240\u1320\u1208\u1361\u1361 \u1230\u12ed\u1348 \u12a0\u122d\u12a5\u12f5 \u12c8\u12f0 \u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u1323 \u130a\u12dc \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f2\u1275 \u121a\u1235\u1275 \u1270\u12c8\u1235\u1296 \u1208\u1218\u1296\u122d \u12a0\u1235\u1240\u12f5\u121e \u1243\u120d \u12e8\u1308\u1263 \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d \u1243\u1209\u1295 \u12a0\u12ad\u1265\u122e \u12a0\u120d\u1296\u1228\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12d8\u1218\u1291\u121d \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1245\u12f1\u1233\u1295 \u12c8\u12f0 \u1218\u1240\u121b\u132b \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cd \u12a5\u12e8\u1218\u1321 \u12a8\u1235\u1205\u1270\u1271 \u1208\u1218\u1218\u1208\u1235 \u121e\u12a8\u1229\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u1233\u12ab\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u12cd\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u130d\u120d\u1271\u1364 \u1245\u1323\u1271\u1293 \u1218\u130b\u12d9 \u12a5\u1270\u1263\u1263\u1230 \u1204\u12f0\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12da\u12eb\u121d \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u1260\u12cd \u1245\u12f1\u1233\u1295 \u12c8\u12f0 \u1229\u1245 \u1200\u1308\u122d\u1364 \u1260\u1323\u121d \u121e\u1243\u1273\u121b\u1293 \u1246\u120b\u121b \u12c8\u12f0 \u1206\u1290 \u1200\u1308\u122d \u1270\u130b\u12d9\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1228\u1200\u1265\u1293 \u1260\u1325\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u12da\u1201\u121d \u1260\u1235\u1243\u12ed \u1232\u1320\u1260\u1231 \u12a8\u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12f5\u122d\u130a\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12ed\u1246\u1320\u1263\u1209 \u1260\u121a\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
      \u1260\u1218<\/span>\u00d2<\/span>\u1283\u1349 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121d\u1273\u1290\u1261\u1275 \u12a0\u1260\u12cd \u1245\u12f1\u1233\u1291 \u12e8\u12f0\u1228\u1230\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u1245\u1323\u1275\u1364 \u130d\u122d\u134b\u1275\u1293 \u12a5\u1295\u130d\u120d\u1275 \u1260\u12d8\u1218\u1293\u127d\u1295 \u12ab\u12e8\u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u12f0\u122d\u130d \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1270\u1218\u1233\u1233\u12ed\u1293 \u1260\u1323\u121d \u12a2\u1230\u1265\u12a0\u12ca \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u12f5\u122d\u130a\u1275 \u1206\u1296 \u12a5\u1293\u1308\u1298\u12cb\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u1260\u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u120c\u120b\u12cd \u1260\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u1230\u1260\u1265 \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1340\u1218\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u12cd \u1208\u1245\u1295\u1323\u1275 \u121d\u1233\u120c \u12eb\u12ad\u120d \u12ad\u1265\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u12cb\u1228\u12f5\u1293 \u1218\u1233\u1208\u1242\u12eb \u1208\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u1260\u1295\u1309\u1231 \u1218\u1240\u121b\u132b \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1260\u12a0\u12f0\u1263\u1263\u12ed \u120d\u1265\u1233\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a0\u12cd\u120d\u1240\u12cd \u12a5\u122d\u1243\u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12d8\u12cb\u12c8\u1229 \u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u1361\u1361 <\/span>\u2020<\/span>\u1228 \u1235\u1295\u1271 \u12ed\u1290\u1233\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1290\u122d\u1231 \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u124b\u121b\u1278\u12cd <\/span>\u00d0<\/span>\u1295\u1270\u12cd \u12e8\u1200\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1235\u1290-\u121d\u130d\u1263\u122d \u12a0\u1325\u1265\u1240\u12cd \u12eb\u12d9\u1361\u1361 \u1263\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u1200\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1273\u12ca <\/span>\u00d2<\/span>\u1293\u1275 \u130d\u1349\u1293 \u1218\u12a8\u122b\u12cd\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d \u130d\u122d\u134b\u1271\u1295\u1293 \u1235\u1243\u12e9\u1295 \u1260\u134d\u1235\u1200 \u1270\u1240\u1260\u1209\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1235\u12f0\u1271\u1295\u1293 \u130d\u12de\u1271\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1240\u120b\u120d \u127d\u130d\u122d \u1270\u130b\u1348\u1321\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12f0\u1228\u1230\u12cd \u12a0\u1208\u121b\u12ca\u1293 \u12d8\u130d\u1293\u129d \u1245\u1323\u1275 \u12e8\u12c8\u12f0\u1241\u1275\u1295\u1293 \u1218\u1235\u12cb\u12d5\u1275 \u12e8\u1206\u1291\u1275\u1295 \u1265\u12d9\u1200\u1291\u1295 \u12e8\u1200\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u12c8\u1295\u12f5\u121e\u127b\u1278\u12cd\u1295\u1293 \u12a5\u1205\u1276\u127b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a0\u122d\u121b \u1270\u1238\u12ad\u1218\u12cd \u12a5\u1235\u12a8\u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b\u12cd \u12f5\u1228\u1235 <\/span>\u00d0<\/span>\u1295\u1270\u12cd \u1218\u1295\u12a8\u122b\u1270\u1271\u1295\u1293 \u1235\u1243\u12e9\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u121d\u120b\u12ad \u1235\u121d \u12a0\u1238\u1290\u1349\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
      \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1218<\/span>\u133d\u1210<\/span>\u134d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u121d\u1293\u1308\u1298\u12cd \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u12eb\u12a5\u1246\u1265 \u1260\u1270\u1263\u1209 \u12e8\u1245\u1265\u1325 \u120a\u1240-\u1333\u1333\u1235 \u12d8\u1218\u1290 \u1355\u1275\u1228\u12ad\u1293 \u1200\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u1235\u134b\u134b\u1275 \u1232\u1263\u120d \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1260\u12a0\u1235\u122b \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u12a0\u1308\u1228 \u1235\u1265\u12a8\u1273\u1275 \u1218\u12a8\u134b\u1348\u1209\u12cb\u1295\u1293 \u1218\u121d\u1205\u122b\u1295 \u1218\u1218\u12f0\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u120a\u1240 \u1333\u1333\u1235 \u12e8\u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u1270\u12ad\u1208-\u1283\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275\u1295 \u12a0\u1235\u122b \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u12f0\u1240 \u1218\u12dd\u1219\u122b\u1275\u1295\u1293 \u12e8\u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u120a\u1263\u1296\u1235 \u1308\u12f3\u121d \u121d\u1229\u1243\u1295\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u1218\u12f0\u1265 \u12a0\u1308\u122a\u1271\u1295 \u12a8\u134b\u134d\u120e \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1235\u1270\u121d\u1229 \u12a0\u1230\u121b\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u1208\u12cd\u1325 \u12a5\u1295\u1245\u1235\u1243\u1234\u1293 \u1245\u12f1\u1233\u1291 \u1260\u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u1218\u130b\u12dd \u1264\u1270 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295\u12cb \u1270\u1235\u134b\u134b\u127d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u1228-\u1235\u1265\u12a8\u1275 \u1218\u12a8\u134b\u1348\u120d\u121d \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1275 \u1270\u1323\u1208\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1245\u1265\u1321 \u120a\u1240 \u1333\u1333\u1235 \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1208\u1218\u12cd \u1265\u1278\u129b \u12e8\u1208\u12cd\u1325 \u1218\u1295\u1348\u1235 \u12a8\u1245\u1265\u1325 \u12a8\u120a\u1240 \u1333\u1333\u1233\u1275 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12ed\u1205 \u120a\u1240 \u1333\u1333\u1235 \u1265\u127b \u1235\u1219 \u1260\u1260\u130e \u1232\u12d8\u12a8\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
      \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1218<\/span>\u133d\u1210<\/span>\u134d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a8\u121d\u1293\u1308\u129b\u1278\u12cd \u12a0\u12eb\u120c \u1241\u121d \u1290\u1308\u122b\u1275 \u1218\u12ab\u12ab\u120d \u1260\u1323\u121d \u1325\u1242\u1276\u1279 \u12e8\u121a\u12a8\u1270\u1209\u1275 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295 \u1308\u12f5\u120b\u1275\u1364 \u1273\u122a\u12a8 \u1290\u1308\u1235\u1273\u1275\u1293 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u1325\u1295\u1273\u12ca <\/span>\u00d2<\/span>\u1201\u134e\u127d \u1260\u130d\u12a5\u12dd \u12e8\u1270<\/span>\u00d1<\/span>\u1349\u1275\u1295 \u12c8\u1323\u1271 \u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f5 \u121d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1270\u1230\u122b \u1208\u121b\u12c8\u1245 \u12ed\u1278\u130d\u1228\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1200\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u1273\u122a\u12ad\u1295\u1364 \u12f5\u122d\u1233\u1293\u1275\u1295\u1361 \u1308\u12f5\u120b\u1275\u1295\u1293 \u12a0\u1208\u121b\u12ca \u12e8\u1325\u1295\u1275 \u1273\u122a\u12a8 \u1290\u1308\u1235\u1273\u1275\u1295 \u12e8\u121b\u1295\u1260\u1265\u1293 \u12e8\u1218\u1218\u122d\u1218\u122d \u134d\u120b\u130e\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u12a5\u121d\u122e\u12cd \u12ab\u120d\u1230\u1228<\/span>\u00d0 <\/span>\u1260\u1235\u1270\u1240\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1245\u122d\u1261 \u120d\u1293\u1308\u129b\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u121d\u1295\u127d\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u1308\u12f5\u120b\u1275\u1364 \u12c8\u12ed\u1295\u121d \u1260\u120c\u120b \u12e8\u12cd\u132d <\/span>k<\/span>\u1295<\/span>k <\/span>\u1270\u1270\u122d\u1309\u1218\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1299\u1293 \u12a5\u129b \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u1245\u122d\u1265 \u12e8\u121b\u1293\u1308\u129b\u1278\u12cd\u1364 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d \u12e8\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1308\u1299 \u1208\u121b\u1293\u12cd\u1245 \u1201\u1209 \u12d8\u1208\u130d \u12eb\u1208 \u12a5\u12f5\u121c\u1293 \u1265\u122d\u1273\u1275 \u1208\u12f2\u12eb\u1246\u1295 \u12f3\u1295\u12a4\u120d \u12ad\u1265\u1228\u1275 \u12ed\u12f5\u1228\u1230\u12cd\u1293 \u12a5\u1290\u1206 \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u1218<\/span>\u00d2<\/span>\u1283\u134d \u1260\u12a5\u1303\u127d\u1295 \u1218\u12f3\u134d \u12cd\u1235\u1325  \u12a0\u1235\u1308\u1263\u120d\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u1218\u1295\u1348\u1233\u12ca \u1270\u121b\u122a\u12ce\u127d\u1364 \u1208\u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275\u1293 \u1208\u1273\u122a\u12ad\u1364 \u1260\u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a\u121d \u1208\u120c\u120e\u127d \u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295\u1364 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d \u12a0\u130d\u1263\u1265\u1290\u1275 \u120b\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u120c\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u12d8\u122d\u134e\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1228\u12f1 \u12cb\u1262 \u1218<\/span>\u133b\u1215<\/span>\u134d\u1275 \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u1270\u1228\u130e\u1219\u1275\u1295\u1293 \u1260\u12a5\u1303\u127d\u1295 \u12eb\u120d\u1308\u1261\u1275\u1295 \u1235\u122b\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u127d\u1209 \u1201\u1209 \u1270\u122d\u1309\u1218\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u1240\u122d\u1261\u120d\u1295 \u12ed\u1205 \u1235\u122b \u12eb\u1260\u1228\u1273\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361                       <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
      \u1263\u1208\u1349\u1275 \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1293\u1275 \u1260\u1200\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u12f0\u1228\u1230\u12cd \u12e8\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u121d\u1235\u1245\u120d\u1245\u120d\u1364 \u1326\u122d\u1290\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u134d\u120d\u1230\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u1208\u129b\u12cd \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u1325\u1295\u1275 \u12e8\u1266\u1273 \u1235\u12eb\u121c\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u121d \u1270\u1228\u1235\u1270\u12cb\u120d\u1364 \u1320\u134d\u1270\u12cb\u120d \u12c8\u12ed\u1295\u121d \u1260\u120c\u120b \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u1235\u121d \u1270\u1270\u12ad\u1270\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1325\u1295\u1271\u1295 \u12cb\u1293 \u12e8\u1218\u1228\u1303 \u1218\u133b\u1215\u134d\u1275\u1295 \u1208\u121a\u12eb\u1290\u1265 \u1270\u1218\u122b\u121b\u122a \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205\u1295 \u12e8\u1325\u1295\u1275 \u1235\u12eb\u121c\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1275 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1290\u1260\u1229 \u1208\u121b\u12c8\u1245 \u12a0\u1235\u1278\u130b\u122a \u1206\u1297\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1275\u120d\u1245 \u12e8<\/span>\u122b\u1235 \u121d\u1273\u1275\u121d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1290\u1206 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1218\u1345\u1200\u134d \u12f2\u12eb\u1246\u1295 \u12f3\u1295\u12a4\u120d \u12f0\u12a8\u1218\u129d \u1230\u1208\u1278\u129d \u1233\u12ed\u120d \u12e8\u1325\u1295\u1271\u1295 \u1235\u12eb\u121c \u12ed\u12de \u1273\u122a\u12a9 \u1270\u1348\u1345\u121e\u1263\u1278\u12cb\u120d \u1260\u121a\u1263\u1209\u1275 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12ce\u127d \u1270\u12d8\u12cb\u12cd\u122e \u12e8\u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129e\u1279\u1295 \u1266\u1273\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1325\u1295\u1275 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u120a\u12f0\u122d\u1235\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u127d\u120f\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129e\u1279\u121d \u1235\u121b\u1278\u12cd \u1270\u1240\u12ed\u122e \u1260\u120c\u120b \u1270\u1270\u12ad\u1277\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f6\u1279\u121d \u1275\u1295\u1238 \u1208\u12c8\u1325 \u1265\u120e \u1219\u1209 \u1208\u1219\u1209 \u1233\u12ed\u1320\u1349 \u1270\u1308\u129d\u1270\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u1208\u1265\u12d9 \u1240\u1293\u1275 \u1233\u12ed\u1230\u1208\u127d \u12a0\u1240\u1260\u1275\u1293 \u1241\u120d\u1241\u1208\u1275\u1364 \u1238\u1208\u1246\u1293 \u12c8\u1295\u12dd \u1233\u12ed\u1260\u130d\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u1325\u1295\u1271\u1295 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u120a\u1208\u12ed \u1260\u1218\u127b\u1209 \u12a0\u12f5\u1293\u1246\u1275 \u12ed\u1308\u1263\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u130d\u122d\u130c \u121b\u1235\u1273\u12ce\u123b \u1230\u134b \u12ab\u1208 \u121b\u1265\u122b\u122a\u12eb \u130b\u122d \u12a0\u1245\u122d\u1266\u120d\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1235\u121e\u1279 \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1299\u1260\u1275\u1295 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u1218\u1228\u1303\u12ce\u127d\u1295\u121d \u12a0\u12ab\u1276\u120d\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a0\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295 \u1325\u1293\u1271 \u1235\u1208\u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u1260\u1275 \u12d8\u1218\u1295\u1293 \u1208\u120c\u120b\u121d \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12e8\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u12ab\u122d\u1273 \u12e8\u120c\u1208 \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u1235\u122b \u12ed\u12d8\u12cd \u1208\u1218\u1240\u1320\u120d \u1208\u121a\u1348\u120d\u1309 \u130e\u12f3\u1293\u12cd\u1295 \u12a0\u1235\u1240\u12f5\u121e \u1320\u122d\u130e \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f1\u1295 \u12a0\u1218\u127b\u127d\u1276\u120b\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
      \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u1260\u12cd \u1245\u12f1\u1233\u1295 \u12e8\u12f0\u1228\u1230\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u1235\u1243\u12ed\u1293 \u12a5\u1295\u130d\u120d\u1275\u1364 \u12a5\u1235\u122b\u1275\u1293 \u130d\u12de\u1275 \u121d\u1295 \u12eb\u1205\u120d \u1235\u122d \u12e8\u1230\u12f0\u12f0 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1290\u1260\u122d \u1260\u130d\u120d\u1345 \u12eb\u1235\u1270\u121d\u1228\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u1218\u1206\u1291 \u12e8\u12a5\u130d\u12da\u12a0\u1265\u1204\u122d\u1295 \u1235\u121d \u12a0\u1295\u130d\u1260\u12cd \u12e8\u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u1235\u122b \u1232\u1230\u1229 \u1205\u12ed\u12c8\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1201\u1209 \u1208\u1270\u1295\u1308\u120b\u1271 \u12a0\u1260\u12cd \u1245\u12f1\u1233\u1295 \u1260\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1291 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12ed\u1205 \u1235\u1243\u12ed \u12ed\u1308\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1295 \u1265\u1208\u1295 \u1273\u122a\u12a9\u1295 \u1260\u1325\u120d\u1240\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f5\u1295\u1218\u1228\u121d\u122d \u12ed\u1228\u12f3\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1260\u1245\u122d\u1261 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u1200\u1308\u122b\u1275 \u12e8\u12a5\u129b\u1295\u121d \u1328\u121d\u122d \u1260\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u1309\u12f3\u12ee\u127d \u12dc\u130e\u127d \u12e8\u12f0\u1228\u1230\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1218\u130e\u1233\u1246\u120d\u1293 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u120b\u1273\u1275 \u1235\u1293\u1324\u1295 \u12a0\u1260\u12cd \u1245\u12f1\u1233\u1295 \u12a0\u1263\u1276\u127b\u127d\u1295 \u12eb\u1208\u1349\u1260\u1275\u1295 \u12e8\u1235\u1243\u12ed \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f5\u1295\u1308\u1218\u130d\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u1308\u12f0\u12f3\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u120c\u120b\u12cd \u1240\u122d\u1276 \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1260\u1245\u122d\u1261 \u1260\u12f0\u122d\u130d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 \u12eb\u1208\u1241\u1275\u1295 \u12e8\u1240\u12ed\u1293 \u12e8\u1290\u132d \u123d\u1265\u122d \u1230\u1208\u1263\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1235\u1293\u1235\u1265 \u12c8\u1323\u1271 \u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f5 \u1260\u1235\u1295\u1275 \u12a0\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u1323\u12a5\u122d\u1293 \u1235\u1243\u12ed \u1270\u1208\u1265\u120d\u1260\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1208\u1241 \u1208\u1218\u1308\u1295\u12d8\u1265 \u12ed\u1228\u12f3\u1293\u120d\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
      \u120c\u120e\u127d \u1270\u1218\u122b\u121b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u1218\u1228\u1303 \u1260\u121b\u130d\u1298\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u1230\u134a\u1293 \u1325\u120d\u1245 \u121d\u122d\u121d\u122d \u12a0\u12ab\u1202\u12f0\u12cd \u1273\u122a\u12a9\u1295 \u12a0\u1308\u1293\u12dd\u1260\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1290\u1265\u1261\u1295 \u12a0\u120d\u1320\u122b\u1320\u122d\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u130b\u1323\u121a \u12e8\u12f0\u1242\u1240 \u12a5\u1235\u1322\u134b\u1296\u1235 \u1270\u12a8\u1273\u12ee\u127d \u12e8\u12f0\u1228\u1230\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a5\u120d\u1242\u1275\u1293 \u132d\u134d\u1328\u134b \u12a8\u1325\u1242\u1275 \u12a0\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u1355\u122e\u134c\u1230\u122d \u130c\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u1283\u12ed\u120c \u12a8\u130d\u12a5\u12dd \u1270\u122d\u1309\u1218\u12cd \u12eb\u1240\u1228\u1261\u120d\u1295\u1295 \u1218\u1345\u1283\u134d \u12eb\u1290\u1260\u1263\u127d\u1201\u1275 \u1235\u1208\u1206\u1290 \u1290\u1308\u122c\u1295 \u12a5\u12da\u1201 \u120d<\/span>k<\/span>\u132d\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
      \u12f2\u12eb\u1246\u1295 \u12f3\u1295\u12a4\u120d\u1295 \u120a\u12eb\u1235\u1218\u1230\u130d\u1290\u12cd \u12a8\u121a\u1308\u1263\u12cd \u1235\u122b \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d\u121d \u1260\u1265\u12d9 \u12f5\u12ab\u121d \u12e8\u130d\u122d\u130c \u121b\u1235\u1270\u12c8\u123b\u12cd\u1295 \u1345\u134e \u121b\u12ab\u1270\u1271 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u130d\u122d\u130c \u121b\u1235\u1273\u12c8\u123b \u12e8\u1270\u12d8\u1228\u12d8\u1229\u1275 \u121b\u1265\u122b\u122a\u12eb\u1293 \u1218\u130d\u1208\u132b \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u12a0\u12f5\u12ab\u121a \u1235\u122b \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1201\u1295\u1293 \u1235\u122b\u12cd\u1295 \u121d\u1295 \u12eb\u1205\u120d \u12a0\u12f5\u1245\u1246 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1230\u1208\u1240\u12cd \u130d\u120d\u1345 \u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u130d\u120d\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a\u121d \u1270\u12ab\u1276 \u12e8\u1240\u1228\u1260\u12cd \u12e8\u1266\u1273\u1293 \u12e8\u1230\u12cd \u1235\u121d \u1218\u12d8\u122d\u12dd\u122d \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u1320\u1243\u121a \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u12a0\u1273\u12ab\u127d\u1293 \u12a0\u12f5\u12ab\u121a \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u121d\u1295\u121d \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u1230\u121e\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u1228\u1231 \u1233\u12ed\u1343\u1349 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u1240\u1229 \u1208\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u1260\u1270\u12f0\u130b\u130b\u121a \u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12a0\u122d\u1275\u12a6\u1275 \u1275\u12a9\u1228\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1230\u1208 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1208\u121b\u12c8\u1245 \u12e8\u121a\u1348\u120d\u130d \u1230\u12cd \u1218\u1345\u1200\u1349\u1295 \u1308\u1345 \u1260\u1308\u1345 \u12a0\u1295\u1265\u1266 \u12e8\u121a\u1348\u120d\u1308\u12cd\u1295 \u1235\u121d \u1260\u1276\u120e \u1208\u121b\u130d\u1298\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1228\u12f3 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291 \u1235\u122b\u1295 \u12eb\u1243\u120d\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1205\u1275\u1218\u1275 \u1235\u122b \u12e8\u1293\u1228 \u1263\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u1296\u122e \u12e8\u130d\u12a5\u12d9 \u1345\u1201\u134d \u1262\u12ab\u1270\u1275 \u1325\u1229 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
      \u12ed\u1205 \u1325\u120d\u1245 \u1235\u122b \u120c\u120e\u127d \u1270\u1218\u122b\u121b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u122d\u1231\u1295 \u12a0\u122d\u12a0\u12eb\u1290\u1275 \u1270\u12a8\u1275\u1208\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u12a0\u12ed\u1290\u1271\u1295 \u12e8\u1275\u122d\u1309\u121d \u1235\u122b \u1208\u1218\u1235\u122b\u1275 \u12eb\u1290\u1233\u1233\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1200\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1231 \u1265\u12d9 \u1235\u122b\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d \u12a8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12e8\u12cd\u132d <\/span>k<\/span>\u1295<\/span>k <\/span>\u12c8\u12f0 \u130d\u12a5\u12dd \u12e8\u1270\u1270\u1228\u130e\u1219 \u12e8\u1265\u12d9 \u1218<\/span>\u133b\u1215<\/span>\u134d\u1275 \u1275\u122d\u1309\u121d \u1235\u122b \u1308\u1293 \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u1290\u12ab\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u121b\u1295\u1242\u12eb \u12f0\u12c8\u120d \u1260\u1265\u12d9 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u1306\u122e \u120b\u12ed \u120a\u12f0\u12cd\u120d \u12ed\u1308\u1263\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed\u121d \u12e8\u1264\u1270-\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1293\u127d\u1295 \u12ab\u1205\u1293\u1275\u1293 \u121d\u1201\u122b\u1295 – \u12a8\u120a\u1245 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u12f0\u1242\u1245 – \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u12e8\u1275\u122d\u1309\u121d \u1235\u122b \u1235\u122b\u12e8 \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1300\u121d\u1229\u1275 \u12ed\u121e\u130d\u1273\u1278\u12cb\u120d \u12eb\u1260\u122b\u1273\u1273\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u121d \u1265\u12e8 \u12a5\u1308\u121d\u1273\u1208\u1201\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed\u121d \u1320\u1245\u120b\u12ed \u1264\u1270-\u12ad\u1205\u1290\u1275\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u12e8\u1263\u1205\u120d \u121a\u1292\u1235\u1274\u122d \u120a\u12eb\u1235\u1261\u1260\u1275 \u12ed\u1308\u1263\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u121d\u1295\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12b3 \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u1293\u12a8\u1228 \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u1235\u122b \u1270\u1290\u1233\u123d\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u1308\u12cd \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed \u1320\u1245\u120b\u12ed \u1264\u1270-\u12ad\u1205\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1294 \u12a0\u1208\u1201 \u1265\u120e \u1265\u12a5\u1229\u1295 \u120a\u12eb\u1290\u1233 \u12ed\u1308\u1263\u120d\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
      \u1235\u122b\u12cd \u1218\u1260\u1228\u1273\u1273\u1275 \u12eb\u1208\u1260\u1275 \u12a8\u130d\u12a5\u12dd \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b <\/span>k<\/span>\u1295<\/span>k <\/span>\u1260\u1218\u1270\u122d\u130e\u1219 \u1265\u127b \u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u1208\u1260\u1275\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12c8\u12f0 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u1265\u1204\u1228\u1230\u1265 <\/span>k<\/span>\u1295<\/span>k<\/span>\u12ce\u127d \u1240\u1235 \u1260\u1240\u1235\u1293 \u1260\u130a\u12dc \u1202\u12f0\u1275 \u1235\u122b\u12cd \u1218\u1300\u1218\u122d \u12eb\u1208\u1260\u1275 \u1218\u1206\u1291 \u132d\u121d\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u130a\u12dc \u1202\u12f0\u1275 \u12a8\u1273\u1230\u1260\u12cd \u1218\u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u1235\u1208\u121a\u127b\u120d \u12a0\u1262\u12ed \u1241\u121d \u1290\u1308\u1229 \u1208\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122d \u1246\u122d\u1326 \u1218\u1290\u1233\u1233\u1271 \u120b\u12ed \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
      \u1208\u121b\u1320\u1243\u1208\u120d \u12eb\u1205\u120d \u12f2\u12eb\u1246\u1295 \u12f3\u1295\u12a4\u120d \u12ad\u1265\u1228\u1275 \u1235\u1208 \u1230\u122b\u12b8\u12cd \u1235\u122b \u1260\u1323\u121d \u12a0\u1218\u1230\u130d\u1293\u1208\u1201\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12f5\u12ab\u121d\u1205\u1295 \u12cb\u130b \u1263\u1208\u1264\u1271 \u12ed\u12ad\u1348\u120d\u1205\u1361\u1361 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u1230\u122b\u12ce\u127d\u1205\u1295\u121d \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u1320\u1291\u1275 \u1328\u121d\u122e \u1260\u1270\u12a8\u1273\u1273\u12ed \u12a5\u12f5\u1273\u1235\u1290\u1265\u1260\u1295 \u1260\u1275\u1205\u1275\u1293 \u12a5\u1218\u129b\u1208\u1201\u1361\u1361 \u1245\u12f1\u1233\u1295 \u12a0\u1260\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1263\u1228\u12a8 \u12a0\u121d\u120b\u12ad \u12a0\u1295\u1270\u1295\u1293 \u1264\u1270\u1230\u1265\u1205\u1295 \u12ed\u1263\u122d\u12ad\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12a0\u1218\u1230\u130d\u1293\u1208\u1201\u1361\u1361            <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
     <\/span>           <\/span> <\/span>     <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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ውዱ ጣፈጠ (ዶ\/ር)<\/p>\n

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ታሪክ ትም\/ ክፍል<\/p>\n

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አዲስ አበባ ዩኒቨርስቲ<\/p>\n

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click here for pdf<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
በሀገራችን ውስጥ ለኦርቶዶክስ ክርስትና መስፋፋትና መደርጀት ትልቁን ሚና የተጫወቱት ሀገራዊ ቅዱሳን ካህናትና የሃይማኖት መሪዎች ናቸው፡፡ በተለይም በመካከለኛው ዘመን መንግሥትና ቤተ ክርስቲያን በአንድነት ሁነው አብረው ሰርተዋል፡፡ ነገሥታቱና ካህናቱ አብረው የሰሩትን ያህል በመካከላቸውም አንዳንድ ከሃይማኖት ጋር የሚጋጩ ነገሮች እየተከሰቱ ሲያጋጩዋቸውና ሲያጣሉዋቸው ኑረዋል፡፡ በመካከሉም እርቅ እተፈጠረ የተለመደ ስራቸውን ሰርተዋል፡፡ ያለ ውህደታቸውም የመንግሥትና የቤተ-ክርስቲያኗ  መስፋፋት በጥንካሬ ሊቀጥል አይችልም ነበር፡፡ <\/p>\n

<\/span><\/div>\n

\nኢትዮጵያውያን ካህናት ከዛጉዌ ስርወ-መንግሥት ጀምሮ የሃይማኖት መ<\/span>Í<\/span>ህፍትን ከቅብጥ፤ ከአረብኛ፤ ከጽርእ በመተርጎም ለሃይማኖት ስራ እንዲዉሉ አድርገዋል፡፡ በጊዜውም የግእዝ <\/span>k<\/span>ን<\/span>k <\/span>ትልቅ የሥነ ጽሑፍ ደረጃ ላይ እንዲደርስ ጥረዋል፡፡ የገድል መ<\/span>Í<\/span>ሕፍት በብዛት ተጽፈዋል፡፡ የሀገራቸውን ቤተ ክርስቲያን አሰራር የተመቸ ለማድረግ አዳዲስ ነገሮች እንዲለመዱና እንዲ<\/span>aa<\/span>ሉ ለውጥም እንዲመጣ ጥረዋል፡፡ በጣት ከሚቆጠሩ አንዳንድ የቤተ-ክርስቲያኗ የቅብጥ (ግብፅ) ጳጳሳት በስተቀር ለቤተ-ክርስቲያኗ ለውጥ እዲጀመር ጥረት ያደረጉ የቅብጥ ጳጳሳት የሉም፡፡<\/p>\n

<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

<\/span><\/div>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\nኢትዮ<\/span>É<\/span>ያውያን ቅዱሳንን ከዘመኑ ነገስታት ጋር ሲያጋጭ የኖረው ነገስታቱ ለውጥንና አንዳንድ <\/span>B<\/span>ይማኖታዊ ትችቶችን ለመቀበል ባለመፈለጋቸው ነበር፡፡ ቅዱሳኑና  ነገ<\/span>R<\/span>ታቱ መጋጨት የጀመሩት በመካከለኛው ዘመን የኢትዮ<\/span>É<\/span>ያ ታሪክ ዘመን ነግሶ ከነበረው ከአ<\/span>Ñð<\/span>አምደ <\/span>Ò<\/span>ዮን ዘመነ መንግ<\/span>R<\/span>ት ጀምሮ ነበር፡፡<\/p>\n

<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

\n      ዛሬ የሚመረቀው የዲያቆን ዳንኤል ክብረት የገድላት የአማርኛ ትርጉም መ<\/span>Î<\/span>ኃ<\/span>Ù <\/span>ግል<\/span>Î<\/span>የሚያደርገው እነዚህ የመካከለኛው ዘመን ቅዱሳን ለ<\/span>B<\/span>ይማኖታቸውና ለሀገራቸው የሰሩትን <\/span>k<\/span>ሚ ስራ፤ <\/span>B<\/span>ይማኖታዊ ተጋድሎና መንፈሳዊ <\/span>Ò<\/span>ናት ቆልጭ አድርጎ የሚያሳየን ነው፡፡ አሁን ባለንበት ዘመን ገድላትን፤ ታሪከ-ነገስታትን እንዲሁም ሌሎች የታሪክ ድርሳናትን ወደ አማርኛም ይሁን ወደ ሌላ ሀገራዊ <\/span>k<\/span>ን<\/span>k <\/span>ተርጎሞ ለማቅረብ ራእይ ያለው ጠንካራ የስራ ሰው ለማየት ብርቅ በሆነበት ጊዜ እነዚህ ድንቅ <\/span>B<\/span>ይማኖታዊ  ገድላት በዲያቆን ዳንኤል ክብረት ወደ አማርኛ ተተርጉመው መቅረባቸው ይበል፤ እጅ ይባርክ፤ በለመደ ጣትህም ሌሎቹን ለመተርጎም እንድትበቃ እግዚአብሄር ይርዳህ ከሚል ማበረታቻ ቃላት ጋር መሆን አለበት፡፡ <\/p>\n

<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

ባለፉት ጥቂት አመታት ፕሮፌሰር ጌታቸው ኃይሌ ከግእዝ ወደ አማርኛ የተረጎሙት የደቂቀ እስጢፋኖስ በህግ አምላክ የሚልና የአባ ባሕርይ ድርሰቶችን አስነብበውናል፡፡ አቶ አለሙ ኃይሌ የአፄ ገላውዴወስን፤ የአፄ ሰርፀ ድንግልንና የአፄ ሱስንዮስን ታሪከ ነገሥታት አሳትመው ለአንባቢ አቅርበዋል፡፡<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/div>\n

\n        ይህንን አራቱ <\/i><\/span>y<\/span><\/i>ያላን<\/span><\/i> የሚለውን ደጎስ ያለ መ<\/span>Î<\/span>ሐ<\/span>Ù (<\/span>ከመታተሙ በፊት እንዳነብለት ጠይቆኝ ሳነበው በሶስት ቅ<\/span>Î<\/span> የተዘጋጀ ነበር) ተመልክቸ አስተያት እንድሰጠው በጠየቀኝ ጊዜ ስው መቸም ብርቱ ነው በሚል የግርምት ህሳቤ ነበር የተቀበልኩት፡፡ ወቅቱ የአመቱ የትምህርት ማጠቃለያ ስለነበርና ሌሎች አጣዳፊ ነገሮች ስለነበሩብኝ፡፡ ቀስ እያልኩ ማንበብ ስጀምር ግን እንዳነብ ስለ ሰጠኝ እድል እያመሰገንኩት ጭምር፡፡<\/p>\n

<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

\nይህ አራቱ <\/i><\/span>y<\/span><\/i>ያላን<\/span><\/i>በሚል ርእስ ወደ አማርኛ የተተረጎመው መ<\/span>Î<\/span>ኃ<\/span>Ù <\/span>የአቡነ  በ<\/span>Ð<\/span>ሎተ-ሚካኤል፤ አቡነ ፊል<\/span>Ê<\/span>ስ፤ አቡነ አኖሪዎስና አቡነ አሮን ገድል ነው፡፡ እነዚህ አራቱ <\/span>y<\/span>ያላን ለ<\/span>B<\/span>ይማኖታቸው መስፋፋት ወደር የማይገኝለት ታሪክ የሠሩ፤ <\/span>B<\/span>ይማኖትን ያስፋፉ፤ ብዙ ደቀ መዛሙርት ያስተማሩና ያፈሩ፤ ገዳማትን የመሠረቱ፤ <\/span>B<\/span>ይማኖታዊ<\/span> <\/span>ክርክር አንሥተው በጊዜው ከነበሩ ነገሥታት ጋር ፊት ለፊት የተፋለሙ፤ የደረሰባቸውን ቁጣ፤ ግርፋት፤ እንግልት፤ ስቃይና መከራ፤ እንዲሁም ስደትና ግዞት ለ<\/span>B<\/span>ይማኖታቸው  በ<\/span>ጸጋ<\/span>የተቀበሉና ማንኛውንም መስዋእትነት በ<\/span>B<\/span>ይማኖታቸው በ<\/span>ጽና<\/span>ት የተወጡ ናቸው፡፡<\/p>\n

<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

\n      ሌሎች የታሪክ መ<\/span>Ñ<\/span>ህፍትም እንደሚያስነብቡን ክርክሩ የተጀመረው በአ<\/span>Ñðð<\/span>አምደ <\/span>Ò<\/span>ዮን ዘመነ መንግስት ጊዜ ነው፡፡ እነዚህ ቅዱሳንና ሌሎች የ<\/span>B<\/span>ይማኖት ወንድሞቻቸው ወደ መንግስቱ መቀመጫ ተጉዘው <\/span>B<\/span>ይማኖታችን የሚያዘውን ነገር አልፈ<\/span>Ð<\/span>ምክም በማለት ለምመከርና ለመመለስ በሄዱበት ወቅት ነበር፡፡ የነገሩ ጭብጥ “ለምንት አውሰብከ ብእሲተ አቡከ – ለምን የአባትህን ሚስት አገባህ” የሚል ነበር፡፡ የክሱ ጨብጥ  <\/span>B<\/span>ይማኖታዊ ህግን ጥሰሀል የሚል ነበር፡፡ በጊዜው ንጉሱ ይህንን ተቃውሟል፡፡ የምትጠቅሱት አባቴ አይደለም በሚል፡፡ ንጉሱን በአደባባይ እንደወቀሱት በትእግስት ሊያሰናብታቸው አልፈለገም፡፡ በአደባባይ እንዲገረፉ ከዚያም በግዞት ወደ ትግራይ እንዲሄዱ ተደረገ፡፡<\/p>\n

<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

\n      ከጥቂት አመታት በ<\/span>|<\/span>ላ ተመልሰው በመምጣት ሌላ ጥያቄ አነሱ፡፡ በገዳም ውስጥ በአንድነት የሚኖሩ ወንድና ሴት መነኮሳት መቀመጫ ተለይቶ እዲወሰን ጠየቁ፡፡ በጊዜው ወንድና ሴት መነኮሳት በአንድነት ይኖሩ ነበር፡፡ ቀደም ብሎ በትግራይ ውስጥ የመነኮሳት መኖሪያ የተለያ ቦታ ነበርና ይህ ጥያቄ ወዲያውኑ ተቀባይነትን አገኘ፡፡ ከዚያም በሸዋና በሌሎች አካባቢዎች ተግባራዊ እንዲሆን ተደረገ፡፡<\/p>\n

<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

\n      በሶስተኛ ደረጃ የቅብጡ ሊቀ-ጳጳስ የቅስናና የዲቁና ማዕረግ ለመስጠት ገንዘብ ይቀበላል (<\/span>simony) የሚል ክስ አቀረቡ፡፡ ምክንያቱም እነዚህን የክህነት ማዕረጋት ለመስጠት ገንዘብ ማስከፈል በሐዋርያት የተወገዘ ነበርና፡፡ ንጉሱ  ይህንን ክስ አልተቀበለውም፡፡ የቅብጡ ጳጳስም ከዚህ ቀደም እንደሚደረገው ሁሉ እኔም ተቀብያለሁ ስህተት የለበትም በሚል ክሱን በማጣጣል ካህናቱን አወገዘ፡፡ እነዚህ ካህናትም በግዞት ወደ ዝዋይ ሀይቅ እንዲጋዙ ተደረገ፡፡ በሀካባቢው የእስልምና የመስፋፋት ችግር ስለነበር በዚያ በኩል ለመኖር አይችሉም ይቀጣሉ በሚል እሳቤ፡፡ ነገር ግን ለጥቂት አመታት በዝዋይ አካባቢ ከኖሩ በ<\/span>|<\/span>ላ የአባይን ወንዝ እየተሻገሩ ክርስትናን ለማስፋፋት ወደ ጎጃምና ወደ ጣና ሀይቅ አካባቢ አገሮች በስደት ራቅ ብለው ሄዱ፡፡<\/p>\n

<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

\n      ይህ ክርክር በአ<\/span>Ñðð<\/span> አምደ <\/span>Ò<\/span>ዮን ዘመነ መንግስትና በልጁና በወራሹ በአ<\/span>Ñðð<\/span>ሰይፈ አርእድ ዘመነ መንግስታት ጊዜ ተጠናክሮ ቀጠለ፡፡ ሰይፈ አርእድ ወደ ስልጣን በመጣ ጊዜ በአንዲት ሚስት ተወስኖ ለመኖር አስቀድሞ ቃል የገባ ቢሆንም ቃሉን አክብሮ አልኖረም፡፡ በዘመኑም እነዚህ ቅዱሳን ወደ መቀማጫ ከተማው እየመጡ ከስህተቱ ለመመለስ ሞከሩ፡፡ ነገር ግን አልተሳካላቸውም፡፡ እንዲያውም እንግልቱ፤ ቅጣቱና መጋዙ እተባባሰ ሄደ፡፡ ከዚያም እነዚህ አበው ቅዱሳን ወደ ሩቅ ሀገር፤ በጣም ሞቃታማና ቆላማ ወደ ሆነ ሀገር ተጋዙ፡፡ በረሀብና በጥም እንደዚሁም በስቃይ ሲጠበሱ ከእንደዚህ አይነት ድርጊታቸው ይቆጠባሉ በሚል፡፡<\/p>\n

<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

\n      በመ<\/span>Ò<\/span>ኃፉ ውስጥ እንደምታነቡት አበው ቅዱሳኑ የደረሰባቸው ቅጣት፤ ግርፋትና እንግልት በዘመናችን ካየነው የደርግ ዘመን ተመሳሳይና በጣም ኢሰብአዊ የሆነ ድርጊት ሆኖ እናገኘዋለን፡፡ አንዱ በሃይማኖት ሌላው በፖለቲካ ሰበብ የተፈፀመ፡፡ እንዲያው ለቅንጣት ምሳሌ ያክል ክብራቸውን ለማዋረድና መሳለቂያ ለማድረግ በንጉሱ መቀማጫ ከተማ በአደባባይ ልብሳቸውን አውልቀው እርቃናቸውን እንዲዘዋወሩ ተደረገ፡፡ <\/span>†<\/span>ረ ስንቱ ይነሳል፡፡ እነርሱ ግን በአቋማቸው <\/span>Ð<\/span>ንተው የሀይማኖታቸውን ስነ-ምግባር አጥብቀው ያዙ፡፡ ባላቸው ሀይማኖታዊ <\/span>Ò<\/span>ናት ግፉና መከራውን እንዲሁም ግርፋቱንና ስቃዩን በፍስሀ ተቀበሉት፡፡ ስደቱንና ግዞቱን እንደ ቀላል ችግር ተጋፈጡት፡፡ በደረሰው አለማዊና ዘግናኝ ቅጣት የወደቁትንና መስዋዕት የሆኑትን ብዙሀኑን የሀይማኖት ወንድሞቻቸውንና እህቶቻቸውን አርማ ተሸክመው እስከመጨረሻው ድረስ <\/span>Ð<\/span>ንተው መንከራተቱንና ስቃዩን በአምላክ ስም አሸነፉ፡፡<\/p>\n

<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

\n      በዚህ መ<\/span>ጽሐ<\/span>ፍ ውስጥ የምናገኘው ነገር አቡነ ያእቆብ በተባሉ የቅብጥ ሊቀ-ጳጳስ ዘመነ ፕትረክና ሀይማኖትን ለማስፋፋት ሲባል ኢትዮጵያ በአስራ ሁለት አገረ ስብከታት መከፋፈሉዋንና መምህራን መመደባቸውን ነው፡፡ ይህ ሊቀ ጳጳስ የአቡነ ተክለ-ኃይማኖትን አስራ ሁለት ደቀ መዝሙራትንና የደብረ ሊባኖስ ገዳም ምሩቃንን በመመደብ አገሪቱን ከፋፍሎ እንዲስተምሩ አሰማራቸው፡፡ በዚህ የለውጥ እንቅስቃሴና ቅዱሳኑ በተደረገባቸው መጋዝ ቤተ ክርስቲያንዋ ተስፋፋች፡፡ የሀገረ-ስብከት መከፋፈልም መሰረት ተጣለ፡፡ በቅብጡ ሊቀ ጳጳስ የተፈለመው ብቸኛ የለውጥ መንፈስ ከቅብጥ ከሊቀ ጳጳሳት መካከል ይህ ሊቀ ጳጳስ ብቻ ስሙ በበጎ ሲዘከር የሚኖር ነው፡፡<\/p>\n

<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

\n      በዚህ መ<\/span>ጽሐ<\/span>ፍ ውስጥ ከምናገኛቸው አያሌ ቁም ነገራት መካካል በጣም ጥቂቶቹ የሚከተሉት ናቸው፡፡ የሀገራችን ገድላት፤ ታሪከ ነገስታትና ሌሎች ጥንታዊ <\/span>Ò<\/span>ሁፎች በግእዝ የተ<\/span>Ñ<\/span>ፉትን ወጣቱ ትውልድ ምን እንደተሰራ ለማወቅ ይቸግረዋል፡፡ የሀይማኖት ታሪክን፤ ድርሳናትን፡ ገድላትንና አለማዊ የጥንት ታሪከ ነገስታትን የማንበብና የመመርመር ፍላጎት በአእምሮው ካልሰረ<\/span>Ð <\/span>በስተቀር፡፡ በቅርቡ ልናገኛቸው የምንችላቸው ገድላት፤ ወይንም በሌላ የውጭ <\/span>k<\/span>ን<\/span>k <\/span>ተተርጉመው የሚገኙና እኛ ግን በቅርብ የማናገኛቸው፤ እንዲሁም የት እንደሚገኙ ለማናውቅ ሁሉ ዘለግ ያለ እድሜና ብርታት ለዲያቆን ዳንኤል ክብረት ይድረሰውና እነሆ ይህንን መ<\/span>Ò<\/span>ኃፍ በእጃችን መዳፍ ውስጥ  አስገባልን፡፡ ለመንፈሳዊ ተማሪዎች፤ ለሃይማኖትና ለታሪክ፤ በተጨማሪም ለሌሎች ምሁራን፤ እንዲሁም አግባብነት ላላቸው ሌሎች የትምህርት ዘርፎች የሚረዱ ዋቢ መ<\/span>ጻሕ<\/span>ፍት ያልተተረጎሙትንና በእጃችን ያልገቡትን ስራዎች የሚችሉ ሁሉ ተርጉመው እንዲያቀርቡልን ይህ ስራ ያበረታታል፡፡                       <\/p>\n

<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

\n      ባለፉት ክፍለ ዘመናት በሀገራችን በደረሰው የፖለቲካ ምስቅልቅል፤ ጦርነትና የህዝብ ፍልሰት በመካከለኛው ዘመን የጥንት የቦታ ስያሜዎች አንድም ተረስተዋል፤ ጠፍተዋል ወይንም በሌላ አዲስ ስም ተተክተዋል፡፡ የጥንቱን ዋና የመረጃ መጻሕፍትን ለሚያነብ ተመራማሪ እነዚህን የጥንት ስያሜዎች የት አካባቢ እንደነበሩ ለማወቅ አስቸጋሪ ሆኗል፡፡ ትልቅ የ<\/span>ራስ ምታትም ነው፡፡ እነሆ በዚህ መፅሀፍ ዲያቆን ዳንኤል ደከመኝ ሰለቸኝ ሳይል የጥንቱን ስያሜ ይዞ ታሪኩ ተፈፅሞባቸዋል በሚባሉት አካባቢዎች ተዘዋውሮ የአብዛኞቹን ቦታዎች የጥንት አካባቢ ሊደርስባቸው ችሏል፡፡ አብዛኞቹም ስማቸው ተቀይሮ በሌላ ተተክቷል፡፡ አንዳንዶቹም ትንሸ ለወጥ ብሎ ሙሉ ለሙሉ ሳይጠፉ ተገኝተዋል፡፡ ይህን ለማድረግ ለብዙ ቀናት ሳይሰለች አቀበትና ቁልቁለት፤ ሸለቆና ወንዝ ሳይበግረው የጥንቱን አካባቢ ሊለይ በመቻሉ አድናቆት ይገባዋል፡፡ በግርጌ ማስታዎሻ ሰፋ ካለ ማብራሪያ ጋር አቅርቦልናል፡፡ ስሞቹ የተገኙበትን ሌሎች መረጃዎችንም አካቶልናል፡፡ በአገራችን ጥናቱ ስለተደረገበት ዘመንና ለሌላም ነገር የፖለቲካ ካርታ የሌለ ቢሆንም ይህንን ስራ ይዘው ለመቀጠል ለሚፈልጉ ጎዳናውን አስቀድሞ ጠርጎ መንገዱን አመቻችቶላቸዋል፡፡ <\/p>\n

<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

      እነዚህ አበው ቅዱሳን የደረሰባቸው ስቃይና እንግልት፤ እስራትና ግዞት ምን ያህል ስር የሰደደ እንደነበር በግልፅ ያስተምረናል፡፡ ለመሆኑ የእግዚአብሄርን ስም አንግበው የሃይማኖት ስራ ሲሰሩ ህይወታቸውን ሁሉ ለተንገላቱ አበው ቅዱሳን በክርስቲያኑ መንግስት ይህ ስቃይ ይገባቸው ነበርን ብለን ታሪኩን በጥልቀት እንድንመረምር ይረዳናል፡፡ አሁን በቅርቡ በተለያዩ ሀገራት የእኛንም ጨምር በፖለቲካ ጉዳዮች ዜጎች የደረሰባቸውን መጎሳቆልና መንገላታት ስናጤን አበው ቅዱሳን አባቶቻችን ያለፉበትን የስቃይ ዘመን እንድንገመግም እንገደዳለን፡፡ ሌላው ቀርቶ አሁን በቅርቡ በደርግ መንግስት ያለቁትን የቀይና የነጭ ሽብር ሰለባዎችን ስናስብ ወጣቱ ትውልድ በስንት አይነት ጣእርና ስቃይ ተለብልበው እንዳለቁ ለመገንዘብ ይረዳናል፡<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/div>\n

\n      ሌሎች ተመራማሪዎች አዲስ መረጃ በማግኘታቸው ሰፊና ጥልቅ ምርምር አካሂደው ታሪኩን አገናዝበው እንደሚያስነብቡን አልጠራጠርም፡፡ በዚህ አጋጣሚ የደቂቀ እስጢፋኖስ ተከታዮች የደረሰባቸውን እልቂትና ጭፍጨፋ ከጥቂት አመታት በፊት ፕሮፌሰር ጌታቸው ኃይሌ ከግእዝ ተርጉመው ያቀረቡልንን መፅኃፍ ያነበባችሁት ስለሆነ ነገሬን እዚሁ ል<\/span>k<\/span>ጭ፡፡ <\/p>\n

<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

      ዲያቆን ዳንኤልን ሊያስመሰግነው ከሚገባው ስራ መካከልም በብዙ ድካም የግርጌ ማስተወሻውን ፅፎ ማካተቱ ነው፡፡ በግርጌ ማስታወሻ የተዘረዘሩት ማብራሪያና መግለጫ እጅግ አድካሚ ስራ ነው፡፡ ይሁንና ስራውን ምን ያህል አድቅቆ እንደሰለቀው ግልፅ ያደርግልናል፡፡ በተጨማሪም ተካቶ የቀረበው የቦታና የሰው ስም መዘርዝር እጅግ ጠቃሚ ነው፡፡ ይህም አታካችና አድካሚ ሲሆን በምንም ሁኔታ ሰሞች እንዳይረሱ ሳይፃፉ እንዳይቀሩ ለማድረግ በተደጋጋሚ የተደረገውን የአርትኦት ትኩረት ነው፡፡ ሰለ አንድ ነገር ለማወቅ የሚፈልግ ሰው መፅሀፉን ገፅ በገፅ አንብቦ የሚፈልገውን ስም በቶሎ ለማግኘት የሚረዳ በመሆኑ ስራን ያቃልላል፡፡ የህትመት ስራ የናረ ባይሆን ኖሮ የግእዙ ፅሁፍ ቢካተት ጥሩ ነበር፡፡ <\/p>\n

<\/span><\/div>\n

\n      ይህ ጥልቅ ስራ ሌሎች ተመራማሪዎች የርሱን አርአያነት ተከትለው እንዲህ አይነቱን የትርጉም ስራ ለመስራት ያነሳሳቸዋል፡፡ በሀገራችን የተደረሱ ብዙ ስራዎች እንዲሁም ከተለያዩ የውጭ <\/span>k<\/span>ን<\/span>k <\/span>ወደ ግእዝ የተተረጎሙ የብዙ መ<\/span>ጻሕ<\/span>ፍት ትርጉም ስራ ገና አልተነካም፡፡ ይህ የማንቂያ ደወል በብዙ ሰዎች ጆሮ ላይ ሊደውል ይገባል፡፡ በተለይም የቤተ-ክርስቲያናችን ካህናትና ምሁራን – ከሊቅ እስከ ደቂቅ – ይህንን የትርጉም ስራ ስራየ ብለው እንዲጀምሩት ይሞግታቸዋል ያበራታታቸዋልም ብየ እገምታለሁ፡፡ በተለይም ጠቅላይ ቤተ-ክህነትም ሆነ የባህል ሚኒስቴር ሊያስቡበት ይገባል፡፡ ምንም እንኳ የተጠናከረ ድርጅትና የስራ ተነሳሽነት የሚያስፈልገው ቢሆንም በተለይ ጠቅላይ ቤተ-ክህነት እኔ አለሁ ብሎ ብእሩን ሊያነሳ ይገባል፡፡ <\/p>\n

<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

\n      ስራው መበረታታት ያለበት ከግእዝ ወደ አማርኛ <\/span>k<\/span>ን<\/span>k <\/span>በመተርጎሙ ብቻ መሆን የለበትም፡፡ ወደ ሌሎች የብሄረሰብ <\/span>k<\/span>ን<\/span>k<\/span>ዎች ቀስ በቀስና በጊዜ ሂደት ስራው መጀመር ያለበት መሆኑ ጭምር ነው፡፡ በጊዜ ሂደት ከታሰበው መድረስ ስለሚቻል አቢይ ቁም ነገሩ ለመጀመር ቆርጦ መነሳሳቱ ላይ ነው፡፡ <\/p>\n

<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

      ለማጠቃለል ያህል ዲያቆን ዳንኤል ክብረት ስለ ሰራኸው ስራ በጣም አመሰግናለሁ፡፡ የድካምህን ዋጋ ባለቤቱ ይክፈልህ፡፡ ሌሎች ሰራዎችህንም አሁን የተወጠኑት ጨምሮ በተከታታይ እድታስነብበን በትህትና እመኛለሁ፡፡ ቅዱሳን አበውን የባረከ አምላክ አንተንና ቤተሰብህን ይባርክ፡፡<\/p>\n

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አመሰግናለሁ፡፡            <\/p>\n

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\n     <\/span>           <\/span> <\/span>     <\/p>\n

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Read more ›<\/a><\/div>\n

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