{"id":125239,"date":"2013-11-05T03:08:00","date_gmt":"2013-11-05T08:08:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mereja.com\/amharic\/?guid=c37bef34fc030e822d71d539c7037813"},"modified":"2013-11-05T03:08:00","modified_gmt":"2013-11-05T08:08:00","slug":"%e1%8b%a8%e1%88%8c%e1%88%88%e1%8b%8d%e1%8a%95-%e1%8d%8d%e1%88%88%e1%8c%8b-%e1%8a%ad%e1%8d%8d%e1%88%8d-%e1%88%81%e1%88%88%e1%89%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mereja.net\/amharic\/125239","title":{"rendered":"\u12e8\u120c\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u134d\u1208\u130b – \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u1201\u1208\u1275"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u1260\u12ed\u121d\u122d\u1210\u1290 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1276\u1235 \u1323\u122b \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1298\u12cd \u12e8\u12f3\u12ca\u1275 \u12ae\u12a8\u1265<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\u1263\u1208\u1348\u12cd \u1233\u121d\u1295\u1275 \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u1308\u1265\u1228 \u12a0\u1265 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1270 \u12eb\u1290\u1223\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1290\u1325\u1266\u127d \u121b\u12e8\u1275 \u1300\u121d\u1228\u1295 \u2039\u12e8\u1226\u1235\u1271\u1295 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1276\u127d\u203a \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u1208\u12db\u122c \u12a0\u1246\u12ed\u1270\u1290\u12cd \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u1240\u1325\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
1)        <\/span><\/span>\u12e8\u1230\u1263\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u1218\u12ad\u12d8 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12e8\u1320\u1240\u1233\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1230\u1263\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u1218\u12ad\u12d8 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u12e8\u1209\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1235\u12ab\u1201\u1295\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u122d\u1231 \u1348\u1320\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1293\u1308\u1229 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u121b\u1235\u1228\u1303 \u12eb\u1218\u1321 \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u1308\u1299\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u12eb\u1290\u1223\u12cd \u12e8\u130d\u1265\u133d \u1264\u1270 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295 \u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275\u121d \u1235\u1208 \u133d\u120b\u120d\u123d (\u12a2\u1272\u1233) \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u1235\u1208 \u1230\u1263\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u1218\u12ad\u12d8 \u120c\u120b \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u12a0\u12ed\u1293\u1308\u122d\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1270 \u120d\u12e9 \u120d\u12e9 \u1245\u1305\u12ce\u127d \u1262\u1308\u1299\u121d \u1201\u1209\u121d \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u12c8\u1208\u12f1\u1260\u1275 \u1266\u1273\u1363 \u1260\u1270\u12c8\u1208\u12f1\u1260\u1275 \u12d8\u1218\u1295\u1363 \u1260\u12c8\u120b\u1306\u127b\u1278\u12cd \u1235\u121d\u1363 \u1260\u1220\u122f\u1278\u12cd \u1225\u122b\u12ce\u127d\u1293 \u1260\u1308\u12f3\u121b\u1278\u12cd \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1270\u122d\u12a9\u1275 \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1270\u1218\u1233\u1233\u12ed \u1290\u12cd(<\/span>Encyclopedia Aethiopica, Vol., IV,.P.833) <\/span>\u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u1273\u120b\u1241\u1295 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad\u1293 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1325\u1295\u1273\u12cd\u12eb\u1295 \u1218\u12db\u130d\u1265\u1275 \u120a\u1245 \u1355\u122e\u134c\u1230\u122d \u130c\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u1283\u12ed\u120c\u1295 \u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u1235\u1320\u12ed\u1243\u1278\u12cd \u2039\u12a0\u1208\u129d \u12eb\u1208 \u121b\u1235\u1228\u1303\u12cd\u1295 \u12eb\u121d\u1323\u1363 \u12e8\u1208\u121d \u12e8\u121d\u1295\u1208\u12cd \u1348\u120d\u1308\u1295 \u120d\u1293\u1218\u1323 \u12a0\u1295\u1308\u12f0\u12f5\u121d\u203a\u203a \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1209\u1275 \u12a0\u1208\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1209\u1275 \u12a5\u1235\u12aa\u12eb\u1218\u1321 \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u12e8\u121d\u1293\u12cd\u1240\u12cd\u1295 \u12ed\u12d8\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u1240\u1325\u120b\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
2) \u1218\u122b \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u120d \u1295\u1309\u1225 \u1290\u1260\u1228\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u120a\u1263\u1296\u1235 \u12d8\u123a\u121d\u12db\u1293(\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b) \u12a5\u1293 \u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u1210\u12ed\u1245 \u1218\u12db\u130d\u1265\u1275 \u12a8\u1206\u1290 \u1218\u122b \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u12e8\u12db\u130d\u12cc \u1225\u122d\u12c8 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1218\u1225\u122b\u127d \u1295\u1309\u1225 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u2039\u1244\u1235\u203a \u12a0\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1228\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12db\u130d\u12cc\u1295 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1270 \u12e8\u1270\u133b\u1349 \u12e8\u12db\u130d\u12cc \u1245\u12f1\u1233\u1295 \u1308\u12f5\u120e\u127d(\u1354\u1229\u123e \u12e8\u133b\u1348\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u120b\u120a\u1260\u120b \u1218\u1245\u12f5\u121d \u1218\u1218\u120d\u12a8\u1275) \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u12a0\u12ed\u1290\u130d\u1229\u1295\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u1265\u127b \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u12db\u130d\u12cc\u1295 \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12eb\u1320\u1291\u1275 \u120a\u1243\u12cd\u1295\u1275(\u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c <\/span>E. A. Wallis Budge, A History of Ethiopia, London, 1928; Sergew Hable Sellassie, Ancient and Medieval Ethiopian History)<\/span> \u1218\u122b \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u1244\u1235 \u1290\u1260\u1228 \u12a0\u12ed\u1209\u1295\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u120b\u1235\u1273 \u1275\u12cd\u134a\u1275\u121d \u12ed\u1205\u1295 \u12a0\u12ed\u1293\u1308\u122d\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u120b\u1235\u1273 \u12a0\u12f5\u1263\u122b\u1275\u1293 \u1308\u12f3\u121b\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1233\u1209\u1275 \u1245\u12f1\u1233\u1295 \u12a0\u122b\u1271 \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u1293\u1278\u12cd (\u1245\u12f1\u1235 \u120b\u120a\u1260\u120b\u1363 \u1245\u12f1\u1235 \u1210\u122d\u1264(\u1308\u1265\u1228 \u121b\u122d\u12eb\u121d)\u1363 \u1245\u12f1\u1235 \u12ed\u121d\u122d\u1210\u1290 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1276\u1235\u1293 \u1245\u12f1\u1235 \u1290\u12a0\u12a9\u1276 \u1208\u12a0\u1265)\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205\u121d \u12ad\u1205\u1290\u1275\u1293 \u1295\u130d\u1225\u1293\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u12eb\u12d8 \u12e8\u121a\u1290\u1308\u1228\u12cd \u12ed\u121d\u122d\u1210\u1290 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1276\u1235 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1348\u120d\u1308\u12cd\u1295 \u1265\u127b \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u1290\u1308\u1228\u1295\u1361\u1361  <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1260\u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u12e8\u1226\u1235\u1275 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u1308\u12f5\u120d \u1270\u1240\u120b\u1245\u120f\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u1295 \u121b\u1235\u1228\u1303 \u12a0\u120d\u1263 \u1215\u120d\u121d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361  <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u1235\u1208 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u133b\u1348\u12cd \u1260\u1308\u12f5\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u1265\u127b \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1265\u12d9 \u1325\u1295\u1273\u12cd\u12eb\u1295 \u1218\u12db\u130d\u1265\u1275\u121d \u132d\u121d\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u1302\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u12a2\u12e8\u1231\u1235 \u121e\u12a0(\u12c8\u120e)\u1363 \u1260\u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u134a\u120d\u1336\u1235\u1363 \u1260\u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u12a0\u1296\u122c\u12ce\u1235(\u1263\u120c)\u1363 \u1260\u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u12a5\u1295\u12f5\u122d\u12eb\u1235(\u12f0\u1261\u1265 \u130e\u1295\u12f0\u122d) \u1260\u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u134a\u120d\u1336\u1235 \u12d8\u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u1262\u12d8\u1295 (\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u1363 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u12cd\u121d \u1260 \u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u1262\u12d8\u1291(\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b) \u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u134a\u120d\u1336\u1235 \u12c8\u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u12ee\u1210\u1295\u1235 \u120b\u12ed \u12a8\u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u12a0\u120d\u134e \u12e8\u12a5\u122d\u1233\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12f0\u1240 \u1218\u12db\u1219\u122d\u1275 \u12dd\u122d\u12dd\u122d \u1260\u121a\u1308\u1263 \u12ed\u1290\u130d\u1228\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 <\/span>C. Conti Rossini, Gadla Filipos e il Gadla Yohannes,1901, P.156<\/span>)\u1363 \u1260\u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u12dc\u1293 \u121b\u122d\u1246\u1235(\u1230\u121c\u1295 \u1238\u12cb)\u1363 \u1260\u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u1240\u12cd\u1235\u1326\u1235\u1363 \u1260\u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u12d5\u1295\u1263\u1246\u121d(\u12c8\u1208\u130b\u1293 \u121d\u12d5\u122b\u1265 \u1238\u12cb)\u1363 \u1260\u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1210\u12cb\u122d\u12eb\u1275(\u121d\u12d5\u122b\u1265 \u1238\u12cb)\u1363 \u1260\u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u12a0\u120d\u134b(\u121d\u1225\u122b\u1245 \u130e\u1303\u121d)\u1363 \u1260\u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u1218\u12f5\u1283\u1292\u1290 \u12a5\u130d\u12da\u12a5(\u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed)\u1363 \u1260\u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u12a4\u12ce\u1235\u1323\u1274\u12ce\u1235(\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b)\u1363 \u1260\u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u1233\u1219\u12a4\u120d \u12d8\u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u12c8\u1308\u130d(\u121d\u12d5\u122b\u1265 \u1210\u1228\u122d\u130c)\u1363 \u1270\u133d\u134e \u12ed\u1308\u129b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12d8\u1218\u1293\u1275 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122a\u1271 \u12ad\u134d\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u133b\u1349 \u1308\u12f5\u120e\u127d \u1260\u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u120a\u1263\u1296\u1235 \u126012\u129b\u12cd \u1218\u12ad\u12d8 \u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b\u1293 \u126013\u129b\u12cd \u1218\u12ad\u12d8 \u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u1209 \u12a0\u1263\u1275 \u1270\u1290\u1225\u1270\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1290\u1260\u1228 \u1273\u122a\u12ab\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u132d\u122d\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u1260\u1235\u134b\u1275 \u12ed\u1290\u130d\u1229\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12a8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12cd\u12eb\u1295\u121d \u12cd\u132d \u126016\u129317\u129b\u12cd \u1218\u12ad\u12d8 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1218\u1325\u1270\u12cd \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u12a5\u1290 \u12a2\u121b\u1291\u12a4\u120d \u12a0\u120d\u121c\u12f3\u1293 \u1353\u12f5\u122e \u1353\u12a4\u12dd \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1260\u1218\u1321 \u130a\u12dc \u12eb\u1308\u1299\u1275\u1295 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1218\u1290\u123b \u1235\u1208 \u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u12a0\u1235\u1266\u12cd \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u133d\u1348\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u120c\u120b \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u1235\u1208\u1218\u1296\u1229 \u130d\u1295 \u12eb\u1290\u1221\u1275 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12e8\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u1260\u122d\u130d\u1325 \u12a0\u120d\u121c\u12f3 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275\u1295 \u1260\u1230\u1263\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1260\u1235\u121d\u1295\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u1218\u12ad\u12d8 \u12e8\u1270\u1290\u1221 \u1293\u1278\u12cd \u1265\u120e \u1308\u121d\u1277\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12c8\u12f0\u12da\u1205 \u130d\u121d\u1275 \u12e8\u12c8\u1230\u12f0\u12cd \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12cd\u12eb\u1295\u1295 \u1308\u12f5\u120b\u1275 \u12a0\u133b\u133b\u134d \u1263\u1208\u1241 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12ae\u1295\u1272 \u122e\u1232\u1292 \u2039\u2039\u12c8\u12f0 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1325\u1293\u1275 \u12ed\u1260\u120d\u1325 \u122b\u1234\u1295 \u1263\u1235\u1308\u1263\u1201 \u1241\u1325\u122d \u1200\u1308\u122b\u12ca\u12cd\u1295 \u1275\u12cd\u134a\u1275 \u121b\u12c8\u1245 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1208\u1265\u129d \u12ed\u1260\u120d\u1325 \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1228\u12f3\u1201 \u1218\u1325\u127b\u1208\u1201\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u1200\u1308\u122b\u12ca \u1275\u12cd\u134a\u1275\u1363 \u12a8\u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d\u1295 \u1295\u1245\u1293\u1244 \u1273\u122a\u12ad\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u12a8\u1273\u1273\u12ed \u1218\u122a\u12ce\u1279 \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u130b\u122d(\u121d\u1295\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f4 \u12a0\u1348 \u1273\u122a\u12ad\u121d \u1262\u1206\u1295) \u12a5\u12eb\u12c8\u1245\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u1323\u1295 \u1241\u1325\u122d \u1235\u1208 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u122d\u130d\u1320\u129b \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u130d\u1295\u12db\u1264 \u12ed\u1296\u1228\u1293\u120d\u203a\u203a \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1208\u12cd(<\/span>C. Conti Rossini, “Note di agiografia etiopica (Abiya- Egzi, Arkaledes e Gabra Iyesus),” Rassegna di studi orientali, 17(1938), 409-10. ) <\/span><\/b>\u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1295 \u1263\u1205\u120d<\/span> \u1293 \u1275\u12cd\u134a\u1275 \u12ab\u120b\u12c8\u1241 \u12e8\u121a\u1348\u1320\u1228\u12cd\u1295 \u1235\u1215\u1270\u1275 \u1290\u12cd \u12a0\u120d\u121c\u12f3 \u12e8\u1348\u1320\u1228\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c \u12a0\u120d\u121c\u12f3 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u121b\u1233\u12eb \u12eb\u1290\u1223\u12cd \u2039\u1260\u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1235\u1208 \u1219\u1235\u120a\u121e\u127d \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u1308\u1208\u1320\u121d\u203a \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u1208\u129b\u12cd \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1308\u12f5\u120e\u127d \u130d\u1295 \u12a8\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u12cd\u132d \u12eb\u1209\u1275\u1295 \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u2039\u1270\u1295\u1263\u120b\u1275\u203a \u12a5\u12eb\u1209 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u122f\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1219\u1235\u120a\u121d \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12a5\u1235\u120b\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1235\u121d \u1260\u121a\u1308\u1263 \u12e8\u121d\u1293\u1308\u1298\u12cd \u12e8\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295 \u1219\u1235\u120a\u121d \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u12e8\u123b\u12a8\u1228 \u1260\u1218\u1323\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u1208\u129b\u12cd \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b\u12ce\u1279 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275\u1293 \u12a8\u130d\u122b\u129d \u12a0\u1215\u1218\u12f5 \u1326\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u12a0\u1296\u122c\u12ce\u1235\u1363 \u1260\u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u12a0\u122e\u1295\u1363 \u1260\u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u1260\u1338\u120e\u1270 \u121a\u12ab\u12a4\u120d\u1293 \u1260\u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u134a\u120d\u1336\u1235\u121d \u1260\u1270\u1218\u1233\u1233\u12ed \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1298\u12cd\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275\u1295 \u12a8\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u121b\u12eb\u12eb\u12dd \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1260\u1270\u1235\u134b\u12ec \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u1300\u1218\u1228\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u12a0\u12ab\u120b\u1275\u121d \u1232\u12eb\u122b\u121d\u12f1\u1275 \u12e8\u1296\u1229\u1293 \u12e8\u121a\u122b\u121d\u12f1\u1275\u121d \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1228\u1308\u12f5 \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u1320\u1291 \u1226\u1235\u1275 \u1290\u1308\u122e\u127d \u12a0\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1295\u12f0\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u1230\u120e\u121e\u1293\u12ca \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u121d\u1208\u1233 (<\/span>Restoration) <\/span>\u12e8\u121a\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u1290\u1308\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u121d\u1208\u1233 \u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u121a\u1293 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12a9 \u121d\u132e\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n
<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u12e8\u1295\u1309\u1225 \u1210\u122d\u1264 \u12e8\u12f3\u12ca\u1275 \u12ae\u12a8\u1265 \u12eb\u1208\u1260\u1275 \u121b\u1285\u1270\u121d<\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a5\u12cd\u1290\u1271 \u12a8\u1206\u1290 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1260\u12a0\u12a9\u1235\u121d \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229 \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u122b\u1233\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1230\u120e\u121e\u1293\u12cd\u12eb\u1295 \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u1320\u1229\u1260\u1275 \u1218\u1228\u1303 \u12e8\u1208\u1295\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1208\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u130d\u1295 \u122b\u1233\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a8\u12a2\u12e8\u1229\u1233\u120c\u121d\u1293 \u12a8\u1245\u12f5\u1235\u1275 \u1200\u1308\u122d \u130b\u122d \u121b\u12eb\u12eb\u12dd \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u1218\u12f0 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1228\u1308\u12f5\u121d \u12e8\u12db\u130d\u12cc \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u1230\u120e\u121e\u1293\u12cd\u12eb\u1295 \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u1206\u1291\u1260\u1275 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275\u121d \u12e8\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u12cd\u121d \u1208\u1230\u120e\u121e\u1293\u12ca\u1290\u1271 \u12a8\u128b\u1208\u129e\u1279 \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u12ed\u120d\u1245 \u12e8\u12db\u130d\u12cc \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u12ed\u1240\u122d\u1263\u1209\u1361\u1361\u1260\u12cd\u1245\u122d \u1264\u1270 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1296\u127b\u1278\u12cd\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u1260\u121b\u1285\u1270\u121e\u127b\u1278\u12cd \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u12f3\u12ca\u1275\u1295 \u12ae\u12a8\u1265 \u1260\u1265\u12db\u1275 \u12a5\u1293\u12e8\u12cb\u1208\u1295\u1361\u1361 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a2\u12e8\u1229\u1233\u120c\u121d \u1260\u1218\u1204\u12f5\u121d \u12e8\u12db\u130d\u12cc \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u12ed\u1260\u120d\u1323\u1209\u1361\u1361 \u1245\u12f1\u1235 \u120b\u120a\u1260\u120b\u121d \u12e8\u122e\u1210\u1295 \u12a0\u1265\u12eb\u1270 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1293\u1275 \u1232\u12eb\u1295\u133d \u12a2\u12e8\u1229\u1233\u120c\u121d\u1295 \u12a5\u12eb\u1235\u1273\u12c8\u1230 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u2039\u1230\u120e\u121e\u1293\u12cd\u12eb\u1295\u203a \u12a8\u1270\u1263\u1275 \u12e8\u12ed\u12a9\u1296 \u12a0\u121d\u120b\u12ad \u12d8\u122e\u127d \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u12c8\u1308\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f5\u121d \u1295\u1309\u1225 \u12a2\u12e8\u1229\u1233\u120c\u121d \u1204\u12f0 \u1270\u1265\u120e \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u133b\u1348\u1208\u1275\u121d\u1363 \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u1290\u1308\u1228\u1208\u1275\u121d\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12db\u130d\u12cc \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275\u1295 \u130d\u1295 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a2\u12e8\u1229\u1233\u120c\u121d \u1260\u1218\u1204\u12f5 \u12e8\u121a\u1270\u12ab\u12a8\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1208\u121d\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12e8\u12a0\u12a9\u1235\u121d\u1295 \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275 (\u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed \u12d0\u1344 \u12ab\u120c\u1265\u1293 \u12d0\u1344 \u1308\u1265\u1228 \u1218\u1235\u1240\u120d \u1260\u12c8\u120e \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u12a0\u12eb\u120c \u12a0\u1265\u12eb\u1270 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1293\u1275\u1295 \u1270\u12ad\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12db\u130d\u12cc \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275\u121d (\u1260\u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u120a\u1263\u1296\u1235 \u12d8\u123a\u121d\u12db\u1293 \u12c8\u1295\u130c\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1270\u1308\u1208\u1320\u12cd) \u1208\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b\u1293 \u1275\u130d\u122b\u12ed \u1308\u12f3\u121b\u1275 \u122d\u1235\u1275 \u1230\u1325\u1270\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1230\u120e\u121e\u1293\u12ca \u1225\u122d\u12c8 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1218\u120b\u123d \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u12ed\u12a9\u1296 \u12a0\u121d\u120b\u12ad\u121d \u1262\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u12a5\u1293\u1271 \u12e8\u1261\u130d\u1293 \u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1305 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12cd\u1275\u12f5\u122d\u1293 \u1270\u1240\u1325\u122e \u12e8\u1296\u1228\u12cd\u121d \u1261\u130d\u1293 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u1270\u121b\u1228\u12cd\u121d \u12c8\u120e \u1210\u12ed\u1245 \u12a5\u1235\u1322\u134b\u1296\u1235 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u12a2\u12e8\u1231\u1235 \u121e\u12a0 \u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f3\u1278\u12cd \u1261\u130d\u1293 \u1235\u1208\u1206\u1290 \u1290\u12cd \u12ed\u12a9\u1296 \u12a0\u121d\u120b\u12ad \u12c8\u12f0 \u1210\u12ed\u1245 \u1208\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u12e8\u1204\u12f0\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u122d\u1231 \u1232\u1290\u130d\u1225\u121d \u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u12eb\u1233\u1290\u1338\u12cd \u12e8\u12c8\u120e\u12cb\u1295 \u1308\u1290\u1270 \u121b\u122d\u12eb\u121d\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u133d\u1219\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1298\u12cd \u1260\u12c8\u120e\u12cb \u12a0\u1275\u122e\u1295\u1230 \u121b\u122d\u12eb\u121d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u12a9\u1296 \u12a0\u121d\u120b\u12ad \u1260\u1238\u12cb \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1235\u1219 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u1245\u122d\u1231 \u12eb\u1208 \u12a0\u12ed\u1218\u1235\u120d\u121d\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12ed\u12a9\u1296 \u12a0\u121d\u120b\u12ad \u12c8\u12f0 \u1238\u12cb \u12e8\u12c8\u1228\u12f0\u12cd \u12a5\u122d\u1231 \u1238\u12ec \u1235\u1208\u1206\u1290 \u12a0\u12ed\u1218\u1235\u120d\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12db\u130d\u12cc \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u12e8\u1260\u1228\u1273 \u1283\u12ed\u120d \u12a8\u121a\u1308\u129d\u1260\u1275 \u12a8\u12c8\u120e \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u1208\u1218\u1238\u123d\u1293 \u12e8\u12f0\u1261\u1261\u1295 \u1283\u12ed\u120d \u1208\u121b\u1230\u1263\u1230\u1265 \u12a5\u1295\u1302\u1361\u1361 \u12ae\u1295\u1272 \u122e\u1232\u1292 \u12a8\u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12a0\u130d\u129d\u1276 \u1263\u1233\u1270\u1218\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f5 \u1325\u1295\u1273\u12ca \u12e8\u1265\u122b\u1293 \u133d\u1211\u134d \u120b\u12ed  \u2039\u2039(\u12e8\u12ed\u12a9\u1296 \u12a0\u121d\u120b\u12ad \u1220\u122b\u12ca\u1275) \u1230\u1263\u1271 \u1309\u12f0\u121d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1290\u122d\u1231\u121d \u12c8\u130d\u12f3 – \u1218\u1208\u12db\u12ed\u1363 \u12f2\u1295\u1262 – \u12f3\u1263\u122b\u12ed\u1363 \u1219\u1308\u122d – \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12db\u1262\u1363 \u12c8\u1305 – \u12a5\u1290\u130b\u122a\u1363 \u12c8\u1228\u1265 – \u12a5\u1290\u12ab\u134c\u1363 \u133d\u120b\u120b\u123d \u12a5\u1290 \u130b\u134c \u12a5\u1293 \u1219\u12cb\u12ed – \u12a0\u12cd\u12e3\u12e3\u12ed \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12a5\u1290\u122d\u1231\u121d \u12a0\u1208\u1243 \u1218\u1208\u12db\u12ed \u12a8\u1295\u1309\u1221 \u130b\u122d \u1243\u120d \u12aa\u12f3\u1295 \u12a0\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u1364 \u1270\u12cb\u130d\u1276\u121d \u1320\u120b\u1276\u1279\u1295 \u12f5\u120d \u1290\u1223\u203a\u203a \u12ed\u120b\u120d (<\/span>Taddesse Tamrat, Ethnic Interaction and Integration In Ethiopian History: The case of The Gafat, JES, Vol. XXI,1988, P. 125) <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12ed\u12a9\u1296 \u12a0\u121d\u120b\u12ad \u12e8\u12db\u130d\u12cc \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275\u1295 \u120a\u12eb\u1238\u1295\u134d \u12e8\u127b\u1208\u12cd \u1260\u12da\u12eb \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1260\u1325\u1260\u1260 \u12d5\u12f5 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u1348\u1320\u1229\u1275(\u1230\u1263\u1275 \u1309\u12f3\u121d) \u130b\u134b\u1276\u127d \u122d\u12f3\u1273 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u121d\u1295\u130a\u12dc\u121d \u12e8\u1218\u1223\u122a\u12eb \u1283\u12ed\u120d \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u12eb\u1238\u1295\u134b\u120d\u1293\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u12a9\u1296 \u12a0\u121d\u120b\u12ad \u12c8\u12f0 \u1238\u12cb \u1263\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u12cd \u1218\u1235\u134b\u134b\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u1270\u1218\u120d\u1236 \u12a8\u12f0\u130b\u12cd \u1238\u12cb \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u1295 \u1320\u120b\u1275\u1290\u1275 \u12eb\u1320\u134b\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12f3\u121e\u1275\u1295 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12a2\u12ae\u1296\u121a\u12eb\u12ca \u12d0\u1245\u121d \u1270\u1320\u1245\u121e\u1260\u1273\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u120d\u12ad \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12d0\u1344 \u121d\u1292\u120a\u12ad \u12e8\u12f0\u1261\u1261\u1295 \u1283\u12ed\u120d\u1293 \u12d0\u1245\u121d \u1260\u1218\u1320\u1240\u121d \u1308\u1295\u1290\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u12c8\u1321\u1275 \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u12a9\u1296 \u12a0\u121d\u120b\u12ad \u12c8\u12f0 \u1238\u12cb \u1260\u1218\u121d\u1323\u1275 \u1283\u12ed\u1209\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u12f0\u122b\u1300\u1271 \u1238\u12ec \u1206\u1296 \u1240\u1228\u1361\u1361 \u120d\u12ad \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12e8\u1238\u12cb \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u130e\u1295\u12f0\u122d \u1204\u12f0\u12cd \u130e\u1295\u12f0\u122c \u1206\u1290\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1240\u1229\u1275 \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u2039\u1230\u120e\u121e\u1293\u12ca\u203a \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12e8 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12a0\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1228\u1295\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1276\u127b\u127d\u1295 \u1201\u1209 \u122b\u1233\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a8\u12a2\u12e8\u1229\u1233\u120c\u121d \u130b\u122d \u12eb\u12eb\u12ed\u12d9 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12d0\u1344 \u12ab\u120c\u1265\u121d \u12a8\u1293\u130d\u122b\u1295 \u12d8\u1218\u127b \u1218\u120d\u1235 \u12d8\u12cd\u12f3\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a2\u12e8\u1229\u1233\u120c\u121d \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u120b\u12a9\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12d0\u1344 \u1308\u1265\u1228 \u1218\u1235\u1240\u120d \u120d\u1305 \u1219\u1234\u121d \u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a2\u12e8\u1229\u1233\u120c\u121d\u1363 \u1260\u128b\u120b\u121d \u12c8\u12f0 \u1236\u122d\u12eb \u1260\u1218\u1313\u12dd \u1260\u12da\u12eb \u1308\u1218\u1295\u1290\u12cd \u1308\u12f3\u121d \u1218\u1225\u122d\u1270\u12cb\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1308\u12f3\u121b\u1278\u12cd\u121d \u2039\u1219\u1234 \u12a0\u120d \u1210\u1260\u123d \u1308\u12f3\u121d\u203a \u12ed\u1263\u120b\u120d\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12e8\u12db\u130d\u12cc \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275\u121d \u1230\u120e\u121e\u1293\u12cd\u12eb\u1295 \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u1206\u1291\u1260\u1275 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12e8\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u121d\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u1308\u12f5\u120e\u127b\u1278\u12cd \u120b\u12ed \u12a2\u12e8\u1229\u1233\u120c\u121d\u1295 \u12a0\u1265\u12dd\u1270\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1290\u1221\u1363 \u121b\u1285\u1270\u121e\u127b\u1278\u12cd \u1201\u1209 \u12e8\u12f3\u12ca\u1275 \u12ae\u12a8\u1265 \u12e8\u1206\u1291\u1363 \u1260\u12cd\u1245\u122d \u1264\u1270 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1296\u127b\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u12f3\u12ca\u1275\u1295 \u12ae\u12a8\u1265 \u12e8\u1240\u1228\u1339 \u12e8\u12db\u130d\u12cc \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f4\u1275 \u1230\u120e\u121e\u1293\u12cd\u12eb\u1295 \u12a0\u12ed\u1206\u1291\u121d\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n
<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12ca\u12cd \u12e8\u1245\u12f1\u1235 \u1219\u1234(\u12e8\u12d0\u1344 \u1308\u1265\u1228 \u1218\u1235\u1240\u120d \u120d\u1305) \u1308\u12f3\u121d \u1260\u1236\u122d\u12eb<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u12e8\u1320\u134b\u1293 \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u1208\u1230 \u12e8\u1230\u120e\u121e\u1295 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12a0\u1208 \u1265\u120e \u1208\u1218\u1293\u1308\u122d \u12eb\u1235\u1278\u130d\u122b\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u1225\u122d\u12c8 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u1271\u1295\u121d \u2039\u12e8\u12a0\u12a9\u1235\u121d\u1363 \u12e8\u120b\u1235\u1273\u1363 \u12e8\u1238\u12cb\u1363 \u12e8\u130e\u1295\u12f0\u122d\u1293 \u12e8\u1238\u12cb 2\u129b\u203a \u1265\u120e \u1218\u12ad\u1348\u1209 \u12e8\u1270\u123b\u1208 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u1232\u1263\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1296\u1228\u12cd \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u1232\u1226 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1262\u1240\u1260\u1209 \u1296\u122e \u1260\u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u12a0\u1296\u122c\u12ce\u1235\u1293 \u1260\u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u134a\u120d\u1336\u1235 \u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121d\u1293\u1290\u1260\u12cd \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u1245\u12f1\u1233\u1295 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u12a0\u1235\u1266(\u12e8\u12a0\u1201\u1291 \u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u120a\u1263\u1296\u1235) \u1232\u1218\u1321 \u130d\u1295\u1263\u122d \u1260\u121d\u1273\u12ad\u120d \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u1270\u122d \u12d8\u122d\u1270\u12cd \u1232\u1230\u1260\u1235\u1261 \u1263\u120b\u1308\u129f\u1278\u12cd \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u120a\u1263\u1296\u1235 \u12ed\u1260\u120d\u1325 \u12a5\u12e8\u1273\u12c8\u1240\u1293 \u1260\u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120b\u12ca \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1266\u1273 \u12a5\u12eb\u1308\u1298 \u12e8\u1204\u12f0\u12cd \u12a8\u12d0\u1344 \u12d8\u122d\u12d0 \u12eb\u12d5\u1246\u1265 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u1290\u12cd(\u121d\u1293\u120d\u1263\u1275 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12ed\u1308\u129d \u12a8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12a8\u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u120a\u1263\u1296\u1235 \u12d8\u123a\u121d\u12db\u1293 \u130b\u122d \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u12f3\u12a8\u1218 \u1232\u1218\u1323)\u1361\u1361 \u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u120a\u1263\u1296\u1235 \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1235\u121d \u12eb\u1308\u1298\u12cd\u121d \u12eb\u1294 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361(Les chroniques de Zara Ya\u2019eqob.,P. 91) \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u12a8\u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1271 \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12e8 \u1240\u1228\u1264\u1273 \u1262\u1296\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u1296\u122e \u1260\u12d3\u1208 \u12d5\u1228\u134d\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1271\u1293 \u1218\u12b3\u1295\u1295\u1271 \u1260\u1270\u1308\u1299 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1361\u1361 \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1271 \u1260\u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u120a\u1263\u1296\u1235 \u1218\u1308\u1298\u1275 \u12e8\u1300\u1218\u1229\u1275 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u12ab\u1228\u1349 \u12a8100 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1246\u12ed\u1270\u12cd \u12a8\u12d0\u1344 \u12ed\u1235\u1210\u1245 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 (1406-1421 \u12d3\u121d) \u1260\u128b\u120b \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u12cd\u121d \u12e8\u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u120a\u1263\u1296\u1235 \u12a0\u1263\u1276\u127d \u1260\u1290\u1260\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u133d\u1291\u12d5 \u12a0\u124b\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u1290\u1223 \u12a8\u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1271 \u130b\u122d \u1263\u1208 \u1218\u1235\u121b\u121b\u1275 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u12c8\u1241\u1275\u1361\u1361 3\u129b\u12cd\u1295 \u12a5\u1328\u130c \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u134a\u120d\u1336\u1235\u1295\u1363 \u12a0\u1225\u122b \u12a0\u1295\u12f1\u1295 \u1295\u1261\u122b\u1290 \u12d5\u12f5\u1293 \u12a5\u1328\u130c \u12a5\u1295\u12f5\u122d\u12eb\u1235\u1295 \u121b\u1235\u1273\u12c8\u1231 \u12ed\u1260\u1243\u120d\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
\u12a8\u120b\u1235\u1273 \u12c8\u12f0 \u1238\u12cb \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12dd\u12cd\u12cd\u122d \u1232\u12f0\u1228\u130d \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u1210\u12ed\u1245 \u12a5\u1235\u1322\u134b\u1296\u1235 \u1260\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u1290\u1260\u1229(\u12e8\u121a\u1323\u1245 \u12d0\u121b\u1291\u12a4\u1209 \u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1275\u1293 \u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u12a2\u12e8\u1231\u1235 \u121e\u12a0 \u1260\u12dd\u122d\u12dd\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1270\u122d\u12a8\u12cd)\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u12dd\u12cd\u12cd\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u12ed\u1260\u120d\u1325 \u1270\u1233\u1273\u134a \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u12a2\u12e8\u1231\u1235 \u121e\u12a0 \u12d8\u1210\u12ed\u1245 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205\u121d \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u1210\u12ed\u1245 \u12e8\u12d0\u1243\u1264 \u1230\u12d3\u1275\u1290\u1275 \u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u1270\u12ad\u1208 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u1232\u1226 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12a0\u130d\u129d\u1270\u12cb\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1275\u1228\u12ab \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u130e\u1295\u12f0\u122d \u12a8\u1270\u1240\u12e8\u1228 \u1260\u128b\u120b(17\u129b\u12cd \u1218\u12ad\u12d8) \u1260\u1270\u133b\u1348\u12cd \u1260\u1265\u12d5\u1208 \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1208\u1320 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1265\u12d5\u1208 \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1275 \u12e8\u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275\u1295 \u1200\u1265\u1275 \u1208\u121b\u1233\u12e8\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u133b\u1348 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1218\u133d\u1210\u134d \u1290\u12cd \u12a8\u12ed\u12a9\u1296 \u12a0\u121d\u120b\u12ad \u130b\u122d \u1243\u120d \u12aa\u12f3\u1295 \u1308\u1265\u1270\u12cb\u120d \u1270\u1265\u120e \u12e8\u1270\u133b\u1348\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12da\u1205 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1271 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u130d\u120d\u133d \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u130e\u1295\u12f0\u122d \u1232\u12de\u122d \u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u120a\u1263\u1296\u1235 \u12a8\u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120b\u12ca\u12cd \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u122b\u1240\u1361\u1361 \u1260\u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12cd\u121d \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295 \u1263\u120d\u1206\u1291 \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u1270\u12a8\u1260\u1260\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u130e\u1295\u12f0\u122d \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u1308\u12f3\u1219\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u1228\u1231\u1275\u121d \u1260\u1265\u12d5\u1208 \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1275 \u12e8\u12a0\u1263\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12ed\u12a9\u1296 \u12a0\u121d\u120b\u12ad\u1295 \u1243\u120d \u12aa\u12f3\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u1235\u1273\u12cd\u1231 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u130d \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1270\u133b\u1348\u1361\u1361 <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u12a0\u1261\u1290 \u134a\u120d\u1336\u1235 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u120a\u1263\u1296\u1235 \u1232\u1218\u1323 \u12e8\u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12cd \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u2039\u12e8\u1308\u12f3\u1219 \u1218\u1290\u12ae\u1233\u1275 \u1230\u12cd \u12ed\u1260\u120b\u1209\u203a\u203a \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u1290\u1308\u1229\u1275\u1361\u1361 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u12a0\u1235\u1266 \u1260\u12da\u12eb \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u1290\u12ae\u1233\u1275 \u121b\u1285\u12f0\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1271 \u12e8\u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12cd \u1230\u12ce\u127d\u121d \u1260\u1245\u1321 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u120d\u1240\u1228\u1261\u1275 \u12eb\u1233\u12e8\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361 \u12e8\u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u120a\u1263\u1296\u1235 \u12e8\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u1279 \u12a0\u1263\u1276\u127d\u121d \u1260\u122b\u1233\u1278\u12cd \u1325\u1228\u1275 \u1260\u12f0\u1265\u1228 \u12a0\u1235\u1266 \u12cb\u123b \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1308\u12f3\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1209 \u12a5\u1295\u1302 \u1260\u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1271 \u12f5\u130b\u134d \u1232\u1226 \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u12e8\u12eb\u12d9 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1229 \u12eb\u1233\u12e8\u1293\u120d\u1361\u1361  <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u00a9<\/span>\u12ed\u1205 \u133d\u1211\u134d \u1260\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u1218\u133d\u1214\u1275 \u12e8\u12c8\u1323 \u1290\u12cd<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u121b\u1235\u1270\u12cb\u123b<\/o:p><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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\nclick here for pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
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በይምርሐነ ክርስቶስ ጣራ ላይ የሚገኘው የዳዊት ኮከብ<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
ባለፈው ሳምንት ተስፋዬ ገብረ አብ አቡነ ተክለ ሃይማኖትን በተመለከተ ያነሣቸውን ነጥቦች ማየት ጀምረን ‹የሦስቱን ተክለ ሃይማኖቶች› ጉዳይ ለዛሬ አቆይተነው ነበር፡፡ እንቀጥል፡፡<\/p>\n

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\n1)        <\/span><\/span>የሰባተኛው መክዘ ተክለ ሃይማኖት<\/p>\n

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\nተስፋዬ የጠቀሳቸው የሰባተኛው መክዘ ተክለ ሃይማኖት የሉም፡፡ እስካሁንም እንደርሱ ፈጠራቸውን የሚናገሩ እንጂ ማስረጃ ያመጡ አልተገኙም፡፡ ይህንን ነገር መጀመሪያ ያነሣው የግብጽ ቤተ ክርስቲያን ገድለ ተክለ ሃይማኖትም ስለ ጽላልሽ (ኢቲሳ) ተክለ ሃይማኖት እንጂ ስለ ሰባተኛው መክዘ ሌላ ተክለ ሃይማኖት አይናገርም፡፡ ገድለ ተክለ ሃይማኖትን በተመለከተ ልዩ ልዩ ቅጅዎች ቢገኙም ሁሉም ግን በተወለዱበት ቦታ፣ በተወለዱበት ዘመን፣ በወላጆቻቸው ስም፣ በሠሯቸው ሥራዎችና በገዳማቸው ላይ የሚተርኩት ታሪክ ተመሳሳይ ነው(<\/span>Encyclopedia Aethiopica, Vol., IV,.P.833) <\/span>በአንድ ወቅት ታላቁን የታሪክና የኢትዮጵያ ጥንታውያን መዛግብት ሊቅ ፕሮፌሰር ጌታቸው ኃይሌን ስለዚህ ጉዳይ ስጠይቃቸው ‹አለኝ ያለ ማስረጃውን ያምጣ፣ የለም የምንለው ፈልገን ልናመጣ አንገደድም›› እንዳሉት አለን የሚሉት እስኪያመጡ ድረስ የምናውቀውን ይዘን እንቀጥላለን፡፡ <\/p>\n

<\/span>\n<\/div>\n

\n2) መራ ተክለ ሃይማኖት የሚባል ንጉሥ ነበረ፡፡ እንደ ደብረ ሊባኖስ ዘሺምዛና(ኤርትራ) እና ደብረ ሐይቅ መዛግብት ከሆነ መራ ተክለ ሃይማኖት የዛግዌ ሥርወ መንግሥት መሥራች ንጉሥ እንጂ ‹ቄስ› አልነበረም፡፡ የዛግዌን ዘመን በተመለከተ የተጻፉ የዛግዌ ቅዱሳን ገድሎች(ፔሩሾ የጻፈውን የገድለ ላሊበላ መቅድም መመልከት) ይህንን አይነግሩንም፡፡ ይህም ብቻ ሳይሆን የዛግዌን ታሪክ ያጠኑት ሊቃውንት(ለምሳሌ <\/span>E. A. Wallis Budge, A History of Ethiopia, London, 1928; Sergew Hable Sellassie, Ancient and Medieval Ethiopian History)<\/span> መራ ተክለ ሃይማኖት ቄስ ነበረ አይሉንም፡፡ የላስታ ትውፊትም ይህን አይናገርም፡፡ በላስታ አድባራትና ገዳማት የሚሳሉት ቅዱሳን አራቱ ነገሥታት ናቸው (ቅዱስ ላሊበላ፣ ቅዱስ ሐርቤ(ገብረ ማርያም)፣ ቅዱስ ይምርሐነ ክርስቶስና ቅዱስ ነአኩቶ ለአብ)፡፡ ከእነዚህም ክህነትና ንግሥናን እንደያዘ የሚነገረው ይምርሐነ ክርስቶስ ነው፡፡ ተስፋዬ እንዲሆን የሚፈልገውን ብቻ ነው የነገረን፡፡  <\/p>\n

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ስለዚህም በገድለ ተክለ ሃይማኖት የሦስት ሰዎች ገድል ተቀላቅሏል የሚለን ማስረጃ አልባ ሕልም ነው፡፡  <\/p>\n

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\nስለ አቡነ ተክለ ሃይማኖት የተጻፈው በገድላቸው ብቻ አይደለም፡፡ በብዙ ጥንታውያን መዛግብትም ጭምር እንጂ፡፡ በገድለ አቡነ ኢየሱስ ሞአ(ወሎ)፣ በገድለ አቡነ ፊልጶስ፣ በገድለ አቡነ አኖሬዎስ(ባሌ)፣ በገድለ አቡነ እንድርያስ(ደቡብ ጎንደር) በገድለ አቡነ ፊልጶስ ዘደብረ ቢዘን (ኤርትራ፣ እንዲያውም በ ደብረ ቢዘኑ(ኤርትራ) ገድለ አቡነ ፊልጶስ ወአቡነ ዮሐንስ ላይ ከአቡነ ተክለ ሃይማኖት አልፎ የእርሳቸውን ደቀ መዛሙርት ዝርዝር በሚገባ ይነግረናል፡፡ <\/span>C. Conti Rossini, Gadla Filipos e il Gadla Yohannes,1901, P.156<\/span>)፣ በገድለ አቡነ ዜና ማርቆስ(ሰሜን ሸዋ)፣ በገድለ አቡነ ቀውስጦስ፣ በገድለ አቡነ ዕንባቆም(ወለጋና ምዕራብ ሸዋ)፣ በገድለ አቡነ ተክለ ሐዋርያት(ምዕራብ ሸዋ)፣ በገድለ አቡነ ተክለ አልፋ(ምሥራቅ ጎጃም)፣ በገድለ አቡነ መድኃኒነ እግዚእ(ትግራይ)፣ በገድለ አቡነ ኤዎስጣቴዎስ(ኤርትራ)፣ በገድለ አቡነ ሳሙኤል ዘደብረ ወገግ(ምዕራብ ሐረርጌ)፣ ተጽፎ ይገኛል፡፡ እነዚህ በተለያዩ ዘመናት በተለያዩ የሀገሪቱ ክፍሎች የተጻፉ ገድሎች በደብረ ሊባኖስ በ12ኛው መክዘ መጨረሻና በ13ኛው መክዘ መጀመሪያ ላይ አቡነ ተክለ ሃይማኖት የሚባሉ አባት ተነሥተው እንደነበረ ታሪካቸውን በአጭርም ሆነ በስፋት ይነግሩናል፡፡ ከኢትዮጵያውያንም ውጭ በ16ና17ኛው መክዘ ወደ ኢትዮጵያ መጥተው የነበሩት እነ ኢማኑኤል አልሜዳና ፓድሮ ፓኤዝ ወደ ኢትዮጵያ በመጡ ጊዜ ያገኙትን ነገር መነሻ ስለ ደብረ አስቦው አቡነ ተክለ ሃይማኖት ጽፈዋል፡፡ ሌላ ተክለ ሃይማኖት ስለመኖሩ ግን ያነሡት ነገር የለም፡፡<\/p>\n

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\nበርግጥ አልሜዳ ተክለ ሃይማኖትን በሰባተኛው ወይም በስምንተኛው መክዘ የተነሡ ናቸው ብሎ ገምቷል፡፡ ወደዚህ ግምት የወሰደው የኢትዮጵያውያንን ገድላት አጻጻፍ ባለቁ ነበር፡፡ ኮንቲ ሮሲኒ ‹‹ወደ ኢትዮጵያ ታሪክ ጥናት ይበልጥ ራሴን ባስገባሁ ቁጥር ሀገራዊውን ትውፊት ማወቅ እንዳለብኝ ይበልጥ እየተረዳሁ መጥቻለሁ፡፡ ይህንን ሀገራዊ ትውፊት፣ ከሕዝቦችን ንቅናቄ ታሪክና ከተከታታይ መሪዎቹ ታሪክ ጋር(ምንም እንኳን አንዳንዴ አፈ ታሪክም ቢሆን) እያወቅን በመጣን ቁጥር ስለ ኢትዮጵያ ታሪክ ርግጠኛ የሆነ ግንዛቤ ይኖረናል›› እንዳለው(<\/span>C. Conti Rossini, “Note di agiografia etiopica (Abiya- Egzi, Arkaledes e Gabra Iyesus),” Rassegna di studi orientali, 17(1938), 409-10. ) <\/span><\/b>የኢትዮጵያን ባህል<\/span> ና ትውፊት ካላወቁ የሚፈጠረውን ስሕተት ነው አልሜዳ የፈጠረው፡፡ ለምሳሌ አልሜዳ እንደ አንድ ማሳያ ያነሣው ‹በገድለ ተክለ ሃይማኖት ውስጥ ስለ ሙስሊሞች አልተገለጠም› የሚል ነው፡፡ የመካከለኛው ዘመን የኢትዮጵያ ገድሎች ግን ከክርስትና ውጭ ያሉትን ሕዝቦች ‹ተንባላት› እያሉ ነው የሚጠሯቸው፡፡ ሙስሊም ወይም እስላም የሚለውን ስም በሚገባ የምናገኘው የክርስቲያን ሙስሊም ግንኙነት እየሻከረ በመጣባቸው የመካከለኛው ዘመን የመጨረሻዎቹ ዓመታትና ከግራኝ አሕመድ ጦርነት በኋላ ነው፡፡ በገድለ አኖሬዎስ፣ በገድለ አቡነ አሮን፣ በገድለ አቡነ በጸሎተ ሚካኤልና በገድለ አቡነ ፊልጶስም በተመሳሳይ ሁኔታ ነው የሚገኘው፡፡ <\/p>\n

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\nአቡነ ተክለ ሃይማኖትን ከፖለቲካ ጋር የማያያዝ ነገር በተስፋዬ አልተጀመረም፡፡ ሌሎች አካላትም ሲያራምዱት የኖሩና የሚራምዱትም ነገር ነው፡፡ በዚህ ረገድ ያልተጠኑ ሦስት ነገሮች አሉ፡፡ አንደኛው የሰሎሞናዊ መንግሥት ምለሳ (<\/span>Restoration) <\/span>የሚባለው ነገር፡፡ ሁለተኛው በዚህ ምለሳ ላይ አቡነ ተክለ ሃይማኖት ነበራቸው የሚባለው ሚና እና የታሪኩ ምጮች ናቸው፡፡ <\/p>\n

<\/span>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n
<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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የንጉሥ ሐርቤ የዳዊት ኮከብ ያለበት ማኅተም<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

እንደ እውነቱ ከሆነ ኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ በአኩስም ዘመን የነበሩ ነገሥታት ራሳቸውን ሰሎሞናውያን ብለው የጠሩበት መረጃ የለንም፡፡ ለኢትዮጵያ ነገሥታት ግን ራሳቸውን ከኢየሩሳሌምና ከቅድስት ሀገር ጋር ማያያዝ የተለመደ ነው፡፡ በዚህ ረገድም የዛግዌ ነገሥታት ሰሎሞናውያን የማይሆኑበት ምክንያትም የለም፡፡ እንዲያውም ለሰሎሞናዊነቱ ከኋለኞቹ ነገሥታት ይልቅ የዛግዌ ነገሥታት ይቀርባሉ፡፡በውቅር ቤተ ክርስቲያኖቻቸውም ሆነ በማኅተሞቻቸው ላይ የዳዊትን ኮከብ በብዛት እናየዋለን፡፡ ወደ ኢየሩሳሌም በመሄድም የዛግዌ ነገሥታት ይበልጣሉ፡፡ ቅዱስ ላሊበላም የሮሐን አብያተ ክርስቲያናት ሲያንጽ ኢየሩሳሌምን እያስታወሰ ነው፡፡ በኋላ ዘመን ‹ሰሎሞናውያን› ከተባት የይኩኖ አምላክ ዘሮች ነገሥታት ወገን እንድም ንጉሥ ኢየሩሳሌም ሄደ ተብሎ አልተጻፈለትም፣ አልተነገረለትምም፡፡ የዛግዌ ነገሥታትን ግን ወደ ኢየሩሳሌም በመሄድ የሚተካከላቸው የለም፡፡ <\/p>\n

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የአኩስምን ነገሥታት (በተለይ ዐፄ ካሌብና ዐፄ ገብረ መስቀል በወሎ አካባቢ አያሌ አብያተ ክርስቲያናትን ተክለዋል፡፡ የዛግዌ ነገሥታትም (በደብረ ሊባኖስ ዘሺምዛና ወንጌል እንደ ተገለጠው) ለኤርትራና ትግራይ ገዳማት ርስት ሰጥተዋል፡፡ የሰሎሞናዊ ሥርወ መንግሥት መላሽ የሚባለው ይኩኖ አምላክም ቢሆን በእናቱ የቡግና ተወላጅ ነው፡፡ ውትድርና ተቀጥሮ የኖረውም ቡግና ነው፡፡ የተማረውም ወሎ ሐይቅ እስጢፋኖስ ነው፡፡ አቡነ ኢየሱስ ሞአ ትውልዳቸው ቡግና ስለሆነ ነው ይኩኖ አምላክ ወደ ሐይቅ ለትምህርት የሄደው፡፡ እርሱ ሲነግሥም መጀመሪያ ያሳነጸው የወሎዋን ገነተ ማርያምን ነው፡፡ አጽሙም የሚገኘው በወሎዋ አትሮንሰ ማርያም ነው፡፡ ይኩኖ አምላክ በሸዋ ውስጥ ስሙ እንጂ ቅርሱ ያለ አይመስልም፡፡ <\/p>\n

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\nይኩኖ አምላክ ወደ ሸዋ የወረደው እርሱ ሸዬ ስለሆነ አይመስልም፡፡ የዛግዌ ነገሥታት የበረታ ኃይል ከሚገኝበት ከወሎ አካባቢ ለመሸሽና የደቡቡን ኃይል ለማሰባሰብ እንጂ፡፡ ኮንቲ ሮሲኒ ከኤርትራ አግኝቶ ባሳተመው እንድ ጥንታዊ የብራና ጽሑፍ ላይ  ‹‹(የይኩኖ አምላክ ሠራዊት) ሰባቱ ጉደም ናቸው፡፡ እነርሱም ወግዳ – መለዛይ፣ ዲንቢ – ዳባራይ፣ ሙገር – እንደ ዛቢ፣ ወጅ – እነጋሪ፣ ወረብ – እነካፌ፣ ጽላላሽ እነ ጋፌ እና ሙዋይ – አውዣዣይ ናቸው፡፡ የእነርሱም አለቃ መለዛይ ከንጉሡ ጋር ቃል ኪዳን አደረገ፤ ተዋግቶም ጠላቶቹን ድል ነሣ›› ይላል (<\/span>Taddesse Tamrat, Ethnic Interaction and Integration In Ethiopian History: The case of The Gafat, JES, Vol. XXI,1988, P. 125) <\/span><\/p>\n

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ይኩኖ አምላክ የዛግዌ ነገሥታትን ሊያሸንፍ የቻለው በዚያ ዘመን በጥበበ ዕድ አንድነት በፈጠሩት(ሰባት ጉዳም) ጋፋቶች ርዳታ ነው፡፡ ምንጊዜም የመሣሪያ ኃይል ያለው ያሸንፋልና፡፡ ይኩኖ አምላክ ወደ ሸዋ ባደረገው መስፋፋት ወደ ክርስትና ተመልሶ ከደጋው ሸዋ ክፍል ጋር የነበረውን ጠላትነት ያጠፋውን የዳሞትን መንግሥት ኢኮኖሚያዊ ዐቅም ተጠቅሞበታል፡፡ ልክ በኋላ ዘመን ዐፄ ምኒሊክ የደቡቡን ኃይልና ዐቅም በመጠቀም ገንነው እንደወጡት ማለት ነው፡፡ ይኩኖ አምላክ ወደ ሸዋ በመምጣት ኃይሉን በማደራጀቱ ሸዬ ሆኖ ቀረ፡፡ ልክ በኋላ የሸዋ ነገሥታት ወደ ጎንደር ሄደው ጎንደሬ ሆነው እንደቀሩት ማለት ነው፡፡ በመሆኑም ‹ሰሎሞናዊ› የሚባል የተለየ መንግሥት አልነበረንም፡፡ ነገሥታቶቻችን ሁሉ ራሳቸውን ከኢየሩሳሌም ጋር ያያይዙ ነበር፡፡ ዐፄ ካሌብም ከናግራን ዘመቻ መልስ ዘውዳቸውን ኢየሩሳሌም ነው የላኩት፡፡ የዐፄ ገብረ መስቀል ልጅ ሙሴም መጀመሪያ ወደ ኢየሩሳሌም፣ በኋላም ወደ ሶርያ በመጓዝ በዚያ ገመንነው ገዳም መሥርተዋል፡፡ ገዳማቸውም ‹ሙሴ አል ሐበሽ ገዳም› ይባላል፡፡ <\/p>\n

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የዛግዌ ነገሥታትም ሰሎሞናውያን የማይሆኑበት ምክንያት የላቸውም፡፡ በገድሎቻቸው ላይ ኢየሩሳሌምን አብዝተው የሚያነሡ፣ ማኅተሞቻቸው ሁሉ የዳዊት ኮከብ የሆኑ፣ በውቅር ቤተ ክርስቲያኖቻቸው የዳዊትን ኮከብ የቀረጹ የዛግዌ ነገሥታት እንዴት ሰሎሞናውያን አይሆኑም፡፡<\/p>\n

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የኢትዮጵያዊው የቅዱስ ሙሴ(የዐፄ ገብረ መስቀል ልጅ) ገዳም በሶርያ<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
በመሆኑም የጠፋና የተመለሰ የሰሎሞን መንግሥት አለ ብሎ ለመናገር ያስቸግራል፡፡ ሥርወ መንግሥታቱንም ‹የአኩስም፣ የላስታ፣ የሸዋ፣ የጎንደርና የሸዋ 2ኛ› ብሎ መክፈሉ የተሻለ ነው፡፡<\/p>\n

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ሲባል እንደኖረው አቡነ ተክለ ሃይማኖት ሲሦ መንግሥት ቢቀበሉ ኖሮ በገድለ አቡነ አኖሬዎስና በገድለ አቡነ ፊልጶስ ላይ እንደምናነበው እነዚህ ሁለት ቅዱሳን ወደ ደብረ አስቦ(የአሁኑ ደብረ ሊባኖስ) ሲመጡ ግንባር በምታክል መሬት ላይ አተር ዘርተው ሲሰበስቡ ባላገኟቸው ነበር፡፡ ደብረ ሊባኖስ ይበልጥ እየታወቀና በማዕከላዊ መንግሥት ቦታ እያገኘ የሄደው ከዐፄ ዘርዐ ያዕቆብ ዘመን በኋላ ነው(ምናልባት ኤርትራ ይገኝ ከነበረው ከደብረ ሊባኖስ ዘሺምዛና ጋር ያለው ግንኙነት እየተዳከመ ሲመጣ)፡፡ ደብረ ሊባኖስ የሚለውን ስም ያገኘውም ያኔ ነው፡፡(Les chroniques de Zara Ya’eqob.,P. 91) አቡነ ተክለ ሃይማኖት ከነገሥታቱ ጋር የተለየ ቀረቤታ ቢኖራቸው ኖሮ በዓለ ዕረፍታቸው ነገሥታቱና መኳንንቱ በተገኙ ነበር፡፡ ነገሥታቱ በደብረ ሊባኖስ መገኘት የጀመሩት አቡነ ተክለ ሃይማኖት ካረፉ ከ100 ዓመታት ቆይተው ከዐፄ ይስሐቅ ዘመን (1406-1421 ዓም) በኋላ ነው፡፡ እንዲያውም የደብረ ሊባኖስ አባቶች በነበራቸው ጽኑዕ አቋም የተነሣ ከነገሥታቱ ጋር ባለ መስማማት ነው የሚታወቁት፡፡ 3ኛውን እጨጌ አቡነ ፊልጶስን፣ አሥራ አንዱን ንቡራነ ዕድና እጨጌ እንድርያስን ማስታወሱ ይበቃል፡፡ <\/p>\n

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ከላስታ ወደ ሸዋ የመንግሥት ዝውውር ሲደረግ አቡነ ተክለ ሃይማኖት ሐይቅ እስጢፋኖስ በትምህርት ላይ ነበሩ(የሚጣቅ ዐማኑኤሉ ገድለ ተክለ ሃይማትና ገድለ ኢየሱስ ሞአ በዝርዝር እንደሚተርከው)፡፡ በዚህ የሥልጣን ዝውውር ላይ ይበልጥ ተሳታፊ የነበሩት አቡነ ኢየሱስ ሞአ ዘሐይቅ ናቸው፡፡ በዚህም ምክንያት ሐይቅ የዐቃቤ ሰዓትነት ሥልጣን ነበረው፡፡ አቡነ ተክለ ሃይማኖት ሲሦ መንግሥት አግኝተዋል የሚለው ትረካ መንግሥት ወደ ጎንደር ከተቀየረ በኋላ(17ኛው መክዘ) በተጻፈው በብዕለ ነገሥት ላይ የተገለጠ ነው፡፡ ብዕለ ነገሥት የነገሥታትን ሀብት ለማሳየት የተጻፈ ነው፡፡ በዚህ መጽሐፍ ነው ከይኩኖ አምላክ ጋር ቃል ኪዳን ገብተዋል ተብሎ የተጻፈው፡፡ የዚህ ምክንያቱ ደግሞ ግልጽ ነው፡፡ መንግሥት ወደ ጎንደር ሲዞር ደብረ ሊባኖስ ከማዕከላዊው መንግሥት ራቀ፡፡ በአካባቢውም ክርስቲያን ባልሆኑ ሕዝቦች ተከበበ፡፡ የጎንደር ነገሥታት ገዳሙን እንዳይረሱትም በብዕለ ነገሥት የአባታቸውን ይኩኖ አምላክን ቃል ኪዳን እንዲያስታውሱ የሚያደርግ ነገር ተጻፈ፡፡ <\/p>\n

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እናም ተስፋዬም ሆነ ሌሎች እንደሚሉት አቡነ ተክለ ሃይማኖት ከቅድስና ሥራ በቀር የገቡበት ፖለቲካ የለም፡፡ አቡነ ተክለ ሃይማኖት ሐዋርያዊ አገልግሎታቸውን ፈጽመው ወደ ደብረ አስቦ ሲገቡ ይኩኖ አምላክ በመንበሩ ላይ ነበር፡፡ ነገር ግን የጠበቃቸው ዘንዶ ይመለክበት የነበረ ዋሻ እንጂ ከሲሦ መንግሥት የተገኘ ግብር አልነበረም፡፡ ያንን ዋሻም ያገኙት ከጣዖት አምላኪዎች አስለቅቀው ነው፡፡ 28 ዓመት በደብረ አስቦ ሲቀመጡም የጎበኛቸው ንጉሥ አልነበረም፡፡ ደቀ መዝሙሮቻቸውም ከዝንጀሮ ጋር እየተሻሙ እህል ዘርተው ከማብቀል ውጭ የተለየ ርስት አልነበራቸውም፡፡ ደብረ ሊባኖስ ሲተከልም የአካባቢውን ሕዝቦች በማሳመን እንጂ በነገሥታቱ ድጋፍ አልነበረውም፡፡ ከይኩኖ አምላክ በኋላ የመጣው ያግብዐ ጽዮንና አምስቱ የያግብዐ ጽን ልጆች ለአቡነ ተክለ ሃይማትም ሆነ ለደብረ አስቦ ያደረጉት ነገር አልነበረም፡፡ ዐፄ ዐምደ ጽዮንና ዐፄ ሰይፈ አርእድም ከደብረ ሊባኖስ እጨጌዎች ጋር በሰላም አልኖሩም፡፡ <\/p>\n

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አቡነ ፊልጶስ ወደ ደብረ ሊባኖስ ሲመጣ የአካባቢው ሰዎች ‹የገዳሙ መነኮሳት ሰው ይበላሉ›› ብለው ነው የነገሩት፡፡ ይህም ደብረ አስቦ በዚያ ዘመን የመነኮሳት ማኅደር እንጂ እንኳን ነገሥታቱ የአካባቢው ሰዎችም በቅጡ እንዳልቀረቡት ያሳየናል፡፡ የደብረ ሊባኖስ የመጀመሪያዎቹ አባቶችም በራሳቸው ጥረት በደብረ አስቦ ዋሻ ውስጥ ገዳም የተከሉ እንጂ በነገሥታቱ ድጋፍ ሲሦ መሬት የያዙ እንዳልነበሩ ያሳየናል፡፡  <\/p>\n

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ከዐሥረኛው መክዘ ጀምሮ በነበረው የእርስ በርስ ጦርነት ምክንያት በሰሜኑና በደቡቡ የሀገራችን ክፍል ምክንያት የነበረው ግንኙነት ተቋርጦ ነበር፡፡ ፕሮፌሰር ታደሰ ታምራት እንደሚገልጡትም የሰዎች ፍልሰት ከሰሜኑ የሀራችን ክፍል አሁን ሸዋ ወደሚባለው አካባቢ በየተወሰነ መጠን ብቻ ይከናወን ነበር፡፡ ይህንን ከሦስት መቶ ዓመታት በላይ ለሆነ ዘመን የተለያየ ሕዝብ እንደገና ያዋሐዱት አቡነ ተክለ ሃይማኖት ናቸው ማለት ይቻላል፡፡ አቡነ ተክለ ሃይማኖት ዳሞትን ከሸዋ ጋር ካገናኙ በኋላ ወደ ወሎ በመሄድ ሐይቅ ቆዩ፤ ቀጥለውም ወደ ትግራይ በመጓዝ ደብረ ዳሞ ገቡ፡፡ ለሰሜኑ የሀገራችን ክፍል የምንኩስና ሕይወት ማንሠራራት አንዱ ምክንያት የሆኑትን አቡነ መድኃኒነ እግዚእን አመነኮሱ፡፡ አቡነ መድኃኒነ እግዚእ ደግሞ አምስቱን ከዋክብት(አቡነ አሮን ዘክቱር፣ አቡነ መርቆሬዎስ ዘዶባ፣ አቡነ ዘካርያስ ዘኬፋ፣ አቡነ ገብረ ክርስቶስ ዘዳኅና፣ አቡነ ዳንኤል ዘጸዐዳ)ና ሰባቱን ከዋክብት በማመንኮስ(R. Basset, Etudes sur I historie d Ethiopie,.p 10) የሰሜኑን ገዳማዊ ሕይወት እንደገና ነፍስ ዘርተውበታል፡፡ በዚህም ምክንያት የሰሜኖቹ ወደ ደቡብ በመምጣት፣ የደቡቦችም ወደ ሰሜን በመሄድ የሕዝብ ለሕዝብ ግንኙነቱ እንዲያንሠራራ አድርገውታል፡፡ <\/p>\n

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ተስፋዬም ሆነ መሰሎቹ አቡነ ተክለ ሃይማኖት ላይ የሚዘምቱት የእምነትም ሆነ የታሪክ ክርክር ስላላቸው አይደለም፡፡ ሀገሪቱ የቆመችባቸውን ተራዳዎች የመናድና እሴት አልባ የማድረግ ተልዕኮ ስላላቸው እንጂ፡፡ ይህ ተልዕኮ ደግሞ በዚህች በብዙ ቅዱሳን ጸሎት በታጠረች ሀገር ላይ ፈጽሞ የሚሳካ አይደለም፡፡ የሌለን ነገር የሚፈልግ አያገኝምና፡፡  <\/p>\n

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ማስተዋሻ<\/p>\n

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አቡነ ተክለ ሃይማኖትን የተመለከተ አንድ መጽሐፍ በማዘጋጀት ላይ ነኝ፡፡ ጻድቁ በጸሎታቸው ቢረዱኝ በዚህ ዓመት መጨረሻ ላይ ይወጣ ይሆናል፡፡ እናንተም ጸልዩበት፡፡<\/p>\n

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